1 Energy and Mineral ReDSDSDSsources.ppt

SDSDSD

1. Energy and Mineral Energy and Mineral
ResourcesResources
Chapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1

2. Renewable and Renewable and
Nonrenewable ResourcesNonrenewable Resources

A A renewable resourcerenewable resource can be replenished can be replenished
over fairly short time spans such as over fairly short time spans such as
months, years, or decadesmonths, years, or decades

Common examples are plants and animals Common examples are plants and animals
for food, natural fibers for clothing, and for food, natural fibers for clothing, and
trees for lumber and papertrees for lumber and paper

Energy from flowing water, wind, and the Energy from flowing water, wind, and the
sun are also renewable resourcessun are also renewable resources

A A nonrenewable resourcenonrenewable resource takes millions takes millions
of years to form and accumulateof years to form and accumulate

When the present supply of nonrenewable When the present supply of nonrenewable
resources run out, there won’t be any moreresources run out, there won’t be any more

Common examples are coal, oil, natural Common examples are coal, oil, natural
gas, iron, copper, uranium, and goldgas, iron, copper, uranium, and gold

3. Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels
Fossil Fuel – general term for any hydrocarbon
that may be used for fuel
Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas
Coal forms when heat and pressure transform
plant material over millions of years
Power plants primarily use coal to generate
electricity (using 70% of the coal mined)
Burning coal—much of which is high in sulfur—
creates air pollution problems
Petroleum (oil) and natural gas form from the
remains of plants and animals that were buried in
ancient seas
Over millions of years and continual sediment
build up, chemical reactions slowly transform
some of the organic remains into the liquid and
gaseous hydrocarbons we call petroleum and
natural gas

4. U.S. Coal FieldsU.S. Coal Fields

5. Oil TrapOil Trap

6. Tar Sands and Oil ShaleTar Sands and Oil Shale
Some energy experts believe that fuels derived
from tar sands and oil shales could become good
substitutes for dwindling petroleum supplies
Tar sands are usually mixtures of clay and sand
combined with water and varying amounts of a
black, thick tar called bitumen
The oil in tar sands is much more resistant to
flow and cannot be pumped out easily
Oil shale is a rock that contains a waxy mixture of
hydrocarbons called kerogen
Oil shale can be mined and heated to vaporize
the kerogen
The kerogen vapor is processed to remove
impurities, and then refined

7. Oil Shale in the Green Oil Shale in the Green
River FormationRiver Formation

8. Formation of Mineral DepositsFormation of Mineral Deposits
Ore – a material from which a useful mineral or
minerals can be mined at a profit
Geologists have established that the occurrences of
valuable mineral resources are closely related to Earth’s
rock cycle
Some of the most important mineral deposits form
through igneous processes and from hydrothermal
solutions
Igneous processes produce important deposits of
metallic minerals (gold, silver, copper, mercury, lead,
platinum, and nickel)
Most hydrothermal deposits form from hot, metal-rich
fluids that are left during the late stages of movement
and cooling of magma (gold, silver, etc…)
Placer deposits are formed when eroded heavy
minerals settle quickly from moving water while less
dense particles remain suspended and continue to
move (gold)

9. Hydrothermal SolutionsHydrothermal Solutions

11. Nonmetallic Mineral ResourcesNonmetallic Mineral Resources

Nonmetallic mineral resources are extracted and Nonmetallic mineral resources are extracted and
processed either for the nonmetallic elements processed either for the nonmetallic elements
they contain or for their physical and chemical they contain or for their physical and chemical
propertiesproperties

Nonmetallic mineral resources are divided into Nonmetallic mineral resources are divided into
two broad groups—building materials and two broad groups—building materials and
industrial materialsindustrial materials

Natural aggregate (crushed stone, sand, and Natural aggregate (crushed stone, sand, and
gravel), is an important material used in nearly all gravel), is an important material used in nearly all
building constructionbuilding construction

Some substances, like limestone, have many uses Some substances, like limestone, have many uses
in both construction and industry (cement, steel, in both construction and industry (cement, steel,
neutralizing acidic soils…)neutralizing acidic soils…)

Most industrial minerals are not nearly as Most industrial minerals are not nearly as
abundant as building materials, requiring abundant as building materials, requiring
considerable processing to extract the desired considerable processing to extract the desired
substance at the proper degree of puritysubstance at the proper degree of purity

13. U.S. per U.S. per
Capita use Capita use
of Mineral of Mineral
and and
Energy Energy
ResourcesResources

14. AssignmentAssignment

Read Ch. 4, Sect. 1 (pg. 94-101)Read Ch. 4, Sect. 1 (pg. 94-101)

Do Section 4.1 Assessment #1-8 (pg. Do Section 4.1 Assessment #1-8 (pg.
101)101)