types of Cancer and its management. pptx

Cancers are classified based on the type of cell or tissue from which they originate and the organ system affected.

1. Carcinomas

Origin: Epithelial cells (lining of organs and glands)

Most common type of cancer

Examples:

Lung cancer

Breast cancer

Prostate cancer

Colorectal cancer

Skin canc...

Cancers are classified based on the type of cell or tissue from which they originate and the organ system affected.

1. Carcinomas

Origin: Epithelial cells (lining of organs and glands)

Most common type of cancer

Examples:

Lung cancer

Breast cancer

Prostate cancer

Colorectal cancer

Skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma)

2. Sarcomas

Origin: Connective or supportive tissues (bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels)

Examples:

Osteosarcoma (bone)

Chondrosarcoma (cartilage)

Liposarcoma (fat)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)

3. Leukemias

Origin: Blood-forming tissues (bone marrow)

Affect: White blood cells

Examples:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

4. Lymphomas

Origin: Lymphatic system (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus)

Examples:

Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

5. Melanomas

Origin: Melanocytes (pigment-producing skin cells)

Highly aggressive and prone to metastasis.

6. Central Nervous System (CNS) Cancers

Origin: Brain or spinal cord tissues

Examples:

Gliomas

Meningiomas

Medulloblastomas

7. Germ Cell Tumors

Origin: Reproductive cells (testes, ovaries)

Examples:

Testicular cancer

Ovarian germ cell tumors

💊 II. Cancer Management (Treatment and Control)

Cancer management depends on the type, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as patient health. The main goal is to remove or destroy cancer cells, prevent recurrence, and improve quality of life.

1. Surgery

Purpose: Remove localized tumors.

Examples:

Mastectomy (breast)

Colectomy (colon)

Often combined with radiation or chemotherapy.

2. Radiation Therapy

Uses high-energy rays to kill or damage cancer cells.

Targets localized tumors.

Can be external beam radiation or internal (brachytherapy).

3. Chemotherapy

Drugs that destroy or inhibit rapidly dividing cells.

Systemic treatment (affects the whole body).

Side effects: Hair loss, nausea, fatigue, immune suppression.

4. Targeted Therapy

Uses drugs that target specific molecules (e.g., proteins, receptors, or genes) involved in cancer growth.

Examples:

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for HER2-positive breast cancer

Imatinib (Gleevec) for CML

5. Immunotherapy

Stimulates the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Examples:

Checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab)

CAR T-cell therapy

Cancer vaccines

6. Hormone Therapy

Used for hormone-sensitive cancers (e.g., breast, prostate).

Blocks or lowers hormone levels.

Examples:

Tamoxifen (estrogen blocker)

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)

7. Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant

Used for blood cancers like leukemia or lymphoma.

Replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.

8. Palliative Care

Focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life, especially in advanced stages.

Includes pain management, emotional, and nutritional support