1.engineering graphics- basics-engineering108.com

Engineering Graphics

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2. Engineering Graphics-Basics
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3. Overview of an
Engineering Drawing
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4. GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE
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5. 1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
The word languages are inadequatefor describing the
size, shapeand features completely as well as
concisely.
You can easily understand that …
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6. DRAWINGS
( A Graphical Representation)
The Fact about:
If compared with Verbal or Written Description,
Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of
any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time.
Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication
not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
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7. Graphic language in “engineering application” use
lines to represent the surfaces, edgesand contours
of objects.
A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or
computer methods.
Composition of Graphic Language
The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .
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8. Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
Example
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9. Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Example
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10. Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works etc.
Example
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11. Engineering
Drawing
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12. Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).
Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
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13. Basic Knowledge for Drafting
Graphics
language
Word
language
Line
types
Geometric
construction Lettering
Projection
method
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14. Drawing Standard
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15. Standardsare set of rules that govern how technical
drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
the same meaning to everyonewho reads them.
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16. ISO International Standards Organization
Standard Code
ANSIAmerican National Standard InstituteUSA
JIS Japanese Industrial StandardJapan
BS British StandardUK
AS Australian StandardAustralia
Deutsches Institut für NormungDINGermany
Country Code Full name
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17. Drawing Sheet
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
Standard sheet size
(JIS)
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
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18. Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow
SCALE 1:1for full size
SCALE X:1for enlargementscales
SCALE 1:Xfor reductionscales
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19. Basic Line Types
Types of Lines Appearance
Name according
to application
Continuous thick line Visible line
Continuous thin line Dimension line
Extension line
Leader line
Dash thick line Hidden line
Chain thin line Center line
NOTE: We will learn other types of line in later chapters.
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20. Visible linesrepresent features that can be seen in the
current view
Meaning of Lines
Hidden linesrepresent features that can not be seenin
the current view
Center linerepresents symmetry, path of motion, centers
of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts
Dimension and Extension linesindicate the sizes and
location of features on a drawing
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21. Example: Line conventions in engineering drawing
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22. Traditional
Drawing Tools
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23. DRAWING TOOLS
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24. 1. T-Square 2. Triangles
DRAWING TOOLS
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25. 3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils
2H or HB for thick line
4H for thin line
DRAWING TOOLS
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26. 5. Sandpaper 6. Compass
DRAWING TOOLS
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27. 7. Pencil Eraser8. Erasing Shield
DRAWING TOOLS
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28. 9. Circle Template10. Tissue paper
DRAWING TOOLS
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29. 11. Sharpener 12. Clean paper
DRAWING TOOLS
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30. Lettering
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31. Text on Drawings
Text on engineering drawing is used :
To communicate nongraphic information.
As a substitute for graphic information, in those instance
where text can communicate the needed information
more clearly and quickly.
Uniformity-size
-line thickness
Legibility-shape
-space between letters and words
Thus, it must be written with
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32. Example Placement of the text on drawing
Dimension & Notes
Notes
Title Block
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33. Lettering Standard
ANSI Standard This course
Use a Gothic text style,
either inclined or vertical.
Use all capital letters.
Use 3 mm for most
text height.
Space between lines
of text is at least 1/3
of text height.
Use only a vertical Gothic
text style.
Use both capital and
lower-case letters.
Same. For letters in title
block it is recommend to use
5~8 mm text height
N/A.
Follows ANSI rule.
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34. Stroke Sequence
I L T F
E H
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35. V X W
Stroke Sequence
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36. N M K Z
Y A
Stroke Sequence
4
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37. O Q C G
Stroke Sequence
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38. D U P B
R J
Stroke Sequence
1 2
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39. 5
Stroke Sequence
7
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40. 6
8 9
0
Stroke Sequence
S 3
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41. Stroke Sequence
l i
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42. Stroke Sequence
v w x k
z
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43. Stroke Sequence
j y f
r
t
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44. Stroke Sequence
c o a b
d p q e
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45. Stroke Sequence
g n m h
u s
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46. GOOD
Not uniform in style.
Not uniform in height.
Not uniformly vertical or inclined.
Not uniform in thickness of stroke.
Area between letters not uniform.
Area between words not uniform.
Example: Good and Poor Lettering
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47. Leave the space between words equal to the space
requires for writing a letter “O”.
Example
Sentence Composition
ALLDIMENSIONS AREIN
MILLIMETERS
O O O
OUNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.O
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48. 1.Place the little finger (or pencil’ s tip) at the center as a
pivot, and set the pencil point at the radius-distance from
the center.
2.Hold the hand in this position and rotate the paper.
Large Circle
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49. ♣The following figures illustrates the Aligned system of dimensioning:
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50. Engineering108.com

51. QUADRANT THEORYFRP/V.P.
HRP/ H.P.
FRONT
DIRECTION
X
Y
I
II
III
IV
FOUR QUADRANTS
TOP
DIRECTION
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52. X
Y
1
ST
Quad.
2
nd
Quad.
3
rd
Quad. 4
th
Quad.
X Y
VP
HP
Observer
THIS QUADRANT PATTERN,
IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION)
WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE,
IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY.
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53. ♣How to fold the A2 size drawing sheets for assignment work?
♥Mark 190 mm from the right edge of the drawing sheet. Mark 186 mm from the previous mark. Mark 20
mm from the left edge of the drawing sheet.
♥Mark 297 mm from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet on the reverse side.
♥Coincide the first fold with third fold to get second fold. Coincide the third fold with the border line which
is 20 mm to the right of left edge of drawing sheet to get fourth fold. Fifth and sixth folds are back folds.
♥All larger size drawing sheets i.e. A0, A1, A2 and A3 are folded to A4 size sheet.
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