15-09-0257-00-004f-ieee-802-15-4-overview-to-epcglobal-hardware-action-group-tagging-ad-hoc.ppt

protocolsforwirelesssensornetworksdrdsingh-200914092427 (1).pptprotocolsforwirelesssensornetworksdrdsingh-200914092427 (1).pptprotocolsforwirelesssensornetworksdrdsingh-200914092427 (1).ppt

1. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 Overview
Presented to Hardware Action Group Active Tagging (HAT)
at GS1 Joint GSMP-JAG Meeting 2009
Mike McInnis
The Boeing Company

2. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
802.15.4 Standard Task Groups
•802.15.4 defines 1 Mac + 3 PHYs
–(2.4 GHz, Europe, Australia)
•802.15.4a defines 2 PHYs
–(2.4 GHz band Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) and UWB)
•802.15.4c defines 1 new PHY
–(2.4 GHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, UWB, and China 779-787 MHz band)
•802.15.4d defines 1 new PHY
–(2.4 GHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and Japan 950-956 MHz band)
•802.15.4e will define MAC Enhancements to 802.15.4 in support of ISA SP100.11a
•802.15.4f will define ‘n’ new PHY(s?)
–( UWB, 2.4 GHz, 433 MHz bands?)
•802.15.4g will define ‘n’ new PHY(s?) for Smart Neighborhood Networks
– Energy Industry Smart Grid Application
–(902-928 MHz band?)

3. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 Alliances
•ZigBee
–http://www.zigbee.org/
•ZigBee RF4CE
–http://www.zigbee.org/rFAQ/tabid/413/Default.aspx
•SynkroRF
–http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?nodeId=02205025654CB14C2F
•ISA SP100.11a
–http://www.isa.org/source/2008_02_ISASeminar_ISA100.11aStatus_Sexton_Kinney.pdf
•WirelessHART
–http://www.hartcomm2.org/hart_protocol/wireless_hart/wireless_hart_main.html
•ISTEON
–http://www.insteon.net/developers-about.html

4. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 and Homeland Security
•In 2006, two completely separate government programs were initiated:
–One (1) through the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science &
Technology Directorate
–The second (2) through the European Commission's (EC) Preparatory Action for
Security Research (PASR) program
•The DHS program, named Marine Asset Tag Tracking System (MATTS):
–Tags provide continuous global location using GPS, integrate with sensors (wired
or wirelessly) and transmit that data securely
–Power management is critical given the autonomous nature of a MATTS tag
–It was agreed that the radio protocol supporting MATTS would be IEEE 802.15.4
on 2.4GHz
•The EC PASR program was named Secure Container Data Device
(SECCONDD)
–Focused on bridging the gap between civil research (supported by the
Commission's framework programs) and national and inter-governmental security
research initiatives
–The SECCONDD program had similar goals to MATTS, but was further integrated
with a container security device
–The SECCONDD program chose IEEE 802.15.4 (2.4GHz) air interface protocol

5. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Non-IEEE 802.15.4 Alliances
•EnOcean Alliance
–http://www.enocean.com/
•Z-Wave
–http://www.z-wavealliance.org/modules/start/
•DASH7 Alliance
–http://www.dash7.org/
•Bluetooth SIG
–https://www.bluetooth.org/apps/content/
–However, Bluetooth was ‘standardized’ within IEEE 802.15 as IEEE 802.15.1 and
15.1a

6. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ZigBee Chipset Suppliers
http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7692

7. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ZigBee Chip Comparison - Transceivers
http://freaklabs.org/index.php/Articles/Zigbee/Zigbee-Chip-Comparison.html

8. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ZigBee Chip Comparison – Integrated
MCU +Transceivers
http://freaklabs.org/index.php/Articles/Zigbee/Zigbee-Chip-Comparison.html

9. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Chipset Shipments-2008
http://www.eeherald.com/section/news/nw10000451.html
19 Feb 09
Freescale shipped 7 million units of ZigBee and IEEE802.15.4 chipsets in year 2008
to take number one ranking in this market. With this, Freescale garners a market
share of 60% in IEEE802.15.4-based ICs.
Since energy management is a global agenda, Zigbee and other IEEE802.15.4
devices have a bigger role to play in wireless energy meter and other household
metering solutions. By year 2011, it can be estimated; the IEEE802.15.4 based
chipset market demand might reach greater than 100 million units. Peak
consumption of these devices may start in 2010 and continue up to 2015. In
about 4/5 years of timeframe from 2009, there is a market demand for about 1
billion unit shipments.

10. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ZigBee Compliant Platforms
http://www.zigbee.org/Products/CertifiedProducts/CompliantPlatforms/tabid/269/Default.aspx

11. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Designed for ZigBee but not yet ZigBee certified
http://www.zigbee.org/Products/DesignedForZigBee/tabid/234/Default.aspx

12. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802 Standard documents
•Available for download at no cost;
–http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/portfolio.html
•IEEE 802.15.4-2006 IEEE Standard for Information technology--
Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems--Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific
requirements Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC)
and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless
Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)
•IEEE 802.15.4a-2007 IEEE Standard for PART 15.4: Wireless
MAC and PHY Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal
Area Networks (LR-WPANs): Amendment 1: Add Alternate PHY
•IEEE 802.11-2007 IEEE Standard for Information technology-
Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-
Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements - Part
11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical
Layer (PHY) Specifications

13. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ZigBee Specification documents
•Available at no cost for download from;
–http://www.zigbee.org/Products/TechnicalDocumentsDownload/tabid/237/Default.aspx

14. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
ISO Standard documents
•Must Purchase;
–http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?
csnumber=43892

15. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Asset Tracking
IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs provide sensor and location information about
valuable assets . Example applications include container/vehicle tracking
and monitoring, personnel identification, etc.
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

16. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs are used to automatically collect indications from
metering devices (water, gas, electricity, etc.) without need for human
participation
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

17. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Building/Home Automation
IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs in residential homes as well as in large commercial buildings
are used to continuously monitor and control such physical conditions as
temperature, humidity, light, smoke, etc.
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

18. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Industrial Automation
IEEE 802.15 WSNs improve manufacturing- and process-control via continuous
monitoring of industrial machinery and equipment.
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

19. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack
IEEE 802.15.4 standard specifies only the lowest part of
OSI communication model: PHY layer and MAC sub-layer.

Medium Access Control sub-layer (MAC)
MAC sub-layer is responsible for reliable communication between two
devices over direct physical link (without intermediate nodes). The key
functions of the MAC layer include:
• Data framing and validation of received frames
• Device addressing
• Channel access management
• Device association and disassociation
• Sending acknowledgement frames
Physical layer (PHY)
Physical layer provides means for bit stream transmission over the
physical medium.
The key responsibilities of PHY are:
• Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver
• Frequency channel tuning
• Carrier sensing
• Received signal strength estimation (RSSI & LQI)
• Data coding and modulation
• Error correction
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#
Structure of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack

20. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IP-Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
•IP for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO)
– The IPSO Alliance was formed to promote the Internet Protocol as the network technology of choice for connecting
Smart Objects around the world.
–IP opens the door to linking sensor and other simple networks directly to the Internet, eliminating the need for translation
gateways.
–"Some people don't get that now you can put IP in a sub-$2 device," he added. "We can fit into as small a memory
footprint as anyone if not smaller," requiring as little as 4 Kbytes RAM and 32 Kbytes flash, he added.
–"The formation of the IPSO Alliance represents a disruptive development for sensing and control [networks] and
momentum [for its approach] is accelerating,“
–IP-based technologies for wireless sensor networking have been gaining attention over the past year, most notably
6LoWPAN," the Internet Engineering Task Force standard for running IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 nets
–Most businesses deploy TCP/IP today and they see 6LowPAN as an easy extension to this architecture.
–The IPSO alliance hopes to have an interoperability program in place in November. It initially aims to test interoperability
of the ten or more 6LoWPAN software stacks that have been released to date.
–http://www.ipso-alliance.org
–http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid
=0CNEE2EILSTSGQSNDLPCKHSCJUNN2JVN?articleID=210601750
•Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (roll) group Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
–IPv6 routing with high reliability while permitting low-power
 operation over
IEEE 802.15.4 and others.
–http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/roll-charter.html
–http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml;?articleID=207601626
•IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6Lowpan) group Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
–The “Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4
Networks" standard (RFC4944) defines the format for the adaptation
between IPv6 and IEEE 802.15.4.
–http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/6lowpan-charter.html

21. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
Auto-ID Labs presentation at GS1 Joint GSMP – JAG Meeting 2009
Tuesday March 24 3:00-5:30pm
http://www.autoidlabs.org/single-view/dir/article/1/324/page.html
“Our approach is to store
sensor profile in servers on
the Internet, and allow
networked clients
to search or download
relevant profile using an
EPC of target sensor node.
To identify
sensor nodes we assign
EPCs to sensor nodes. To
find authorized sensor
profile servers,
called sensor profile server,
we adopt resolution service
by extending ONS that
changes an
EPC to authorized
locations of EPCIS.
Readers or other roles in
EPCglobal Network who do
not have prior capability
information but want to
access sensor networks
and physical data
collected from them may
use sensor profile
services.”
Presentor: Daeyoung Kim
Note

22. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 General
Types of network devices
There are two basic types of devices that can be present in an 802.15.4 network: RFD and FFD
RFD – Reduced Function Device
An RFD (also referred as an end-device) contains limited set of 802.15.4 features.
The main characteristics of an RFD are;
•It can communicate only to a single FFD in the network and not other RFDs
•It requires little memory, processing and power resources for operation
Usually such reduced networking functionality is sufficient for sensor and actuator nodes.
FFD – Full Function Device
A device of FFD type contains the full set of IEEE 802.15.4 features and hence FFD is
capable to act as a network coordinator and as an end-device
•Can communicate both to FFDs and RFDs
requires extra memory and processing power, consumes more energy compared to RFD
A network device must be FFD if it wants to act as network coordinator or if it requires data packet
forwarding capability
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

23. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
802.15.4 Data transfer models
Data transmission in an 802.15.4 network can be organized in two ways:
star and peer-to-peer.
Star
In star model devices are interconnected in form of a star:
•There is a central node (coordinator).
•All the network nodes (FFDs and RFDs) communicate only to the
coordinator.
•Data forwarding is possible only through coordinator (two-hop only)
•Coverage area is limited by one-hop transmission range
Peer-to-peer
In peer-to-peer model an FFD can communicate to all other devices within
its range.
RFD can talk only to an FFD it is currently associated with.
Peer-to-peer model is characterized by following properties:
•Data frames can be delivered via several intermediate nodes
(multi-hop transmission)
•Large spatial areas can be covered by a single network
•Packet routing algorithms are required
Star data transfer model
Peer-to-peer data transfer model
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

24. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Layer
802.15.4 PHY communication is available on 3 frequency bands:
802.15.4a, 802.15.4c, 802.15.4d currently provide PHY alternatives to 802.15.4
802.15.4f and 802.15.4g are expected to proved additional PHY alternatives to
802.15.4 in the near future.

25. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer
MAC layer defines mechanisms for direct (single hop) communication between two devices.
Such single hop data exchange is possible only within transmission range of participating
pair of nodes. Key MAC layer responsibilities are described below.
• Data framing
Communication on MAC layer is packet based. It means that data to be sent is
encapsulated into a MAC frame that is passed to RF transceiver. A node shall accept only
frames destined for it and upon their reception frames are checked on errors that could
have occurred during transmission and corrected if possible.
• Device addressing
Each device is identified by unique 64 bits long MAC layer address that is used by sender
as destination for the packets sent on the MAC layer.
• Channel access management: CSMA-CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is well known “listen-
before-send” principle for managing access to single physical channel among multiple
devices. It ensures reliable communication and provides efficient usage of limited channel
bandwidth.
• Device Association/Disassociation
Upon higher layer requests MAC layer performs device association and disassociation
(enters/leaves network).
http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-learning/#

26. March 2009
Mike McInnis - The Boeing Company
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0257-00-004f
Submissio
n
The End
Any Questions?