1.-Introduction-report.pdf

This power point presentation talks about the introduction about Integrated Programming Technologies.

1. INTEGRATED PROGRAMMING
TECHNOLOGIES
Darwin Alvin I. Sunga

3. CHAPTER 01: Lesson 1
Darwin Alvin I. Sunga
Integrated Programming
(Overview)
TECHNOLOGIES

4. At the end of this chapter, the students should able to :
1. Learn what is
▪Integrated Programming Technologies
▪Overview of Inter System Communication
▪The Need for Integration
▪Models of Integration
▪Fundamental Challenges of Integration
▪Methods for Integration
▪Middleware and Integrative Architectures

5. TheInternetofThings(IoT)describesthenetwork
of physical objects—“things”—that are
embedded withsensors,software,andother
technologiesforthepurposeofconnectingand
exchangingdatawithotherdevicesandsystems
overtheinternet.
https://www.oracle.com/ph/internet-of-things/what-is-iot/

6. What is
Integrated
❑combiningorcoordinatingseparateelementssoastoprovidea
harmonious,interrelatedwhole
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/integrated
❑withtwoormorethingscombinedinordertobecomemoreeffective
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/integrated

7. 1

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Incomputing,integration(software)refersto
techniquesforcombiningexistingsoftware
componentstoformacompletesystem.
However,thesoftwareintegrationincludesatleastoneexisting
softwaresystem,developedinthepastwithnoplanforits
symmetricintegrationwithanothercomponentinthefuture.
Definition:

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Integrativeprogramming
dealswithanintegrationapproachesandtechniques
thatconnectdifferentcomponentsofITinfrastructure-
people,applications,platformsanddatabasesto
enableasecure,intraandinterapplication
collaboration.

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Integrativesolutions
enableanorganizationtointegratebusinessprocesses
internallyandexternallywithbusinesspartnerstocreate
dynamicenvironmentsthatsupportscurrentand
evolvingbusinessrequirements,therebycreatinga
globalorganization.

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Applicationintegration
assistsinunlimitedsharingofdataandbusinessprocesses
amonganyconnectedapplicationsordatasourcesin
withoutmakingmajorchangestotheapplicationsor
datastructures.

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Hence,integrationistheprocessofconnecting
multiple,independentlydevelopedapplications
usingincompatibletechnologiesintoasingle
organizationwidesystemwithinformation
flowingseamlesslyamong theintegrated
systemsorcomponents.

13. https://pdfcoffee.com/integrative-programming-and-technologies-chapter-1-pdf-free.html

14. Mostoftheapplicationsthatruninorganizations’
hardlyliveinisolation.
Whethertheregistrarapplicationmustinterfacewith
thefinanceapplication,thehuman resource
management applicationmustconnecttoeachother.
https://pdfcoffee.com/integrative-programming-and-technologies-chapter-1-pdf-free.html

15. https://pdfcoffee.com/integrative-programming-and-technologies-chapter-1-pdf-free.html

16. Integrationofmultiple,independentlydeveloped,managed
andmaintainedapplicationscomponents thatmay
normallyuseincompatibletechnologiesandheterogeneous
platformsenablestransmissionofinformationbetween
applications,automatesflowofdatabetweenapplications
thatmakeupthebusinessprocessflow.
https://pdfcoffee.com/integrative-programming-and-technologies-chapter-1-pdf-free.html
Itseemslikeanyapplicationcanbemadebetter
byintegratingitwithotherapplications.

17. 2
Overview
Inter-System Communication

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Inter-system communication isthe
communication between asetof
heterogeneoussystemsthatareintegrated
together.
(Theseintegratedsystemswhichputtogethermany
heterogeneoussetofsubsystemsandtheproducedobjects
areextremelydifferent,yetshouldcontributetothesame
process)

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❑Systemintegration
❑Functionalintegrationortechnologyintegration
❑Incrementalengineering
❑Modification
Softwareintegrationincludesoneormoreofthe
following.

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Systemintegration
Giventwoormoresystems,subsystemsorcomponents,
eachofwhichfunctionproperly.
Theproblemistointegratethemintoonelargersystem
satisfyingthecombinedrequirementswithinthenewly
formedenvironment.

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Functionalintegration
Givenasoftwaresystem,thismayhavebeen
functioningproperlyinthefieldforasignificantperiod.
Theproblemistointegrateanewfunctionoranew
technologywithinthesystem.Theintegratedsystem
shouldprovidethenewfunctionalityorusethenew
technology,whilepreservingtheoriginalsystem
functionality.
Technology Integration

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Incrementalengineering
Asoftwaresystemcanbedevelopedanddelivered
usingavailabletechnologiesandwithlessfunctionality
thanitisintendedtofinallyprovide.Newtechnologies
andormorefunctionsthencanbeintegratedwithin
thesystem.
Theproblemistodesignthesystemwithsuchfuture
integrationinmind.

