СССР 1947 | Пошив офицерских сапог

PetrIvanoff1 257 views 225 slides Aug 20, 2017
Slide 1
Slide 1 of 225
Slide 1
1
Slide 2
2
Slide 3
3
Slide 4
4
Slide 5
5
Slide 6
6
Slide 7
7
Slide 8
8
Slide 9
9
Slide 10
10
Slide 11
11
Slide 12
12
Slide 13
13
Slide 14
14
Slide 15
15
Slide 16
16
Slide 17
17
Slide 18
18
Slide 19
19
Slide 20
20
Slide 21
21
Slide 22
22
Slide 23
23
Slide 24
24
Slide 25
25
Slide 26
26
Slide 27
27
Slide 28
28
Slide 29
29
Slide 30
30
Slide 31
31
Slide 32
32
Slide 33
33
Slide 34
34
Slide 35
35
Slide 36
36
Slide 37
37
Slide 38
38
Slide 39
39
Slide 40
40
Slide 41
41
Slide 42
42
Slide 43
43
Slide 44
44
Slide 45
45
Slide 46
46
Slide 47
47
Slide 48
48
Slide 49
49
Slide 50
50
Slide 51
51
Slide 52
52
Slide 53
53
Slide 54
54
Slide 55
55
Slide 56
56
Slide 57
57
Slide 58
58
Slide 59
59
Slide 60
60
Slide 61
61
Slide 62
62
Slide 63
63
Slide 64
64
Slide 65
65
Slide 66
66
Slide 67
67
Slide 68
68
Slide 69
69
Slide 70
70
Slide 71
71
Slide 72
72
Slide 73
73
Slide 74
74
Slide 75
75
Slide 76
76
Slide 77
77
Slide 78
78
Slide 79
79
Slide 80
80
Slide 81
81
Slide 82
82
Slide 83
83
Slide 84
84
Slide 85
85
Slide 86
86
Slide 87
87
Slide 88
88
Slide 89
89
Slide 90
90
Slide 91
91
Slide 92
92
Slide 93
93
Slide 94
94
Slide 95
95
Slide 96
96
Slide 97
97
Slide 98
98
Slide 99
99
Slide 100
100
Slide 101
101
Slide 102
102
Slide 103
103
Slide 104
104
Slide 105
105
Slide 106
106
Slide 107
107
Slide 108
108
Slide 109
109
Slide 110
110
Slide 111
111
Slide 112
112
Slide 113
113
Slide 114
114
Slide 115
115
Slide 116
116
Slide 117
117
Slide 118
118
Slide 119
119
Slide 120
120
Slide 121
121
Slide 122
122
Slide 123
123
Slide 124
124
Slide 125
125
Slide 126
126
Slide 127
127
Slide 128
128
Slide 129
129
Slide 130
130
Slide 131
131
Slide 132
132
Slide 133
133
Slide 134
134
Slide 135
135
Slide 136
136
Slide 137
137
Slide 138
138
Slide 139
139
Slide 140
140
Slide 141
141
Slide 142
142
Slide 143
143
Slide 144
144
Slide 145
145
Slide 146
146
Slide 147
147
Slide 148
148
Slide 149
149
Slide 150
150
Slide 151
151
Slide 152
152
Slide 153
153
Slide 154
154
Slide 155
155
Slide 156
156
Slide 157
157
Slide 158
158
Slide 159
159
Slide 160
160
Slide 161
161
Slide 162
162
Slide 163
163
Slide 164
164
Slide 165
165
Slide 166
166
Slide 167
167
Slide 168
168
Slide 169
169
Slide 170
170
Slide 171
171
Slide 172
172
Slide 173
173
Slide 174
174
Slide 175
175
Slide 176
176
Slide 177
177
Slide 178
178
Slide 179
179
Slide 180
180
Slide 181
181
Slide 182
182
Slide 183
183
Slide 184
184
Slide 185
185
Slide 186
186
Slide 187
187
Slide 188
188
Slide 189
189
Slide 190
190
Slide 191
191
Slide 192
192
Slide 193
193
Slide 194
194
Slide 195
195
Slide 196
196
Slide 197
197
Slide 198
198
Slide 199
199
Slide 200
200
Slide 201
201
Slide 202
202
Slide 203
203
Slide 204
204
Slide 205
205
Slide 206
206
Slide 207
207
Slide 208
208
Slide 209
209
Slide 210
210
Slide 211
211
Slide 212
212
Slide 213
213
Slide 214
214
Slide 215
215
Slide 216
216
Slide 217
217
Slide 218
218
Slide 219
219
Slide 220
220
Slide 221
221
Slide 222
222
Slide 223
223
Slide 224
224
Slide 225
225

About This Presentation

В книге подробно описывается пошивка офицерских сапог ручным способом по индивидуальной мерке заказчика.

Size: 59.73 MB
Language: ru
Added: Aug 20, 2017
Slides: 225 pages

Slide Content

2 “TOMMBKA
JE OS

Au RYPCOB CANO:
LOH inX ORY,

© ROENUOE USAATETRCTBO
BA RUOPYAEMHBEX CHA Lik
MOCKBA 194%

B. P. MAJIAMLEB u TI. TI: TIABJIEHKO,

NOLWUBKA
OPULEPCKUX
CATIOP

VUEBHHK
AU KYPCOB CATOKHHKOB
BOEHHBIX OKPYTOB

Nox o6ızen pexaxunel
B. P. MANAÑLEBA

BOEHHOE H3UATENRCTBO
MMHHCTEPCTBA BOOPYAKEHHBIX CHI COIO3A CCP
MOCKBA — 1947

B. P. Masatues u I. DI. Haesenxo
<HOLIHBKA O®HLIEPCKHX CANOT>

B xure MOXpoÓuo onmetimacrea noma ogmuepcxax canor pys-
mun erigcosox MO inaunnayacineR Mepkeaaxasvaxa, Hapaay c sm:
‘deren Kpareoe OSIAONAEINE © OCHOBMIDMH MäTepkazanı, Heure:
Man 5 IPOMIBOACTRC OO, Kak TO: KOXCReHUMM waTepiaAaun, 32
MeIMTeAANE XOX, TEXCHILASMMMN WATEPHAANI, BCRONDFATEAKHNDET
Natepmanaın u Qypusrypoh. Kpoue Toro, npunoarren onmeaune Croma
eTonexa, OÓYOMX KOADAOK, MeTOAOR CHIEN MepOK An MBA
AzbMoR normes oöyan u WoxCopa Konoaox no oTHM nepkau. B sara
Née aueren MONATNE O enocodax woReLuponannn OGY.

Kara mpeguasuavena D Kavecrae YeeOuiica RAR BORNNO-OEPYRHUN
ypcon- uacrepos-oßynuumen x Moxer Gum Nenamsonaun paborak.
HAVE BOCHNO-NOBINBOUNEN MACTEPEKAN 2 Kahecrne Yue6IOrO ROCOOHA,

Pexintopu T. €. Samay

Teumsecnuk perso E. N. Mesenuo Koppexrop Es A. Horpecons
ma Touran © net 7100 TS
Meyi a Bim a mon sun m. Mina. 1026 Ber

Ta renorpadin Yapanann ocre MBC Conon CGP
seer RO, Mopac

NPEAMCAOBHE

Hacromuan Kira mpeamasmasena 8 Kayecrse J4COHHKA un
BOCHHO-OXPYXMAX KYPCOB NO MOATOTOBKE MACTEPOB-CANOMINEKOD, KO-
TopMe JoTKHE oGecneunTe noumxy oqumepam Comercioñ Apwu
Xopourell no BHeLIHEMY BHAY U Ka¥ecTBy OÓYBM NO RX RAAHBHAYAM-
HN 38KA3M.

Bro onpenemao noerpoeune Kuna u ee conepmanıe.

Yunmunan, STO OCHOBHBIM BHAON OpmMePCKOR OBYEH ABAMOTCA KO-
aïe cATOTH, SAECb ABETCA NOAPOÓOE OnNCANNE MIX NSrOTOBNEMEN
Pyantıst CHOCOGON, € OAKOBPENCHHLIM ONNCENAEN MATEPHAIOP, KOTO:
Pie pH TOM MpHMeHAIOTeS.

Uro xe KACaeTca APYTHX BHAOB OGYBM 1 MATEPHAIOE, npunenne-
MEX 8 OÓYOIOM NPOHSBORETBE, TO O MAX AXEL FOBODMTEA OYEND CHATO,
AA€TCA TOMKO CAMOe HEOÓNOJIMOS AN BOAKOTO FPANUTKOFG MacTepa
canoxHka.

Hexoa us roro, 5 nepsoñ actu KHUTH ocoGoe Bry ManKe yae-
ANEICA MOAPOÓNOMY OMHCaHTHO KOMEBCMMBX MATEPMAJOD, Dem” Me
OCTANBMEM MATEPMAJaM Aaetcn Anus KPATKAR XApakTepHcrAKa.

Tak ka OGÿBb 12% OQHLEPO8 NO HAAABNAY amas MCpKAM Óyiter
NSrOTORAATICA | MACTÉPAMH-CAOMEIKAMN B CANON MACTEDCKIX
spy, To 5 MANTE AGETCA OMICANNe FAO pysoro npORsBONETRA
o6yeu.

310 cremauo costaTensto, yanrusan KPATKHA cpox yveG na KYP-
cax m o6mmi yponenb nogrotonkH caymareneñ.

B consi ¢ STAM KE mpenenswo YNPOIEHO HIOKEHIE pana Bonpo-
COB; TAK, HanpuMep, omicae MOXEMIPOBANEA ato HCXOA 13 Omara
paGors: “Lewrpanbiux Kypcos nORroTOBKH Roenmıx 3aKpoflinnKon
5 sarorosmuxos YBC THY BC Cowsa CCP » nandonee aoerynnom
AMA cayınareneh BHAE.

Apropm

OTAEA NEPBHA
MATEPHAJIbI, TIPHMEHAEMbIE
IIS H3TOTOBJIEHHA OBYBH

en

B o6ypuom nponsbonerse npnsenseren Gonsuioh accoprument ca-
MEX Pasnooßpasııuız waTepHazon. STA MATEPHAMS HENOMSVIOTA Ju

— muixpon neranei nepxa n usa OßyRn m AeTaneÑ DOMAIN;

— cKpenseiiin ornembmux aerazeñ Memay COGOH;

— O6pasonanın MpOMEXyTOWNX aeranel;

— ornemn oöyan;

— sakpenaennn o6yo na xore.

Bukpoñ neranehi vepxa OÓYDH MPOBIDOJUNCA M3 HOMCBCNMBIA Ma
TePNaIOB, samenutereli KOK U TEKCTHASIBIX MaTepHaZOB.

Ha aeramı H3a OÓYBH B OCHOBHOM HCMOIBSYETCA KOKA m same
Huren Kon.

Deraan nonkaankn BEIKPAHBAIOTCA 13 KOME H TEKCTAAN.

Ina o6pasonarms npowexyrounsix era CayKar Koma, 3aMé
Hareau Ko, ay6, Gepecra.

B kauecroe warephanon 18 cxpenaenns Aeranei o6yen mpmue-
HADTCR HUTKH PAMIMIMMX MIIAOR, APATIA, AepeERHNNE m METAL.
CkHE IINHNSKM, POSH H KEANE BEULECTBA

Oreaka OGÿoH npoussonures © MOMOLLK paSAHMHX xpacon,
ocka, napa n annperypki.

Alas o6ecneuenun RowKHOTO 3AKPeN.ICHMA OGYBH Ma Hore npHMe-
hxerca vox HasbiBaeMan oOyanan Pypiuirypa: Gncuxn, KpIONKH, MYTO-
BA, PAD: m T. m

Has oGzervenna nayucmms Bcex STHX warephazon
Gur ma cnenyioue rpynist.

1. Komenenntie marepnası.

2. Savenurenm Ko.

3. Texcruasuse marepuanss.

4. Benoxorareasnhie warepnan ypunrype.

Hume AQETCA Kpatkoe onticanue MATEPNAON, BNOARUNX B KEM AVIS
M3 STHX rpynn, HX XAPAKTEPNCTHKA, cuocobu ONPEAEMENER Kauecrna 1
Ykasusaeren 06aacrs apuserena 8 OGyeHoN nponanoncrae. [pu 910%
copepenno ecrecreuno, 470 D 9TOM onncai HONÓNNE MOAPOGRO
OxiPkrepmonam KOXÉPENE warepmanıı, MOTOMY STO CHD ABLE

MOXHO pas:

foreH OCHOB:BIMH Marepmananı, YHOTPEOAREMBIMH AA HICOTOBACHUA
‘oguuepexitx canor.

"Tak aK KaNeCTBO KOMODENNAIX TOBAPOD 3ABHCHT Or paga Qaxro-
pou: Kavectea CHA, CMOCOSOB CBEMKH LIKYPH, METOLOB KOHCEPBHPO-
Baum u ycaosnÄ xpaueuus cup, cnocobos oOpaGoTKU KOK, np
Iuibuloeta BRON MPU TOM OTAETBHEX NPOIADOACTOCHIAX, one
Panui u 7 2., TO NH OMICAHMN KOKEBEHHMX TOBAPOD MPIXOAITCA Go.
nee WM MEME MOAPOÓNO OCTANADANDATLCH H Ha BCEX 3TUX DONPOCAX

B mpoTHBHON cayaae HEBOSMONHO MOAYANTE MOANOTO NPEACTARTE
sawn O HPOUCKOX HEIN H XapaKTepe Tex AeQeKTOR (TIOpOXo8), KoTOPHIE
fcipeuaiores D TOTOBIAX KOKAX.

Bea TuaTeasKoro mayaenmn u ann 9THX AeQextos TpyAHO npa-
DADO OUEHHTH KANECTBO KOKH H PALHOHATBHO ES HCNONBIOBATE, 7. €.
TAK, WTOÓL SKOHOMHO CE PACKOAOBAT H MPABHABHO HCTOMSIOBATE Ha
Gone Henitie YUACTKH KOMH H € OTACALILEIO 42CTH Ha COOTRETCTAYIO-
ame neranm o6yad.

Taasa I

KOXEBEHHOE CbIPbE

WkYPH ANA BBULEJKH KOK

OcHORHUMH SHAEMH CHPLA ALMA BELLEAIKH KOMM AB.IAOTCH LL PU
Kpynnoro # MEAKOTO poraroro exora, cauiell m ao1axel.

Illkypa XMBOTHOTO cayakuT AJA SALTA ero OT BHEMIHHX BOIRE
cTanA u AIR PETYAMPOBAMKA Tenors Tem. Kpowe Toro, KIKYPA silo:

HOT QYKKUMH OPraHa BIXE/IeHHA, YA
an HS opraitusMa pMecre € nOTOM M
KOKHHM canoM neukecTBa, He YCBOEN-
HBIE OPIAMMSMOM, a Takıke YHKUNM
OPraHia ABIKAHRA, OCYILECTBMOLLETO 06-
MeH pelllecTR MEXAY OPTANMaMoM H
Benmeh cpenoh.

Ikypa cocrour us rpex caoes
BepxHero, 7. €. MAPYKHONO com — Sm
mepwuca,’ cpemwero — ZGPME HM HHK-
Hero — noaxokwoñ Kaerüarki (pac. 1).

Inunepune 1 (pue, 1) snanercn nepx
HAM CAO wKypsi. On Heonkoponen no
noeh Tomuume u crpoenmo. B pastbix
HACTAX wKypes Tonne ero pasmna
Tlo csoemy erpoemio on cocromr ma
asyx caoes: Bepxmero porosoro (#3
‘oporonesmux KNETOK) H HIPKHETO, NPH-
Aéralounero K RepMe, CAHAMCTOFO CON.
Oporosenne HapyKHMX KACTOK 3nHXCp-
mica OÓTACIMIETCA TEM, TO B eM OT-
CYTCTBYIOT OTBETBAEHHRA KPOREHOCHEX 1

HBOTKOR unypw:

AAA

IUMÓATIMECIOX COCYAOB, W TH KEN HUTALOTOR CONAM, NOCTYNANO-
HUM HS APM: OSTOMY «M AAAbiNe OTCTOAT KAeTKU IIMALPMUCA

OF sepa, TeM Mene Ot MOAySaloT MATARO, m BEPXHHE

nOCTENENNO OTMKPalor 4 OTNARAOT (nepxor).

OH HS

Hepa 2—cpeaunk caoit ukypss, Gea sminepmica u NONKOKNOÏ
KaeraaTkn, epta COCTONT M3 BOAOKHNCTOR COEXMHITEMMON TAN,

7

npeuuymecreeuno M3 KOLIArEHOBUX BOAOKON 4. STH soOKHa cocTOsTT
B-cBO10 ONEPEMb M3 TOHKHX BOXOKOMIES — HOP. PHÉPHAM coenn-
HMOTCA APYT C. APYTOM cHayana 3 NYYOYKU-BOTOKOHUA, . à SATEM B
MYKH-BOAOKHA PASMAUX TOM H PAIMEPO.

Kpoxe Konmareostix BONOKON, B COCTAB AEPMB BXOAAT BOTOKHA,
KorOpHie OOpasyioT CETKY, CBASBBELLYI OTAEABHLIE HACTR SAEMEITOE
nepuu. Bonokha, oGpasyloune NOCACAMONO, nepenieramich e pasama-
six nanpamaermax Mexy coboñ. Tycrora 1 Xapakrep 3Toro nepenze
TOHMA B PaSMBIX CAOAX AEPMA HCOAMMAKODA. TIpOMEKYTKH MERAY
nYAKAMH H OTACIBNBONH BOJOKHEME SATIOAMCNS BCUYECTBOM, KOTOPOS
NASBIDAIOT MEHBOIOKOMHHN.

Jepuy MOXHO pasómrb Ha maa con: nepxnf, cocTORUIMA us
TECHO MepenseTaIOMLHXeR TOMKAX MYWONKOS PHÔPHAI (OH HOCHT HasBa-
ime cocowkoBoro), u nn caof, OÓpasosalal us nyunos Goseueñ
MOIIHOCTH, Meee norma H ¡enarommica BCe Gonee PAXTMM no Mepe
Yan OT COCO4KOBOrO COA K NOAKOMNOR Kaersarke; sTOT cao!
iapuioaeres cersaruM.

Tlepwa nxonur » caoï ammaepuuca paxom cocoukos, Gorato cmaó-
KCHHEIX KPOBEHOCHSIMH H JUMÓATHUCCKIAMH COCYAAMH, “EM H Ocy-
INECTBIRETCA DSAHNHAR CBASE HEPMEL $ SMHAEPMICA.

Toakomtan xitersarka 3 COËMMMHT wKypy € MEuIaMA HBOT-
noro. Ona mpencrannner coGol Ty Xe TKamb, HO Gonee pHxnorc
cipoenum, c Gone TOHKKMH Myuka R © GonbUIMMH IPOMEAYT-
Kamm MEKAy MIN, C BKONEHHEM MEMAY DYAKEMH MHPOBUX KNE-
‘rox 8. Hasnaveime noAKOMNOÏ KACTUATRN — HAKONAATB sankicel MHTA
TCMBMEX MATEPHAAOD IR OÖPASOBAKNA MIKYDS m CAYAKHTS YIPyroñ
MPOCTANKON, cMATAIOWER MEXAMIVCCKHC BOSMEÍÍCTBMR Ha TOTO AM
soruoro.

Llkypsi Mrekonuraïoutix OÓBISMO NOKPHTH BOMOCOM (tepcTbo).
Boaoe 5 CUANT B BOXOCAMEX cyMKax 10, oOpasyeusix omnepxnco»,
FAYÓOKO 3AXO]AMUX D ACPMY 8 DWXe TPyGYATHX MeMOuKOB, Oxoxo
NOXOCAMOR CYMKH MOMEINAIOTCA CAABABIE Meneant 6, HMEIOUE BEBO
HOR NPOTOK B BOZOCABJIO CYMKY. Oni IMpeamasmasienal JAR cNasbiBA-
Hu BONOCA KOXHEIM CAJOM, MPELOXPAHRIONLHM Cro OT BECEXANHS
Hecxombio minke CAMMBMAX ETES MOMENBIOTCA MOTONHE HET 7.
Or mel yactn BONOCANOR CYMKH, NOA YTJIOM K NOBEPxHOCTH REPML,
MPOXOAAT Meme yuku 9, ¡O1umaronime ponoc. Kpome Toro, Bex
TommNa AED MPOHIANA KDOBEMOCHEMH 4 IUMÓATATECKHMA COCY-
anti, a Take GoraTo cna6ena HEPBAMA,

B' mpouecce nuipaGoTKH KOKH IIMAPMNC H MOAKOMHaR Kıer-
HaTKa YRAMOTCA; NOITOMY FOTORAA Koma NPercTananer COGOñ PM
AyÓneniyto u coorserereenso oßpaßoramııyıo nepmy. Tlocae yaazema
>IIMACPMHCA $ BONOCA Ha NOBPXNOCTH ACPMEL OCTAIOTCA Orncperun
oT Basioca H_KEAE3 u BAICTYM — COCONKH (cocowxomerá AOÛ ep),
KOTOPbINA nmmepue COMPEKACATCA € nepoñ. TakHM OGpason a“
KEDAR MOBEPXNOCTE Komm Mpeacranamer coGoH KOMGHHANO BMcTy-
ton, YTAYÓXeKuÍÑ u ornéperHh, KoTopan coaaer onpenerenusiil pues -
Hox’ Ha ToBepxHocTH KOKH, HÁISIBACNBA ecTecTBEHHOM Mepeeit Kom
Y padusiX okunoTHNX 9TOT PHCYHOK Paname; MOSTOMY MO Mepee
SONO ONPEIEIATE, M3 KAKOTO CHPEA HsroTOBTeHA Koma (pue. 2)

8

uno Homer
Pue 2. Mepen pasamanos KO

TONOTPAGHA WKYPLI

Beneacrane pastooGpasin BbinozHAeMBX YKKUNA WKYpa HNBOT-
Moro MEOAHOPOANA KAX NO TOANNE, TAK m HO Wiowaas.

