13.social welfare services in india

social welfare services in India

1. Rajeev Kumar M.S.W., M.Phil., UGC-JRF Senior Research Fellow, IIT Kharagpur Social welfare Services in India

2. What is social service? Charitable activities What is social work? What is professionalism What is science? Difference between science and technology

3. Professionalism Extensive training Specialized knowledge Application Theoretical knowledge Research Code of ethics Regulated by governing body

4. What is social work? To help the person to help himself Enabling /empowerment In systematic way Professional way Maintains objectivity

5. Techniques of social work Social case work- at individual level Social group work-at group level/ family Community organization – at community level Social welfare administration- organization level Social research Social action –at mass level

6. What is social welfare The Indian Constitution establishes a welfare state. This is clear from the salient features in the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) In this spirit, India is making a determined attempt to fulfil its ideal of a welfare state not only in principle but also through economic planning, thus securing to the Indian citizens justice—social, economic and political.

7. continued Brief discussion on mainstreaming and marginalization

8. Social welfare schemes Women and Child Development Scheduled Tribes/scheduled caste/backward caste Welfare Unorganised Sector Minority welfare Differentially abled welfare Senior citizen welfare Urban rural poverty alleviation

9. Social security According to I.L.O, “Social security is the protection which society provides for its members through a series of public measure, against the economic and social distress that otherwise would be caused by the substantial stoppage of earning resulting from :- sickness  maternity injury unemployment old age and death.

10. Purpose of social security  To give individuals and families the confidence that their level of living and quality of life will not erode by social or economic eventuality.  To provide medical care and income security against the consequences of defined contingencies  To facilitate the victims physical and vocational rehabilitation  To prevent or reduce ill health and accidents in the occupations  To protect against unemployment by maintenance and promotion of job creation  To provide benefit for the maintenance of any children

11. objectives Compensation Restoration Prevention

12. Approaches Social assistance:  A method to provide benefits as of right to persons, usually of small means in amounts sufficient to meet a minimum standards of living from general revenues of the state.

13. Contingencies of social security Medical Care Sickness Benefit Unemployment Benefit Old Age Benefit Employment Injury Benefit Family Benefit Maternity Benefit

14. Social assistance NSAP stands for National Social Assistance Programme. NSAP was launched on 15th August, 1995. In particular, Article 41 of the Constitution of India directs the State to provide public assistance to its citizens in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and in other cases of undeserved want within the limit of its economic capacity and development.

15. continued The NSAP at its inception in 1995 had three components namely National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS, National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) and National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS). The National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS) was subsequently transferred on 1st April, 2001 from the Ministry of Rural development to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

16. continued On 1st April, 2000 a new Scheme known as Annapurna Scheme was launched. This scheme aimed at providing food security to meet the requirement of those senior citizens who, though eligible, have remained uncovered under the NOAPS.

17. continued In February 2009, two new Schemes known as Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) and Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) were introduced.

18. Social policy Broadly speaking, the term ‘policy’ refers to the general guidelines or principles, which give direction to a particular course of action by the government or by an organisation. According to David Gill: Social policies are principles/ course of action designed to influence: i) the overall quality of life in a society; ii) the circumstances of living of individuals and groups in that society; and iii) the nature of intra- societal relationships among individuals, groups and society as a whole.

19. continued According to Kulkarni “Social policy is the strategy of action indicating means and methods to be followed in successive phases to achieve the declared social objectives.”

20. Social policy According to Prof. Titmuss , social policy represents a summation of acts of government, deliberately designed to improve the welfare of people

21. Actors in Formulation of Social Policy Government ii) Political parties iii) Individual reforms iv) Voluntary organisations v) Social action groups vi) Plan documents vii) Laws and courts viii) Parliamentary committees

22. Problems in Policy Implementation Lack of political will Widespread corruption at each and every level of functioning Financial constraints Red- tapism Erosion of moral values Financial constraints Inadequate staffing Absence of training Lack of people’s participation Gross mismatch between actual needs and perceived needs of people Delay in getting justice.

