1) Muscles of the head and neck.pdf

Temporalis: Located on the side of the head, it helps in closing the jaw.
Masseter: Located at the angle of the jaw, it also aids in closing the jaw.
Frontalis: Covers the forehead and raises the eyebrows.
Orbicularis Oculi: Surrounds the eye and closes the eyelids.
Orbicularis Oris: Encircles the mouth and aids in closing and puckering the lips.
Buccinator: Located in the cheek area, it compresses the cheeks during actions like blowing.
Platysma: Thin, sheet-like muscle covering parts of the neck and jaw, it helps in facial expressions and neck movements.
Sternocleidomastoid: Neck muscle that aids in turning the head and flexing the neck.



Temporalis:
Location: Temporal region of the skull.
Action: Elevates and retracts the mandible (jaw), assisting in closing the jaw during chewing.
Masseter:
Location: Runs from the zygomatic arch to the mandible.
Action: Primary muscle for closing the jaw (elevation), especially during biting and chewing.
Frontalis:
Location: Covers the forehead.
Action: Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead horizontally.
Orbicularis Oculi:
Location: Surrounds the eye.
Action: Closes the eyelids, protects the eye from light and foreign objects.
Orbicularis Oris:
Location: Encircles the mouth.
Action: Closes and purses the lips, helps in speech and facial expressions, and maintains oral competence (sealing the mouth).
Buccinator:
Location: Located in the cheek area, between the maxilla and mandible.
Action: Compresses the cheeks against the teeth, aids in sucking, blowing, and chewing movements.
Platysma:
Location: Thin, broad muscle covering parts of the neck and jaw.
Action: Depresses the lower jaw and lip, tenses the skin of the neck (e.g., during expressions of tension or fear).
Sternocleidomastoid:
Location: Runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the head, and flexes the neck. It also acts as an accessory muscle for breathing when the neck is fixed.

1. Muscles of the head
and neck
Kemerovo State Medical University
Department of Anatomy
Senior Lecturer
Vladimir V.Kazimirov

2. Types of Muscles
Skeletal striated muscle
▪voluntary somatic muscle
▪make up the skeletal muscles
Cardiac striated muscle
▪involuntary visceral muscle
▪forms most of the walls of the heart
and adjacent parts of the great vessels
Smooth muscle (unstriated)
▪involuntary visceral muscle
▪forms part of the walls of most vessels
and hollow organs

4. Tendon -attachment site to
bones
▪Origin -relatively fixed
during muscular contraction
(generally a more proximal
location)
▪Insertion -moveable during
the contraction
Muscle structure and parts
Belly-fleshy portion of the muscle
in between attachment sites

6. Fascia
▪layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of
muscles, blood vessels and nerves, binding those structures
together
▪allow the muscles to slide upon each other during movement

7. Muscle shapes

8. MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
AND NECK

9. Muscles of the Head
The muscles of the head are divided into the facial muscles and masticatory muscles.
THE MUSCLES OF THE FACE
The facial muscles are derived from the common mesenchyme primordium of the
second (hyoid) visceral arch, which is associated with the facial nerve.
The facial muscles are characterized by the following features:
➢small muscle bundles, which originate from the bones of the skull and insert into
the skin; during contraction, they exert force on the skin of the face, altering its
expressions;
➢the facial muscles group around the natural orifices either annularly (constrictors)
or radially (dilators);
➢the majority is devoid of fasciae.

10. Muscles of eye Origin Insertion Action Innervation
M. orbicularis oculi
pars palpebralis and
orbitalis
circularly around the orbit, is attached to
ligamentum palpebrale mediale
closing the eyelid
N.facialis
M. orbicularis oculi
pars lacrimalis
crista lacrimalis
posterior
margins of the eye-
lids
enlarges saccus
lacrimalis
M. corrugator
supercilii
sutura
nasofrontalis
middle and lateral
part of the eyebrows
vertical furrowing
over radix nasí
M. procerus radix nasi glabella
transversal skin folds
above radix nasí
VII CN

11. Muscles of the mouth Origin Insertion Action Innervation
M. orbicularis oris
juga alveolaria of
incisors, inferior part of
apertura piriformis
labial skin
mouth closing, labial
constriction, labial
puckering
N.facialis
M. levator labii
superioris
inferior edge of aditus
orbitae
labium superius elevation of upper lip
M. levator labii
superioris alaeque nasi
angulus medialis orbitae
et dorsum nasi
sulcus nasolabialis
elevation of upper lip
and enlargement of
nostril
M. levator anguli oris fossa canina angulus oris elevates angulus oris
M. zygomaticus
minor
os zygomaticum sulcus nasolabialis
pulls angulus oris
laterocranially
M. zygomaticus
major
os zygomaticum sulcus nasolabialis
pulls oral angle
laterocranially
VII CN

12. Muscles of the
mouth
Origin Insertion Action Innervation
M. risorius fascia massetericaangulus oris
traction of oral angle
laterocranially
N.facialis
M. buccinator
processus alveolaris
of the posterior teeth
et raphe
buccopharyngeum
angulus oris
compresses cheeks
againts molar teeth;
sucking and blowing
M. depressor
anguli oris
basis mandibulae angulus oris
traction of angulus
oris caudally
M. depressor
labii inferioris
basis mandibulae labium inferius
traction of lower lip
caudally
M. mentalis
juga alveolaria of
lower incisors
skin of the chin
pulls chin skin
cranially, protrudes
lower lip
VII CN
Nasal muscle Origin Insertion Action
M. nasalis
juga alveolaria of the
upper anterior teeth
ala nasi narrowing of nostril