Ulkypst Kpynmoro poraroro ckora (pic. 3) pasómmalorca no 1u10-
waak — a wenpak / (wacTH ero Hasınaoren KPynOHON u OrySKOX),
umBopor_(soporox) 2, Gamky (rostoBKy) 3, non 4, aan (mepeaume u
saaune) 5 u manu 6. HauGore ue YHACTKOM CWNTAETCA ory
30K,. KPYNON, 3ATEM NOCTAOBATABHO — wHBOPOT, noel» stents Ma
TURN ABARIOTCA HAMMENEE NEHHBINN YHACTKAM MIKYD.

9

To csoeli Bemnunne STH YUACTKA COCTABAMIOT MIPHÓMUSHTEMBHO CR
ayoune vacın oÓmeñ mowaan Komm: “enpax — 50%. uBopor ı
aca — 20%, ross n mamma — 20% u nant — 10%.

Tlo MAOTHOCTH YYACTKH UIKYP5! MOHO PACTIONOA!TE 5 TAKOÏ nocne-
AOBATEAHOCTH: OFY3OK, KPYNOK, LMBOPOT (BOPOTOR), Mor, Ant H
asumir. B TOMAN pasmanux yuacrkop UKYps HAÓMORANOTCA ana-
WITEABMALE KOJICÓAMMA; Tak Y MOAPACTAMUNNK ÓNITKOS m Teak, KOPOS
h KacrpHpouanuiix ÓNIKOB MIKYPA TOAUIE Beer B OTYSKe m KPynOHe,
A 3afeM MAYT MO TOME UINDOPOT H MOM; Y MoMONHIX TeMAT M

Pue. 3, Tonorpagua weyp:
La —-nype spymre poreteroexona: 6 — Ke pa

"CKACTPMPODANMEIX OHKOS LKYPE NMEIOT HaNIGOBULYIO Tony 0 u
wopore. B umypax Our, myaa m oca PAIMMAIOT Ape ocHODHBe
wacrm: xas u Teper. HauGomutel MIOTHOCTBIO Oßma1aer uexTpaasHan
fact xasa | — uumArenb, sarem cnuttia (KpynoH) 2, BOPOTOK 3, NO 4.
sana 5 u max 6 (pre. 3,0).

Konckme IRypbI OTRNATCH MO CTPOEIMO OT KY Kpymioro
poraroro cRoTa Gombuiel psixocrbo mepms. Buecre € Tem 8 Ory-
3oumoR yactn, 5 cepenmne TOME WKYpBI, REPMA Oßnanaer mecranın
OcoGoit MAOTHOCTBIO; STH YYACTKH MIKYpH MASHBAIOTCR | mHremeN,
Kpoxe Toro, Koucxne wxypst Ónaromapn Gone TOACTOMY Bonocy 4
Gozsitomy KOMSECTBY MOTORBIX Meiies RATOT Gone NOPHETYI H DOAO-
TPOHHHACMYIO KOKY

OcoGenkocrito Aepuii oedeR UIKYPH ABARETCA TOHHHA ee 200
xon # onburoe OT-IDXNNE wexAy mw upa. Tlocae yaaneımıa aupa
HP BHAEAE KOKH B HEPNE OÓPASYIOTCA MYCTOTE H Koika Momyuaercn
puxaof u caaGof.

Nepua KOSHX HIKyP COCTONT #3 Gone TOJCTHX u NpOuHUX 10M0-
KOH, sex BOONIA OBCALEÑ LINDE MOSTOMY KOM LIKYPB MPONHeL
Er

10

Conubte 1IKyPBI OTAMYAIOTCH TOACTSM KECTKHM BOIOCOM 4 rAYGO-
KIM SAMCTAMMCM AYKOBHYEK pOXOC, KOTOPME MPOXOART CKBO3S BCID
TOMMY ACPME, BCARXCTAHE NETO FOTORAR KOKA OKASMBACTCA MACKBOS),
NpowWsaHWoR BOMOCKHBMH KAMaJIaMH; MOSTOMY OMA BORONPOMNUACMA
H MACTO NPOCBEUABAET NACKBO9D.

XMMMUECKMA COCTAB LUKVPBI

Illkypst HHBOTHHX TO CBOEMY _XHMRNECKOMY COCTARY. HeoAno-
ponm. B cocTan WX BXOAT 8024, GeaKH, ANPEL M NIHEPATBHBE BELLE-
crea, Tomxo uTo CHATAR uypa coxepæur 62—72% Bon, B saBH-
cHMOCTH OT MOPOAU 2KHBOTHOTO, BpeMeHH Tora, mecta VOOR, yuacTKa
KYPIS, 3 KOTOPOrO nanra mPoßa, M OT ero ram.

DKup LIKYPSI HAXOAHTCR HA NOBEPXHOCTH BONOCA (LIEPCTH), B CYM-
wax cambHux KexC3, D TOME ACPME H B NOAKOMNON KACTSATKE
Conepacaime aupa 5 zepme wxypa KozeGneTem oT 0,5 20 30%,
5 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BHAA HHBOTHOTO, € KOTOPOTO CHATA tKypa

Komkiecrso umepambreix BeulectB (som) B oGesBonomentoñ
ikype KOXLÓNETCA, © JAMCHMOCTH OT MOPOAM MHBOTOFO, B npene-
ax or 0,4 20 0,6% or napnoro Deca.

B OcHOBHOM Inkypa COCTOMT 13 Ge.IKORHX BEUNECTB, CPE KOTOPHIX
LEHTPAAbHOE MECTO JAHHMAIOT KOZLIBNEN, MMACTAK H KEpATHH.

Beaku npeactasamor cook CIOMHME XHMHAECHHE BEUCCTBA, D co-
crap Koropux sxoast: yraepon (50—55%), Bonopon_ (6,6—7.3%),
asor (15—19%), kncaopon (20—23,9%) u cepa (0,3—2,5). B mpmpoze
Geax BerpewaioTca D GombuloM KOAUNECTDE B PASMMHLLX BAAX 1 CO-
crasax. Benkn pasuoro cocrana N0-pASNOMY OTHOCATER K IKe:IONAM, Kıtc-
xotam 1 coam. Hexoropsie ma nix Gonee cTofku x arm pearekran,
pyre xerKo Hu paspyuatorca. 370 csofcrso GesKOB WKPOKO nc-
moaysyercn B KOKEVENHOM IIPOMISORCTIC An YAAMeNMA HEUYXHEX
GemkobHx BEMLECTB H COXPAHEHHA TEX Ha Hux, KoTopsie cmocodcTayior
nloaysenno KOH onpenenenvioro KayecTea H | SKCILOATAUNOHNLIK
csoñera,

CBEMKA IIKYPBI H EE KOHCEPBHPOBAHHE

Jan koxevenoro nponmonerna meer Comoe anauenne npa-
BHTHAR CREMKA LIKYPE KMBOTHOTO, TaK Kak STAM OGecTeRHBAeTeR
BOSMOKHOCTE COXPANCHHA ee Kauecrba,

Jo yCon xusoTHOrO ero tuKypa Ana Gurb ruta Teno OTMTA
or ACeX sarpasremuh. Cheuky mkypst HYKHO NpOHBBOMHTS OUEKB OCTO-
POXHO, HTOGSI He NOBPEANTE ee.

B custoR usype (na weh u © ee Tome) maunaerca yenmeman
RestemHocte MHKPOOpraMHIMOR (MMKPOGOB u Gaxrepuñ), Koropan MO-
HET MpHBECTH K HACTHNHOMY MOBPCAACHMIO MIKYPI HK K HOAMOMY
ee paspyueno.

Tlox xefcranem 9T#x MAKDOOPrANASMOR HaUMNAOTCA MPONECCH
pasromenn GenkOB; STH npoweccst HASLBAIOT rHNHMEM.

Tipenoxpamene Koxcbipbs OT Paapymenui MHKPOOPTÉHHIMANE 20:
craraerca Koxcepsiposanien chipia. Kak mpasiiao, cospeweausie

u

KoepeHHBte 3ABOXH mepepaGaTwBaoT KOHCEPDHPOBAHHOE chipbe;
© napaiw Me CHPLEM, T. €. CO MIKYPAMM, TOMKO NTO cHATHMIE
€ ¡KHBOTROTO, Hat MPAXOANTCA UMETD RENO TOAKO B HCKMOSHTEABHEK
caysanx.

Koxevenioe cupse Kotlcepsupyior CYLIKOÏ, SANOPEXHPAHHEM 1
content.

Koncepsuposanne cywxoit

B romko ro cumroñ umype kpynmoro poratoro ckora okon0
65% BAATK, a Tax Kak BORA AARTCR Becbwa GaaronpHsTHOM cpenOË
ANA ycnmehnofi AeRTeAHOCTH MEKPOOPraNHsMOD, TO Ye wepes Ne
‘ckomsKo wacoB UIKYpa Hawnaer sarHuoaTs. HO ec WKYpy Bicyumnme
Ha BO3Ayxe Tak, uroGw anarm B Hel Gmno okono 15%,
TO Ola MOXET XpatiuTEcA HECKOAKO eT 063 HOHIDKEHHA CBOETO KANE:
crpa (ecm 970 xpanenne MPOBOANTCR 8 HopwassHBix Yenopunx). Mo-
STOMY AA Coxpahenma KOXCHPER TO NOADEPFAIOT CYIUKE,

Ikypa aomkua OT xopomo mpocymena no ace ee monepknocru
u Toautune, Cupse, KOHCepBHpOBAHHOe Cyuıkoh, Hasbinaenen Ipecho-
cys.

Koncepayposanie samopaxupanuen

Huskan Teuneparypa nowt HOANOCTAIO npnocrananımnaer pasen
THe BoaOyawresel ries, M mp4 reuneparype Hire O° umypa MOKET
COXPAHRTBCH OEM AOIO. STHM MONBIYIOTCA ANA KONCCPEMPODARUA
Cupra saMopaxusanuen: Ho samopaxusaune 00mm mpusonet
K BHYTPEHHMME HOMCHEANAN KOKESEHHOÏN TKANK 1 IMAUNTOABIO CHIPAET
rawecrso rorosoR komm. Tlostowy m CCCP nprmexense storo cno-
<oGa KONCEPEMpOBARIA orpaHHueHo,

Chipre, KONCepaupoparinoe 3aMOPAKIDANIIEN, Naakinaerca MOPO-
Henao.

Ñ Koncepsnposanne conennen

Tlopapenkan coxs NPHHAMIÈXT K Mey | FHFPOCKONNECKUX
BEINECTB, SHeprHyHo MOFAOMALOMHX Baary. ECH nocBinaTs evo MESIPy
apHOR MIKYPh, TO COM HAXWNACT HIDACKATD HS TOMAN IKYDBI BAT),
a Necro ManaeuenmoÑ Dar MOCTenenno JAHHMAET Paccon, KoTOpHif
oGpasyerca Óxaronapa pactsopenuio com m some wkypu. Takum
oGpasom, BO-NEPINX, YMENLLAETER COMEPAANNE BAATH D LIKYPe, a D0-
BTOpHX, Y MNBINUBINCeCA KOMNMCCTDO DATA NPERPAUKAETCA 9 paccon.
Moñapelan conb u ee pacteop (paccon) He MRAMOTCA AAON MIA GaK-
Tepnh, 110. Mpensrerayior PA3SHOKENMO M MOXADAMOT HNSHCACATCAD>
POCTI, MHKPOOPrANHMOS,

Jlyamumm CnOCOGOM KONCEpBHPOBANEE CEPSA CUMTACICA coment.
“Ayuule acero coxpansier Kauecrno cuphm, YIPOMBET nPonauon.
CTBEHHBIE onepaim KOMEDEHHBIK 3BOAOB H COKPALAET LAOMAAE it
JASECTBO OGOPYROBANMA OTMONULIX TAC STHX 3aB0,10B,

Cannon pauHonaztbitint METOAOM KONCEPBHPOBANMA Anımercn co
eue © COJeBOM pacrsope (paccone); omo oGeciiexuBaeT Osicrpyi,
VO-IMy1O M panıtomephylo MponkTKY PACCONOM UIKYPE, nem yerpausercn
OMacHOCTE OCTABACHAR B LIKYPE HELOCTATOUHO NPOCONCHNEIK MECT.

NOPOKH CHPbA

Kauecreo H MEHHOCT KOMEBENHOTO CBPLA, HOMHMO yCAOBHÍÁ, O KO-
Topux FOBOPHAOCh Bue, SABHCHT OT MAMADA Ma LIKYPE TIOPOKOS, Ko-
Tophie pn BHAEAKE Koi YETPAHHTB NOMOCTHIO NOUTH HEBOSMOXHO.
Irn nopoKH OGpasyioTeR HACTSI Ha MIKYPe 2uBOTHOTO eme pH ero
Kun, YACTHIO pH HCDPADILIDNON CRENKE MIKYpH, à TAKE MpH HeNpa~
DH.AHLIX KONCEPPHPOBAMN m XPAREHHH chpba. HaxGomee pacnpoctpa-
HOMME M3 HX ABAROTCR:

a) Miproxnonenmbre mopoxn (pre. 4)

Boasuxu — MECTA MIKYPH, TOBPEKAEHHNE HAIOXHBIMA ÓOJIESHAMA:
ou XApaKTepHaylOTCA B TOTOBOR KOM PHXAISIN ryOuaTHM CTPoEHMeN:
Traun,

Kaeum—noppexzennn 8 site pasGpocammbx no ncehi umype
AKENTO-KPACHEIX MATHBILIEK BEAHUHOR C TOPOLNNY; B Pa3BHTOf CTa-
An OHM BLIRYKAL CO CTOPONBI ME3ApLL H Sano THOEN,. .

Kuyroskna — CHER YAAPA KHYTOM B BHAe Y3KHX OTOCOK Pasame
HOR nam.

Jlusyxa — nOBpEXAEHE IMUEBOTO cos, MOAYUMBIIEECA mpH NPO-
AONKHTEMNOM AHSAUMX OMOTO HHBOTHOTO APYTIM; OMA HMEET BHA
MEGONBIIIX, — OTHOCHTEBHO MPARHABHO PACNOJOMENMBX | LAPATHHOK,
COCPEAOTONEHHBIX D OTZEIBMBIX MECTAX LKYPHI.

Maxaax — MELIKODWAHAA, BUNYKAAR CKIARKA Ha LIKYPe OT BL
Erynaromux kocrefi; ona OÓpaayerca B Mepnon. CTAPOCTH, MH HAMYPA
TEMHOË GOMCSMA H HETONEHHM HHPOTHOTO.

Mopxesmna — Mexiue yrayGxeHHm AK HEPOBHAR DODEPXHOCTE IH
uenoñ cTopoitss CBMHOÑ LIKYPL MOR CHABHO HACHOHDLMNCA PNHAEP-
MucoM.

Haxoctum— OTBEPCTHE Ha NONAX UIKYPEL OT NPOKOOB ee MeCTKOÏ
rpanoñ.

Ocna — mamma Autamerpom 20 1 CM; OH noab.mıoren PH Pas
pyuemmá umypst ocnofl. Pasmaior ocny: a) Hesapocmry, mamma
BUNYKAME, TENHOKOPAUHEBBIE — He OBUHHE, HET — HA KOSMHHE 1
6) sapocuyio: raaakne Gene — ma ouvre m renter — Ha KOS1HUE.

Tapwa u vecorka — creas ORNONMeHHEIK Go.tesitelt

Porosunst — cream yAapa POTOM HHBOTHOTO; B FOTOBON KONE OH
aMeIOT BHA SAPOCIUBX B paSTHHOR CreneHH NPOPLIDOD xp.

Py6ent-—crerm 3apociumx POTORHH, tapannn, Óoximuex na MHUEBOR
cropore aya.

(Comm — CKBOINBE OTDePCTHS, MPOXA:LIDACNLIC D mKype AHH
Koll o8oxa; ON BCTpematorca B sapyGtteRasieNca, sapocitiem mize
(ocnumu), npuse sapyOuoBsiBanne SuiBaeT OAHOE # HETONKOS; 11OXO
Sapoeımne ocr MPH crHGauus KOM AerKO AOMAIOICA H HX BIIYTPEN
HAR OPOFOBEBIIAA YacTh MH 3TOM BHMAAT, OÓpasya CKBOSHME
orueperus,

13

CeXAOBMMA, XOMYTHMA, APMHCTOCTE —paspyuienne Ha nie Hk
MERIOM YAACTKE HIKYPEI CEA-IOM, XOMYTOM HAM APMOM.

Bona .
Pue. 4, Mpunnanemue nopokn konn

Tanpo — creat OTMCUEMNEX Ha LUKYPE FOPAIUM KERSOM yenon-
Wx Naxos, KOTOPHE ACIAIOTOA AJA OTMETKA, KOMY TPHMAUIEAUN
ange XHIOTHO.

Ulwsopotocts wan GOpyuIMCTOCTb —rayGoxHe CKASAKH Ha wee
HHVOTHOTO.

© Mopoxn cuemxm ukypts (pic. 5) 2

Mloapesn — pesyabrar ronpexaenin ACPMBL HOKOM BO Apena ne-
OCTOPOMHOR CREMKN LUYpit.

TIpopesn m NPOKOAM — CKBOZ!BE noupermenun LUKYPH.

4

Buxsari — secTuoe yaanentte (BHXBAT) MACTK MEPAIS HOXON, npit
vogmutee K HepasonepHol TOME TOTOBOÍ Kon.

Pue. 5 Tloponn mpm cae unyp

#) Mlopoxn xoncepauposannn u xpanenna

Buraocrs (peixnocrs) —pesyaibrat SAMOPAMHBANHA Ha OTKPATON
BOSAYXE NP CHAUX MOPOSAX H BETPAX; TKAH’ KOM PH STON
Meer pHXAYIO, _TyGHaryio
erpyerypy.

OMOBAR IIKYPA — mixypa,
CBCPIYTAR MAKETOM — KOMOM,
ApH pacnpaske Aaer 2OMMHSL
m Tpeunnt,

oronenne (sanex)—npe-
Bpamenme TKamn n poronyio
Maccy np BHCOKOÏ TeMnep:
Type cyluku (Ha comme).

Mipeannm — wecrnoe au
TANBaHIe uIKYPA Bcnencrane
HeCOEBREMEHHOTO Al HO:
CTaToNnO TULATENBHOTO ee
KOHCePRHPOBA HR. Pine. 6. Mopoxn xoncepanponanis

Tpemama M aomaabt — 10- w xpaneni (Ou)
DPEMACHNA wa MOPOMCHOM 4
npeckocyXOM cHpse MPH HEGpEXKHOM € HM oßpauenum (pic. 6).

Wecrosuna —npernna (noanapnia), nonysaloarcn B MECTAX co-
PHKOCHOBEHA WIKYpS € ILECTOM pH MNPABILADHOR cyuIKe cEIpEs.

Tloacoumnss — pests HECKROANBE, TOBPEMAAIOUUNE TONBKO HACTE
TORULAABE KORN.

‘Modecanuss Hq KOMEEAHMA — MODPEMAEHNA WKYPM NOMI HAN
Komeenon.

Paasa ll
NPOM3BOACTBO KOKEBEHHBIX MATEPHAJIOB

Koxeveunoe MpOHIWOXCTEO HET LEO MPEDPALNEINE mIKypLL, KO-
Topan ARTO NOABEPFAETCH 3ATHMBANINO BO BxAxKHOÍ cpene u Aenaercn
ectkofl H AOMKOÏ np BHCHXAMHA, 8 KOMY, T. €. B MATepnan, 06,14
atom OMPEACACMNON SAACTIMNOCTDIO N ENOCOÖNDETEO COXPANRTECR
pu noanekernnm Ha nero naar 16 Koneßannk TemmepaTypbi n yeao-
DER HOPMAMBROO ero HCNOTSOBANAR.