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Modification
Sometimesanexistingandproperlyfunctioning
softwaresystemmustbedecomposed andintegrated
tocarryoutmodification

24. 3
The Need
Integration

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Mostoforganizationsconsistofmorethanone
department,runningdepartmentspecificapplications
andthoseapplicationsinteractwitheachotherto
achievetheoverallobjectiveoftheorganizations.
Informationsystemschangeovertimebygrowingintheir
size,incorporatingfunctionalityoftheexistingstandalone
systems.
Applicationsoriginallyintendedtooperateseparately,
lateronarerequiredtointeroperatewithothers.

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Someofthereasonsforintegrationarethefollowing;
✓Technologychangeaffectsalllayers;legacydoesnotgoawaysoeasily.
✓Thearchitectureoftheorganizationinformationsystemdependsonconstraints
relatedtothetechnologybutalsototheorganization.
✓Withinanenterprise,eachdepartmentmayhaveitsownITinfrastructure,systemsand
databaseswhicharemaintainedindependently.Integratingthemmaybringadditional
valuetothecompany.
✓IntegrationassistsinformationofZeroLatencyorganization-whenallfunctions
withintheorganizationworkwiththesameup-to-dateinformation,latencybetween
applicationsiseliminated/reduced.
✓Updatingandintegratingofapplicationsispossiblewheneverrequired.New
applicationscanbecreatedbyintegratingrealtimedatafromdifferentpartsofthe
enterprise

27. 4
Models
Integration

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Integrationmodeldefineshowapplicationswill
beintegratedbydefiningthenatureofand
mechanismsforintegration.
Someofthemethodsusedforapplication
integrationarediscussedinthefollowingsection.
Thesemodelsinclude;
❑Presentation integration model
❑Data integration model
❑Functional integration model

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Presentation integration model
allowstheintegrationofnewsoftwarethroughthe
existingpresentationsofthelegacysoftware.Thisis
typicallyusedtocreateanewuserinterfacebutmaybe
usedtointegratewithotherapplications

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Data integration model
allowstheintegrationofsoftwarethroughaccesstothe
datathatiscreated,managed andstoredbythe
softwaretypicallyforthepurposesofreusingor
synchronizingdataacrossapplications.

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Functional integration model
allowstheintegrationofsoftwareforthepurposeof
invokingexistingfunctionalityfromotherneworexisting
applications.Theintegrationisdonethroughinterfaces
tothesoftware.

32. 5
Fundamental Challenges
Integration
✓Network unreliability
✓Distributed systems
✓Slow networks
✓Heterogeneity
✓Modification complexity

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Tosupportcommon businessprocessesanddata
sharingacrossapplications,applicationsneedtobe
integrated.Applicationintegrationneedstoprovide
efficient,reliableandsecuredataexchange
betweenmultipleenterprisesapplications.
Challengesofintegrationspanfaracrossbusinessand
technicalissues.Allintegrationsolutionshavetodeal
withafewfundamentalchallenges:

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Network unreliability
Integrationsolutionshavetotransportdatafromonecomputer
toanotheracrossnetworks.Comparedtoaprocessrunningon
asinglecomputer,distributedcomputinghastobeprepared
todealwithamuchlargersetofpossibleproblems.Often
times,twosystemstobeintegratedareseparatedby
continentsanddatabetweenthemhastotravelthrough
phone-lines,LANsegments,routers,switches,publicnetworks,
andsatellitelinks.Eachofthesestepscancausedelaysor
interruptions.

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Distributed
intheworstcase,everyapplicationrunsonacompletely
separateenvironment,e.g.,databasestorageisnotshared
amongapplications.Message-basedcommunicationisthe
onlypossibilitytoexchangeinformation.

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Networks are slow
Sendingdataacrossanetworkismultipleordersofmagnitude
slowerthanmakingalocalmethodcall.Designingawidely
distributedsolutionthesamewayyouwouldapproachasingle
applicationcouldhavedisastrousperformanceimplications.

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Any two applications are different
Integrationsolutionsneedtotransmitinformationbetween
systemsthatusedifferentprogramminglanguages,operating
platforms,anddataformats.Anintegrationsolutionneedsto
beabletointerfacewithallthesedifferenttechnologies.

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Change is inevitable
Applicationschangeovertime.Anintegrationsolutionhasto
keeppacewithchangesintheapplicationsitconnects.
Integrationsolutionscaneasilygetcaughtinanavalanche
effectofchanges–ifonesystemchanges,allothersystems
maybeaffected.Anintegrationsolutionneedstominimizethe
dependenciesfromonesystemtoanother.

