1. Concept of Centres of Origin, their importance with reference to Vavilov’s work.pdf

Concept of Centres of Origin, their importance with reference to Vavilov’s work

1. CENTRES OF ORIGIN
OF
CULTIVATED PLANTS
By
Hem Chander
AssistantProfessor (Botany)
CareerPoint University Hamirpur(HP) 176041
[email protected]

2. Centre of Origin of a Plant
The centre of origin is a geographical area where
the particular plant (either domesticated or wild) the particular plant (either domesticated or wild)
first originated/reported on earth

3. Importance of Center of Origin
•Tolocatewildrelatives,relatedspeciesandnewgenes
•Toavoidgeneticerosion,thelossofgermplasmduetothe
lossofecotypesandhabitat
•

4. Vavilov’swork
1.TheRussianscientistNikolaiIvanovichVavilovandhiscolleaguesvisitedseveralcountries
andcollectedalargenumberofcropplantsandtheirwildrelatives
2.InitiallyVavilov(1926)gavetheconceptofcentreofdiversity.Hedefinedthecentreof
diversityasacentreofdomesticationofaparticularcrop.
3.Twotypesofcentresofdiversityexist–PrimarycentreofdiversityandSecondarycentreof3.Twotypesofcentresofdiversityexist–PrimarycentreofdiversityandSecondarycentreof
diversity.
4.Primarycentreistheregion/regionsfromwhereaparticularcroporiginatedandwherethe
maximumdiversityofthatcropispresent.
5.Secondarycentreistheregiontowhichtheparticularcropisintroducedanddomesticated.
6.Heconsideredthatgreatcentresoforiginwerealwayslocatedinlowermountainsandhills
oftropical,sub-tropicalregions.

5. Vavilov'scenters of origin
1.Chinese centre
2.Himalayan centre
3.Mediterranean centre
4.Abyssinian centre
5.Central Asian centre
6.Asia minor centre
7.Central American centre
8.South American centre

7. 1. Chinese centre
1.Itisconsideredtobeoneoftheearliestandlargest
independentcentresoforiginofcultivatedplants.
2.Thiscentreincludesmountainregionsofcentraland2.Thiscentreincludesmountainregionsofcentraland
westernChina.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthis
centreincludeSoyabean,radish,Turnip,Pear,
Peach,Plum,Colacasia,Buckwheat,opiumpoppy,
brinjal,apricots,oranges,chinateaetc.

8. 2. Himalayan centre
1.ItalsoknownastheIndiancentreoforigin.
2.ThiscentreincludesregionsofAssam,Burma,Indo-china
andMalayanArchipelago.
3.TheendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentreincludeRice,3.TheendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentreincludeRice,
redgram,chickpea,cowpea,Mungdal,brinjal,
cucumber,sugarcane,blackpepper,Mothbean,rice
bean,cotton,turmeric,indigo,milletsetc.

9. 3. Mediterranean centre
1.ThiscentreincludesbordersofMediterraneanSea.
2.Mostofthecultivatedvegetableshavetheiroriginin
thisregion.
3.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentreinclude3.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentreinclude
Durumwheat,emmerwheat,oat,barley,lentil,pea,
grasspea,broadbean,cabbage,asparagus,pepper
mintetc.

10. 4. Abyssinian centre
1.ThisregionincludesEthiopiaandpartsofSomalia.
2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentreinclude
Wheat,sorghum,bajra,safflower,castor,broadWheat,sorghum,bajra,safflower,castor,broad
bean,okra,coffeeetc.

11. 5. Central Asian centre
1.Thiscentreincludesnorth-westIndia,
Afghanistan,UzbekistanandwesternChina.
2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentre2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentre
includeBreadwheat,clubwheat,sesame,
linseed,muskmelon,carrot,onion,garlic,
apricot,grape,hemp,cottonetc.

12. 6. Asia minor centre
1.ThiscentrecoversnearEastAsianregions
likeIranandTurkmenistan.
2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentre2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentre
includeWheat,rye,Pomegranate,Almond,
Fig,Cherry,Walnut,AlfaAlfa,Persianclover
etc.

13. 7. Central American centre
1.Thiscentreincludessouthernpartsof
Mexico,CostaRica,Guatemalaand
Hondurasregion.
2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentre
includeMaize,rajma,limabean,melon,
pumpkin,sweetpotato,arrowroot,chilly,
cotton,papaya,guava,avocadoetc.

14. 8. South American centre
1.ThiscentreincludesPeruvianregions,islands
ofsouthernChile,BrazilandParaguayregions.
2.Theendemicspecieslistedfromthiscentre
includePotato,sweetpotato,limabean,
tomato,papaya,tobacco,quinine,cassava,
rubber,Groundnut,Cocoa,pineappleetc.