12. French bean.pptx

Ppt about French bean breeding

1. French Bean Breeding

2. Introduction Scientific name – Phaseolus vulgaris Family- Leguminoceae Chromosome no.- 22, Tetraploid 2n = 44, Monosomic : 2n = 21 Origin- Southern Mexico and Central America , Vavilor (1951). Progenitor- Phaseolus aborigineus ( North West Argentina). Type of pollination- Self-pollination. Among beans, the most agriculturally successful bean is french bean, because this bean was wider distribution and hence larger gene pool.

3. Taxonomy Phaseolus possesses four cultivated species. P. vulgaris : The common beans. P. coccineus : The runner or scarlet bean P. lunatus : T he lima, sieve, butter of Medagascar bean P. Acutifolius var. latifolius : The tepary bean.

4. Botany Based on growth habit crop can be classified into pole, semi pole and bush type. Evans (1975) observed 5 distinct types- Indeterminate 17-35 internodes Indet semi climber 14-13 internodes Indet bush 13-12 Determinate climber 12-15 Determinate bush

5. Genetic studies : Red or purple stem is always associated with red flower colour, pink stem and pink flower and green stem can have all the coloured flowers. White flowered plant bears white seeds while dark coloured ones bear all types of colonied seeds. Growth habit Monogenic Indet / climber demoniant to det. Pod stringness Monogenic Stringness dominant to stringlessness Earliness Monogenic Early flower dominant to late flower Pod shape Polygenic Normal round dominant over other shapes Colour of foliage Digenic Green dominant to varigated Hard seed Monogenic Soft weed dominant to hard seed.

6. Objectives : High yield Earliness Determinate habit for temperate region and in determinate habit for tropics Stringless pods Fruits held high from the ground level Rich in protein Resistance to pest and diseases, bacterial wilt, PM, rust anthracnose and common mosaic, root knot nematode, aphis and leaf hopper, stem fly

7. Methods of breeding 1. Introduction : Contender, Kentucky Wonder. 2. Pure line selction : Arka Komal (Sel-9), APLS from IIHR-60. IIHR-220, PLS from Hungary Collection. Arka Bold (Rust and Bacterial blight) 3. Pedigree method: IIHR-909 ( Arka Suvidha) from Blue crop x Contender. 4. Mutation breeding : Pusa Parvathi- X-ray (EC 1906), Early and bush. Universal – Early and resistance to anthrocnose . Sanilac – Xrays ( Michelite ), bushy, early resistant to anthracnose and common bean mosaic. 5. Backcross breeding : Arka Bold x Arka Komal- bacterial blight & rust resistance 6. SSD 7. Heterosis : Problems highly self pollinated and F1 seed production is difficult Carol x Michelite – more leaf area, Soviet hybrids – For yield components.

8. Species crosses Compatibility Utility P. vulgaris x P. coccineus L. F1 seeds viable F1 plants fertile Tolerant to frost and viruses P. vulgaris x P. flavescens Crosses readily Rust resistance P. vulgarix x P. lunatus C. Fertility of F1 ranged from nil to normal Resistance to disease and quality parameters 8. Interspecific hybridization HIMSI : Hybridization and mass sowing of individual selection 9. Polyploid breeding : Autotetraploids reported 2n = 44 and mononomics 2n = 21. Amphidiploids also tried no distinct advantages

9. Achievements Bacterial wilt ( Coynebacterium faccumfaciens ) : Emerson Powdery mildew ( Erysipha polygon ) : Macarrao , Contender, Top Crop, Long Kidney Rust : West Ralius , Kentucky Wounder, VL Boni-1 Anthracnose : Cornell 49-242 Common bean mosaic : Red Mexican, Refuge, Robust Root knot nematode : Albama No.1 Aphids : Bruna Stem fly: Sel-2, SVM-1, Sel-9, Sel-4 Leaf hopper : Contender, Top Crop, London Horticultural Heat and drought tolerance: Red Mexcican

10. Variety Developing institution Features Arka Komol IIHR Good transport and keeping quality, Susceptible to bean mosaic virus. Arka Subidha IIHR Bushy and photosensitive. Contender IARI, New Delhi Susceptible to bean mosaic virus. Pusa Parvati IARI, New Delhi Resistance to mosaic and powdery mildew. Ooty-1 TNAU Moderately resistance to leaf spot, anthracnose and pod borer. Pant Anupama GBPU&T, Pantnagar Moderately resistance to bean mosaic and angular leaf spot. Phule Suyash MPKV, Rahuri Plant are highly tolerance to wilt and mosaic virus.