1.-BOSH-UNIT-2-mechs Element-2.1-HIIH.pdf

Bosh training manual

1. ACTSAFE, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL CORP.
DOLE Accreditation No. 1030-030320-121
1
Module 8: Fire Safety

2. ACTSAFE,
HEALTH &
ENVIRONMENT
AL CORP.
DOLE
Accreditation No.
1030-030320-
121
Element 2: Health
Hazards
Element 2.1:
Industrial Hygiene-
Health Hazards
Identification
2

3. Course
Objectives
3
Discuss
Discuss the GHS Salient feautre & safety data
sheet (SDS).
Explain
Explain the GHS Pictogram and GHS
Compliant label.
Identify
Identify route of exposure chemicals to the
body.
ExplainExplain health hazards in confined space.
Discuss
Discuss the types of health hazards in the
workplace.
Define Define industrial hygiene and health hazards.

4. Industrial
hygiene
Isthescienceofanticipating,
recognizing,evaluating,andcontrolling
workplaceconditionsthatmaycause
workers'injuryorillness.
Healthhazardisaconditionofa
premises,asubstance,thing,plantor
animalotherthanman,orasolid,liquid,
gasorcombinationofanyofthem,that
hasorthatislikelytohaveanadverse
effectonthehealthofanyperson.
4

5. Types of
Health
Hazards
5
Chemical
Biological
Physical Health
Ergonomics
Psychosocial

6. A. Chemical
Hazards
A chemical hazard is a type of
occupational hazard caused by
exposure to chemicals in the
workplace.
Exposure to chemicals in the
workplace can cause acute or long-
term detrimental health effects.

7. Route of Entry
of Chemicals
7

8. Classification of chemicals hazardous to health
by nature of Exposure:
Chemicals Form Hazardous to
Health
Solvents Vapors
Heavy Metals Fumes
Acids Mist
Gases Gas
Dust Fiber/Particulate

9. Organic Solvents
•Carbon-based substances capable
of dissolving or dispersing one or
more other substances.
•Used to dissolve materials like
resins and plastics.
9

10. Occupation/Workers
at Risk of Exposure to
Solvents:
11
Those involved in handling and using paints, varnishes,
lacquers, adhesives, glues, and in degreasing and
cleaning agents.
Production workers of dyes, polymers, plastics, textiles,
printing inks, agricultural products, and
pharmaceuticals.
Production of cosmetics products.
Gum powder production.
Photography, Printing of magazine and food packaging
and label.

11. Example of
Solvents
12

12. Gases
Gases are formless fluids that expand to
occupy the space or enclosure in which they
are confined.
Examples are acetylene, nitrogen, helium,
and argon; and carbon monoxide generated
from the operation of internal combustion
engines or by its use as a reducing gas in a
heat-treating operation
15

13. Example of Gases and
Occupation/Workers Exposed
1
6
A. Pressurized gases
Gases in their compressed state,
particularly compressed air, steam, natural
gas and liquid petroleum gas (LPG).

14. Gases Nature of ExposureOccupationalExposure
Carbon MonoxideInhalation Tobacco smoke from second hand smoker.
Operating small engine tools/equipment by
gasoline, traffic enforcer, street sweeper, driver
and conductor.
Formaldehyde Inhalation, skin
contact
Embalmer, beautician, manufacturing of resins
and foam.
Ammonia Inhalation, Ingestion,
Skin contact
Agricultural workers, Miners, petroleum refinery,
workers on commercial refrigerant, Industrial
workers form rubber and fertilizers plant.
Example of Gases
17

15. •weldingandflamecutting
•breathing(diving,emergencyrescue)
•medicalandlaboratoryuse
•extinguishingfires
•heatingandcooking(LPG)
•watertreatment
Occupation/Workers Exposed
18

16. Example of
confined
spaces
B. Confined Spaces
Confined space is a space that is
1.large enough and configured
so an employee can enter and
perform assigned work
2.has limited or restricted means
for entry or exit and
3.is not designed for continuous
employee occupancy.
19

17. Major Hazards Within Confined Spaces
•Oxygen-deficientatmosphere
•Purging agents such as
nitrogen and argon.
•Electricalshockhazards
•Poorillumination
•Heatexhaustion
•Toxicatmosphere
20

18. Example of
Heavy Metals
in the
workplace
Heavy
Metals
Route of
Entry
Workers/industry
Exposed
Mercury Ingestion, skin
contact,
Fluorescent light bulb
(CFL) recycling facilities,
Chemical processing
plants.
Cadmium Inhalation,
ingestion, skin
contact
industries and
manufacturing of some
batteries and solar cells,
electroplating, and silver
soldering.