B upoussoxcrse KOMA UPHKONNTCA HET AA © pasame
DHAANH CUPLA, H3 KOTOPOTO NaroTobmercn OGUIMPIEÍ ACCOPTHMCRT
Marephao® CAMOTO paskooSpasioro wasHaveRua, OTAHYAIOULAXCR Apyr
OT Apyra coouMH CBOÑCTBAMH: -MOSTOMY HPOUECCH BEAM KOKN
oseib MHOrOOGpASH M CHEMIN ANA KAKAOTO OPACABNOCO BANA
MatepHta.t08,

Ulponssoacrsennbte onepauun no sienne Kox pasGuaaiorca ma
1pu TPYAML: noAroTOBHTERbHBE onepann (conteste), npoueccE AYÓ-
“EMA H OTACTOAMAE ONÉPAIUI.

MOATOTOBATEALHLIE ONEPAUHH
MoAGop nponsmoacrBennsx napruit Kom

Komeseuoe cuipse, mpexne vem noctynuTs a 06paborxy, ZomEHO
Serre TutaTebHo NORCOPTIPORANO, “TOGM B OTACABMEX MAPTHAX B Mpo-
Lecce MPOMSDOXCTBA NPHXOMLIOCh MMETb 1670 CO _WKypaNH, NO BO3-
MOXIOCTU Mato OTANNBOUNEHC OLA OT APyrob. Dro mueer Goabimoe
Anavenne, TAK Kak OGeCneumBaeT pannomeptyi OGpaGoTKy KaaOÏ
VITYKH CHIPS B MAPTHH H HEOGXOAMMOE KaveCTBO FOTOBOÄ NPORYK IN.

Tiponsooacrvenmmie naprun KOMUIEKTVIOTCR M3 CUPbA oMpesterex-
Horo amy, OAMOTO KakOro-m6o cnoco6a Kouceprponaus, Gone um
Mekee OXHOPOANOFO To MADIIAAB, HAOTHOCTH, TOMILMNE, BECY H UBeTy
mepcra. Hoa6op nponsoxersennbx naptuii NPOMIBOAUTCA Ma Cupne-
Bux exnanax

Ormoka. Ckounzextosanntie MPOHBORCTDENKKIE MAPTAH mocry-
Mar B MPONBBOACTBO, TAC NOADEPAITCR Hepsoi Omepaunn — 7
Moke, KOTOPAR AOIKHA OÖECNEUWITK: OTUBIBKY CHPIA OT Barpmanenni,
Vaancune KONCEPHUPYIOLLIN Beutecra (com) m NACTH CeaKoB, KENYA

16

Hx Ju nonyuenun KOXH, a TAKE OBsoqNEHKE CHPL, T. €. coobule:
Hie eMY TAKOTO KOAHMECTBA BATH, KAKOS HNEA LIKYPA, TOMKO TO
cugraa e Muinomioro. OGnoxuenne BOCCTANADANBACT Ccrecrseumyro
CIPYKTYDY UIKyDH, aenaer ee maraali m THOKOH, TO HeOGXOAEMO moa
Aanomeluux onepauuf npoussogersa. OTMOKA IPOM3BORNTCA OÓpA-
Gorkoñ CRPbA HACTOH noAOR a cnemmasbnoR annapatype — yanax,
SapaGanax.

Mesapeune. Ormosentoc Cupbe nepexoaur ta creayroutyio one-
pato — wesnpemme. Mesnpermem nastinaior Mexantueckoe Yaazenne
CO UIKyps UACTH MOAKOXHOR K.eTSATKH (ME3APH), à TAKKE OCTATKOB
aca m caza. B Hacrosuiee speMst MesapenHe MPONSBOJATCA Ha CHEUR-
anna MesApHabiBiX maumiax, Mesapa tia SToÍ maume cpesaerca
OCTPEMH HOKANH, HACAMEHHMNM Ha ÖHCTPO Bpamaromulica Home-
son san.

Henpasmabnoe u neGpexcnoe npopenenne onepaunii OrNOKH H Mes-
Ape neuer 3a cooÑ caeayiomute TOpOKH 8 roTOBOM pabpuxare:

1. B pesyasrare nenomezenna OTMOXH 10 Koma Aanbreiune one-
PAWKH MpOHSBOACTBA HPOXOART HEHOPMAMBRO, WTO B TOTOOR KOXE
BhpaxaeTen 8 HEMPOAYÓS, AECTKOCTH i MOPUAMINCTOCTA HULEBOTO
caon.

2. Bpeana 4 MAMMINAR MPOMOAANTEMHOCTE OTMOKH, ocoGeuno
np Texmeparype buure 20°C, Tak Kak Ha BHsHpaer puixaocr, ryÓ-
MATOCTb H OTCTABAHME AHLEBOTO CO KOMH (OTMHH M OTAYUIMCTOCTS).

3. Tipm o6paGorke Ha Mesapmboñ Mame naoxaR ONHCTKA
CUIPbA OT sarpasırennh um meöpexnan PETY:IMPOBKA MAINE NPRBOAUT
K OGpagoBaÑo AID, DEEXBATOD M K MECTHEIM YTOHEHHN KO.

ObessozoumBamne. Tlocae Mes1pemna tiKyps MPOXOAAT omepanun
ynaJema Bonoca (mepcrm) — oSessononbarte. OTH onepaunn pas-
Guoaiores na que cran: OCNAGAEANE DOJOCA H MeXaHUGeCKOE YE:
ne ero € ROBEPXHOCTH MIKY DA.

Ocaaönenne soaoca. [pi oc1aßnenun sonoca HCNOMSYIOT CAEAYIo:
1uyro ocoGemiocrs crpoenun wiKypbl: camancrar (abnuraestal) eno
amixepxnca, HANOMMNÄCH MEXAY PoroniiM Cx0eX 1 APMOÏ, COCTORT
HS GeaKOBBIX BMIECTB, vIETKO paspyuiaiomUxXcR mpn BosaelicreHH Ha
Hero pata peareuron. B stom xe coe OOUNHO Haunnaerca OCOGCHRO
INTENCIBMAA HamemenTEMMOCTs — GAKTEpMÍ, TAKIKe IPABORAMAS
x ero paspyınenmio. Sto AaeT BOSMOXHOCTE, COOTRETCTBEAKO peryam
PYR mpouecc, CPABMATEABNO AETKO OTAENMTO ITMACPMINC M BOAOC OT
AME, a SATEM VANNES HX.

HaviGonee pacnpoctpavenina a KOKEBEHHOM NPOHABOACTBE. Cnoco-
Gou ocnaGrenua sonoca ABNAETCR 3oJMa mm OGpaGoTKa LUKYPEL me-
xowamw, Jan 9TOR we ynorpeGaseres npenmyinectsento ramenan
uasecre. Famenyio uasects pacrsopaioT 8 BOXE; NOAYNAIOT manecrko-
BOS MOJORO (SoabAMK) m STOR HHAKOCTHO OOpaGaTHIBAIOT UIKyPEL
OGpaorky npowseonar B Haltax, Gapkacax-raumensx Hau B creat
‘bx GapaGanax.

OnncaHhi citoco6 OCARÓNEHHA BOMOCA NPHNEHAETCH Tann 06-
Pa30M PN STOTODACHAA KO PACTITENSIEN AYÓJCIMEN; B XPOMOBOM
Ke MPOHSBOACTDE 97a ONCPAUHA MPOBORNTCA HHAWe. BACH Aan STOË
eam MPHTOTOBAMIOT TYCTYIO CMECL 8 onpemementoh HONOR raute-

17

2 Moworı opunepev conor

MOR HIBECTH C CEPNNCTBIN HATPHEM MH CMASLIBAIOT CIO ME3APORYE
Macro UKYPH. Yepes mecKomero acon cepnnerufi war, KOTOPHIE
5 CMCCH RBAMOTCA Gonee AKTHBHEIN PearcHTOM, NPOXOAHT CKBOZB CIO
TOMMY AEPME m paspyivacr CMMCTA CaoÍ SHHAepMuca, oGecneux
BAR JerKoe YHaneme n0.0Ca. ÓTOT CMOCOÓ naahınaercn ocnaßzennen
ponoca wawasbio. Ox wärcer TO upenwymecrsd, WTO 3AHHMACT MAzO
BpEMENN M MOAMOCTUO yerpausieT nOpay 1uepera.

Ynaxenne (cronka) weperm. [ocre 0cxaÓxena Boxoc xerxo cxo-
ANT € NOBEPAHOCTN WKyps Hu Yaxeine ero He NpexcTanaseT Gomb-
woh TpyNocrH. Cromka weperm MPORSSOMTCA HA CNEUHAABHEX 80-10
COCTOIfIHX MAIIMMIAX, NO CROEH KONCTPYKUI NOXOKAX na MEAPHILr
mete, HO PAGOMAR Ban 9THX Man HACKER Me OCTPEMA, a TyMbinie
Conparsusiva: moxasur. Likypa, moasenenan mepeTbio BBepx x Tony
aay, GUCTPO OvMULaeTeS OT BoOca.

Tipn cromxe nozoca apyuny nomsayiorea cnemmaJemn HHCTpY’
MENTON — TYMHKOW 14 BENMOMHAIOT OMÉPAIINO Ha MÉPERANMMX. KOAOMAS
OOHTHIX OUHHKOBAHEMNM EzIESOM.

Henpammavueh mpouecc oGessovtouMvanna sever 3a COGOÏ ese
AYOMHE MOPOKH a rOTOROR KOKe:

1. Kectxocrs, rpyGocts Kom, a TakKe Hanne noncena,
1. €. neyaañemtoro Bexexcrane MeAOBeIEHKOÄ 10 KoNUa omepaunn
JOIN MemKOTO 1OzOCA.

2. PUX10CTb, APAÓNOCTE, OTMMMICTOCTE $ OTAYIMCTOCTO A+
NeBoro COR KOXM BCACACTOME CAHLIKOM NPOAOAKHTEBHOTO SONCHHS,
ocobero npx BiscokoA Tewnepatype.

3. Cpuba anna ucaehernne werocTaronnoro ocaaGaenta Bo
soca 8 3TOM eayHae BMECTE © MEPCTHIO BO BPEWA CrOHKH BONOCA
‘ormupaeres HacTb AMNEBOTO c0R.

4. Hapannım enererane OGpaGorkn wa Ronococronmoh Ma
une MIKYp, WepcTs KOTOPHX sacopena NOCTOPONNAMN BKAIOMHHAMIL
(neckom, KOMKAaMH MABECTA M 7. BL).

Tlocite cronkn BOA0ca JAMA MATKHX COPTOD KOXKH NpoHsBORHT 06a
Lounoe soucie, KOTOPOE HassIrator 0ÉKOpHHM. Ero maanawemne —
eme Gone PaspiiXIUTb TKAHH EPM H TEM MIPHAATD KOXKe GOMBILIVIO
anacrinnocro. Bo npenn sto! onepaunn uxypa, € «oropofi cust sonoc,
DMACPAVULCTCA NCKOTOPOE BENT B MNCTOM 3OAHHKE, MPN TOM Ona!
normoman sony, MAÓYXACT, TOLIMA ee VBENUNBAETCH, a MIOMANS
HECKOMBKO coxpamaeres.

Tome, T. €. ukypa © YAAACHMOR mepeTsio, mOCe cron nodoca
mam nocxé OGKOpHOTO aanennn (scan OHO MPOHSBOAHTOCE) TinaTeaoKo
npowbigaercs «mcroR sozoft 5 GapaGane. Tlpomsiroe rombe sropuano
MOIAPAT Ha MALIMNC AN YAaneıms OCTATKOR MOAKOMMOR KaeTaankı
Tax kak PH JTOM ace HE Ka Kpasx KOH OCTAIOTOR OCTATKH MES,
TO mx YXAMOT BPYUHYIO Ma KOTONE OCOÓNM OCTPEIM HOKOM (nORXOA=
Kofi). Jase omesapennoe rome KTAAYT Ha TOÏ Ke KONOJE IHLEDHN
croeu BREPX m CHENMAMBNNM HOKOM BHMHMAMOT OCTATKH sYKORNIL
POROS, MACTD H3UCCTA, FPA3L HT. M, a Take COpuBaoT ocranumdca
na rome ponoe (MOXCeA). Irn onepannn, HAMMAM UHCTKO ua
n CBOAKON moncena, HEIOT GOASLIDE sHaveHHe, OCOÓEHHO MpH npons:
MOXCTOC MATKUX (SEPTHNX) KOR, TAK KEK OU CMOCOÓCTOYIOT NOYUE-

18

no PAAAKOTO m HOMNOTO IMIEBOTO canon KOHN, Tpu HeÓpexKnoM BTO-
PUSHOM MESAPEHE H ANCTKE ANA MOTYT HMeTb MecTO CHeAyIONNE
MOPOKH: — TIOXPESM, popes, BEEXBATIS, MAPAIAND MH CPBIBK IA,
a Taxıke OCTATKH HeYAATEHNOrO BOzOCA (NOACCA).

Mocae wnersn ania rome BTopHyHo nponbinaeren 8 “ncroR none.

Ecam romina mpomertoro rom Gone weoGxoanMoli, TO AAA
MOAYTEMHA KOH OMPERETCAHOTO HasHaNeRHA FOIRE MORDCPTALOT. pac-
maomKe To Tonne (ABoenno). Ira paGora IPOHIDOAMTCA Ma eme-
Ma HOM ABOKAHON Marne.

Tipu pacnuawnanin roma nepxunf ezoh (muevoñ) mpemasita-
UNICA AJA BHACAKA anutenoh KOH, a nam (cmmnox) OGpaGaTH-
naeren OTRenbIio. Cmudox uocae AYÓMCINA u HABEZCHAA MA Hero HC
KICCTREHHOTO MUA MOXET ÓLITL MONOABSODAN D KACCTEC MaTepHa.IA
ANA MSTOTOBNEHMA AMIEBHIX COPTOD oGyAH nat ma razantepeñme
vanes.

OGeasoannanne. OGessonmvaun mMeeT NEMO YRIMITD 13 roms!
OCTaTku Marepmanon, KOTOpHIMA MPONSBOAKIACE soNKA (HIBECTH, cep:
nueruti narpuh).

Osessoamaaiine MPOMSOMUTCA veulecTHaNH, XALOIHMA € HBOCCTEO
erko pactsopinsie coeamıenin: pactropam COAMMOR M cepHoh KH-
CAOTAS, ÓNCYASPATOM MATPMA, cePHOKHCABIM AMMONHEM HT. T.

OGessoamanme npoussoauren » Oapkacax ma» Gapabanax.

Tlaoxoe oGessosmeanne roaba Sarpyanner npoueccer aynenna 1
MOMET BUSCATE KECTKOCTH, OMKOCTD H CTHXKY -IMMEDOTO C08 KON,
TO Öhinaer 8 TOM CIYTAS, ROTA Haxop (NAÖyXanne) TOBA, nonBepr-
nyroro ayOnenmo, ne yerpaneh.

Canuxom NPOAOMKHTENBEBÄ npowece 0OessoamBanım NPHBOAUT
K OGpaaonaNitto KHCAOTHOTO HaxkOpa, TO BHSHBACT AONKOCT MMMUEBOTO.
CAOA KOXM, à B HEKOTOPEIX CAYUARX e APRÓJOCTE M PHXMOCTE.

Maraenke. [ocre 00essonnsanns 4 noc-teayioute IpomtIBKH robe,
npeanasnavennoe AA IPOMIBOACTIA MECTKAX COPTOB KOM, CAHTLETCA
nonroronnennmu K AyÓxemmo. [pn BmpaGorke Xe MATKHX BepXHHX
KOMEREHHHX MATEPHAMOB Tome, AIR COOÉLIHER emy KeOOXORHMOT
SMACTHYHOCTH, MATKOCTH H HEAHOCTH IMHICBOTO COR, AO:DKHO NPOÏTI
ee omepanıno maraens.

Maruenne uMeeT Nemo OKOMIATOABNO OcBOGoAHTE FOIE OT 0C-
rarkoB Hssecra u rpxsH (XHpo, IpOLYKTOS pacnana GeaKOD x T. 1),
ANKDMIMPODATE HARKOP u pACTBOPHTE EME HeKOTOPOE KOAMNECTRO He
HY GETKOB, MeuIaIULEX NOAYUEHHIO KOMM ONDENMHOrO KaNe-
crsa. B CCCP Maruexke NPON3BOAHTER nexyceraennbiont MATAHTEAAN,
D KavecToe KOTOpHX NPHMENMOTCA PACTHOPH CePKOKHE.IOFO AMNOHHA
€ BBeAeHHNN m MAX HEKOTOPHM KOTHICTEON BBITAKKE MS TOTKENY-
AOWOH EAL! HHLOTHX.

Marvenue NPOWMOANTCA D NOARMKNOR annapatype, rae Tome
o6paarupaeren PACTROPOM warsurena,

Henpapaabioe uareie MPHDOAMT K TOMY, TO FOTODAR Koma NO
ayiaeres roel, ApsóxoA, nyxaok, a mmienoh ee caoh oreraer or
EPM (OTNHH, OTAYIIMCTOCTE).

TInxeav. Ira onepaunn nponseoauren np xpomoñow u xpowo:
pacrwrensnom ay6zennn. 3nech Tonne nocae VATICHBA NOABEPFAETCH

> 19

muxenesawuio. TInkenenamnem AOÓMBAIOTCA eure Goubttero onaneHia
FOAbR, PACULENAEH CTO BONOKOH u YUCAMNER POMEMYTROD MEXAY
uw, sroGu oGecneunrs Óoaee GMerpoe npannkmonenne AyGuTeTA
8 Tony roma. Dro xocraraerca 0GpaGOTKOÏ roms c1a6UM pacrso-
POM commuoñ man cepoñ Kucxoru, K KOTOPOH A00aBaeıo 11eKoropoe
kommectao com.

Tlaxeresaue nponsnoanten 8 GapaGanax

Ecan onepauma mens npovenena weOpexio, To 510 Brewer sa
coGoi B TOTOBOR KoMe CTAKKY MMIEBOTO COR H TOKOCTE MATEPHAN.

AYBIENHE

JlyGnenne ABanerca OcHOBHOA onepauneñ KoeneHhoro MPONIDOA-
ere, Tax Kak ONO Npespauaer COOTUETCTUEHNO OGpaGOTAUNYIO 4 MOA-
FOTORNeNKY!O WKYPY B KOXY — n MaTEpHAN, pesxo OTAMNAOAC OT
HexoRKOTO CHPER $ OGnaRIR HEOOKORHMENM NOTPCÖHTENBCKAUN
csoicrsamn.

B nacronntee npeun cam pacnpoctpanennbmn aBmmoren ce-
ayiouuie BAAS AYÓJCHAR: pacTuTetbHoe (rAHHHANOE), XPOMOBOE H Xpo-
Mo-pacrutezsHoe. B nocaexmme ros Gombinoe pacnpocrpanenne mo-
Ayana CHNTETINMECKUE AyOhTeAN; OAKAKO OIM NOKA IPHMENMOTCH He
CAMOCTORTEABHO, A MID 8 KOMGHHAUHN, TAARHHM OÓPazOM C pacta
rembHbIME AYÓMTONAMA.

Pacrureasnoe AyÓnenne

Koxu pacrurensnoro aydaenun (spacnonyOnue) oGaaaaior nocra-
TOuKOR npouOCTHO, BOAOYTOPHOCTBIO H BOROMEMPOIHUAEMOC TH, MA1O-
TATPOCKOMHMHBL, BOSAYXONENPOMMHILAEMBL, B NPOECCE HOCKH NOLTE
#3 KHX HSIEAMÁ OGECIICUBANOT HEHIMCHAEMOCTÉ PASMEPOB MOCREMHHX.
Hapaay © nonoxuresbiein KayecTnanh OM HMEOT Hf COM HERO:
CTATKH no cpannenno, HanpkMep, C XPOMOBEIM KOxauH. Onl THKENEC
mocenuux H 8 GombuleR CTENEHA paspywiaioreR nox REÏCTBHEN Bsico-
ofl remeparypis.

Pacrivembmtim AYÓMeMeX naabinaeren AyÖremme, np KOTOpOU
3 xaneerne AYÓNTENCA npuMenaior Beuleera PACTATRNOTO nponcxo:
MRENER — TAHIR.

ÖCHORKKINM DACTHTEAHBIMA AYÖHABHEIIN NATepmasanır, mpi.
unownunen 8 CCCP, asamorca: a) Kopa ayda, eau m uni; 6) ape
secuna ayGa u «aulrana, 8) KOpHH Kepwexa, GagaHa u Tapaña;
r) mers cxymmo m cyMaxa, Ma mmx nmepawe Abe rpynmix JHMeor
canioe Goxsuioe pacnpocrpanenne.

Tann MOAySIOTCH HS PACTEMUÍ TEN DBILLCAASRBaNER — 9K:
erparnponannn nonof AyOnmmex metepnanos. Jlan sro wen mare
PHLTE MCKO HBMEMBUALOTCA H OGPEGATHBAOTEE BONO, D Korapoli
Tankmamı pacteopmores. Mlozysentbuii pacToop Tammmao KasKiBaIoT
AySunsneio coKOM. Bainapknannent Haller naarıl yAanmor u nor
aot AyOmbmble SKerpaktu. ITH axerpaxrÑ IPeACTaBAAMDT COGOÏ
PS

%

20

Ayönaumse srerpakru Graronapa cnoeii JerKoM pacteopunocth
B POLE AAOT SOSMOKHOCTE OHCTPO MPHTOTOBHTE COK MOGOÏ KOMEN
Tpaunm.

