1. Introduction to research_0942377.pptx

This is regarding research subject

1. INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH A.M.T.B. ADIKARI MSc, BSc, RN. Principal School of Nursing Kandy

2. WHAT IS RESEARCH? Something that people undertake in order to find out things in a systematic way , thereby increasing their knowledge. Research is a systematic inquiry that uses orderly scientific methods to answer question or solve problems ( Polit & Hungler , 1991).

3. Scientific Inquiry A process in which observable, verifiable data are systematically collected using our senses to explore, describe, explain, or predict events.

4. Characteristics of Scientific Inquiry Order. ( systematic approach) Control (setting restriction) Empiricism (evidence is gathered through the human senses) Generalization. Operationalism ( define the term used in the research process)

5. Replication ( data reproduced under similar conditions. Objectivity (agree on what observe rather than on personal beliefs, values & attitudes) 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 5 Characteristics of Scientific Inquiry ….

6. Purpose of Scientific Research Description- describe the characteristics of people, situations, & frequency of occurrence. Exploration – discovery of relationships. Explanation – formal explanation( theories) Prediction & control – predicts that how variable will behave in new settings & with different individuals.

7. Characteristics of Good Research Purpose clearly identified. Research process detailed. Research design thoroughly planned. High ethical standards applied. Limitation frankly revealed. Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs.

8. Findings presented unambiguously. Conclusions justified. Researcher’s experience reflected 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 8 Characteristics of Good Research…

9. Approaches for research Deductive approach Inductive approach

10. Approaches for reach Deductive approach Developing a theory and then proceed to gather data to test your theory. Identify and verify the cause and effect relationships between two or more variables. it leads to findings that are capable of generalization.

11. Approaches for research Inductive approach Carry out data collection and analysis and then develop a theory on the basis of the work you have done. Theory follows the data Deeper findings because the approach gets closer to the people involved.

12. Broadly divided into two: Quantitative Qualitative 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 12 Types of Research Methods

13. describe and measure the level of occurrences on the basis of numbers and calculations. “how many?” and “how often?” are often asked in quantitative studies. collection of numerical data uses the quantitative data to analysis. 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 13 Quantitative Research

14. based on words, feelings, emotions, sounds and other non-numerical and unquantifiable elements. cannot be analysed by means of mathematical techniques. 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 14 Qualitative Research

15. Types of Research( Based on purpose) Basic Research(pure Research) Research conducted to develop theories. Applied Research Research conducted to find solutions to clinical problems in nursing practice. Most of the research done in nursing trends to be more applied than basic.

16. Applied Research used to Make decisions. Evaluate new programs Evaluate new methods Evaluate new products.

17. Types Of Research (Based on Method) Descriptive Analytical Causal

18. Aim to identify the facts Mainly deals with the “description of the state of affairs as it is at present” No control over variables 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 18 Descriptive research

19. Descriptive Research Example Woman about 40 years old Household income of about Rs50,000 At least some college education Trying to juggle children and a job

20. Use facts or information already available Analyze these in order to make a critical evaluation of the material 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 20 Analytical research

21. Causal Research Conducted to identify cause and effect relationships

22. Research Process Conceptual phase Empirical phase Interpretive phase

23. Conceptual Phase The problem The variables. The literature review. The research question & hypotheses.

24. Empirical Phase Design. Population & sample. Validity. Collection of data. Data analysis.

25. Interpretive Phase Discussion & conclusion.

26. Nursing Process & Research Process Nursing process Research process Assessment Identify the research problem Formulate the summary of the proposed research Review of literature Define the concepts & variables to be studied Diagnosis State the hypotheses Determine the ethical implication Identify assumptions & limitations Planning Describe the research design & methods for data collection. Define study population & sample. Determine how to process, analyze, & summarize data. Plan for communicating findings. Implementation Collect data. Evaluation Analyze & interpret data. Communicate findings.

27. Why Do Nursing Research? To mould the attitudes & intellectual competence & technical skill. To fill the gaps in the knowledge & practices. To foster a commitment & accountability. To provide basis for professionalism.

28. To identify the role of nurse in changing society. To discover new measures for nursing practice. To help to improve the standards in nursing education. To establish quality of nursing care. To allow nurses to be accountable for the care provided to the patient. 11/9/2023 A.M.T.B.ADIKARI 28 Why Do Nursing Research?...

29. Why Do Nursing Research? ….. To determine the effectiveness of nursing practices. To modify or abandon those practices shown to have no effect on the health status of individuals. To refining the existing theories & discover new theories.

30. Major Categories of Nsg Research Nursing characteristics. Eg : Why nurses decide to work in a ICU? Patient characteristics. Eg : Why some patients have post operative infections? Nursing administration. Eg : What qualities are important for nursing leaders?

31. Major Categories of Nsg Research….. Nursing education. Eg : Needs of the nursing students Nursing care of patients. Eg : Does Bee honey improve the healing of chronic diabetic wound? Eg : Does exercise improve the quality of life for over weight people?