1.LYMPHATIC SYSTEM physiology & explanation

Lymphatic System explanation

1. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Dr. itzaz Aslam Pathology

2. ANATOMY The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system , comprised of a network of conduits/vessels called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directed towards the heart through thoracic duct.

3. ANATOMY Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic Organs : Lymph Nodes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Bone Marrow Lymphatic Tissue : Peyer Patches Lymphoid tissue aggregates in digestive system

4. FUNCTIONS It is responsible for the removal of interstitial fluid from tissues It absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system It transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes .

5. FUNCTIONS Antibodies are manufactured by the lymph system. Antibodies are specialized proteins that the body produces in response to invasion by a foreign substance. The lymph transports antigen-presenting cells (APCs), to the lymph nodes where an immune response is stimulated so lymphatic system plays an important part in the immune system.

6. PHYSIOLOGY OF LYMPHATICS The circulatory system processes an average of 20 litres of blood per day through capillary filtration which removes plasma while leaving the blood cells . Roughly 17 litres of the filtered plasma actually get reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels, while the remaining 3 litres are left behind in the interstitial fluid. The primary function of the lymph system is to provide an accessory route for these excess 3 litres per day to get returned to the blood. Lymph is essentially recycled blood plasma .

7. PHYSIOLOGY OF LYMPHATICS The lymph system is the body's drainage system. It is composed of a network of vessels and small structures called lymph nodes. Along the way, these fluids are forced to percolate through the lymph nodes so that they can be filtered. Harmful organisms are trapped and destroyed by the specialized white blood cells, called lymphocytes, that are present in these nodes. Lymphocytes are also added to the lymph that flows out of nodes. Eventually, the lymph vessels empty into the lymphatic ducts, which drain into subclavian vein.

8. DISEASES OF LYMPHATIC System Lymphedema is the swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid, which may occur if the lymphatic system is damaged or has malformations. It usually affects limbs,e.g .; elephantiasis , lymphatic filariasis .

9. DISEASES OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Swollen lymph nodes ( Lymphadenopathy ): infections , infectious mononucleosis , and cancer , e.g. Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma , and metastasis of cancerous cells via the lymphatic system.

10. DISEASES OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Lymphangiomatosis is a disease involving multiple cysts or lesions formed from lymphatic vessels. Lymphangiosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor, whereas lymphangioma is a benign tumor

11. CAUSES OF LYMPHANGITIS & LYMPHADENITIS VIRUS : Acute HIV ; Primary Herpes Simplex PARASITES : . Rickettsiasis , Plague, Primary Syphilis, Brucellosis , Trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis , Schistosomiasis Trichinosis, Leprosy and Lymphatic Filariasis ,

12. THANX