‚Ayönenne roma pacturezsnuinn nyOnrenun moxer Gus nunon-
nero. pasanunbinn criocoGamm. Han6onee pacnpoctpavennam na mx
ABAMETCA CIOCOO COKOBO-Gapabammoro ayGncana. Dro Aybreme pas-
Gueaeten na Ane CTAAMH: a) coxonoe Aydzeme # 6) AoAyOamsaune
Kom 8 6apadanax.

B nepooñ eranım rose noanepraeren ayönenmo » cucTeMe uanon,
KOTOPYIO NA9bIRAKOT COKORBIM XO7OM. Ja STO! team Tonbe nommen“
BaioT B Yanax M AeÄCTByIOT Ha Hero AYÓMIBMEM COKOM; ObpaGaTiiBae
Me MaTePHAM HOCAEAOBATEADINO NEPNELIAOT ma “ama B uan. B Ka-
KAOM HS MANOP, KOANTECTBO KOTOPEIX OMPEAEASIETCH D. SABHCHMOCTIE
OT BHAA KOK m MIPHNENAEMOTO AYÖHTEAA, KOMLEHTPAILAM CoKon
AgeTCH CTpOFO onpexeucnnofl H TAK, UTOÓRI OMA BCE BpeMA MOBBINIA.TACK
OT tavaza nponecca 0 ero oxonsanns. TIpu sro RoOKBaIOTeH BOS:
MOHO Gone MONHOTO HCNOABAOBAMRA TAMHANOR AYORABHBX COKOD,

Tlocae npoxoxeHHA coxoBoro xona Koma YeBanBaeT or 50% 10
70% roro komuuecroa TANINAOD, KaKOe ef HCOËXOAUMO Aanı sanepuıe
His nponecca AYÓenMa. Zaren MponaDOAMTCA aomydanuauıe Kom
B GapaGanax. Kom sarpyxaioten BMECTE © HEOOKORAMEM Koame-
CTBOM CBEMENPHLOTOBMEHNOTO COKA B crreuMa.tbEBe GapaGanu; Moc-TeA-
ne Tepwerivecks 3URPEBANOTCA M mpHooaATes Bo Bpameme, KokerpyK-
una GapaGama it ero Bpamtenne OGecnesMpaior YCHAEMHOE nponirknone-
We coka B KORY, COOTBETETBYIOMIY!O OGpAGOTKY ee BOAOKON H Gu
erpoe ayGnemue warepuana. IyOrenne B Oapabanax Takme tpeöyer
nocTeneimoro MODLIIEHNA KONMEHTPAUMN COKOD. Dro noeruraercn
cweHol COKOB HH nepemememen Kom Ma ORMOTO GapaGama
2 apyroh,

Tipaswnuñ npouece Tpeöyer coßmoaennn erporo onpenenennoro
Pernia ayOnennn, axe ycAORHANH KOTOPOTO ABAMIOTCA: Kon-
LeltrpauiiA COKOB, HX KHCAOTHOCTB H Teumepatypa.

Tlopokk, rosysaionsHeca 5 TOTOBOR KOK BCICACTBME OTCTYILICHNA
OT IPADMALNOTO pexuna ayOzenes, enenyiouite:

Henpoay6. DTOT MOPOK ABARETCA PesyabTarom HCOBERENHR 20
Koma mponecca AyOnenun: nyGHTeAs Ke MpoKpaumsae Bei TOMAN
KOM, OCTABAAA BYTPH CUETAYIO MONOCKY, Cocromuyo 13 Hemponyó
ACHKHX BOJOKON; HENPOAYÖREHNAR KOMA HMPET HAMHUNIOO AKECTROCTE,
a mpi BMCyumBamın ENTER IOMKOË.

Canxa anua. Cankof ue HESMUAIOTCA paspuint! attuenoro eon NPA
noriGamin KO; MPHHMANM STOTO MOpOKa oryT ÓSITE HAN HeyCTpa-
neni KHCAOTHEIA HOP TOR, MPH KOTOPON UNO sakpenuneren
AYOUTEIAMH B HANPFKENHOM COCTORH, HIM KE MPMENEINE CAMKOS
xpenkix coxoa 5 nauane AyOnennn.

Paccaamsaewoers. Paccrammaenocre ects caeerMe noanelerenn
BSICOKON TeMMepaTypst 80 open aoayÖananın D GapaGame Ha KORY,
enpony6aewryio © COKOBON Xoay; 370 MPUBOANT x Capusammio Gea:
KOBBIX BEINECTD B CePeAHHe TONLE KOKH, K HEPYLIENMO ee BOMOK=
MHCTOR CTPYKTYPH HK PaCCHAMBAUNO.

a

Mepeiiocrs. Stor HOPOK BHPAXACTCA 8 MCCTHON CTATHBAHHE AAU:
xoropoe moayuaerca np# oGpaGorke Fons D manane AyOrenmn Cut:
KOM KPenKiI MT ONEH KHCTMV COKON.

Jomkocre. JIONKOCTS ABIMETCA CACACTIMEN IPAMEHCHMA HEROGPO
Kaneernennsix AyGuTeneh man AyÓxelma mpn Oven BNCOKOÏ Teunepa.

10 AYGACINA TANHHA ELLE MEXOCTATOYAO NPOWNO sakpenanoren
ia BOROXNAX KOM. LAR WX OKOMYATEBMOTO aakpennenns BEIAyGIEN-
Bile KOMM CKAAAMBAIOTOA B MUTAGOAM H HM XACTOR MPOEKKA m Teue-
me 1—2 eyrox.

Cospentiine Kor MOADEPTAJOTCA IPOMBIBKE AAN yaazenna noma
AYÓNABMEIX MATEPHA:1OD, MAXORAUUXCA HA NOBEPXHOCTH KO, H HecBa=
sanııx € Hew Tannnaos. TIponsioka uponssoauTen a qanax nano Ga.
padanax. Ona aenaeren Tem TUaTeAIee, vem Marve AOTKCR
Gurs waroronnneusih marepman. Flaoxo OTMEITBE Kor HMeIOT Tew
M, Hekpacuasif BHA H derKo JOMAIOTCA NPA Biicyummnansn. JOM
KocTs KOMM OGUANO © TaKHX CAyHaRK OÓYCAODAMBACTCA HAMMAM
MeMAY RONOKMAMMH GOAHINOTO Kommuectna AYÓNTEACA, CKAHBIOMUX
2ONOKHA M AeTaIOUIHX HX XPYIKAMA,

Tlocie npowsiski KOXH COXEPHAT GOABLLOE KOIHUECTBO nOAM, KO
TOPYIO AAA MOPMAMGNOTO Npowesenu Aux onepaunfi ne00x0-
ANNO uacrummo ynamem. Alan sToro kon MOXBEPTAtOT OTIMNKE Ha
CUCUNAABREIX THapasaMNeckHx npeceax.

Xpomonoe ayGacnne

Xpoxomtm_ ayGxemmen shpaGerimeercr Gonbinoli accoprumerr
canbix pas0oOpaanıx 10 HAIMANCIINO u CHORCTDAN KOKESEHHEX Ma-
TEPHAAOB, HAYA OT MATKHX, MEMHX TATAHTEPEÄNLIK KOK H ¡ONIS
IpyÓoñ ecroh noxoumoñ. Xponopbie KOKH OTAMANOTCA MPOYKO-
TO, NATKOCTHIO, SAACTHANOCTEO M UMCIOT KPACHBMA BHELINHA BHA.
Heaoerarkou ux ybamercn WMCOKAM PITPOCKOMIOCTE u NPOMOKAE
NOCTb, a TAKE GOABINOE HEMOCTONHCTBO MMOLLAAN, 7. €. CNOCOG
HOCTS pactarHBarben M YCAMHBATECA.

B Kancerse ayGurench ups xpowovom AyOnenm mpumensuores cost:
xpowa.

PXpowonoe AYÓTENIE IPOIIBORAT, KK NPABtzo, TomKO NOCAE MPA
Baplrenenoro nuke.ienannn roba. B TOT Xe GapaGan, u KOTOpOM IPO-
NABOANAOCH MIAKEzICBANME, 3OAMBACTOA, NOCHE YAAAEHHA Nach MHKEMS-
ofl HHAKOCTH, XPOMODH KCTPAKT, H KOKA OGpaGarsimaeres HM 10
noanoro_npoayOannanns. B GapaGau mor Cum sata HA cpasy
hen MCQÓXOAUMAR MODA 2KCTPAKTA, man KE MloCTeMeHKO, MO YacTAM
Tin nompxenus KUCAOTHOCT COKA M RAR Peryamponanma cocrana
BXOAAULHE B HeTO OCHOBHEKX COXCÍ » GspaGaH BO apeus AyOaennn AO.
Gavamior ueoGxoAMOe Komuectno caaÓoro pacrnopa con. Cpezuns
npoxomanrensHocT AyGemna 6-8 wacos.

IIpoay6rennoer xomu oupenenneren poGoH «xa kun», Koropan
cocront R KUMANenHM OÓPABIa KOM DB TeYeHHMe HECKOABKHX MHHYT
3 Bone: XOpoIuO MpoayGrenHa KOKA ile ROIMUA MPU STON AABATL.
yeaaKn no naouaan Gomure 10%

22

Boiay6nensine xponosnie KOKH PASBEUIMBAIOTCA Ha Koanax faa o6Te:
anus, a sareu HX CKIAAUIDAIOT B HITAGEAR HIM OCTADAMIOT HA KOSAAX
na 1-2 CyTOK am panvomepHoro pacnpenenenun AyÓnTezs u Ana aa
kpenaexna ero Ha Bozoxuax Kok. Tlocae nposexkn Kom nonvep
rar OTAAMKE AR YRIICNUA HOMANIKA BATH, à 3ATEM CTPOMKE Ha
crennamux CIPOTATOBMAX MAMIAMAX 0 MOAYUEIMA MYARON Toa-
ei, PaCouum MEXANNSMON STUX Mau CAYKUT BAR € HACAMEN-
Mun Ha Hero OCTPEIMM CHARS HOKAMH,

Tlonerporaniiie Kox XOPOLIO NPONHBAIOTCA Tenunof BOROÍ » 6a-
faSane m HANPADAMOTOR Ha CACAYIOINYIO onepanmo — nehtpa.saumo.
Hefinpasnsauna mater ueAO VABAMTD 13 Kom CUOGOANAE KHCHOTU,
o6pasoramimeca Bo npeun AyÓxemua m mocrenyiomeñ nparexxn. He:
Tpaamsammo npoxssoaaT 8 Öapadanax, ucnoaayn an sro mem cna
Gue pacrsopui GmkapGomara marpnm Ha Gypix.

Tipn enpannasiom BHTOMMEEM yrasanıız omepaunk v rOTOROR
Koxe MOTYT Herb MecTO nOpokH

1) pm naoxof wehrpanmsaunn — OTRYIMCTOCTS 1 NORBAANE M
“1705 mocae Mupons Kon;

2) mp naoxoh crpoxke — BHXATH, nonpean 1 HepaBHoMepHocTs
‘omuuibs MaTepnaca.

Cunrammoe ayGaenne

Cunrannoe ayOnenne NPONSBOAHTCA np NOMOIH Tek HAOHIBAEMEIX
entreruueckux ayOnreneh. B CCCP y kaucerse cmernuecknx ayOn-
Texel! HanGomiee pacmpocrpañenne MOMYIMAN: a) cyabpir-nermo-
dose SRerpaktun; 6) Gecrans 11 8) anTpanema,

Cyanpur-yeaaaosnumn SKCTpAKTAMH HAISIDALOT NPOAYKTEL, 10AY
saewbe 13 OTKOAOS NPONSHOACTBA cYabbHTHO MeLmonoaı NYTEM
OSpaGoTsH cepxoh Kucaorok, OTDHAETPOBMPANNR m MocAenyroiterc
3ATOM BTAPHBAHIE,

Becran# upeactavanior coÓÓÍÍ CMeCb pata CAOKAUX XHMHMECKHX
coeanneniti (eyampoxnezors 1 cyabQocom) m HeComsUIOTO KOmMHIE-
cra xpoma. Man wx noaysenns HCNOMIYIOTCA BBICUIME NOrOMN Ka-
MEKHOyTOMBMOR combi (aurpaetoBte Mac).

Arrpalemb — peuecroa, MOWTH auaaormüisie mo cocrany Gecra-
Ham, MO D MIX CONEPnIeNNO OTCYTCTAYIOT XpOMONHE COM.

Önbır npunenemma nero CHNTANHOTO ayGneRus MOKASAN, UTO Bit
AYGACHMBA sTHM CIIOCOÓOM KOXA SHaMMTEMMO yCTynaer NO KavecrBy
Koxax xpoxoworo a pacturesuoro aybneunn. Mosromy cmrrermueckne
AYÓNTeA MOKA HCMOMAYIOTOA TONKO m KOMÉHMAUHE € PACTHTEMS-
HN (TANHHAAME) 1 XPOMOBENH.

JyÓxemue npoxoanr ave cranın: cuavaia MPOMIBOANTCA 1yône
Hue TaHHHAaNH, a ATOM — AOAYÓMMBANMS KOH CUUTETANECKAMN AYÓN-
TEAMMI, HAM e MAHAHAMT YÉMEN CHMTANAMIL, & 3AKAnUiBaRoT
Tanmnaauın

Buxy6nennoe STHM KOMÖHKHPOBAHHLIN CUOCOGOM Tone haaunaeten
Komeii cunrano-pactureasnoro ayOnenna. Tlo caoum ditanko-mexaun-
“eckHM CBOÑCTBAM OHA ÓJM3KA K KOKAM MHCTO pacTHTembHOra AYÓNe-
ie,

2

Ormocurenbno orpauiienHoe nphMenenue cuirerseckux ayOure-
elt HUCKO:IDKO He CHIDKACT HX SHANCHN, TAX KEK OHM ABAOTCA Ma-
Tepnananın MeHee AEDHINTHBIMA M Gone BSTOXHHME, EM OCHOBHE

ay6urenn,

OTAEJOYHBIE ONEPAUHH

Oraenounsie omepaun nwetor wenn cooGurs DRAyÓxenoñ
Kone CBOÑCTDA, OMPERERENEIE NAANAUEHHEN COOTHETCTEVIOLLEX KOME-
BeHHBIX MATEPHA.IOB. Coa OTHOCATCA: NpHAaKHe KO Cowie Mar-
KoctH, slacTHstioerH Ham Gomueft mioTHOcTH $ KECTKOCTH, C006-
meme ef onpenenenKoro BMemMero RAA — OKPACKH, PIAMIA, TOTO
RaW APYTOTO PHCYHK MAA, BHPABHABEMIE KOH TIO TOMINHE, YCTPA-
Nene Me-IKHX MOpOKOB Ha ‘ee MOBEPXHOCTA H T. M.

B saBWCHMOCTI OT BHAA KOMM ee Hasmauennn KapakTep u KO
necrno OTACIONNNX omepannfi paammunt. Hampnnep, KeCTKHE KOKE-
BeHHSie MaTepHA.IH, IPCAKASHANEHNDIE Min BAIKDOS AeTanef OO,
MOALEPIAIOTCA 9 OTACAKE MCÓOLDAIOMY KOMMECTEY CAUHITEMHO
MPOCTHX omepaunÄ, MOMAY TOM Kak An OTACAKH MATKIX KOM, 0C0-
GeHHO XpONOBEIX, STH OMepANHH AECHMA MHOTONICACHME H PaaHo-
o6pastts.

Oracaoutbe ouepaiuin DEAYTCR AIR IKECTKNX KOK D CHEAVIOLUEN
Nopanke: OTKHM DORM (npecconka), HHPOE HE, MoMBR.IKA, PASBOAKA,
cyinka, OTBONOMKE, MpoKaTka.

Oraeaka MArKHX KOM COCTONT H3 CAEAYIOMLAX NPOUCCOB: npo-
MbIDKH, CTPOMKH, MAQTHPODKH, OXPACKH, 2HPOBAHAR, CYLIKH, OTDO:
AORKH, PACTIMKN, MPOKATKH, MYUIEIAA GaXTAPM, 3aNHCTKH TOpoKOD,
Hanecehma onpeneneHoro pucynKa (Mepen) m panama ranma Amy
Kon.

Ocranonnmen na nammehum ua armx onepauni.

XKuposante KO. JLIA MpHAaHHs KOKE HeOGXOAMNOR MArKOCTH
H SABCTHANOCTH, YCHICHHR ee BOLOYHOPHOCTH, YUEMMENHR. BORONO=
npommaewoer 4 ANA YMENbLIENH FHrPOCKONHMOCTH KOA MOAUCP-
raiorea muponanmo. B KavecTBe MaTepHA10B ua Knponaknn MpHMe-
HOT cambie pasmooÓpasmbe BEECTEA; ENTPASHOE MeCTO cpean
MX 3ANMMAOT KML KMBOTHOTO MPOMCXOMACUNA, 3ATEM MHCPANL-
He Macna u TOKO 1 HCKAONMTETMHX CAYUASX — NACHA. PACTHTE A
Horo NPOHCXOXAEHHA.

Ma upoB KHBOTHOFO NpONCKOAAEHBA AIR HHPOKH KOK yTIO-
xpe6amor Teximueckoe caxo (rousse, cpioe, Gaparbe, Koitckor),
KOCTHH up, KOMBITHOE MACAO, PASAMINNE BAK BOBA a POW
up.

OcoGenno pexomenayerca a 9TO wes BOPpaIIb, KoTopas, He
pany e »uposannex, oGecnewmaer, Gaarozapa Hanno m Mell Ay-
Gnutux pearenTos, A exoTopoe KONCEPDHPOBANHE MATEPMAzIa.

Munepansnsie macza OGM IPHMENSIOTCA AAA KHPODKE Kor B
BHX NPHMEcH K KHBOTHHN KHAN. DTO OÖBACHAETER TEN, NTO KORG,
KMpODaMMEE TOABKO — NUMCPANDMEINU MACHIMH, He OÖCCHENMBaIOT
AONKHOTO KauecTna MaTepHana, Ta KaK OIM HENPONO 2akpenAMOTER
Na BONOKHAX KOMM 1 CPAPHHTEABNO ‚IETKO BULLETAUHBAIOTCR.

24

PacTHTEMDMELE MACS B HUCTOM BHX AAN KHPOBANIA Ko pH
mmoren PERO; HX HCMOMAYIOT MPEHMYINECTBEKRO An NOnYNEMNN
Ma, BXORRUWX B COCTAB KMPOBIIX 9MY“IBCHÍ, H AIR 0öpasonanın
JAKOB IACHOK MA MEKOTOPEIX DHTAX «om. B'MHPOBAIM CMCCH
salle acero DROAMTOR aAH3APHOBOE MACAO, T. €. KACTOPOBOS MACAO,
oGpa6oranioe cepnoh kucaoroM. K warepnanam pactuTesbioro po:
HEXOKACHHA OTHOCHTCA, M ROBOJNO MIMPOKO MPAMEIAETER PH KM
ponke xox, Gepecronui neror».

Lin KHPOBAHHA COCTABAMIOT M3 MEPENCIEHENX HHPYIOLLIX MATE:
puaxoB »mpopanunuie eect. PeueuTypa HX SABHCHT OT BHAA KO
Has oGnersemus m YeKOpENHA NPORHKHOREHHA KHPOB m TOY Korn
MoAayıoTca me NMCTHIMM KHPAME, A HX BOXMBIMA PNYABCHAMI, B KO-
TOpHX Man MEIKM wacrmun MÉPA PaCHPENENEMN B BOAMOÏ CpERE,
HAM SaCTHU BOX PACLLIENR D Macce Aupa.

JKuporanne npovsnomurca 160 BPYUMYIO, MYTEM KaneceHHA HA
MOBEPXHOCTB KOXH AHPORAMHOÏ CMECH INETKAMI, HOO B CIEILHAAT
Mux GapaGaHax, 8 KOTOPINE NIOMELMAIOTCA KOMH H SAAMBACICA NPEABE-
pureawio rozorperas CMec.

KozuiecTBo KHPOB, BBOAHNMX B KORY, Onperenmeren BHIOM Ma
Tepnana. Tak HanplMep, MOROUIBENNNE N CTENEIHBIE Komm MPOMHPO-
susaotca cao (2—5%), a Markie Komm ropasno cuabnec (10—
25%); MpOmexyTOWNOS TIONOAENHE MEXAY HAM SAMIMAIOT. MIOpHO-
Cenembune warepnanı

K ropoxa Kupopanın OTHOCATCA:

1. KecrkoËTL Koma — pesyabrar 1aoxoÍ npoxupooxn.

2. Mammume warxas, TPANKoOOpaaHan, camian KOXA — Caegcrone
CAMUIKOM OGMHOTO KHPOBANHS.

3. Knpopke uarua — mp WepastoMepyom Pacnpenenennn 2«upa
no noDepxnoctu KOMI.

4. Kupoose 1 cMoqmeTie HANETE, MOBARIONNHECA pH Mupona
Km Kom MEROÓPOXAMECTBNIAMIR MaTepHaaMA.

Kpawenne xox. KpaliexHew ROCTHPAETCA mpHaaHte Hoxe He0G-
xoxmoro ueera H sHeuHero Bun. Oxpacka A0Ku Gus mpowno!,
PABHOMÈPHOË H He ROJIKMA HaMeHATHCH TOR RAUAHNEM DRINIX O3.
neftcrouit (os1yxa, caera, Barn), B KoxesexHom mpoussoacrse MP
Menor’ Aya DURA Kpautenin: a) osyuounoe u Ó) HOKpLIBHOE.

