03.04.2024 basic building comps and rep.pptx

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1. Walls can be classified in various ways based on different criteria such as their construction materials, structural function, location within a building, or their intended purpose.

2. 1. Based on Construction Materials: - Brick Walls: Constructed using bricks bonded together with mortar. - Concrete Walls: Made of concrete, either cast-in-place or precast panels. - Stone Walls: Built with natural or manufactured stone blocks or veneers. - Timber Walls: Constructed using timber studs, sheathing, and finishes. - Metal Walls: Fabricated from metal panels, sheets, or framing members, often used in modern and industrial designs. - Glass Walls: Made primarily of glass panels or curtain walls, allowing natural light and views.

3. 2. Based on Structural Function: - Load-Bearing Walls: Support the weight of the structure above them and transfer it to the foundation. - Non-Load-Bearing Walls: Do not carry any structural load and are used primarily to divide spaces or provide enclosure. - Shear Walls: Resist lateral forces such as wind or seismic loads and provide stability to the building. - Retaining Walls: Hold back soil or other materials and prevent erosion on sloped terrain. - Partition Walls: Lightweight walls used to divide interior spaces into rooms or compartments, typically non-load-bearing.

4. 3. Based on Location within a Building: - Exterior Walls: Enclose the building envelope and protect the interior from the external environment. - Interior Walls: Divide the interior space of a building into rooms, corridors, and other functional areas. - Party Walls: Shared walls between adjoining buildings or units, often found in multi-family residential or commercial structures.

5. 4. Based on Intended Purpose: - Privacy Walls: Provide separation and privacy between different rooms or areas within a building. - Soundproof Walls: Designed to minimize sound transmission between adjacent spaces, commonly used in theaters, recording studios, or residential units. - Security Walls: Reinforced or barrier walls used to deter unauthorized access and enhance security, such as perimeter walls or fences.

6. - Fire-rated Walls: Walls with fire-resistant materials or assemblies designed to prevent the spread of fire between compartments or floors.

7. 5. Based on Aesthetic or Architectural Design: - Feature Walls: Design-focused walls that serve as focal points within a space, often embellished with decorative finishes, textures, or artwork. - Living Walls: Vertical gardens or green walls that incorporate living plants to improve indoor air quality, aesthetics, and biophilic connections. - Transparent Walls: Walls primarily composed of glass or other transparent materials, allowing visual connections between interior and exterior spaces. These classifications provide a framework for understanding the different types of walls used in architectural design, each serving specific functions and contributing to the overall performance and aesthetics of a building.

8. Retaining walls

9. 1. Based on Design and Operation: Swinging Doors: These doors are hinged on one side and swing open and closed on a vertical axis. They can swing inwards, outwards, or both depending on the hinge placement. Sliding Doors: Sliding doors operate by sliding horizontally along a track. They are space-saving and commonly used for closets, patio doors, and room dividers. Folding Doors: Folding doors, also known as accordion or bi-fold doors, consist of multiple panels hinged together. They fold open and closed in a concertina-like manner, allowing for wide openings and maximizing space utilization. Revolving Doors: Revolving doors consist of several door panels mounted on a central pivot. They rotate around a central axis, allowing for continuous entry and exit without letting in drafts or air pressure changes. Pivot Doors: Pivot doors rotate on a central pivot point rather than being hinged on one side. They offer a modern and minimalist aesthetic and can be designed to pivot at the top, bottom, or center.

10. 2. Based on Materials: Wooden Doors: Wooden doors are made of solid wood or engineered wood products such as plywood or MDF. They are popular for their natural beauty, warmth, and versatility in design. Metal Doors: Metal doors are constructed from steel, aluminum, or other metal alloys. They are durable, secure, and resistant to fire, corrosion, and impact, making them suitable for commercial and industrial applications. Glass Doors: Glass doors feature glass panels supported by frames made of metal, wood, or other materials. They provide transparency, natural light, and visual connectivity between spaces, enhancing interior aesthetics and spatial flow. Fiberglass Doors: Fiberglass doors are composed of reinforced fiberglass materials. They offer excellent insulation, durability, and resistance to moisture, warping, and rotting, making them ideal for exterior applications. Composite Doors: Composite doors combine different materials such as wood, fiberglass, and PVC. They offer the benefits of each material, including strength, durability, and low maintenance.

11. 3. Based on Location and Function: Exterior Doors: Exterior doors provide access between the interior and exterior of a building. They are designed to withstand weather elements, provide security, and enhance curb appeal. Interior Doors: Interior doors separate rooms, corridors, and other interior spaces within a building. They come in various styles and designs to complement the overall interior décor and architectural style. Fire-Rated Doors: Fire-rated doors are specially designed to resist the spread of fire and smoke. They are used in fire-rated walls and compartments to protect occupants and property in the event of a fire. Soundproof Doors: Soundproof doors are engineered to minimize sound transmission between rooms or spaces. They are commonly used in recording studios, theaters, and sound-sensitive areas to maintain privacy and acoustic isolation.