techniques for imaging different anatomic areas^.pptx..Comprehensive Techniques and Approaches for Ultrasound Imaging of Different Anatomic Areas: Detailed Exploration of Abdominal, Pelvic, Musculoskeletal, Vascular, and Small Parts Sonography for Accurat

techniques for imaging different anatomic areas

1. Ultrasound Imaging Techniques for Different Anatomic Areas Presented by- Shipra Saroj [email protected]

2. Abdomen Purpose: Evaluate liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and great vessels. Technique: Patient Preparation: Fasting 6–8 hours to reduce bowel gas. Position: Supine; left lateral decubitus or erect for gallbladder. Transducer: 3.5–5 MHz curvilinear. Scanning Planes: Longitudinal, transverse, and oblique. Key Tips: Use deep inspiration to move organs below the ribs. Adjust gain for echogenic liver and homogeneous appearance.

3. 2. Pelvis (Male & Female) Purpose: Evaluate uterus, ovaries, urinary bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles. Technique: Transabdominal: Full bladder required. 3.5–5 MHz curvilinear probe. Supine position. Transvaginal / Transrectal: Empty bladder. High-frequency (7.5–10 MHz) endocavitary probe. Provides better resolution for small structures. Scanning Planes: Sagittal and transverse. Key Tips: Adjust depth and focal zone at uterine or prostate level.

4. 3. Obstetric Ultrasound Purpose: Assess fetal growth, placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal anatomy. Technique: Position: Supine or left lateral to avoid vena cava compression. Transducer: 3.5–5 MHz curvilinear (transabdominal), 7.5 MHz (transvaginal). Approach: Early pregnancy: transvaginal. Later stages: transabdominal. Key Planes: Longitudinal, transverse, and coronal of uterus and fetus. Tips: Use obstetric preset for optimized settings. Measure CRL, BPD, FL, and AC for fetal biometry.

5. 4. Vascular Ultrasound (Doppler Studies) Purpose: Evaluate arterial and venous flow in carotid, extremities, and abdomen. Technique: Position: Carotid: Supine with head slightly turned. Lower limbs: Supine for veins, prone for arteries. Transducer: 5–10 MHz linear array. Modes: B-mode + Color Doppler + Spectral Doppler. Key Tips: Angle of insonation : ≤60°. Adjust scale and gain to prevent aliasing.

6. 5. Thyroid and Neck Purpose: Assess thyroid gland, salivary glands, lymph nodes. Technique: Position: Supine, neck hyperextended with pillow under shoulders. Transducer: 7.5–12 MHz linear probe. Planes: Longitudinal and transverse. Tips: Use light pressure to avoid compressing small vessels.

7. 6. Breast Purpose: Evaluate palpable lumps, cysts, and masses. Technique: Position: Supine with arm raised above the head. Transducer: 7.5–15 MHz linear probe. Scanning: Radial and anti-radial planes (following ductal pattern). Tips: Use generous gel; scan from nipple outward.

8. 7. Musculoskeletal (MSK) Purpose: Assess tendons, ligaments, muscles, and joints. Technique: Position: Depends on region (e.g., hand flat for wrist, knee flexed). Transducer: High-frequency 10–15 MHz linear probe. Scanning: Longitudinal and transverse along muscle/tendon fibers. Tips: Use dynamic scanning (movement) to assess function.

9. 8. Small Parts (Scrotum, Eye, Superficial Lumps) Technique: Scrotum: Supine, scrotal support with towel. 7.5–10 MHz linear probe. Evaluate both testes in transverse and sagittal planes. Eye: Closed eyelid, gel on top. 7.5–12 MHz probe. Avoid pressure on eye.

10. 9. Chest & Pleura Purpose: Detect pleural effusion, consolidation, pneumothorax. Technique: Position: Sitting or semi-erect. Transducer: 3.5–5 MHz convex for deep; 7.5 MHz linear for pleura. Scanning: Longitudinal between ribs. Tips: Look for lung sliding, comet-tail, and B-lines.

11. 10. Pediatric and Neonatal Imaging Purpose: Brain (via fontanelle), hips, abdomen. Technique: Transducer: High frequency (7.5–12 MHz). Position: For cranial USG: supine with head midline. For hip: lateral decubitus. Tips: Use soft pressure and warm gel.

12. 11. Renal and Urinary Tract Purpose: Assess kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Technique: Position: Supine or decubitus. Transducer: 3.5–5 MHz curvilinear. Scanning: Coronal (through flank) and transverse. Tips: Use full bladder for distal ureter visualization.

13. THANK YOU