Oxyuoutoe ABANETCA OCHOBHUM DHAOM Kpamemta 1 HMeeT ma
Gonsuree pacnpocrpanene. Oxpacka nosepxHOCTH KOMM AOCTHrAËTER
Mp Tom cnocoGe npawexeew KPaCHTCACÍ, CIOCOÓMBX camoctos-
TEABMO MpONHO (PUKCHPOBATACA MA BOJOKHAX Koh, MOKPLBAR HX NO.
WepxHOCTB.

Tloxprismbrm Kpamiemten HA3WBAOT TaKOe, pH KOTOpOM okpacka
KOM MPONSBOAHTCA NYTEN HAKCCEHHA Ha ce NOBEPXHOCTÉ CMECH Kpa
crea © KAkHN-AIGO KAESINHM MEUNECTROM, KOTOPOS MOCAE FCHXA-
Hs O0paayeT TOMKYIO MMIBHKY, OKPauleHHYIO B coorserersyouuA
user

B sannennoern OT Buxe m Hasmamenma Kom OKPACKA Mponabo-
antes pasanunsisn cnocoGaun. Kon, Hayiuse ma marorounenne
ohn, oGuisHo OXpaumparores nyTeM nahecennn KpackH Ha amneBoR
CAOR Komm merkawn. MenKHe KOMH Kak PACTHTEADROTO, TAK U XPO-

25

MOBOTO Ayaeıma OKPAUIMABAIOTCA D GapaGaKaX HAN NOKPHBHHM Kpa
ennen,

TIpw xpawenun 5 GapaGae KO sarpyaior » GapaGait, saamnaror
Tenaofi Boxoll, a saven, np ppamenm Gapaana, nOCTENeHKO BDOAAT
Wepes ero HOAYIO OCs HEOOKOANNDE KOAMUCCTBO pacrnopa KPACHTEAN.

Tipu nokptisiiom xpautennn Koxa, NpEABAPHTEMHO OKPALIEHNAR,
PACMPABAMLICA, HATATHRACTER MA PaMY, 3aTeM Ha ee TOREPXHOCTE Ha”
MOCAT TONKHR CAOR 3apaliee IPITOTODACHNOO MOXPHIBHOFO KPaCHTEAA.

Jon Toro uroßu oßecnewm, pabkomepnoe pacnpenenenne Kpack-
Ten na MOREPAHOCTH KON, ero HanlocsIT TEAM NPHÉOPON —
uunpyu-anmaparon.

K nopoxam Kpaweis orwocares:

1. Hepapnoweptoctn oxpacxi, MATA, MONOCH

2. Flaoxoe aakpenzenne Kpachreas Ha BONOKHAX Kom I lerKoe
pumubante non Aeñcrenem Bari.

3. Orerananne anmevoñ mentar, 0Gpasouannoñ xpacurenes api
Tokpunvom Kpanienin, a TAKKE ee AOMKOCTE H MEZOCTATOMAN 3410
eTHuHocTb.

Paanoaka ko. Llesbio sto onepanan Ab.inerca yerpanenne citas
ROK m Mopti, OÖPASODABLINKCR Ha KOE U Mpoueccex AyOrenun u
OTIKHMKH Ha Mpeccax, PasBoAK) nponauoAmT 13 cremas pas
BOANLIK MALINNAX, paGounm MEXAHHIMON KOTOPHX CAYAMT BAT CO
cran Macao HA Hero Tyan venian HO EM

(Pan ou u JAN MATKHX KOX NORBEPTALOTCA ADIOMMNTEADNON
Passonxe npyunyıo NH room ocooro muerpymenta — unkan. Ll
Jel MASHBASTCA METANANIECKAN MAACTHHKA, BIETAHHAR w RepenaMHy
PyKonmay.

Tlopokaun pastoukH ABAAOTCA: MOPIMMMS, CKAAAEH, 2 Mora
apammnts m CH aNLEDOTO CAOS,

Cyuma xox. Ira omepansn anna Oßecneunth YANN nam
KOB naar u ROBEXCYME &e COZEPAANIA B KOKE 10 HOPMAAHHOTO.

Cyuuka Ko NPONSBOAHTCR B CMEIMAIGHUX CYUMIDHX YCTANO
xax (oyumaKax), COCTOAUMX H3 OTACIBIMIX KAMEP, D KOTOPUX DAA
Hive KOKM MOABEPFAIDTEN BOSNEÍCTEMO CYXOTO nonorperoro BO3AYXA.
Nlocneanni monaerer 5 Kamepkt H Mociie Hachumehhn Baaroñ yaa
añerca ua HUX cnctewoh semtuamropos. ¡laa Moxorpeoa oatyxa
Buyrpit KaMep Ycrauanandator naponıe TpyÓN.

Teuneparypa cyurkw saıcur or Buna Kom. Tpeneabyo Teune-
ParypoR Ann CyUIKH KOK pacrumemnoro ayGsea cunracren 35°C:
ANA XPOMODEIX KO OHa MOKET Ours nosauieua 10 45°C. Obuuno
cyuny HaumHaïoT pm Óozee KMaKOH TexmepaType — moparia 20—
25°C, a Samen ee MOCTENEMMO NOBIANOT, ZOBORT 10 YKASENMEX
mpeaeios. Dro oGecneuiisaer Hopman Mponece CYLIKH 1 meoÓxo-
Auoe KaNeCTBO Kon. TIponommhTeinoen, CV ompejenserca
BHAOM Korn (JAA KPACHORYÓREX Ko Oa, Kak NPABHAO, ÓoJbule,
se AR XPONOUX), a TAKE TOAULANON H HAOTHOCTHO Marepwana

Tipu cyuke KOMM mau MORUEHBIOTER Ha MeCTA M KpIONKA, HUM
axe uabnnaioren (a PNOPAR nakmenbaloren) Ha CTELHANHNE Aepenak-
He MIHTB-PANEI, C NPEABAPATENNMM BUTATHBANNEN KOKH H SaKpe-
nennen ee 8 pacTaHyTOM COCTORNN

26

Henpabnabias eyuma uusuinaer exenyioue nopoxı;

1. Tloremmenne u xOMKOCTO Ana B KOMAX pactimensmoro AyÓ-
JIEKHA, MECTKOCTD I CAAKY 5 XPOMOBBIX KOAAX KAK CACNCTBHE CYK
TIPA RHCOKOR TeMnepaTyDe H YCKOPEHME TeMTaNH,

2. Jowkocrs KOXH TIPA MEPECYUIKE MATepHaJIa.

Orsoaacusanne. Lleabio 3TOR oepani sb.serea panmowepnoe
pacnpeneacnne naarH no Dceh TOME KON H HEKOTOPOC EG AONOAM-
TEABHOS — YBIAMNHCHNE, HEOÓXOMAMO ATH AambNefimHX omepaunh
oraeaxn,

Papnoxepnoe pacnpenesenue ezarn M HeKoTOpoe NOBLMICANE AK -
mocrx (10 20-25%) AoCTATaerca MyTex OKYHANKA KOK B aHCTYO
BOAY, SaChINKN BAAKHBIN ONKAKANM u OGpAATHBANER BOOM, € MO-
caeAyOUNM BLAEPANSUNNEN D TENEHINE MEKOTOPOTO BPEMEMH B UTA-
Geanx (npozexKa). Tip Homsovaun ommamm CKiLaALIBANME 5 Ta
Gena npowsnoruTeA AO HAM DO BPEMA JACHMK, a MH MPOAX CNOCO=
Gax OTRORAABAMNA — NOCIE YBNAXHSNAR Ko BOAO.

Mpoxarka. [lan ynaorrenia, yBenuiemma cTofiKocTH 4. coo6ue-
i muy rama (Gaecka) Mecrkne KOXH (NOLOMLA, CTEMKA) nocae
OTROAA)RHBANIA nonpepraioTes npoxatke. TIpokarka npomanoanren a
cnentaaskx mailmnax— KaTKax. Paßoueh wacTbio THX Mal
ABAAETCH MOTANMACCKOS KONECO (KATOK), KOTOPSM KOMA, TIPEABAPL-
TEANO NOAOKENNAA HA CTOA MALIMNE, IPOKATHBACTCA NO AABAeHKEM
B PAST manpanztemax NO «muenoÑi cTOpore marepmasa.

K mopokam mpokatkn oTHocaTes: HePABMOMEPHOCTE HPOKATKH,
csaGan mpoKaTka noaocts m nLAOXOR Tannen.

Pacramna (pas6wsxa, oTmnnKa). Sta onepauits nueer LEO nyrem

à O6paboTKH COOGMLHTA Kome DOMMY:O MATKOCTR H ana-
crmunoers H YBEMHMAT ee naomans. Oña NPAMHAETCA pH MpOHS-
WOACTBC MATKHX KOK KAK XPOMOBOTO, TAK H PACTITEADNOTO AYÚJEMHA.
Pactsakka MPOHMOAHTCH Ha OCOÓMX TAIMY.IOIEX MALIBIAX, KOTOPHE
ADOMHRaIOT Kom, pasMariaoT m nEITATHBAIOT. Alan Toro WTOGM oÓec-
MENUTb XOPOLIYE PACTAXKY, STY ONPAUHO NOBTOpAOT ABAKAN,
a mmorza # meckoKo pas. OcoGeHHe Tulare.ıao 102X Ha GT Opa”
Gorans Hanóozee NaoTHNe MECTA KOA.

TlopoKamH pacraxki ABAROTCA: TPEILMNB, PASPHBU, OTCTADAMNE
Anta; Bee ON OGIO HBAMIOTCA cEACTYHEM HAOXOÏ OTDOAOMKN
Kom.

Hanecenne annperypss. Lin noaysennn roma, a Taxe ray6o-
Koro m posHoro uBera, Koi moxpsipator annperypofl. Annperypoh
HA3LIDaeTCA CMEUMAAHER KPaCKa, B COCTAB KOTOPOR BXOAAT BEINE
crña (cnexag Kpomb, Kadenit, menarun, Kpomsto m amame anbOy-
ainsi), CMOCOÓKBIE MOCAE BRCHIXAMNA AMBATO TOMKYIO, ÓACCTAMNO,
Npowwo MPuCTALOULY'O K Amy KOKH muy. STH peiecroa pacto
piiores R none, K um AObananercn HEKOTOPOE KOMMÉCTHO Kpäckrean
M KaKOÏ-HHOYAL anrncentnk (sempunep, dopvaamn).

Jo nauecenna annpetyps mposoast OMCTKY Hua Koi, TOC
yaanmTe cup m oßecneunTs ayunee npHcTasaKne annperypHofinuenkn.
Owucrka auna nocrnraercn mporupkoh xomu Tparkof, cmoyenuoh
8 caaGom pacrnope mozonnoh Kucaorm. Tlocne MpOTAPKH Komm NOM.
CYUIMBALOTOS m ma HX MneBOA CAR Nanachten annperypa. Ira one

7

pauus IpOMBLOANTCA hpyanyio np MOMONL Cmowennoh B annperype
inersh Man TYOKH HAW Ke Ha CHENHANSHUX mauınnax. Anperypa
MOmKHa HAMOCHTBCA TOHKHM, paBHOMepHO pacnperermomuNer MO
ODEPXHOCTA KOK CAO

Nowenne. las cooGenur any Komm Óxecka (ranma), yraybne-
nua Ce OKPACKH m A NEKOTOPOTO YNUIOTHEKA MATTE KOKI, nocae
haulecenas annpetypst H NOACYIIKH, noAnepraioren JOMLEHIMO. Dra
Onepaitn® MPOMSEORHTCA Ha JOMEIMON Maude, paGouNM Mexanıs-
MOM KOTOPOÑ CAYAHT AQUIMADMA Bank, YKPEILINNB ma mepeanev
sonne waryıa. B pesyabrare oGpaGorks STH DAJIKOM, mopepxnoern
Komm (mpoKarka) mocTenemio CooÓmaerca xoponmA BHEUIMÉ BHA 4
rare.

Tip nenpaoumuow some MOryT ere MeCTO nopokı h anne
nooc, saMHHOR 1 aadoen.

Haxarka. Onepanua HAKaTKI MMCET wecbi0 apye BHIABHTD ECTECTBEN-
mal pueynoK (xepelo) Kor m Tem MpHAaTb ee AY XOPOLNË Dieu
ban, a Taxe obecnemim» namnehinee cyarueRNe kom, Haxarke
nonsepraioT npenwyutecrsento XPOMOBWE KOM (0MOEK # BPOCTOK).
Ee npoussoast na cnenmamoï waumee. [lis HéKATKN Kon He.
CKOABKO pas NPONYCKAITCH MEKAY OÓMTIIMI NpOGKOÏ mann Ma
ngs, apamawmunter 1D oAKON Manpanzrenm :

Wawona. Jan ente Gomsuero CMAPUEIIS KOKH Maa NPERANIA
ce Gaxrapme GapxamucioN, nPWATKOR Haouyte, NOBEPXKOCTH, KOKY
Homsepraior mumborxe, 1. e. oGpaGorke na u.ndonamıoR Mau.
Tipn nowoun sToû Matus Gaxrapma Komm OÓpadaTsimaercA name
KOM WIM AUCKOM, NOKPBITHIN HODKAAKOM Hm Mak RAMO Óymarol.

Faaxenne. Onepauneii raaxeiiia oGecteuieaior pasr 12H HBanHE
Komi m mpuame eh ente Gociee xpacimoro mmenmero bmxa. lake:
ne MPONSBONHTCA HA THAPABINGECKHX MPECCAX, KAKHMMBIE MANTE
KoTopux nonorpenaworen. Temnepatypa nozorpesa Komönercn B npe-
nexax 35—50°C u sapenr OT sa Kom

Hamepenne naouaax, Onpeze.renhe ntoitiaan FOTOBHX Kor SBARETCA
sakmownTensHoi —omepanuell > Koxceemoro nponanonerm. Oo.
IPOMSBOXMTCA pt MOMOLNM TUIANMMCTPOD HAN CMELHAAHEX MALE.
Konerpykuns nocaeannx oGecnemnaer Gmerpoe ompenenerue xo:
aan, BCANYINA KOTOPOR OTMeNaeTeR Ka UMQEÓJATE Mat.

Parana Ill

XAPAKTEPHCTHKA KOKEBEHHBIX MATEPHAJIOB
M METOABI ONPEAENEHHA HX KAYECTBA

Oraeasusie oma KoxKH OOLINHO HMEIOT onpeaencnnoe nasıauenm
OTCIONA m eneumanmııne TpeGORAHHT, MpeRBARIREMBIE K KAKAOMY (ba:
Puxaty m onpereamomtte ero diianko-wexanmdeckne u 9KenaoaTa-
WHOHNBIe cooAcrsa. [ps xapaxrepuermke STAX cuoÑicra Mi OcTano-
BHMCR FARBIGIM OÚPasOM Ha MaTepnanax, MPHMENREMUX A HSPOTO-
renta poenunoh o6yan,

KECTKHE KOKH

DKecrkwe Kom, mpenmasnavaemble To MPEHMYINECTBY Am H3rO-
TOBICHNA smeMeHTOS MSA OÖYDA, BHACIMBRIOTCA PH HoMOULM pacta
Tembunix ayOnreneh, K mim OTHOCATCA: MOROMIBA BHNTODAR, pahronan
x crezeuas koma (noxynaa).

OGuume rpeGosanus, MpeXbanamemBe KO Bcem Ges HcKmoNeHHA
IKECTRUM KOMMATEPMANIAM, CBOAATCH K CACAYIOMIEMY: KOMM ROA
Gars XODOIMO MPOAYÓNENH, TILATOMBHO OTMBITH, UNCTO OMEIAPENA,
BhICYMIEMbI 10 HOPMAMBMOTO COXEPIKANHA BATA, XOPOLIO pasBenenst H
IPOKATAME; OMA LOMAS OGHATATE AOCTATONKOÄ HPOMHOCTHO, HeOG-
XORHMOË MAOTHOCTBIO, CTOÄKOCTHIO K JCTIMOBACHMBN A MAX XH
HECKANI U dnaMKO-MexanHNecKHNN TOKABATENINN.

Kpome TOTO, omit AOMKHE HMETb NpOdH, He OTCTAMLLEE OT
Rp mo, me AaiOWIeE MPH CrHGaNNN paspeinon 8 BiLTE TerKHX
Tpemnm om,
gilt SBOGMY Kaveeray wecnune KOH PASÓABAIOTOA Ha TpH copra:

A, 24m 34

Tiowmwo Stix oÓnGx cnofiern KaxKAB BHA Kom meer CROH C0:
Gennoern.

Tonoumennast xoma. Tlonomnennan Koxa HITOTODAMETCA ADyX
TunoB — MOJOMBA BHHTORAR n paHTORAS.

Buurorol nOxOMBOR HASEIBAETEA KOM, HSTOTODACAMAN 13 LKyp
Kpynmoro poraroro ckota m DWAYÓXeMIaR AYOHTANNE pacramemnoro
MPONCKXOMACHAA; OMA MPHNENAETCR MpeHNYuLecTIeRKO Ha MOAOUIBY,
NPHKpeNsMeMyiO’ BHTOBLIM H LepedAKWO-uNuneHHLIM CNOCOGAMH.

Tlogousa winttowan OTANNAETCH CTOAKOCTDID, KeCTKOETHIO, NAOT:
HOCTHO, CMOCOÓNOCTAO XOPOMIO MEPHATÉ BHT M MARY H HeKOTO-
Poh nAaCTHANOCTHN, xaromeñ eh BOSMOXNOCTE xopomio kpopwmpo-
parecer, Ona smpaGariumaeren Toon or 35 20 45 u Gomme
MHAAMMETPOR.

Hoaousohi panronoh nassinnor Ko koWGmapopammoro Ayo
UI, MSOTOBNENIME Hy KIKYp KPYIMOrO porsroro CKOTA m upANenne-
MME MPEHNYINECTRENKO Ha _TOZOIAY, NPHKPENAEUVIO parromn Ha
MPOLIMBOUHBIN CMOCOGON. Oa HECKO.IBKO SaaCTHUKEe H MAPLE BHHTO
noli, TAK KIK AOWKHA XOPOUIO NPMUMBATBCH M NC KPOLMTLER PH
npopeske, 7. e. npn o6pasonaninn Ke106KA, B KOTOPHI NOMeNLaIOT Ha
PYAHYIO CIPOSKY, MPHKPENAMONIYTO MOXOMBY K parry. Toamuma pan-
TOBOÍ MOAQIUBA KoseGnercn B Tex Xe npenenex — 07 3,5 10 4,5 u
sue xuzammerpos. Tloxouemta «oa HesaBitcHMO OT ee runa OM
2kHa GiTb ROSAYXONPOM EMA m OG7ANATS BOSMOXHO MEMbUIEN KAMO-
KBEMOCTH, BOLOMPOHLAEMOCTHO IM TENJOMPOBOAHOCTAN,

Koma creacunag. Creneunof NASUBACTCA KOMA PACTITEMMOrO
mum KONÖMUNPOBANNOFO ayGnettun, Duinemamnan HS LIKYP (cpetunx pas-
econ) KpymHoro poraroro ckoTa m nplielisewan NPEHMYILECTBEHNO
ma cremky aan oOynt. K stoMy BHRY ToBapa B OTHOLIEHHN ¡MOT
HOCTH m SAACTHANOCTH NPEXLADAMOTCA Tpebonanım, ÓmmeKue K TEM,
Kanne. npestnanamoTes K noxomuemiol Koxe. Oña varoroaaserca
Tomııno 2,5—3,5 mo. Buwrorañ CTemka, Kak H BURTOBAR NOROMIBA,
oTammeres OT panropoh Gombulell TBEPAOCTSO i CTOAKOCTEI.

MATKHE KOXKEBENHBIE MATEPHANDE

Marx tiasisaiores KOKH, 113 KOTOPMX nsikpannaoren ane-
Meur mepxa oByan, Neranm chapaxenum m crenonexas. Markhe
KM RCASTCA wa ABe PJ: KOMM PACTITEADKOTO AyOnenmn u
Koxit xpomosiie. Kpowe 3Tix “ABYX OCHOBIX rpynn, 3a nocnemmme
TOR noayanam GONBIOS pacnpocrpanenke KOH: KOMOHMMPOANHOTO
RYÉTENNR — KDOVO-PACTHTEIBHOTO $ CHHTARO-PACTHTEABHOTO.

OCHOBHLMN DHAANN KOM pacrirenstoro AYÓJOHIA ADAMOTOS To
sodas, KONCKO m cumman. XpOMODHE KOXH, B COI OMCPCAb, NOR
Paaneamioren a OMOCK, BMPOCTOK, MOAYKOXMIK, HIeBpeT, leBpO H Ap.