19. Dust and Particulate
Particulates include dusts, fibers, mists and fumes.
Nature of Exposure
Particulate matter enters the body through the nose
and mouth during breathing.
PM 10 (10 micrometers) are eliminated through
coughing, sneezing and swallowing
PM2.5 particles are able to invade deep into our
respiratory tract into the lungs and may be deposited
into the lungs due to small size and density.
Soluble components enter systemic circulation leading
to increase in systemic oxidative stress and
inflammation.
25

20. Occupation
at risk of
exposure
to Dust
mining, quarrying, tunneling, stone masonry,
construction
foundries and other metallurgical processes
any process using abrasive blasting
manufacture of glass and ceramics
handling of powdered chemicals
agricultural work
Food processing

21. Example of Dust
Dust/ParticulateRoute of Entry Workers/industry Exposed
Asbestos Inhalation and skin
contact
Insulation and plumbing works, mining and
ship building workers, firefighting and vehicle
maintenance
Silica Inhalation, foundry work and hydraulic fracturing,
abrasive blasting and grinding drilling in
concrete, brick manufacturing.

22. Acid
•Corrosives materials that can
attack and chemically destroy
exposed body tissues.
•Corrosives can also damage or
even destroy metal.
•Most corrosives are either acids
or bases.
•Sulfuric acid and caustic soda
28

23. Nature of
Exposure to
Acid
•Inhalation
•Ingestion
•Direct skin contact
29

24. Workers at risk of
exposure to
Acid
•Factory workers in plants that
produce nitric acid.
•Factory workers in plants that
manufacture explosives.
•Mechanics who handle dirty
batteries.
•Workers in publishing, printing
or photography shops.
30

25. II. Biological Hazards
32
•Include bacteria, viruses, fungi,
and other living organisms that
can cause acute and chronic
infections by entering the body
either directly or through
breaks in the skin.

26. II. Biological
Hazards
33
Bacteria
Bacteria are simple single-celled
organisms.

27. II.
Biological
Hazards
34
Viruses
Viruses are micro-organisms but are not
strictly alive.
Protozoa
Protozoa are a very large and diverse group
of single-celled organisms that all have a
cell nucleus.

28. Occupation
at Risk of
Exposure
•doctors, surgeons, nurses and
ancillary staff, such as hospital
porters.
•Dentist and laboratory staff.
•Farm workers, Vets, Zoo workers,
Pet shop workers and Sewage
workers.

29. III. Physical Health
Hazards
•Physical hazards include
excessive levels of ionizing
and nonionizing
electromagnetic radiation,
noise, vibration, illumination,
abnormal pressure and
temperature.

30. A. Radiation
Radiation is energy that is emitted by a
source.
Types of Radiation
•IONIZING RADIATION
•NON-IONISING RADIATION

31. Types of
Ionising
Radiation
•Alpha particles –They do not have much
penetrating power and are stopped by thin
material such as paper and the dead layer of
cells on the surface of the skin.
•Beta particles –They have more penetrating
power and can penetrate through the skin
into living tissues. Considered hazardous
when outside the body.
•X-rays –They have high penetrating power
and can pass right through the human body
(though not through dense bone tissue).
Considered very hazardous.

32. Types of
Ionising
Radiation
•Gamma-rays –They have very high
penetrating power and can pass right
through the human body (even the bones)
and through solid objects such as steel and
concrete to a degree. Considered very
hazardous.
•Neutrons-They have very high penetrating
power and can penetrate through the body.
Considered very hazardous.

33. Workers at
Risk of
Exposure to
Ionizing
Hazards
•Healthcare and veterinary workers.
•Caring for patients who have been
treated with Iodine-131 or other nuclear
medicine radioactive materials, Assisting
with fluoroscopy procedures.
•Certain industrial and laboratory workers
•Aircrew (flight attendants and pilots)

34. Types of
Non-Ionising
Radiation
41
Ultra-violet (UV)
Visible light
Infra-red (IR)
Microwaves
Radiowaves

35. Workers at
Risk of
Exposure to
Non-ionizing
Hazards
•Many workers are exposed to common
sources of nonionizing radiation at work
such as used of Microwave ovens,
computer screens, and cell phones.
•Some healthcare workers

36. B. Noise
Noise is measured in units of sound pressure
levels called decibels, named after Alexander
Graham Bell, using A-weighted sound levels
(dBA).
43

