01--11pm -12pm Lecture 17-02-2022 Data Prepare for Analysis EXCEL and SPSS Management.pptx

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1. Data , Prepare for Analysis Dr. Prem Prakash SHARMA M.Sc (Stat); P.S.C.C; Ph.D (Statistics) Associate Professor (Biostatistics) Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine (CMFM) Lecture on 17.02.2022 (12pm -1pm)

2. What is Data ? What do we mean by DATA ? Why Do we use it ? How it is collected ?

3. Data is every where . It is a collection of facts There are two types of data Qualitative Data – Used to categorize something Quantitative Data – referring a numerical value Response to treatment, Pain severity Gender Male /Female Blood group (A, B, AB, O) Height , Weight, Blood Pressure , Haemoglobin Level

4. Qualitative Data – It is a count and involves a whole number Nominal Data Ordinal Data Response to treatment:- Unimproved, Improved, Much improved Pain severity :- No pain, Slight pain, Moderate pain, Severe pain Gender M/F,    Blood group (A, B, A M/F,     Blood group (A, B, AB, O)    Ethnic group gender B, O) §     Ethnic group

5. Quantitative Data – It takes a numerical value Discrete Data – Takes Whole Numbers only Continuous Data - It can take any value in the possible range including the fractional values nic group Number of child ren in a family, Number of children in the class , Height, Weight etc

6. So Why do we use data ? Data can be used to answer a question Does the students who spend more time on social media have poor grades ? Does cleaning the hands with soap before taking food reduce the infection ? Examples :

7. How do we collect data ? Primary Source Secondary Source Data collected by Researchers through Interviews , Case Studies, Questionnaires, Data already exists –Official Statistics, Hospital Records, Internet , Govt. Data like Census, NFHS data

8. Collection of data Transfer the data into computer software for further analysis There are many software for entering the data in computer EXCEL, EPIINFO, SPSS, ……..

9. Data Preparation for Analysis Data preparation for analysis should follow the following steps : Data Validation command should be applied to avoid wrong enteries >>> Entering the data in analysis tools : Create Variables Define the name of the variable - Should be short and understandable Define type of data >>>> Number , Text , Date, Percentage ……. Width of data : for text – Number of Characters For Number - Total Width with decimals For Date > Format Percentage - Define decimals places

10. Data Coding Income groups : Lower Income group -1 Middle Income group -2 High Income group -3 Gender : Male -1 Female -2 Coding plan For Example :

11. Data Cleansing Cleansing of the data ensures that the data set can provide valid results when the data is analysed. Different types of problems may arise while doing cleansing the data, there could be Missing Values Outliers /Out of Range Values Blank or missing values Meaningless Values

12. After Data proper data entry> data coding >Cleansing Proceed for analysis by any Statistical Software

13. Data Prepare for Analysis

14. Basic features of EXCEL ( Ex cellence through C ommitment to E ducation and L earning) Microsoft EXCEL has basic features of a spreadsheet. The cells are arranged in numbered Rows and Columns. EXCEL can be used for Mathematical Operations. Pivot tables can be developed from the Data . Can display data graphically with the help of different types of graphs. It has mathematical and Statistical functions which are useful in Medical Research.

15. Different ribbons of EXCEL File Home Insert Page Layout Formula Data Review View New Type of data Open Type of Font used Save Size of the font Save as Alignment of text/data Left / Centre / Right Print Cut / Copy/ Paste Share Export Wrap of text Export Type of Font used Close Merging of the cells

16. How to create variables for our study. Creation of new variables in EXCEL Try to define the variable name in short . Use underscores if the variable name is lengthy. One row of data for One patient should be there . Try to give numerical codes to the variables before being entered.

17. Type of variables to be defined Type of variables to be defined while creation of the variables, for type of variables Go to HOME → Number → General Number Date Time Percentage Fraction

18. Inserting new Cell /Variable/ Delete cell Insert new cell / new variable GO to HOME >>> >Go to Insert cell Inserting Symbol :- Go to Insert >> >>> Symbol

19. Format a cell Changing the Width of a Row Changing the Width of a Column Hide and unhide of a row or a column

20. Check Command while entering the data GO to “ DATA” >>> >>> Data Validation >>> >>> Data Validation > Data Validation >Circle Invalid Data Entry > Clear Validation >>>> Circle Invalid data entry >>> Clear Validation Data Validation > Settings >Input message > Error Alert >>>> Circle Invalid data entry >>> Clear Validation >>>

21. How to EDIT a data Difficulty in correction is found > Check the type of data Copy Cut Paste Merging of cells

22. Entering the data by using Formula Types of Common formula used for data entry: Sum of two variables Multiplication of a variable with a constant Division of one variable with another variable Square of any given variable Square root of any value of a variable

23. Changing the view Go to View >>> Normal ( row and columns are shown) Page break ( It will show page breaks) Page layout ( it will show the Page size, Row Number, Header space and Footer space Show or not to show Grid Lines in the worksheet Show or not to show formula bar in the worksheet Show or not to show column headings

24. Statistical Formulas Count Numbers. Minimum and Maximum of data How to get Sum. How to get Average. How to get Median . Sorting the data . Go to >>>>Data>> Sort>> then define Filtering the data : Go to Filter >>> ( Select the variables or all or select one variable which need to filtered)

25. Creating the Graphs

26. Graphical Presentations of Frequency Distributions Bar Graph ( with one or more than one variable) Line diagram Pie Charts Stem and Leaf Plot Scatter Graph or DOT diagram A frequency distribution can be presented graphically in one of the following ways .

27. Example: Bar Graph with one variable Type of patients in the Emergency ward during Nov-2021 526 How to construct it>>>>>>

28. Title

29. Thank You