Markne KOXH OTAHUAOTCR MAPKOCTHIO H 3MCTAMROCTAO. Onl
XOXIKHS GIT XOpOWO npORYOTENE u BLCYUIEH, ILAOTABL, PEMHHCTU,
hesanozmerer 1 nenoporneru, Heoßxonmvo, ITOÓM unernsie ep
Komm RAM paBHOMepHO oKpattenty; amiesan CTOPOHA Wx aaa
Ours uncrof — Ges nATen H K2.1T2, TIMATEMBMO pasBeeHHOA H pas-
ruaixennolt, Kpome Toro, oGssaremmmm TpeGopammen snanercn oT
cyrerae CTAmyTOCTEÑ na ¿une KOH, a mp HAN HeKyceTBEHNOH
Mepen, WTOÓNI nocieRUAT pacmonaranach pasmoepxo no Bceñ no-
BepxiOCTH Kom, Ges MPONYCKOD u Nepexpeilgnaunsn preyuKa m pag
Manpanaennsx. Kom ne XOWKHKI AABITÓ C2AKI MUA, OTAYHMCTOCTH
M oramita, Co cropon GAXTAPMEI OHH AOTKHE ÓNITO PABHOMEPNO Bbı-
crporanits, Gea buixnaron 1 yromerm. Kax marepnau Junk nepxa Gym —
OÓXAMATb 803AYXONPOAHLÉCMOCTHO, BOSMOHO MEHbLIER. BOZOMPOMN=
AACMOCTHO H TCNAOMPOBOZMNOCTANO.

30

KOMH PACTHTEMbHOrO AYBNEHHA

Mocroge. Moctossem Hasupaercn Koma, H3TOTOS.TENHAR ma paa-
amakoro clipes (43 WKY: Kpynuoro poraToro cKora, comsel, nomanen)
a BuAyOnenHaR pACTNTCABNSINE AYÓNTEISMN HAN KOMGMHAUMER mx
© MMIEPAADIGIMH HAM CHNTETHNCCKHMN AYOUTEAANH, HO He IPOLIEAIIAA
OTAEZOWIMX onepauiti, KoTopLiM nomwepraercn wir».

TOGre anonan. Aaonoh wibrb! HaswRAITCA Kon paCTITEMHOrO
HAN KOMÖHNNPOBAHHOTO AYGTEHUR, BLACAAHHN HS LUKÿP KpynHoro
poraroro cKoTa, COOTBETETBENLO OTACAAUME M NPOXHPOLAME M
periaamanenmere TAAPHNN oÓpasom Ha nepx TRIO oßyni. Ona
oramuaerca OÖMABHOR HPOGKOÏ H cneuAOHYecKHM sanaxom, CuOÎ
crocuus KOKE PaCTHTCAMMOTO AYÓNCHMA, MIPOXUPODARNOR UMCTLIM
Gepecronum xerren n bopuamblo. KOT» suloan xODAMA Oro HL1OT-
Noll u anacrmuof, aerxo dopwonarkch (nocaxunarica), ne nepeón
LaTLER WOM H CrpouxoÏ. JlÍmmo Kom AOTKNO OKT’ MIOTHMM I
BARCTAUHBIM I HO JAPATE MPH IPOKOJAX HEIOË Man WIKIO TPEUUHA
y xper orsepcruñ To oxpacxe wr» nnoDan nonpasgeameren na Ha:
Typanıiyıo, sepnyio # usernyio. Kölhrs a1onan nsipaßatinaercn Ton-
unnoit 1,8—2,7 MN.

Tr noncwan. Kouckoit 1Tbo Wasualor Komm, HSTOTOBMNNE
no MIKYP AOMAJEÍ pacturemmun Ham KONÉMMMPOAHENN CTOCOGON
AyOneKNS, cheilwasHo NPOXMPOFANHME, OTACTAMINE W MPHMEHAENHE
IA SHKPOR HS MIX OTRCMBNSIX AMeMENTOD Bepxa OGYeH. DTOT BHA
KOKH 110 CHOMM CHOÂCTBAN HCCKOABKO OTAMMGETCR OT IODTH H1OUOÏ:
ox Menee MaoTeK, Sore sononpONMaeN K BOSAyXonponnuaen, Goree
Taryu, xyxe Qopmupyerca (nocammpaercn) m yerynaer no npouocru
3A080R MT, OCOÓCHHO B MECTAX MPOKOMAEHNA 1IDOB H CTPOUEK.
HOgre xonexan Dmpabarmimacren roammmoh 1,6—2 mm,

Wor» connas. Connoh roro wasunaorcn Kor, Bunenaine
is KY cake pacrirenbHbin Hk KONGHHAPOS2FHEM CMOCOGOM
AYÖNEHIR, COOTDETCTDENNO OTIEAAHNBIC, MPOKUPOBEHNLIE 1 NPEANA-
Smaueimieie Aan vapor amemewros sepxa oÖyan. [Ohm comia no
enomu eRoÄcTnam anaukreno une ATH AXOBOÁ BCAEACTINE eR
ieh npouxocra x GONBIIOR BONOMPOMHILACNOCTA. DTO OSDACHRETCA ee
MopHeToerHo, MOAYAatOuEÑCA M3-3a OTBepCTHi, O6pasopanımıx np
yranenvix nonoca (mer); none 8 cnmmoñ wukype onen rpy6 u
CHANT MACTOMKO TAYÓOKO, ITO MOCAS ero YAIHHA m TOTOBON Koe
Macro HOIYUAIOTCA CKBOSMMC OTHEPETAA, OCAIGAMOUUME MpoMHOCTD
Tobapa 1 YoesHaHBAIOUHe ero DORONPONNLAEMOCTL. Ocztaßnenne mpou-
MOCTH eme Gonee ynemuMnacte B MECTAX CKDeMLICIMA OTAEIBNAX
DACMHTOS, DUIKPOCHNBIX H3 9TOÄ ROH, NO AHHH MPOXOMAEHNR LIEOB
ar erposex. KObrs coman nupabarsınaeren romummon 1,3—1,8 Mu
A mue,

XPOMOBHE KOXH

Bupocrox xpowontñ, Xpowoabis BHPOCTKOM H1A3HBATOT KORY, nit“
ACXGMEYIO #3 MIKYP TeAAT (BPOCTKOB) npu MOMOUIN XPOMOBOO AYÓ-
Acıma u ynorpe6nnenyio npenmymecrnenno wa nepx 06ÿBH. Bripoctox
OGNANACT XAPaKTePHO AR Ko XPOMOBOTO AYÓJENAR. THTPOCKONHX

sı

MOCTBIO, MAFKOCTBIO H 3RACTIUMOCTEIO. OcoGeHHoe BHHMAHME np ero
puimenke oOpautaercn ma oxpacky. Mocaeaman nonxua Gers pasHo-

MEpHOR 10 Beh Noman H He HoMeNATD UBETA B Nenpaunofi wacTH
pit pacraxemun. Kpome Toro, aupocroK € “MIA ROHE! UMTS XO-
POWNA npounnıf rasen, a nonepesHsih paspes ero — senenosaro-
Groserouñ orrenox, Koma aonıa Guirs He onen» taryueñ u o6na-
das Óozee nan MeHee pasHoMepHbim YAAHHEHNEN m PAMTHNMEX HA
Mpabzewaax no cnoei naouaa. Tome xpomoBoro Bipocrxa
07—2 wm u vue.

Onoex xpomossiit, Xpomontin onofiKom HastinaeTen KOKA, HrO-
Tossentas na wkyp Tezar (omofikop), Bmnyóxeman XPOMOBHME co-
Ann N nphMenreMa raaembm OÓpasom Ha Bepx 06ysm. K sToMy MaTe-
puaity MPCXPABAROTCA Te Ke TpeGoBenHs, “ro HK bripoctay. OT
HOCACAHCTO OR OTAMTACTCA Gombinek saacTHNKOCTSIO, MATKOCTEIO it
Gomputelt PanHOMEPROCTEM no minowann # tomase. Onoer xpomontsit
ustoronnnercn TOMLLAROR 0,5—1,5 mx H sue.

Tloaykoxnnx xpomostiil. XpOMOBEIM NoJyKOKHHKOM HASEIBAJOT
Kom, HOTOTOBACHNBIE XPOMORBIM AYÖTENHEM H3 UIKYD KPYMHOTO pora
Toro cxora 8 Boapacte 1—2 ner. Xpouonsifi nomykOXHHK Npuxemnerca
raaswsin o6pasom Ha Bepx o6yax. Ox oramuaeres or Bmpocrka 6015.
MICÁ MAQUIBADIO M TOMMBON; K HeMy UPERLABIMOT TAKE Xe TpeGo-
PANA, Kax H X BHPOCTKY.

Lllesper. Illenperow Haswinaior xomy, BELACIAMINIO xpomonsm
ay6aemteu ua OBENBHX LIKYp (OBSHAB!) H MpemHasHateRAy!O Ana Haro-
Tonzenun Bepxa OGyBH, KoManoh ONCKAHN ranamtepeñimerx 32e NM}.
Illesper oransaerea OT XPoNOBLIX OrOÄKA H DLPOCTKA MEMBER npow
HOCTBIO # Gonsimeñ rarysecrso. On xoxxeH muero Mpowiy1o BORONe
pacTBopHMy OKpacky no Bcelt mionaan Co cpennust ranmıen. Ip
‘CHIGHOM HaTaXeHHE WeBpeTa He LOTAHO NOMyYaTHCA TPELIHK m HOMe-
news uvera. Toawmta wenpera 0,5—1,5 us.

Ulespo. Íllespo — koma XPONOROTO AyÓxexa, narorommenman na
KOSbIIX WKyp H MPAMENSEMAR mpeHMyutecteeHHO ua nepx 06ÿe. TIo
vous CBONCTBAM mespo MPNOANKAETCH K xpomoBomy onofixy. Jan
Hero xapakrepHbt: MATKOCTS, 9:TACTHAHOCTB, KPACHEMIA BHEMIHEE BAN H
EPABHHTEAEO Gomsimag mpouxocm ma paspso. To/munta meopo
041,2 mm.

Pocuespo. Poculespo HASHBaIOT KOKY, BHAEHAHKYIO Ha KOHCKHX
KYP Mp HOMOUR XPOMOGOrO AYGAENER m MPHMEHAENJI Ha BPX
o6yan u Ha raxanrepeñnie manenn. Pocienpo mo cBoeMy Kauecray
Luke meBpo: ONO MeHee NAOTHO, Goaee NOPHCTO H BONONPOHHIAEMO.
Toma pocmenpo 0,5—2,2 ma.

METOABI OMPEAENENHA CROACTB H KAUECTBA KOXKEBEHHLIX
MATEPHAJIOB

Tipeatabnsemble K Koecntun marepnadau TpéGoranun nechma
pasHooSpasust, B SaBHCHMOCTH OT HX BHLAa, CMOCOÓA BSIPAGOTKH u
hasnayenua, CooTBeretune KauecTBa 1 cnolicrs wavepma.ion yeranos-
ACHHBIM Ann MX TEXKMUCCKHM TPCÓOBANHAM onpeenReTeR CENAS
MR HCDÉTANEAMR.

32

Than Kanecreuoñ ouenxn KOXI DPHMEHAIOTCA TPH MCTORA HCCAC=
HOBAMMA: opranonentnuecknä, dhnaHKO-Mexannuecknä M xUMAYECKHA,
Kamauıll ua MAX naer BOSMOKHOCTS B TOR HE HHO Mepe onpeReTuTE
Kavecrao Marepuana, Xapaxreprsya ero oraenbibie nokasarent. OR-
HakO AIR MOMIOR XapaKTepHCTHKH KOMM MPHHATO MOMBEpTaTh ee nc-
TITAN KOMGHHaUHER 9THX MeTOROB, ONpenerms OAHOBPENEHHO
BweWHHA BHA, cocran H (puamKo-examusecKue csoÑersa mMaTepuaza.

Ba bpema muemero OCMOTPA nce ea HCKMONeNHA KOMEBEMNHE
Marephans MONBEPTAIOTCA OCBHAETEASCTBOBAHANG, MPHYEM KARA KOKI
ocmatpuaeres orxembHo. Ecim He orpaausnsaiotea opranomenraue
CkHM MeTOAOM HCHTANHA, a MAPIIY € HIN OMIPERERMOT PHSMKO-MEXS-
fveckne CROÂCTRA H XHMHYECKH COCTAB KOKH B JaGopaTopH, TO OT
KOROR mapra oTOupaior Tak Hastivaenylo cpeaitiow npoby.’ OrGop
UIPOMOUOJINTCA 110 YCTAMODACIMEONS CTaHLAapTaMH NPAPHAIN

OMPEAEJENME KAYECTBA KOXKH OPTAHOMENTHYECKHM METOAOM

Onpenenenne Kavectsa Koxki oprakoentuveckHit MeTOLOM nPO-+
HIDOJUNTCA Ges IPHMENCHMA cnentambAwX npACOPOR K MpAcrocob.neHH.

Opraxonenraeckn, T. €. nyteM BHELINETO OCMOTPA KOA H MpOBeD-
Kot Haou\ymb PYKAMA, onpenenseren: MAOIMAND, TOMLHME H BEC KOR
(opuenmposoutio), uncrora m POBROCTA MESAPEMHR, CTPORKN, OTAY-
miictocts m canka a. Opraonentaveckn onpenenmot Take, HOP-
aaO am upoayGneHs KOXA, XOPOMIO AM IPOMBITA, HOPMEJBRO Au
npOXHPOBANA H BHCYUIEHA, KaK OTMATA KO2KA, KAK oa pasBexena, npo-
katana n oxpauena. Jlanee tun METOJOM YCTAMABaRDALOT HAINE no-
POKOB Ha KOMC, ux KOAMUCCTBO, XAPAKTE, PASMEPE H MecTOpacrtoz0-
eine.

OPTAROBENTHTECHE ONPeneAmOR, Ha MANDTO CHES Marorönnene
Koma, UTO MOKET GuTb YCTANOBICHO MO Xapakrepy ecrecrmenmoro
pilcyiika ma aunesoR CTOPOMe KoA — no Mepce.

B peayamsrare napykHoro OCMOTPA Ha OCHOBE NPABHA, HAIOK EUX
8 CTAMNAPTAX, AenaloT sakaboweHe O COpTHOCTH KOH.

Opramonenruueckan ouenka me momer Gsm NOANOR, TAK KaK ee
Sumo Gesupylores MA ¿INWUON OMCMKE KOMECTDA MATEPHANOE, KOTO-
Pam SaBuCHT OT CTememH TOATOTORKH, OMHTA m YPOBHA IMAN IL,
npoussoamuux onpenexenue Kavectea. [ostomy ana MORHOTO cyAe-
MEX O KaNectBe KOKY nomwepraioT 1AGOPaTOPMEIN HCUBITAMNAM TO
CTPOTO onpexemenNoñ MeTORHKe, HCIOMOYA pH STOM PAR CHAN
HbIX_MPIuGOpOB, MPHENOCOÓEHAÁ # peaxTHBoR.

‘TlaGopatophinn NENBITAHHANN OMPEAEAMOT PHIMKO-MEXAHHIECKHE
csoñersa u Xunnueckuh cocTaD Kork.

Ormcanne STHX HenTHH Aare B CMEUNAMBMEX PYKOBOJCTOAX.
Tlostomy saecs Mbt OFPANNUNMER TORO HAMOENNEN OCHOBHHX
MonOMennÄ, Ma KOTOPLX OHM OCHOBAHL, A TAKKC ONPCAEAEHKEN SKA
NEHHA OTACMBMHX TOKAAATENeH H HX BANKS Ha KAMECTDO KOZKH.

K OCHOBIEIM MHKO-MEXAMASECKIM HCNISITAMAAN KOK, CY AIM
AAA Tpovepkn ee KavecTHa, oTMocarca onpenenenus: 1) Conpornbat-
fa paapstny K ynvmtmenmo; 2) HaMoKaewocrH; 3) Tom 4) camion
w orayimerocra uta; 5) powHocra oxpackH m ramnua; 6) ayOnocra
m 7) ynemsuoro meca,

sn

us opnurpcens canoe 33

ONPEAENEHHE OH3HKO-MEXAHHYECKHX CBOACTB KOKH

Iran HCMETANNANH ONPEACAROTER MPOMILOCTE MaTepHanOR, MX
FCMOCOÓNOCTE IPOTHBOCTOATE paspiiDamoulemy YCHAMO, à TAKKE WX TA
ryvects 11 COMPOTABACHNE yAaınennio.

Ecai DanTb OÓpasen KOH onpenc.iennux pasepos H ou Koneit
ero saKpenars MEMOABMANO, A K APyTOMY MOABECHTb KaKol-7H60
rpya, ua ganas o6pasen HauhyT RERCTEOPATS CHE, CTPEMALIMECA ero
pasopsars. [loa Bananen Harpyskk 0Gpaseu cuaaza maumiaer ne
opunposareen (NeHATE csom pasmepu u Gopay), à saTeM, ec BEC
Mogwememuoro rpysa ynennunnars AO Manecrnoro Mpezena, oGpasey
paspspaeres.

Besmunsy nongememtoro rpysa, np Koropofi pasoppazicn nani
oGpaseu, npHHATO MASELATE PASPLBAOINHA YCIIMEN, Ham CONPOTHB.E-
mue o6paatia paspusy.

‘Tax Kak AI OHOTO H TOTO KE warepnana Harpyska, rıpn kotopoÑ
ow paspusaetes, oueanäno, Oyaer sanncer, OT Aa, hopin,
umpunes 11 TOAUUHMN O6pasua, TO OÓNIMO AAA NONYIÈHER CPABHANIX
pesyasraron Gepyr oßpasusı onpenenentoh op n pasmepos. Ho
pH STON TOXULOA M WMA ABYX OTHEMMMX OÉPASLOU Bce-Takır
Gyayr OTAMUATECA apyr OT Apyra; nosToMy, pasopvan HX Ip onpee-
sennoñ HarpyaKe, MOXHO Hil, © YBepeHHOCTHIO YTREpAAATb, KAKOÏ
ma oGpasnos npownee. Ho Toro mean cKASATE O MaTepmazaX, HS
KOTOPHX ORK MSTOTOB:IEKEH, AO TeX Mop, HOKa BCE pasmepki OOpasuos
me GYAYT conepwenno — OAUNAKODEIMH. TIpakruueckt MSTOTODMTD>
Taxe O6pasust ONeHD TPYAHO 1 COMO, a NOPOÏ 1 HenosMOrKHO bes
mapyurennn CTPYKTYPA M mponnoern marepiaza. HanpmMep, ecam 6H
M TOXETAMN CPABMNTD MpowocTs omoÄRa H IODTH, TO Hav MpHUNAOCE
Gu uckyceroen1o YMeHBUIHTE Tomy nocaequeñ, «ro mpuneno Gu
K ocnaÓxemo MpowMocTH 1H, TAK KaK ee Tam no Tone Óriaa
Gui paspesana. Yahrbinan 370, 32 EAHHANY H3Mepema compoTHEselmis
paspuisy npHHHMAOT He Narpysky, up KOTOPOÏ oÓpasen pasoppanca,
a ee Dezuuny, OTMECEMKYIO K EAHIKE MAOIMANA HONEPEMMOrO cee
mua o6paaua.

Tlpn uensiramt xoxm Tako exmmmeñ cayanT ojo Knanparınıd
mucauuerp. Haupuwep, ecan oGpasen pasopnanca np narpyake 50 xr,
a ero mmpuna wecre pasptava 10 mx m Toma 2 MM (7. e, mo:
amb nonepeumoro ceuenna pana 10X2=20 wat), TO paspuiioe yeu-
sme Gyner paso 50:20—25 kr Ma 1 ux maontaan nonepenioro
ceueutn (ro npunaro OGosHaNaTs Tak: 2,5 Kr/MW?).

Tlpn narpyake o6paseu eme 10 paspusa aedopumpyerca, B wacr-
MOCTA YAMMMACICA (BBTATHBaETCH B Manny). Haxepaa, HacKOlIbKO ero
Aaa ywenuuttacs NO CPABREMMIO c NEPAOKAUAADIOH, onpenenor
yamuenne matepiaza, 7. e. ero citocouocts BuiTarsarben. Pasnocro
Mexxay mepnonauansmoi mannoh oÓpadma m AMNOÏ B MOMENT pas:
Pisa mpmiiato wastwars aBcomoTHRIM Ynammemen, Orocuresenos
YAansenne OMPACIAIOT BAPAMEUMEM D MPONEHTAX OTHONIEHAN pupa
eus Annu (aÓcomoTMoe YAannenne) K MEPHONAUAABHOR Jaume
o6paana.