37. Occupations may
be at Risk from
Excessive Noise
Exposure
44
Entertainment-sector workers
Manufacturing-sector workers –exposed to industrial
machinery noise.
Call-centre staff –exposed to loud nose and acoustic
shock from the use of headset.
Traffic Enforcer
Street sweepers
Airport personnel (ground crew)

38. C. Vibration
Vibrationis the mechanical oscillations of an object
about an equilibrium point.
Vibration enters the body from the organ in contact
with vibrating equipment.
Hand-arm Vibration Whole Body Vibration

39. Occupation/Workers
at Risk
•Drivers of forklift trucks.
•Operators of heavy machines.
•Aircraft personnel.
•Estates workers –using powered lawnmowers
and brush cutters.
•Mechanics and body shop workers –using
powered tools such as orbital sanders and torque
wrenches.
•Drivers of heavy vehicles-tractors and earth-
moving vehicles.

40. D. Illumination
Defined as the intensity of light per unit
area.
Illumination level is the quantity of light
that illuminates a surface; measured in
foot candles or in lux.
Glare -as any brightness within the field
of vision that may cause discomfort,
annoyance, interference with vision, or
eye fatigue.

41. D. Illumination
48
Source of Light
Natural
Artificial
Types of lightening
Local lighting
Localized lighting
General lighting

42. Workers at
Risk of Poor
Illumination
Hazards in the
Workplace
49
Those workers working in direct
sunlight (outdoor).
poor lightning areas/site.
Entertainer (nightclub).
Security guard (nightshift).

43. E. Temperature
and Humidity
50
Heat stress may be experienced by
workers exposed to excessive heat
arising from work.
Workers at risk of heat stress include
outdoor workers and workers in hot
environments such as firefighters,
bakery workers, farmers,
construction workers, miners, boiler
room workers, factory workers.

44. E. Temperature and
Humidity
•Cold stress occurs by driving down the skin
temperature, and eventually the internal body
temperature.
Workers at risk
•Outdoor work (agriculture, maintenance), Sea fishing,
shipping, Oil rigs, Deep freeze stores, cold rooms &
Diving (diver).
51

45. IV.
Ergonomics
•The science of ergonomics studies and
evaluates a full range of tasks including, but
not limited to, lifting, holding, pushing, and
reaching.
Ergonomics & Risk Factors
•Risk factors inherent in the worker
•Risk factors inherent in the task
•Risk factors inherent in the environment

46. Who is at
risk?
•repeat the same motion often throughout
their workday.
•do their work in an awkward position.
•use a great deal of force to perform their
jobs.
•repeatedly lift heavy objects.
•face a combination of these risk factors.

47. Psychosocial hazards
•Formed when pressures in the workplace combine with problems in an
employee’s private life, threatening the employee’s ability to meet his or
her needs, psychosocial hazards develop.
•The hazards may be manifested in a variety of ways, including physical,
mental and emotional issues, and they can spill over into the potential for
physical harm.
•Work Culture
•Leadership
•Working Conditions
•Labor Relations
•Bullying
54

48. Health Hazards
Identification
Ways to identify health hazards in the
workplace
Walk around
Observation
Actively engage
Review records
Safety inspection

49. Chemical
Safety
SDS

50. 9. Physical and chemical
properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological
information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal
considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
including information on
preparation and revision of
the SDS
SDS Content
1.Identification of the
substance or mixture and
of the supplier
2. Hazards identification
3.
Composition/information
on ingredients
4. First aid measures
5. Firefighting measures
6. Accidental release
measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure
controls/personal
protection

51. ACTSAFE, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL CORP.
Version 1

52. GHS Hazards
Classification
Physical Hazards
Health Hazards
Environmental Hazards

53. GHS
Pictogram

54. Example of GHS
Formatted Label

55. Workshop on
Hazards
Identification
•Participants will be given a separate HIRAC
Worksheet.
•A video/photo of the process will be shown,
and the participants will identified the health
hazards.

57. dust
Lung irritation

58. Summary
•Industrial hygiene is the science of protecting
and enhancing the health and safety of
people at work and in their communities.
•Those dedicated to anticipating, recognizing,
evaluating and controlling those hazards are
known as Industrial Hygienists .
•Safety Officer primary duties is to conduct
health hazards identification in the
workplace.
•Health hazards in the workplace are
classified into chemical, biological, physical
and ergonomics.
•SDS provide information on the hazardous
substances.

59. Conclusion
•Industrial hygienists are trained to
anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and
recommend controls for environmental
and physical hazards that can affect the
health and well-being of workers.

60. Maraming Salamat Po