13. Muscles of epicranium Origin Insertion Action
Innerv
ation
M. occipitofrontalis
venter occipitalis
linea nuchae suprema
galea
aponeurotica
traction of the head skin dorsally, and
erases forehead wrinkles
M. occipitofrontalis
venter frontalis
margo anterior of galea
aponeurotica
skin of forehead
and eyebrow
contraction causes transversal forehead
wrinkles, and elevation of palpebra superior
M. temporoparietalis galea aponeuroticaauricular cartilage pulls auricula cranially
VII CN

14. Masticatory muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation
M. temporalis
planum temporale (as far as
linea temporalis inf.) and internal
surface of temporal fascia
processus coronoideus
mandibulae
elevation and retrusion
N.trigeminusM. masseter
pars superficialis
corpus ossis zygomatici et arcus
zygomaticus
(anterior ⅔)
tuberositas masseterica elevation and protrusion
M. masseter
pars profunda
arcus zygomaticus
(posterior ⅓)
external surface of ramus
mandibulae
retrusion

15. Masticatory muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation
M. pterygoideus
medialis
fossa pterygoidea tuberositas pterygoidea elevation
M. pterygoideus
lateralis
pars superior
facies infratemporalis alae
majoris ossis sphenoidalis
discus articularis et
fovea pterygoidea
protrusion and
depressionM. pterygoideus
lateralis
pars inferior
lamina lateralis processus
pterygoidei
discus articularis et
fovea pterygoidea
V
CN

16. Muscles of the Neck
Muscles of the neck are divided into the superficialand deep
muscles according totheir topography. Superficial muscles, in
turn, comprise the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.

17. Superficial muscles Origin Insertion Action
M. platysma fascia pectoralis et deltoidea
skin over basis
mandibulae
stretches cervical skin
M.
sternocleidomastoideus
manubrium sterni et
clavicula (medial ⅓ )
processus
mastoideus et linea
nuchae superior
bilateral: dorsiflexion of the head and
neck; unilateral: lateroflexion of the
head and neck; auxiliary inspiratory m.
THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK

18. Suprahyoid muscles Origin Insertion Action
M. mylohyoideus linea mylohyoidea
corpus ossis hyoidei et
raphe mylohyoidea
mandibular depression; fixed mandible: elevates the
hyoid bone
M. digastricus
venter posterior
incisura mastoidea os hyoideum fixed mandible: elevation of the hyoid bone
M. digastricus
venter anterior
os hyoideum fossa digastrica
fixed hyoid bone: mandibular depression; fixed mandible:
elevation of the hyoid bone
M. stylohyoideus processus styloideus os hyoideum elevates the hyoid bone and pulls it dorsally
M. geniohyoideus spina mandibulae os hyoideum
mandibular depression; fixed mandible: elevation of the
hyoid bone

19. Infrahyoid muscles Origin Insertion Action
M. sternohyoideus
manubrium sterni et
art. sternoclavicularis
os hyoideum
depresses of hyoid bone
and larynx
M. sternothyroideus
manubrium sterni et
first rib
cartilago thyroidea (linea
obliqua)
depresses larynx
M. thyrohyoideus
cartilago thyroidea
(linea obliqua)
lateral part of body and greater
horn of hyoid bone
depresses of hyoid bone
M. omohyoideus
venter inferior
margo superior scapulae (area nearby
ligamentum transversum scapulae)
intermediate tendon
depresses of hyoid bone
and larynx
M. omohyoideus
venter superior
intermediate tendon os hyoideum

20. Scalene muscles Origin Insertion Action
M. scalenus anterior
and medius
processus transversi of cervical
vertebrae
first rib
unilateral: lateroflexion and rotation of
neck; bilateral: flexes neck; auxiliary
inspiratory muscles
M. scalenus posterior
processus transversi of cervical
vertebrae
second rib
THE DEEP MUSCLES OF THE NECK

21. Prevertebral muscles Origin Insertion Action
M. longus colli
The muscle is located in front of body and transverse processes of
cervical vertebrae
unilateral: lateroflexion of the head and neck;
bilateral: flexes head and neck
M. longus capitis
processus transversi of cervical
vertebrae
pars basilaris ossis occipitalis
unilateral: lateroflexion of the head and neck;
bilateral: flexes head and neck
M. rectus capitis anterior processus transversi of atlaspars basilaris ossis occipitalis
unilateral: lateroflexion of the head and neck;
bilateral: flexes head and neck
M. rectus capitis lateralis processus transversi of atlaspars basilaris ossis occipitalis
unilateral: lateroflexion of the head and neck;
bilateral: flexes head and neck

22. Cervical Fascias

23. ▪Superficial fascia
immediately deep to the skin
▪Deep cervical fascia
deep investing fascia
visceral (pretracheal) fascia
prevertebral fascia
alar fascia