Zin MONYUEHMA canaux Pesyubrarop pasuUX BOB Kom
st

nomayioren nokasareneM yaanmema mpn marpysxe 1 Kr/und. C sro
Leo onpexeaAOT OTHOCHTEABHOE YAAHHEHKe We D MOMENT pao

puma o6pasma, a mpu na
Tpyake, pasxoit ompezenen-
HOR vemunne; oceania
“onpeneaseres no noma
Momepeunoro ceuenna 00-
pasua. Hanpuwep, ecan
TAOMAb Momepennoro ce-
Nena opastia — pana
20 na, To Gepyr Harpys-
«y, panıyıo 20 kr, # np
TOR. narpyake onpexemmor
yasnenne,

Onpeaestene conporus-
HEAR paspbisy m yaanne-
HHS Komm nponanonuren
Na CNMEUMABEBIK Mae
Wax — annamowerpax Tina
Ilonnep, oßecneunnaomnx
nocrenesiio yBemmBan-
mieccn Paspsishoe yeiume,
KoTopomy monpepraeten
oGpaseut (pue. 7)

Onpenenenne canıı m
orayumerocrn anna. Ca)
xau oraymmeroers
xpoUsBoxCTBEHHBE TOPOKH
Kom. Cana npez-
crananer coGoll 06pasona-
Me paspsiBos — (rpemmn)

amuevoro COR KOKH PH CUGAMAR MOCIEAREA, a OTAYIIMCTOCTS

ES

I

Puce. 7. Annauouerp

Mécrioe OTCTADAHMe STOTO CIOR OT Zepmbi. Hasiuyue Tux NOPOKOB CHH-

Pue. 6. Banux aan nenurann
‘kon na. CARS

>

Aer memocra Marepana rem G07ee,
Sew om peste nupamensi m mem C2.
yio Tolan SHOT a Kome.

Onpenexenne caıkn MECTKHX KOK-
Marepnanon FPOHIROETER | CrAGaEM
o6pasuos ma 180° smuom Hapyxy Ha
DaniKex paaausioro anauerpa m 3a
Cnsoeru OT ma warepuana (DHC. 8).

Henssranme na caaky xpowontix kon
UponauoanTen mpn Momo CIA
max npucnoco6.emnli — NPOCHHKOB CO-
ormercreyionux pasepon (pic. 9).

B MATKIX Koax PACTITMBIOO Ay-
Greiun canka onpeneaReTen opramoen-
Tune

Henstanne Ha OTAYIMHCTOCTb MPO-
HaBOAHTCA CrHOaHHEM Komm — AMLIOM

35

DIYTPb; Koma Xopomero Kauectna He AOMMHA AABATÉ MPH STOM OT
craBahs AMMCBOTO CAOR OT REP.

Onpenenenne npounocru oKpackn u rasta. C TON nembio mpoBo-
ATCA cnenranerbie Hensrrania, ÜNPEAEARETCR, HaCKo.TBKO KPACHTE.IL
HIPOYHO Sakpenkach HA BOMOKH2X KOKH, a TAKE IPOSIOCTO COCAMHE-
na OÓpasoDaNMOR annperypoh naemkH c amuoM KORN. DTOUÿ MEN.
Tano MoReepraior MPEHNYULECTBERHO XPOMODHE TOBAPI, B KOTOPLIX
PoUNaA OKpacka M XOPOLIMÁ TAAMCI sDAMOTCA NPHIMAKAMN DBiCO-
Koro Kaueerna.

Pe. 9. Tipoómk nas nenuranna won na CORK

Onpezeaenne ayönocrn xomn. Kom nommısı ÓsITb HOPMA:IbMO
mponyOnenst. HenponyOnennan koma rpy6a, ecrka, mp Scream
KOPOÓNICA, PH HAMOKANAN MeATENND BSICEXACT, a MPH Xpaienmn BO
BNAKHOM COCTOANHH METKO NAECHERBET M PAAPYUAETCR.

Tip Henpoay6e xpaconyÖnoh kom oKpacka ee ayOxTeteM no
seprakamnomy cpesy Öyner epanuomepnoi; NosToMy y menonydneit-
Horo warepnana oGHapyxnsaeTeR m cepeankte ero TOME NONOCKA
€ Gonee cmermofi okpackoll; oHa Ocoßenno acho BAKA pH cwaumna-
HHH cpesa KOXH 20%-HBI PACTEOPOM YKCYCHOR KHC.TOTH.

Kpoxe Toro, RenpoxyÓaenman Koxa zerxo paspyinaerca Hom Ach-
CTBICM BHCOKOÏ TEMMÉPATYPH, HEM MOABaYITCH AA HPODEPKH IPO-
AYÓNeMMOCTA XPOMOBBIX KOM; OOpasUbI NOGHEARIX, HOPMaAbıIO NPO-
AYÓnCHNEC, He ROXIKNE MIMENATO HA (POPMEX, HH PASMEPOD pH KUNA-
sem HX B TeveHHe onpenememnoro BpeMenH D AeCTHLUMPOSANMOR
Boxe.

Hamoxaemocrs, Sromy HCTTAHMO nOABEPralorca | mpenmyine-
crpenno MEcTKue Koi, MpeaHasuavenusie LAA BUKPOR SIEMENTOB
musa O6YBN.

Jlorpyxeman 8 unctyio sony Korka norAoinaer mekoropoé Kom:
secro Bari, Yoeaususañcs ph sToM B Bece, Konwiecrpo norao-
mtaëwoñ naar SaBWcHT Or psa ÉaKTOPOB, B HACTHOCTH OT HPOLON
2HTeTBHOCTA npeStisanmx Korn m more. Yew Mobile KOKA B neh
Maxodwrez, TEM NOTAOMERNE OOABUNE (KOMEHO, 10 HABECTHOFO npe-
Rena, noce KOTOPOTO ono Mpexpautaeres).

Iloxasareïes, HAMOKAEMOCTA AAAAETCH KOAHTECTBO HoraoMeHHO!
paar wepes 24 24 uaca € MoMerTa norpyxenuA oßpaana Kamin“
3 noay, oTHecemtoe nepontavamsioy vecy OÉPIIUE u Aupaneinee,

u npouenrax, rate RT
36 ae

Kasecrno Marepnana Tem BIN, JM Mentine noxagareab ee HAMO-
KAeMOCTH; Tak HANPINEP, H3AHLUHAR HANOKACHOCTS MOJOMIBH conpo-
BOKAACTER, KAK NPABHAO, MAZOÍ VORONEUPONMIACMOCTEIO H YHEHBLE-
EM NpoMHocTH AepwaHHs Ha BHHTAX M MIMI

Onpenenenne TOMAN KOH. TOMILURA ABARETCE ANIM H3 TOKA-
sareneñ KaecTBa Komm. JKCCTKHC KOMNATEPHAIN NOABEPTAIOTCK pH
IKCMAOATALMA M3 ACmMR neTnpanno, Ouennano, “ro «em ome TOL
uMmHa MOXOMIBI, TeM HCTHPaHHe ee MPORCKORKT menzenee, Onmaxo
NPESMEPHAR TOMAMMA He ABIMETCR MOAOMMTOABNEM KANECTBON:
eca roma MPeDLINIAeT OMPERCACINYIO DEAHSHNY, YeraHOBTEHy:O
AJA RaHHOTO KOKEHEHHOrO Marepwasia, TO 370 MOXeT NPOHAOÏTH THIN
BCACACTIME CAMUINOM ÓOXILIOFO pes6ysHBAUR KOKH m Npowecce
Bunents. Tlostomy Kaka ana
KOH Hee cnoii onpenemenme
pexems TOM.

Kom roauinnoh me yora-
HOBREHIMX HOM MeHEe DpOuHM Hi
PASPHB M HCTHPANHE; CHALIKOM KE
Gomsuax Toma marepnana ne
yayauaet ero Kawecrss, a amu
Yramenner Kony.

Onpeneneime Tonus Kor
MPORSBOAUTCH CHELHANHENE Np
Gapamu — romımewepasun Tuna Mefi- Pue. 10. Toamewep € xonycooöpas-
chep. Han namepennn Tommmma ca menu
AKECTKHX KOKEBHHBIX. MaTepHa.0B
apkueiaioren Tomuewepu € Konycooßpasuuu mean (pi
a Aus Marx — romremeper c naockiMe meakamm (pue. 11).
wana KOMM BHPEXATR B MAAANMETPAX.

10),
Ton-

Pac, Il. Tonmewep € maocxmun mean

Onpexeacnne yaeasoro seca. Yaenbutim secom Toro mu uNoro
neufectba HAMBACTCA nec ero, BHpaxemH B rpamxax u OTmecennik.
x eaummue oGmema (1 cu’). Koxeñenbe Marepyamsi, BHxenamHMe.
pH nowouu Toro Wa apyroro enocoGa ny ne IMEI Kapasrepani
AA Hux YA Bec. Önpenenehken nociteänero nposepnetca, HET
JM B KO YTAMENIOUIAX Ce BeULECT H MPABUADMO AM OMA UsrOTOB-
nena, 7. €. ne Dneneu ¿IM B ee COCTAB NATepmanuı, He HYÆHME AAA
cooGitenna eh MEOSKOAHMLIR CBONCTB.

37

Hua onpenenenusi yaeauoro seca Koma Gepyr oGpasen, onpene-
amor ero OGbem u BEC, à 3aTEM BBIYHCARIOT OTHOLIENHE MocaeRHeTO
x exmune oGbexa.

Too nepeuncnennsx nenbırannfi Kon, NPOHIBOAHTES PAR Apy-
THX (PMSHKO-XBMHSECKHX Onpenenennä, HANPUMEP, BOSAyxOHENPORHILae-
MOCTH, BOAONEMPONUAEMOCTH, TEILIONPOBOAHOCTH, MPONHOCTA ACP
HA BHHTA, CDAPBAHHA HT. A., HO OMCAMMe HX BUIXOAHT 3a Mpeste-s
XAMMOR KHHTH, NOSTONy HHTEPECYIOIMeCA STAMH BOMPOCAMH AOTKHM
OGpaTHTLER K CMEUMAABHOË >
reparype.

ONPENENEHHE XHMHUECKOTO
COCTABA KOKH

Xuwnwecknae amazon Ra-
Necraa KOMM OMPEARIMIOT CO
aepxanme 5 nef Bar, Mu“
Pansmux vemects (02), A+
PA, DIIMBIDACMEX BIECTB, FOabe-
Boro: seutécrBé, AYORLINX Be-
wecTB m OKmCH Kpota
Onpexenenne naarn (aaax-
Hocrs). BaaxNocrh 8 KOKE
ABARETCA BEAHAHON nepemeH
HOÑ m SADMCHT OT BAGKHOCTH
oxpyxaromeñ cpenu. Ona MO
ET TO YBCAMYHBATEA, TO YMEHb-
maraca. Komm c Com Ko:
auvectsom BATH MP xpairenBit
2erko nopraten, corpenaioren
Pre, 12, Cyumamunux ag naecneneior. Hammne pucyuen-
HHE ROM CTAMOBATCA XpyI-
Kun TOMKHMH, ONpeReNeHNeN BAAMHOCTU YCTAMABANIALOT, A+
CKOMKO COREPAAHIHE BOA B KOXE OTKAONAETEN OT HopMa.rBHOrO,
BaanOcTs omperemmor nyrest BBIcYAIMBaHAA B CYHISHOM mKAby
(pue, 12) mpn reuneparype 102—105° C npenvapnre.uno usmeabueit.
MOTO OOpasua N espemmsamin ero*nocie cyuiKy. Ommomenue veca
Ynanennofl BORA K MepnovayaabHomy Becy oGpasma (npoGH), Bbı-
Paxemnoe B npoueHtax, ABMETER TIOKASATEMM BAAAKHOCTH MaTe-
praza
Onpexenente Hanns munepaammax nentecrn (som). Conepxanme
MulepaMbHLIX DEULCCTB B LIKYPE KHBOTHBIX BEC5MA HEBENHKO, OOBITHO
ouo ie npestuner 1%. Hante Gombmioro KomecTBa HX MOKET
Toayanrecn «MUS 32 cer MATCPUANOD, MPAMCIICMEX PH PHAEAKE
om. Tak Kak ONO Annerca B | GombumNcTBe cAyuaes pe
2YMTATOM HEMPABIIDIEAX IIPOMIBOACTICHNEIX TIPOUECCOB u MpencTa-
rarer co6oh HeMyRmeÑ Gamracr, OTPHIATEMHO OTPEXMONMACA Ka
Kawecrse rorosoro (paGpukara, TO yeTaKOBneHst onpeae.icnnse HOPES
GOREPANNN MUNHEDA.IBMSIX HÉLLCTE N KOXE, NPEPHUIEHNE KOTOPLR HE
aonyexaerca,

38

Jan onpenenenun coaepxauun so: Gepyr 11poGy (opasen) komt.
PSPEIIMDAIOT ee, à 34TEM CARHTAIOT Ha TAI MPH BHCOKOR reMne|
Type. Bo spent CAxuramea Komm Bce coaepxauinecs n Hei opranne-
‘ekie peuectsa cropaior H YACTYYIBAIOTCA, 2 MANEPAAINE DELLECTEA
ocraiores a Trae, OSpased CKNTACTCa man Ma TA2OROÏ ropeaKe mat
» Mytbembwof neun (pic. 13).

Tlyrem sopeumsannn necro-
pesurero ocrarka yeramanan
BAT Bec 30M ROCAEMNM OT:
HOcaT K mepBoava.IbHOMy Becy
Bonroh npobu u conepkamne
MIHCPaZBMEIX neieern PHIPA-
KIOT 8 nponenrax.

Onpeseaieuwe | coxepans
xupa. Kup, maxozomuños B KO-
2xenewanix Marepnanak, anager-
<A 3 OCHOBOM TEM HHPOM, KO-
Tops BeoaNTes! upu xuposa-
HIM Ko, TAX KaK KOMMNeCTBO
ero B nepme Ikyp (3a HCKAO-
were OBYHH M COHHUX WIKyp)
‘oven orpanuyeno.

Ka nanecruo, JXMPOBKOR 10-

cruraeres coo6ureHtle KOMam Pure. 13, Mygensnan new
onpexenemmax — cuoñera, Tlo-
STOMY AAA KAAOTO Aula KOKM YCTAMOBACHN TBEPABIE MOPME CO-
xepacamma aupa. Orcrynsemma OT MOCIIEAMUX He AOMYCKAIOTCA, 10-
Tomy WTO KAK MEAOCTATOK MPA B KOM, TAK 1 CTO HIÓNTOK OTPIMA=
‘TeabHo BAMAIOT HA KavecTRO MaTepHana.

Önpenenenne corepmaunn APA n KOKE NPONSDOAAT NYTEM HSBAC=
Newna ero (sKcrparposanns) ma BarToi jaa HCMBTAMNA npoGu.
‘Skctparuposanuest waasioaior oGpaGorKy Koh pACTROPHTEIMN KM.
por: nerporeluuw supo, Oenamrom, cepoyrxeponom K Ap. B 1a60-
Paropnax Ana ITOR Ment NPHNEHRETCA NPEHMYINECTBENKO merporef-
ui adan.

Jas menseramma Gepyr manecxy Komm (npexsapureneno xopouo
HauexbuexHyIO B CrennanstoM ÓYMAXHON MATpoKe, KoTopHA noMe-
ulaioT 8 Skerpakunonmn annapar Coxcnera (pue. 14), oGpaGars-
Baio suo AO TEX HOP, NOKA Bech HP He Oy.ier nepenexen à
Paernop m wanzeuen #3 «on, Sarem Runapnnanmem (OTTOHKO!) ma
Pacteopa yaasmior nerponelusih sup; cocya c upon (Koay) nox-
CYUIMBAJOT M BSDEUMGHNEM ONPCACHOT | KOMAECTOO Moay¥ENHOFO
Xupa, Conepmasme apa DEPRAOT B MPOENTAX TO OTHOTIRMIO K
RepaodawaasHomy Becy RARTOË AIR HCMBITARHR KOKH.

Onpezenenne umumaemux pemecro (0Gwux). [pu nponsvoncrae
KOMM HEKOTOPOE KOAMIECTRO AYÓMABNNX BeUECTE M APYTHX Mate»
Panos He CamariBaercA MOH C ACPMOR FAR m m TOTOBOM Mare
phare merko BUMBBACTOA BORN nn Apyrunm pacrsopuremumm. Tar
Kak BUIMBIRSENBIE BenecrBa YaCTO ABAIOTER NpHYAHOA Manu
HCTKOCTH KON H CKPRIBALOT €€ HELOCTATONHVIO MAOTOCTE, TO SCH

39

Nenbue DMMMBACMEX PEMECTE, TM Koma cunTaerea 1OGPOKATE-
ernenmnee.

Hsnnegeime puwmæewux nemecrs npoxssoautea nyren o6pa-
GorKH KO pactmreabmoro ay6aeHHA “crol (necrunaponanuoR)
BORON, 2 KOK xpoulonoro AYÓNOINA — CIMProM # SHOW. DKCTPArA,
Povatite DUMLBAEHLIK BetlecTR MPOMIPORAT ANA KPACHOLVONUX. KOK
» creutamsom ammapare Koxa (pxc. 15). Tlocae swerparnpunannn
PACTSOPATENN YRAMMOTOA MERACHHLM BSMAPMBANICM, a CYXOÑ OCTa-

Pac. 14. Annapar Pe. i
‘Coxeaera Koxa

15. Anrapar

TOK napemmnaeren. Bec nocmennero OMPEAEIRET KOAHAECTBO BLIMBI-
BaexbIX BeULECTD B AanoR Npobe Kon.

‘Conepxaime DUIMBIBAENBIX BeUlecTS BHIPAMACTCA B npoweRTax
x pecy BSATOÏ Aaa MCNSITARMA HASCKH Kon. TIpt TOM BY KO HMETE
B Buy, WTO Onperenerne BuMBBAeMBX BEUNECTB MPONSBOANTCA NOCHE
Menbirakuli Ha COREPKANNE KHPA, HAMA Hero Gepercs KOA, NPEABE
Puremno OGesxkupeniias; nosToMy MOACHET COXLPAAMAR BUNLIBACHLIK
Bemecrs KYAHO MPOHSROANTS HCXOAA MS TOTO, NTO MéPROHAM-THEIM
Beco NpoOs!, BATLIM AIR HCIEITANNA, ÖYAeT BEC Komm 10 OÓCSKAPk-
stg.

Onpexenene roasesoro semecraa. Tomenoe neutectao Ananeren
OCHOBMBIM BELNECTBOM, BXOAMUNM B COCTAB KOMCBENNEX MaTepHEsIOB,
Tax KOK OHO BMECTE CO CBRSARNEIWH C HM AYÖHABHNINN PLLCCTRAUN
OGpasyer TO, ¥70 Hasbuor KOMeR,

40

Bonny Toro, "TO onpemeneuioe wane rombesoro pemecras
Banner Ha MOCKOCTD KOXM, YCTANOBTEE MUREMAMBHKIE KOMmMICCTBA CTO,
onyckaenwe AA OTACIBNNX BHAOB KOMEBCHNSIX MATepHa.IOB.

Onpexeaenne conepmannn ayGamnx nemects (cHsaumx). Oro
onpeenente mpowsnoxuten npoctum | APHÉMETIMECKUN Moncnerom
noce ncex npeasiayuinx neneiranui. Hanpnep, 5 pesyaurare ana-
Asa Komm nahneno, “ro B Hell conepxuren: naurn 18%, xupa 3%,
301 1%, numbinaemsx nentecrn 16%, Toabenoro wemectea 38%,
a acero 76%. Ocranbubte 24% (100—76 = 24) u Oyayr cocrannars
» xome ayönnne semecroa (coRsamuble). OANaKo HYMNO pH 9TOM
METb B BAY, 3TO NPA DBANCHEINAA GepyT DHMHPAEMME DOAOR Opra-
wMNecKHe, a He <oOMLHes, NOTOMY TO NOCAAHHE COMEPKET H BEIN“
Baeble <HLOPTAnHYeCKHe>, T. €. SONY BLIMLBAEMLIX; BIMBAEMLE xe
Heopraimveckne BXOAST D NOKASATE.ID conepxsama son. Heopranzue-
cxKe BSIMEBACMME BOXOR HCTHCIMOTCA YCTOBHO; CHNTAIOT, NTO HX KO-
ansecrno pasxo 80% Beca nO1y4HHOÏ SOM, NH COAEPMAHHL NOCALA=
me Koxe He Gome 1,5%.

Onpexeaemne oxnch xpoma. Onpenerenne oxncn XPOMA | HMET
HENAO YCTAHOBINTO COREPAANNE XPOMA B KOMAX XPOMOBOTO AyOnenns.
Tax Kak HenocTaToK XPONA CBHACTEASCTEYET O Heÿ1OBNETSOPUTEM
oft mponyGaennocra KOXKH, a CTO HUE MOMET OTPNLATENDLO CK9-
saThea Ha KANECTDS maTepHana, TO YCTAKARAHRAIOTCH ONPexenembe
XOPME COXEPXAFHR OKHCH XPOMA, KOTOPHe NPH HOPMATSHOM KATECTRE
XpOMOBUX KOM HOMIEÓzIOTCA B npenenax 3—8%.