23. Strategies for Effecting Changes in Policies Use of mass media ii) Creation of public opinion iii) Demonstrations iv) Public Interest Litigation v) Discussions, Meetings and Seminars Building pressure over government vii) Submission of memorandum viii) Signature campaign ix) Pressure groups etc.

24. Concept of Social Planning Planning is the process of preparing a blueprint of actions to attain stated objectives within a time frame. M.Webber defines planning as the process of making rational decisions about future goals and future courses of action, Alfred J. Kahn defines planning as follows: Planning is policy choice and programming in the light of facts, projections and application of values. Planning is policy formulation and realization through choices and rationalization.

25. Social development Social Development Through Planning Planning gives expression to the idea of intervention and it is a central notion in social development. Advocates of planning contend that social and economic processes can be directed through rational intervention to improve society.

26. What is social development ? Social Development is the promotion of a sustainable society that is worthy of human dignity by empowering marginalised groups, women and men, to undertake their own development, to improve their social and economic position and to acquire their rightful place in society…..” --- Bilance , 1997 Social Development is equality of social opportunities” Amartya Sen , 1995

27. Definition of social development “Human development is a process of enlarging peoples’ choices. The most critical choices that people should have, include a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and income, assets and employment for a decent standard of living… (But) human development concerns more than the formation of human capabilities such as improved health or knowledge. It also concerns the use of these capabilities” - India Human Development Report , 1999

28. How social development is measured? The Human Development Reports of United Nation Development Programme (UNDP) have developed indices such as the Human Development Index (HDI), the Human Poverty Index (HPI) & the Gender-related Development Index (GDI).

29. The Human Development Index (HDI) is in terms of capabilities of three basic dimensions of human development: • Life longevity • Knowledge (adult literacy and combined primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment) • Decent standard of living (real per capita income)

30. The Human Poverty Index (HPI), meant for most deprived sections of the community, is based on deprivations in the essential elements of decent human life: • Basic Survival (Death before age 40, child and maternal mortality) • Educational levels (% of illiterate adults) • Overall economic provisioning (% of people without access to health services and safe water) • Sustainability (% of underweight children under 5)

31. Gender related development index

32. Brief discussion Comparison of all development index

33. What after development ??? Do you think, all our problem are solved ? The next phase after development

34. Social change Change implies all variations in human societies. When changes occur in the modes of living of individuals and social relation gets influenced, such changes are called social changes. Social change refers to the modifications which take place in life pattern of people. Hence, social change would mean observable differences in any social phenomena over any period of time.

35. Definitions of social changes Kingsley Davis says, “By Social change is meant only such alternations as occur in social organization – that is, the structure and functions of society”. Morris Ginsberg defines, “By social change, I understand a change in social structure, e.g., the size of the society, the composition or the balance of its parts or the type of its organization”. Fairchild defines social change as “variations or modifications in any aspects of social process, pattern or form.

36. What is social change ? Compare all the definitions Brief discussion How it is related with social development ?

37. Social action Social action is a method of social work used for mobilizing masses in order to bring about structural changes in the social system or to prevent adverse changes.

38. Definitions of social action Mary Richmond was the first social worker to use the word “social action” in 1922. She defines social action as “mass betterment through propaganda and social legislation”. Sydney Maslin (1947) limits the scope of social action by considering it as a process of social work mainly concerned with securing legislation to meet mass problems. Baldwin (1966) defines social action as “an organized effort to change social and economic institutions as distinguished from social work or social service, the fields which do not characteristically cover essential changes in established institutions.

39. Principles of social action Principle of Credibility Building Principle of Legitimization Principle of Dramatization Principle of Multiple Strategies

40. Principle of Credibility Building It is the task of creating public image of leadership, the organization and the participants of the movement

41. Principle of Legitimization Legitimization is the process of convincing the target group and the general public that the movement-objectives are morally right.

42. Principle of Dramatization Dramatization is the principle of mass mobilization by which the leaders of a movement galvanize the population into action by emotional appeals to heroism, sensational news management, novel procedures,

43. MULTIPLE STRATEGIES Educational strategy Persuasive strategy Facilitative strategy Power strategy