12. Adjective, Adverb and Prepositional Phrases.pptx

Sentactic ones

1. Adjective, Adverb and prepositional Phrases Lecturer: Danar A. Ibrahim 2025 Syntax Soran University Faculty of Arts English Department 3rd Stage

2. Adjective phrase( AP) The structure of the adjective phrase: Pre-modifier Head post-modifier (adverbs) (the core adjective) (often prepositional phrase ) very fond of chocolate → [pre-modifier + Adjective + post-modifier] quite ready → [Modifier + Adjective ] Post-modifiers Adjective Phrases 2 It is another type of phrase whose head word is an adjective. Often become complements

3. Complements: Prepositional Phrases : afraid [of the dark] Infinitive phrases : easy [to please] Clauses : sure [that he’s right] Identify AP its head and type of modifiers in the following sentences: I am very happy to see you. Tom is afraid of spiders. Tom is afraid for his job. I am aware that he is abroad. Adjective Phrases 3 Very happy to see you Afraid of spiders Afraid for his job Aware that he is abroad To see you: infinitive phrase Of spiders: PP For his job: PP That clause

4. Can adjective phrases (APs) become modifiers for Noun Phrases (NP)? APs functions to modify nouns or pronouns and can also occur as predicate complements . [Very happy] students passed the exam . The room seems [extremely noisy ] . [ NP the [ AP extremely happy] doctor] Adjective Phrases 4 Yes

5. Underline the adjective phrases in the following sentences: I am sure the President is fully aware of his responsibilities. I was glad to see Amy. He seems totally unable to concentrate. They are offering upgrades at really crazy prices. Paul is very fond of his little sister. There is no need to be so scared of spiders. Are you sure he won't object ? The hijacker was reluctant to negotiate at first. Adjective Phrases Exercise 5

6. Adverb Phrase The structure of the Adverb phrase: Pre-modifier Head post-modifier (adverb) (adverb) (PP, adv.) but it is rarer surprisingly very surprisingly very surprisingly indeed s o far ahead of schedule Incredibly slowly Adverb Phrases 6 An Adverb Phrase ( AdvP ) is a phrase with an adverb as its head.

7. Underline each adverb phrase in the following sentences: Disposing of nuclear waste is a problem that has recently gained much attention. Authorities are having difficulties finding locations where nuclear waste can be disposed of safely. There is always the danger of the waste leaking very gradually from the containers in which it is stored. Because of this danger, many people have protested quite vehemently against the dumping of any waste in their communities . In the past, authorities have not responded quickly enough to problems at nuclear waste sites. Adverb Phrases Exercise 7

8. Prepositional phrase (PP) The structure of the prepositional phrase: (pre-modifier) Head complement Adverb preposition NP or clause at the cinema on the internet just before breakfast Prepositional Phrases 8 is a phrase headed by a preposition , usually followed by a noun phrase (NP) or a clause. We don’t call it modifier Why?

9. straight across the road far beyond his abilities well above the average immediately after the lecture just before the concert Types of complement: through the window from what I’ve heard after speaking to you Prepositional Phrases 9 NP Clause - ing phrase

10. Underline each prepositional phrase and circle each preposition . there might be more than one PP. It may come as a surprise to you that massage is mentioned in ancient Hindu Chinese writings . It is a natural therapy for aches and pains in the muscles . Its value is recognized by many doctors . Some doctors refer to massage as manipulative medicine. A warm room, a comfortable table and a bottle of oil are the main requirements . You can become addicted to massages . The general rule is that what feels good to you will feel good to others. Prepositional Phrases Exercise 10

11. THANKS! Questions? ✋