111111111ereefdfdf23ME102 FIRE L2 SS.pdf

11e

1. Fire Hydrants Rising Mains,
& Hose reel Systems
S. Sathananthan
Lecturer 1
Fire Protection systems

2. Description of Rising Mains
Systems
A vertical pipe provided in building for
carrying water when fighting major fires.
Fitted with landing valves at various
floors from which firemen can connect
their hose reels to draw water for
fighting fires.

3. Type of Rising Main
Systems
Two types of rising mains:
Dry Rising
Wet Rising

4. DRY RISING MAINS

5. Provision of Type of Rising
Mains

Dry rising mains:
Required for buildings beyond 10 metres
but less than 60 metres.
To be provided for Purpose Group II
buildings.
To be provided to any part of single or
multiple level basement of building.

6. •Breeching inlet
•Landing valves
•Riser pipe
•Air release valve
•Drain Valve

7. Dry Rising Systems

Dry rising main: normally empty of
water, but capable of being
charged with water for fire fighting.
A connection, called breeching
inlet, is provided on ground level to
allow fire service to pump water
from fire hydrant to dry rising main.
Firemen can then connect their
hoses from landing valve on floor
where fire occurs.

8. Dry Rising System :
Under Fire Situation

Why limited to 60m ?
Dry Rising Main : filled with
water during fire situation
Fireman’s hose
connected
to landing valve
Fire hydrant
Drain valve
› 24 m above ground level
Automatic air release valve
Fire pump
Breeching inlet
For Fire Service

9. A Typical fire pump mounted in a fire engine

10. Required Number of Rising
Mains

Any point on building floor should not be
more than 38 metres from landing valve.
One rising main is provided for one or a
series of floors which has height of more
than 10 metres above ground level.
Each rising main must serve not more
than 930 m
2
and all parts of floor must be
within 38 metres from landing valve.

11. Provision of Landing Valves

A landing valve is provided for
each rising main on :
every level above the ground
every basement floor
roof where access is required for
testing purposes.

12. Installation of Landing Valves

Landing valves are installed:
in visible position, unobstructed by
opening of doors
at height of 760 mm to 1000 mm
about floor
Any point on building floor should not
exceed 38 metres from landing valve
along route suitable for hose lines.

13. Size of Rising Mains
Size of rising mains determined by building
height.
Diameter of rising main:
100 mm diameter for buildings up to 45
metres and when only one landing valve
provided on each level.
150 mm diameter for buildings greater
than 45 metres or when two landing
valves are provided on each level.

14. Location of Dry risers
Rising mains are located within
protected areas such as:
smoke stop lobbies
common areas and within protected
shaft immediately outside exit
staircase
inside exit staircase where smoke
stop lobby and common area are not
provided.

15. 4
1
2
5
3
3 1 : Fire fighting lobby
2 : Fire resistant wall
3 : Fire door
4 : Fire lift
5 : Rising main
Protected Staircase Lobby

16. Location of Dry risers
Smoke stop lobby protected from
smoke entry. Favourable as staging
area for fire fighting operations.
Locations must be close to exit
staircases. Allows easy access to
firemen.

17. Breeching Inlet Cabinet for Dry
Riser

18. Provision of Breeching Inlets
Breeching inlets must be suitable for
direct coupling for to fire fighting hose
of diameter 63.5 mm.
Two-way breeching inlet is used for
100 mm diameter rising main.
Four-way breeching inlet is used for
150 mm diameter rising main.

19. Description of Fire Hydrants
Essentially a short standing pipe
provided with outlet connections.
Connected to water supply mains from
which fire service pumpers draw water
for fighting fires.
Water supply to fire hydrant is
controlled by hydrant valve.

20. Fire Hydrant

21. Fire Hydrant

Water mains
Hydrant valve
Outlet caps
Hydrant pillar
Ground level

22. Two way hydrant:
Two 63.5mm outlets

Three way hydrant:
Two 63.5mm outlet
One 100mm outlet

23. Flush hydrants are used in
places where a pillar hydrant
cannot be installed due to:
Vehicle movement.
Pedestrian movement.

24. Flush Hydrants are
provided with
Single outlet
Hydrant valve
Duck foot bend
Box enclosure.

26. Provision of Fire Hydrants

Public fire hydrants are provided along
the street.
Private fire hydrants are provided within
perimeter of building.
Rising mains to be positioned within
100 metres of hydrant.
Fire hydrants are positioned not more
than 100 metres apart.

27. Private hydrants
are painted in red
and provided with a
yellow band

28. Factors Affecting Fire Hydrant
Location

Closeness to Buildings
within 100 m from entry to building
Closeness to Access Roads
accessible to fire engines
Closeness to the hard standing
within 50m from hard standing
Located away from Building at Risk
Preferably 6 metres away from building so
that it remains useable during fire

29. Wet Rising System

Wet rising system: permanently charged
with water from a pressurised supply.
Water is immediately available at landing
valve for fighting fires.

30. Wet Rising Main


› 60 m above
ground level
p
s
Pump panel
PUB water
supply
Water tank
Duty and Standby Pumps
Automatic air release
valve
Pressure relief
pipe
Water flows back
to
water tank or
drain
To drain
For buildings with habitable
heights greater than 60 metres
Landing valve
with
Pressure control
ps = pressure switch Breeching inlet for
Fire Service
Wet Rising Main :
permanently filled with water

31. Provision of Type of Rising
Mains
Type determined by habitable height
of building.
Wet rising mains:
Required for buildings beyond 60
metres.
Separate dry and wet rising main
systems may be permitted.

32. Water Supply Rates
The following water flow rates are required in a
wet rising system when 3 landing valves are in
fully opened position :
27 l/s for residential building
38 l/s for non-residential or mixed occupancy
building
A water pressure of between 3.5 bar to 5.5 bar
should be maintained at each landing valve,
when up to three, are fully opened.

33. Wet Rising Main

› 60 m above
ground level
p
s
Pump panel
PUB water
supply
Water tank
Duty and Standby Pumps
Automatic air release
valve
Pressure relief
pipe
Water flows back
to
water tank or
drain
To drain
For buildings with habitable
heights greater than 60 metres
Landing valve
with
Pressure control
ps = pressure switch Breeching inlet for
Fire Service
Wet Rising Main :
permanently filled with water

34. Means of Water Supply
Water to wet rising mains is drawn from tank with
storage capacity of at least 30 minutes.
Water storage tanks are automatically supplied with
water directly or indirectly from other tanks from
PUB mains.
Pipe drawing water from PUB mains to tank must be
at least 150 mm in diameter.
Break tanks not serving as storage tanks must have
capacity of 11.5 m
3
for each wet rising main.

35. Standby Pumps for Wet Rising
Mains
Standby pump will operate automatically
when duty pump fails.
Duty pump or standby pump if duty pump
fails, will start automatically when there is
water flow or when a fall in rising main
exceeds 5 % of fire pump churning
pressure.
Pumps are connected to emergency
power supply, if available.

36. End