39. 6
Methods
Integration
✓File Transfer
✓Shared Database
✓Remote Procedure Invocation
✓Messaging

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Applicationintegrationisanintegrationframework
composedofacollectionoftechnologiesand
serviceswhichformamiddlewareor"middleware
framework"toenableintegrationofsystemsand
applicationsacrossorganizations.
✓File Transfer
✓Shared Database
✓Remote Procedure Invocation
✓Messaging
There are four methods used in application integration :

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File Transfer
Oneofthepossiblesolutionstoallowtheseapplicationstobeintegrated
isallowingeachapplicationproducefilescontaininginformationthat
otherapplicationsneedtoconsume.Integratorstaketheresponsibilityof
transformingfilesintodifferentformats.Producethefilesatregular
intervalsaccordingtothenatureofthebusiness,whichcanbeconsumed
orreadbyanotherfile.
Animportantdecisionwithfilesiswhatformattouse.Veryrarelywilltheoutputofone
applicationbeexactlywhat'sneededforanother,soyou'llhavetodoafairbitof
processingoffilesalongtheway.Notjustdoalltheapplicationsthatuseafilehaveto
readit,youalsohavetobeabletouseprocessingtoolsonit.

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Shared Database
Acommondatabasecanbeusedforintegratingapplications.Asingle
physicaldatabasecanbesharedbydifferentapplicationsrunningon
differentplatforms.Thismethodintegratesapplicationsbyhavingthem
storetheirdatainasingleshareddatabase.
Ifafamilyofintegratedapplicationsallrelyonthesamedatabase,thenwecanbe
prettysurethattheyarealwaysconsistentallofthetime.Ifwedogetsimultaneous
updatestoasinglepieceofdatafromdifferentsources,thenwehavetransaction
management systemsthathandlethataboutasgracefullyasitevercanbemanaged

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Remote Procedure Invocation
Thismethoddevelopseachapplicationwhichisrequiredtobeintegrated
asalarge-scaleobjectorcomponentwithencapsulateddata.Andit
providesaninterfacetoallowotherapplicationstointeractwiththe
runningapplication
RemoteProcedureInvocationappliestheprincipleofencapsulationtointegrating
applications.Ifanapplicationneedssomeinformationthatisownedbyanother
application,itasksthatapplicationdirectly.Ifoneapplicationneedstomodifythedata
ofanother,thenitdoessobymakingacalltotheotherapplication.Eachapplication
canmaintaintheintegrityofthedataitowns.Furthermore,eachapplicationcanalterits
internaldatawithouthavingeveryotherapplicationbeaffected.

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Messaging
Messagingallowsinteractionbetweenapplicationspossible.Message
passingcanbeusedtotransferpacketsofdatafrequently,immediately,
reliably,andasynchronously,orsynchronouslyusingcustomizableformats
In essence, a message is transmitted in five steps:
1)Create—the sender creates the message and populates it with data.
2)Send —the sender adds the message to a channel.
3)Deliver —the messaging system moves the message from the sender’s computer to
the receiver’s computer, making it available to the receiver.
4)Receive —the receiver reads the message from the channel.
5)Process —the receiver extracts the data from the message.

45. 7Middleware
Integrative Architectures

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isasoftwareprogrammingrunningatthetopofoperating
systemandbelowtheapplications.Itconnectsapplicationsor
softwarecomponents.
Middlewareprovidesastandardhighlevelinterfacetothe
applicationdevelopersandintegrators,sothatapplicationcan
easilyinteroperate.Interoperabilityistheabilityoftwoormore
componentsorsystemstoexchangeinformation
Middleware

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There are three types of middleware
✓Transaction-orientedmiddleware:supportsdistributedcomputing
involvingdatabaseapplications.
✓Message-orientedmiddleware:supportsreliable,asynchronous
communicationsbetweendistributedcomponentsorapplications.
✓Object-orientedmiddleware:systemsarebasedonobject-oriented
paradigm,andprimarilysupportsynchronouscommunications
betweendistributedobjectsorsoftwarecomponents.
(eg.CORBA,DCOMandRMI)

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Integrativearchitecturesarethestandardmethodologiesfor
applicationintegration.
Thesearchitecturesinclude,CORBA,DCOM andRPC.The
architecturesactasamiddleware,asoftwareapplicationthat
mediatesbetweendifferentapplications
Integrative Architectures

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✓Common ObjectRequestBrokerArchitectureCORBAisasoftware
standardthatisdefinedandmaintainedbytheObjectManagement
Group(OMG).TheCommon ObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture
(CORBA)isastandardarchitectureforadistributedobjectssystem.
CORBAisdesignedtoallowdistributedobjectstointeroperateina
heterogeneousenvironment,whereobjectscanbeimplementedin
differentprogramminglanguageand/ordeployedondifferentplatforms.

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✓Distributedcomponentobjectmodel.DCOM extendstheCOMto
supportcommunication betweenobjects.DCOM isasoftware
architectureorremoteprotocolthatdefinesabinarystandardfor
componentinteroperability.DCOMisasoftwarearchitecturethatallows
applicationstobebuiltfrombinarysoftwarecomponents.Isbinary
interfacestandardforsoftwarecomponents,thatallowsinter-process
communication.Binaryinterfaceisaprograminterfacebetweenbinary
programmodulesoftenoneofthemoduleislibraryoroperatingsystem
andtheotherisuserprogrammodule.Defineshowcomputational
routinesarecalledinmachinecodeorlow-levelwhichishardware
independent.

52. Advance Lesson :
Chapter 2 :
✓Web Services and Middleware