14ab1t0023 manufacturing of ointments, liquids ,creams

Manufacturing of ointments, liquids ,creams

1. MANUFACTURING OF OINTMENTS, LIQUIDS ,CREAMS Submitted by Under the guidance of S.V.R.GOVARHAN REDDY Dr.G.Ramesh Pharm.D 14AB1T0023 Submitted to Pharm D IV year Mr.Satheesh.S.Gottipati B . Pharm ., MS (USA), R.Ph . CIP (USA ) Vignan Pharmacy College,vadlamudi

2. Contents: Ointments: Definition Types of ointment Manufacturing of ointments 2) Liquids Definition Types of liquid dosage forms Manufacturing of liquids 3) Creams Definition Types of creams Manufacturing of creams

3. OINTMENTS : Ointments are semisolid preparations meant for external application to the skin or mucous membrane . Types: Non medicated ointments: They contain only ointment bases , does not contain any medicament Ex: Simple ointment B.P , Paraffin ointment Medicated ointments: They contain only medicaments , which may be dissolved , suspended or emulsified in the ointment base Ex: Sulphur ointment , Boric acid ointment

4. Manufacturing of ointments: 1) Trituration method: It is mainly used for preparation of soft ointments in a small scale industry It has mainly 2 methods : Ointment slab Motor and pestle method

5. Ointment slab/ levigation : Finely powder the medicament and place it on a clean ointment tile Weigh required quantities of ointment base and keep on one different part of slab Take a portion of base of about 3 times volume of drug and levigate it with help of ointment spatula Ex: Sulphur ointment Motor and pestle method: This method is used for large quantities

6. 2) Fusion method: melt the substances which has highest melting point followed by addition of substances by decreasing order of melting point To this melted mass incorporate the medicament and stir thoroughly until the mass cools down and homogeneous ointment is formed Ex: Cetrimide ointment

7. 3) Emulsion method: Oily substances are melted in a china dish on water bath at 70 o C Water soluble substances are heated separately on water bath at 70 o C Suitable emulsifying agent is dissolved either in aqueous or oily phase Both phases reaches same temperature aqueous phase is slowly added to oily phase with continuous stirring until the product becomes cool and semi solid

8. 4) Chemical reaction : Ointment is prepared between chemical reaction , medicament and one or more ingredient of the base

9. CREAMS: Creams are viscous emulsion of semisolid consistency , intended for external application to the skin or mucous membrane They are of 2 types: 1) o/w type cream ( aqueous creams ) 2) w/o type cream ( oily cream ) oily creams consist a w/o type emulsifying agent Ex: Wool fat , alcohol , fatty acids Aqueous creams consist of o/w type emulsifying agent Ex: Emulsifying wax , Tweens , Fatty acid ester

10. Cold creams: Melt the wax and add liquid paraffin and heat the mixture at 70 o C Dissolve the borax in water at 75 o C and melt the fat with continuous stirring Cool the mixture at 40 o C and add perfumes and preservatives Transfer the cream into the container while hot 2) Vanishing creams: Weigh the required quantities of stearic acid , methyl paraben in china dish and heat at 70 o C Take the water soluble ingredients to water, check the temperature if necessary and heat at 70 O C Transfer oily phase to the aqueous phase in small portions with continuous stirring until a homogeneous emulsion is formed

11. Remove the china dish from heating and cool to the room temperature

12. LIQUIDS: Liquids are monophasic dosage forms , which involves a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredient along with excipients . Liquid form of a dose of drug used as a drug or medication intended for administration or consumption Types of liquid dosage forms: The different types of liquid dosage forms are : Syrup Otic preparations Nasal preparations Mouth wash Elixir Aromatic water

13. Manufacturing of liquids: The preparation of liquids include simple and very less unit operations and require less formulation equipment The preparation includes following unit operations : Weighing Sifting Mixing clarification/ filtration Filling packing/labelling

14. The raw materials used are : Vehicle – Water , alcohol Solubilisers - Cyclodextrin . Stabilizers – EDTA Preservatives- Parabenes Viscosity modifiers- Xanthum gum Buffer – Citrate and acetate buffer Isotonicity agents-Dextrose , Nacl

15. Manufacturing : All the required raw materials according to the master formulary card were weighed and sifted to break large lumps Required volume of vehicle is measured and transferred to stainless steel mixing tank The solvent is preheated in necessary to facilitate solubility of raw materials The raw materials were added and mixed continuously with a known rpm for about 1-3hr

16. After complete solubilisation of raw materials the prepared solution is filtered by using filter paper having a core diameter f 0.45 micron. This process is also called as clarification The filtrate is filled into suitable containers either by vacuum filling / gravity filling and is packed and labelled Suitable evaluation test were performed in order to investigate stability and quality of the finished product

17. REFERENCES: 1) https ://www.slideshare.net/liquid-dosage-form-monophsaic 2)https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid 3) A text book of dispensing pharmacy 3 rd edition , Sanmathi BS page no : 358-400 4) www.wikipedia.com