06. Florence Nightingale theory 27.1.pdf

Florence Nightingale

1. Theory of Florence
Nightingale
Parveen

2. Origins of Nightingale’s Theory for Nursing Practice:
Florence Nightingale was a prolific writer. She lived
from 1820 to 1910 in Victorian England
They contain philosophical assumptions and beliefs
regarding all elements found in the metaparadigm of
nursing.
In 1859, she was the first to conceptualize nursing’s work into a theoretical framework. She was credited with founding the practice of nursing.

3. Florence Nightingale
Born in Florence in 1820 First helped a sick dog with a broken leg Loved her dolls One day she visited a hospital THIS CHANGED HER LIFE Parents did not want her to become a nurse. She studied medicine books herself for years She was 30 when her parents let her go to Germany
and Paris to study nursing

4. Hospitals in 1830’s Often people who went
into hospital died
They were Dirty Badly run Nurses didn’t know what to
do

5. Relevance to Nursing Today
Florence Nightingale developed a body of nursing
knowledge clearly expressed in the 79 pages of Notes
on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not (Nightingale,
1969).
A 221 page second edition (Nightingale, 1992) was intended for the professional nurse, and is relevant to nurses today who are searching for wisdom on her
perspectives on illness, the person, their environment,
and holistic nursing.

6. Crimean War
Broke out when Florence 34
was years old
War Russia v Turkey(Britain and France) Reports were coming through about terrible conditions in hospitals

7. She got to work
Scrubbed the floors Cleaned the wards Washed the bedclothes Made the men comfortable

8. •In the night she carried a
lamp so she was called
“The Lady with the Lamp”
•Soldiers kissed her
shadow

9. Letter from Queen Victoria
Thanking “Miss Nightingale
and her ladies” for all their
hard work

10. She was given a
diamond brooch with
‘Blessed are the
merciful’ engraved on it

11. Relevant to Nursing
Organization:
Florence Nightingale
provided a professional
model for nursing
organization in Britain
that spread across much
of the world.
She emphasized
subservience to doctors,
allowing nursing to gain
a foothold within a
hospital.
Her plan was that nurse training would not threaten the status of the doctors, but crucially that they
should accept the
disciplinary authority
and the new hierarchy
of nurses within the
hospital.

12. Relevance to Nursing Education:
The idea that nursing
required specific
education was
revolutionary in 19
th
-
century England.
Nightingale’s nursing education emphasized the need to blend a mixture of theoretical and clinical experiences.
Schools of nursing
were established on her
model throughout the
world.
They emphasized the moral qualities of nursing and introduced
humanitarian, patient-
centered values that are
still relevant today.

13. Individual Relevance of
Florence Nightingale:
She was empowered
through her personal
philosophy, which was
deeply spiritual and at the
same time fundamentally
practical and related to
everyday life. She was a systematic thinker and passionate statistician, using bar and pie charts, highlighting key points.
Besides “getting the science right”, Florence Nightingale made it comprehensible
to lay people,
especially the
politicians and
senior civil
servants who made
and administered
the laws.

14. Relevant to Nursing Knowledge:
The body of knowledge left by Florence
Nightingale includes an environmental
adaptation theory, which is entirely relevant to
the modern setting.
Regardless of whether the environment is high tech, the “nurse remains responsible for altering the environment to
improve it for the benefit of
the client”

15. Assumptions of Florence
Nightingale’s Theory:
Natural laws Mankind can achieve perfection Nursing is an art and a science Nursing is achieved through environmental alteration Nursing requires a specific educational base Nursing is distinct and separate from medicine

16. The Environmental
Adaptation Concepts:
Florence Nightingale’s original
theory for nursing practice was
holistic. Her concepts included human/individual, society/environment, health/disease and nursing. She focused more on physical factors than on psychological needs of patients because of the nature of nursing practice during her time.
Six D’s of Dys-ease:
Dirt
Drink (need clean
drinking water)
Diet
Damp
Draughts (Drafts)
Drains (need proper
drainage and sewer
systems)

17. A Comparison of Nightingale’s
Canons and Modern-Practice:
Nightingale’s Canons: Modern Concepts: Ventilation and warming Physical environment
Light, Noise
Cleanliness of rooms/walls
Health of houses
Bed and bedding
Personal cleanliness
Variety Psychological environment
Chattering hopes and advices
Taking food. What food? Nutritional status
Petty management/observation Nursing care planning and
management

18. Origin of Nightingale’s
Environmental Concepts:
Nightingale believed that the environment could be
altered to improve conditions so that the natural
laws would allow healing to occur. This grew from empirical observation that poor or difficult environments led to poor health and disease. In her Crimean experience, filth, inadequate nutrition, dirty water, and inappropriate sewage disposal led to a situation in which more British soldiers died in the hospital than of battlefield wounds.

19. Concepts of Nursing:
The goal of nursing is to place the patient
in the best possible condition for nature to act.
Health nursing, or general nursing are those
activities that promote health (as outlined in
canons) which occur in any care giving
situation.
Health is “not only to be well, but to be able to
use well every power we have ”

20. The Holistic Person Model:

21. Nightingale’s Model for Nursing
Practice:

22. Many Other Theories Use
Nightingale’s Holistic Concept:
Neuman’s Systems Model Roy’s Adaptation Model Levine’s Conservation Theory Modeling and Role Modeling
(MRM) Theory
The listed theories differ in environmental
influences and other aspects of nursing, but
share holistic concepts.

23. Research Article:
Shades of Florence Nightingale: Potential impact
of noise stress on wound healing was chosen.
This article examines the potential effects of noise
stress on wound healing.
It explains theoretical linkages between the normal
processes of wound healing, endocrine aspects of
the stress response, and the effects of stress
hormones on the biological function of leukocytes
involved in wound healing.
The effects of noise on patient sleep and cognitive function are well-documented.

24. Research Findings:
Exposure to increased or novel environmental
noise has been shown to elicit neuroendocrine
changes indicative of the stress response.
They are associated with alterations in the
biological functions of cells involved in wound
healing.

25. Research Conclusions:
Recovery rate of patients would be
greatly enhanced by reduction of
noise stress.
If, as Nightingale stated, the
patients are to be put in the best
condition for nature to act on them,
it is the responsibility of nurses to
reduce noise, to relieve patients’
anxieties, and to help them sleep.

26. In Nursing Today:
Nurses old and young have
been influenced by
Florence Nightingale’s
Theories.
Environmental Adaptation remains the basis of our holistic nursing care.

27. Florence Nightingale
• Died in 1910, age 90
• Until recently her
picture was on British
£10 note
• There is a museum in
London which
celebrates her life and
work

28. Reference List:
McCarthy D, Ouimen M, Daun J. (1991) Shades of Florence
Nightingale: Potential impact of noise stress on wound healing. Holistic Nursing Practice
. 5(4) 39-48
McDonald, L. (2001). Florence Nightingale and the early origins of
evidence-based nursing, EBN Notebook 4(3), 68-9
Watson J. (1998), Florence Nightingale and the enduring legacy of
Transpersonal Human Caring.
Journal of Holistic Nursing
, 16(2), 292-294
Attewell, A. (1998) Florence Nightingale’s relevance to nurses.
Journal of Holistic Nursing
, 16 (2), 281-291
Selanders, L. (1998) The power of environmental adaptation. Journal
of Holistic Nursing, 16,(2) 247-263
Nightingale, F. (19690.
Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is
not
. New York: Dover. (original work published 1860)