Paasa IV
3AMEHHTENH KOKH

Hapsay © Koenenmsin MaTephanaM RIN HCOTOBACNKA 0ÓyDH u
ee PEMORTA B MocaemHHe roms BCE Comule NPHNEHAITER savemiremn
KOKH HS Cbipba MeKee AEIPHNNTNOFO, ven KOXeBeHHOE. Ou 001212107
PAXOM HONOKNTEMLHMX KAMECTB, YTO ACHAT HX NOAMONENNSNA 3AME-
ETE Kom

Iupokoe npumenenne saMenuTeneit Kom B KOXEReHHO-O6yBHON
UPONBLLTERHOCTU H CHCTEMATUMECKAR pa6oTa HAÿAHO-HCCHEMOBETÈM
CKHX YApERAENNÉ Max YY UMICIICN HX KANCCTES H HOBICKAHHEM HOBEIX
Saxenntenel npenonpenenmor xamneiimee bnexpeme sTHX MaTepta-
108 3 MPONSBOACTBO. KOMEBEHMEIX Haren

ZauennTem KOMM, B SABHCAMOCTH OT HX BHXA H MATEPHATOP, M3
Koroptix oun HSFOTODAEME, AeARTeA MA AETHPE PJ:

1. Pesnwopste samemmenn KOXH,

2, Tinaekoma.

3. Kaprom

4. Tkaueoue samentream.

Tlepsmie pu TPynmb Cayxat Ant Samen MCCTKIX KOMCEMHUX
MaTepiianon MB OCHOBHOM MPHMEHSIOTER NP HSTOTODEMIH 06 PH.

Tkawese savennrenn KOKH APELMASHAMMN AIR saMeHbt KOK 8
O6YBHON, HOpHO-CEXEAHOM H FANHTEPEÄHON MIPOHSBOACTBAX.

PESHHOBBIE SAMEHHTEAH KOXKH

Ocuoummum npexcrasurenamu srof rpyuus samenrenel Koma
TBARIOTCA: pesmosan nopoumennan MAACTIÑA, DOPMOBANHNE pesino-
due 1éTañt, XHSPONOPICTAA pesiita m UIMPEANPOBANNAR PEINE.
Pesunoan NOAOLBENHAR HAACTHHA
Pesumovan nogouesnan miacrna mpencranaser coGom peso:
BIO checs, Maroronamenyio P anne maacrin, B Kavecrse npuniepa
npnsege onMH M3 peulenTon peankonoR nozommemmolnxacransr (9 9):
CRE
resp !
Byesepane
tyres
Cont anna” ! !
Hans ee ee à
ee
TA

42

Marepaau, Kax unauo na npnnenennoh nsiume peuenrypss, 0 co-
cran pesnnonok MASCTHHE BXORAT Kayuyk, cepa m PAL HPYTEX Fe
ulecte, cooGwaronx ef HeOOXOAHMbIe SHKO-XHMHAECHNE csoÑicraa,
a weno: 1) yexopwrèa byakannaaunn, 2) yenamrezm, 3) xpaciream,
4) emarsrrean, 5) manonmirem a 6) perenepar.

Kayuyx. Ocrosiuw MATepuaJoN ta MSTOTODACIMA PESHHOBUX
moxenmi abanercn Kayayx. B pesmitonoX npoxsnoacroe npuMenneres
MATYPAMMEÑ Kayıyk, MONYYAMBÍ #3 Kay¥yKOHOCHBIX pacrem
ICKYCETBEHALUÄ, MITOTOBINCMEÑ CUNTETINECKAM NYTEM.

IMopriait’ HATFPAMMEIÍ Kayayk moayaaerca na rpomnye
pacrenui, npouspacaioutnx raammena o6pazom m JOxxuoÑt # Llerrpam-
molt Awepuxe, a Manallcxux octposax 1 8 Tponmueckoh Adpuke. Ha-
Hayaero KavecTBa Kayuyk AQIOT GpasHascKaa Lesen u pONCTHEMENE
efi onu kayuyronocnsix pacrennh. Kayayk ROÓNaerca Ha Meunoro
coxa (aarekca) 3rmx pacremui, Flyrem CcneuuazbmoR oGpaGorkH ns
coka YXAMMIOT BAY, B PENYABTATE “ero nOAYUAIOT Kayayk m TOep-
Hom ange.

B ueanx ocnoGoxkneia OT uMmopra Marypambmoro KayuyKa,
8 CCCP ycnemmo Ky.bTHBHpyIOTCA OTENECTHEHINE KayAYKOHOCHME
pacrennn. Cpean nocaientinx HaxGoree BuRHOe Mecro no csoel ycroll-
SuBOCTH M YPOMAÑMOCTH 3AMMMAIOT TAK MASDIDAENBIE CAFE.
Carat — tpanmimetie MHOTONETHHKM, Kayuykone nemecrno naxo-
AUTCH B ux KOPwAX, Crapse KopHH Tay-carkına conepxar 10 40%,
a Kox-carsisa— 10 25% Kayuye.

Kasectso coperexoro Harÿpabitoro KoyuyKa He Mike Kayeerna
epeaiix COpTOR nMmoprHoro.

Cuntetusecknit xayays. Benencrone nenpepsiexo yDezmunsaronte-
TOCA cipoca Ha peshNoBke WSAEIEA, OCOGCHMO B CBASH C MOULIN
Pasplrmem aBroMOSHUMHOM m ABHAMMOHKOR MPOMEIULTENNOCTN, BCTAN
Bonpoc O saMeHe HATyPamroro Kayıyka ApyriaKt, menes mecpimnT-
HI MATE pHE TAN,

B wacromiitee pens stor DOnpOc yenemmo paspewen nyres opra-
IMAN MACCOROTO MPOMIBOACTBA TAK HA9hIDAEMEIK CHHTETHUECKHX
Kayaykoß.

Cuureruseekun xayıykom (CK) tasinaeren sewecrso, nonyuemnoe
neKyeeTsentio, nyTeM Cneunansoh xHweckoi OGpaGOTkH pasan
HCKOARBX MATEPHA.10B.

Heeworpa 4à TO WTO MPONDIUNAEHNOE MPONSBONCTIO cHHTeTHIeCKEX
Kayayxon Hagato cpanuuressii0 ueranno (oKo70 3U ner 1230), B ua
crosiiee BPEMA HX BMYCK MPOMSBOAMTES D rpowaRHHX paswepax.
Cymecrsyer mioro pasoBmAmocref cumreruueckoro KaÿuÿKa Mm no:
AOGNLIX Kayayky MATCPMA:IOD, KOTOPME HB C YCHEXON IPHMEHMOTCH
IR same marypamioro KayuyKa, OCKOPHMM non cnureritie-
ckoro Kayayka, Blıpaßarsinaemoro 8 CCCP, spaseren enrerimeckni
Öyrannenonsh xayayk, HCKOAWEM CHPÉM AIR MPORIDOACTBA KOTO-
Poro Anageren STnaonsh CHHPT-CHPEIL

Byrannenosuf CK— ympyroe Markos semecrno or Geaoro no
cneraoceporo H XeAro-ceporo umera; yeah Dec cro G243OK K
yaenonomy secy marypamenoro Kavayka (HK). Cnurernueckuh Kayıyk
pH coorsercroyioch oGpaGorke aer pesHHOBe CMECH, Mo Kaïe-

43

eray muem ne yerynaomne eect ma HK. Mlosromy où mmpoxo np-
Meiieren Mp NpOHSROACTBE CAMBX ASROOGPASIEX PESHMOBLX UsRe-
ani, B uacrnocru, B ÓOMBINMX MACIITAÓSX MCNOABSYETCA JA MSTOTO=
BACHHR pasmmunsıx SAMCHNTEAE Korn,

Cepa. Chpoñ Kayuyk nenocrogkeh no COMM (nanKo-Mexanune-
ckmt enofernau: npu Hwsoñ Teuneparype (unzce 0°C) om eranonucn
Tuepasum m Xpynkust, e monkmIennen Teumeparyps: (we 30°C) Ha
‘SHMaeT nocreneino PASMAPATECA, a Mp HarpeBsHAH (oxoxo 180°C)
pacnnasaserca, Kpome Toro, cupoli Kayıyk aerko pacTBopneren B He-
KOTOpHIX pacrsopiremx (s Genstine, cKurnZape, Kepocnne u ap.) To-
STOMY AAA IPMRANNA EMY NOCTORHHOÏ MACTIMIHOCTE (weHee 3BK-
emneñ or oxpyxatoeñ tewneparypm) m caabofl pacteopnuocta
Kayayk — TloMbepraor cheuMaHOR OÓpaGOTKe — ByAKANISAMIA,
Bo Kavecrse akrHoWoro arena BYIKAMISAMMH mPHNeNRETCR cepa.
Una syaxanusannn peaukbı OÉHANO MOMBYIOTCR MONOTON (KoMo-
Boil) cepoñ.

{Sparen ayncammanın. Su aofamn moxetex » pesarosie
eweckt man yexopeHHs mpouecca Dyarakıaalan. B Kasecrse yckopure-
ell HenomsyeTex PA BEULECTB Munepadbyoro M oprailuyeckoro
IPOMCXOMACHMA, KAK TO: OKNCE MAT, HOBECTB, THYpAM, Kal
TAKE map.

Vexanream Verena HASHBAIOTCA BCLICCTBA, novsuaiouse
Mexanmweckue Kauecrna pesmuomoR CMECH (mpounocTs Ha PAIPHE, CO-
mpornnaenne nornpanmo m 7. 1). TakHwm YCHANTESMN CAyKaT caKa,
aon, YTAEKHCTBÄ marmná, UNAROBBIE ema,

Kpacwream. Beutectoa, BBOAHMUE D pesuuosyio emece AAA mpi
‚Rama eit onpexenenoro uDera, a MHOTAA M AIM npenoxpancennn Kay-
ayka or crapenms, KaswBaiores Kpackrenmum. Uepnsti meer noay-
saerca Gzaroxapa. BBERCHNO B CMECD caxu H cMOAH, Get — or
IIpuNecH LHMKOBUX Gem, xpackts — Guaroaapa NpHxCHCKHIO cepin-
crol cypeme m Kinonapn. Kpome Toro, fain Kpamema nenomayior
raie oprammueckHe KPACHTEIN; OCOGeHNO 1mmpoxoe pmreneHHe OR
HAXOAST np OKPALHEAHHN PESHHOBHX CMecef, MAYULAX Ha HSTOTO-
aenite npopesmuenmax TKANER.

Cmaränrean, CMSTuNTCIRMM waasinaiorcn Marepnans, yMenbinaio-
une TDepaocTB 4 MOPUCTOCTE PC3HNOBLEX cwecel. CMaraurensm cay-
ar eTEAPHNOBaN KHCHOTA, PACTHTEADILIE H MANEPAMOMELE MACAO, MA-
Pagan 4 Bock.

Hanoanntenm. Tak_Hassinaotcn BCIICCTBA, BROAHMNE B peanno-
Bylo eitecs raabituM OGpasow nam yaeuienzenna moxenmd, B Kauecrne
HanoamuTeaeN npnmetmiores Mex, KIMAT, Taibk, TOKCTUALNLC OTKOAL
H pactuTeabitie BOJOKHA.

Perenepar, Perenepar ABIRETCA MAHGOICE uennoß IPHMECEIO. pesn.
HoBLX cMecelt, 20 mexoropol erenenn samensouteh weruh Kayuyk.
Perencpar nomywaor OGpaGoTKoA crapoñ maemuemof. peau wc
JOTAMH H MIEAONANH NpH HarpevAKN u BLACOKOM JABACHHR (perene-
pauta). Perenepar #anGomee BHCOKOTO Kasecroa noaywaeres na peas
HODUX W3Acaml, B COCTAB KOTOPEIX DAOAHT GOMLIOË KOAMECTRO TH
CTOTO Kayayka ph BOSMOXHNO MENBINENM COXePAAMME NpHMCCCA, MPA
MEMACMUX B PESHHOBOM HPOH3BONCTRE.

44

Kparxoe omucane npoussogcroa pesuwonoi nogouisenom
naacranse

Tiponsnonerno pesnnonofi nonoumsensol nitacTHNE B OCKORNOM co-
CTOMT ua caenyiouinx onepauuil: MOATOTOBKH CHPLA u BCMOMOTATEIB-
Hux Narepnanıon, MPHTOTORACHNA pesmionoh cuech, Kadanapmponann,
DyaKammaauım m COPTHPORKM TOTOBO MPOAYKIHH.

Moaroronnrensusse onepannn

2) Perenepanua crapoii peswnts. Tlpensaparensno noncopraponan-
Man crapan pesuia (mA, Tasioullt, ABTOMOKPEUIKH 4 T. 1) NOABep-
raercn Tutarezbnoll npoMEIAKe € temo yxazema rpasu 1 mm. Flo
‘cae MPOMDBKH ee HSMEIBUANOT AA OÓJEFUCHAA H YCKOPEHHA named
lel oGpaGorKH up KCOY IKQNHIAMN, CYLIKE. m DAMAS,

Mamenbuenny1o. peamuy nombepralor Aenyakakınaunı. JLia store
pesmia 2arpyxaerca Ha CnenMa/bREx BATOHETKAX B AE9YAKAHNSANNON
he KOT nongepraercz OGpaGorKe napox. Pesuna npu STON cr
Hoswten Markofi m naacrkanoï, 6maronapı “emy ef MONO MpHLAaTb
mOOyro POPMY # pasMepes.

Maneabuennan H 2CBYNIKAHMSMPOBANHAR CTAPAR pesna Haabisaerca
pereneparom. Tax Kak perenepar mocae seByaKaHHsAHH conepKAT
20 25% saarn, To ero noxpeprator cyuike.

BiscyuiennuAl peremepar ZAS NPHIANEA CMY IIACTHINMOCTH noxBep-
OT BALIbIEBANMIO (FLTACTUKANIA) Ha CHEUNATSHNK MallMHax — BALIb=
uax. Basbutl warpevaioren napom 20 70°C; mexay Wx Bananın sacht-
maeren perenepar, à Jarex “epea HIEKOTOPOE mpema K meMy pub
amor cmaranten» — pyOGepaxc (cuoz1a). Bambiename npoxo-xaloT
15 MHNyT, HO TEX MOD, MOKA Macca He CTAMET AOCTATONNO MarKoit
RATA

Tipomaabnomanmeh perenepar nozysaer opuy maacrun Tomnoñ
6—10 mu, Ilnactukbt cpesaioren c Bao 4 BO HsGexaHne CHHMAHER
nepecinaiorea TaKom. Ha 3TOM mpowece HASCTHKANME SaKanın-
naeren.

Bo npeun Banbıresannn nponcxoauT Zanbmeiluiee ynanenne mo pere-
separa ‚Daaru; NOSTOMY D TOTOBOM moxyaGpuxare coxepxanne
sara noneGnerca B npenenax or 1,5 10 2,5%.

Ilxacrikauu perenepara ommcanmwy CIOCOÓOM IPONSBOANTCA
aus Toraa, KOTAA ero Mpeanonarsior xpaHHTS B Tevenne Gone man
Menee npozowxuresuiioro pesenn. Ecai Me OK cpasy HANPABARETEA
Na noczeayioune NPOKSROACTREHHHE ONEpAUHH, TO OBWNO DO PEUR
PALDUCBANIA K Remy HPAGABAMOT, KPOME PYÓGEPAKCA, Kayıyk M BONOK-
Huemke nanonnmmen. Beio STY Maccy, XOPOUIO. IPOBABNOBAEAYIO,
HASHIBAIOT NNACTIKATON.

6) Moaroroska apyrax MaTepHanoB, NPHMeRAENBK mp maroron-
exit pesms, Kak TO: CepHl, Kata HT. I, CROAHTOR K MX MOACY-
TUMBADO, OCHOBATEMMONY naMestrerno u pasnecke. [lpm STOM Kao-
zu, Cana, uMeKOBE Genta M YCKOPHTEIN CMELIMBAIOTCR mMecTe,
a cepa, perewepar, Kayıyk m CMona AMOTCA B NPON3BOACTBO Kamm
B OTACIBOCTA. “és À

45

Tipurotonaenue pesunoBoñ cmecn. Cxeumparne xarepnanos, Bxo-
AML B COCTAD PesHHoDO! TOROUBM, MPOMIBOANTCA Ha BéMbUAX
Chauana pacibuyiot Kaysyx, 32TeM pasorpenaioT perenepar u PABUYIOT
ero uwecre C KayaykoM 10 NOIYUEHAA PABHOMEPHOM, KOPOLIO NPoBasy-
mopannoli cwech, Mlocae 3roro K npopamuonanıoh vacce 2o6anamoT
Mech Ca, KaOmHa, YeKopHreneh $ UMHKOBWX Gem H MpOnOz
alor pambnenamme, B MOCACAMONO oepexb B CMEC BBOXAT Cepy u
RoGHBAOTCA TIMATEABMOTO mepewenmpannn € OCTAMEINN MaTepHA~
Jamu (KOMIO!CNTAMA), COCTABAMONUMH PEANNOBYIO Maccy.

Kazannpnposanne. Ira ortepaunn uMeeT 1ecbi0 NPEBPATHTE CHATYIO
© pamsnos Gecopmernyio pesnnonyo Maccy D ANHHHyIO Jewry (¡uta
cruuy) € TaaaKoh MOBEPXMOCTLAO onperezertiton mupuibt m TON.
Kananapuponanne nponanonuren na wanınnax-kanannpax. Tlonomeen-
Hy, CMECb, CHATYIO € BANBLOB, MIPOMIYCKALOT MPEADAPHTE.IEHO B Teenie
4—5 munyÿr vepes oGorpesareabiwe Bar, a sarem noCe ee Ha-
rpeva oGpaGarsinaior ua xananpax. Orciona ona PHXONNT B mine
menpepsionoR CITE, HMEIOMEÑ 3ARAMIYIO sapanee LMPHHY m TOM.
Bynteawaa ‚era MpnYApABaercz TAMKOM, TOOK He CAMNANACE, m
CKATRIBGCTCA B PYAOME, Baten HTY paspegaor HA NARCTAHE, Babel
B&IOT H MCPEAAIOT B BYAKIMMIAUMONHE eX.

Byaxamnsannn. ¿Las npwaanns pesunonoh naaeruite mpoanoeru u
CTOÑIKOCTH npx Bosneherai Ha nee NAMeHehKÄ TeumepaTyphi M pacTBO-
Phrenel, maacrana noasepraetea pyakannaaunn. TIpx 9TOM OHa npu-
o6peraer onpencnennyo Tsepaocre, YUPYTOCTD H saacrainocrs. Cy-
MMÉCTBYIOT TPH OCHOBINX CROCOGA BYAKARIAUNE:

a) Topaunh — nyreu Harpenara CMECH Kayuyka € cepoñ m erent:
amix anmaparax (mpeccax, Kornax);

6) xonoauuuh — NYTEM_BOSRCÍCTEMA Ha KAYUYK XAOPHCTHX COCA
Heniifi cept Ges Harpenanı,

2) o6paGorka kayayka—nyren BBREPAHRAHNA ero » armocpepe
‘cepuucroro rasa 1 ceposoxopoza.

Tipn npoussoactwe PESHHOBOË HOAOMIBE MPHMEHMOT TOPRAYIO Bya-
xanmsawmo. Ja STOR wea nenombsyior NPEHMYULECTBEHHO BYAKARH-
saunonnse npecca Tlocrymaoinne ua Dyakannaaumo maacransi pego
Bapuresbio HPHNYAPHBAOTCA TAMBKOM, a JATEM aarpyxaioren B mpecc.
3xecb om, NOADEPFAACD BOSACÄCTBNO BLICOKOTO AABIHHA H Tenmepa-
1yph, Ayaıkannanpyioren, Tlocae Dy.TKaumaanın TACTIL NOrPYAAMOT
3 Oak © XOAORHOR BOAO ANT OXIAMACNAA m MpeRoTepamenia
Mepenyasannzaunn. Y oxaaxaewabix maactai o6pyOaiorca ocodoh
ManmuoR (rumonmoll) Hepognbte Kpaa, nOCAe ero NAACTHNSE Kanpas-
AAIOTCA MA copTADOAKY.

Copruponxa. Copraposkoñ onpenenstor Kauecrao Kaknoh OT
volt maacruubi; D SIBUCHMOCTA OT HAININA B Hell Tex mam ApyrHx
TOPOKOB, ee OTHOCAT K onpestesentiomy COPTY corsactio TPCÓOBAMMAM,
TIPCADABAACMBIM K PESHMOBOÏ nOXOIMNe NEAcTAYIOLLHMM Cranzapranı.

‘TpeGosanus, npeansinanemue K roronomy daGpuxary

Pesusonaa MOAOWIBA HSTOTOBARETCA D ANNE OTAEMBHMX naacTAN
pasmepom 525x525 um m roauumoñ or 3,510 5 ux m eue. Ona
AOMKHA YROBACTRODATA CACAYIONMM TEXHUUCCKAM YCAOBHAM.

46

Tlonepxnocts MaCTHH AOMKHA ObiTb COBCPUICHNO FAAAKOR H OANO-
poznoh no usery, Gea muren, Tpeutwn, nysHpeñ, MIPOKOROB, paKonim M
Marera cpu. Kpas ee ¡OMA ÓNTO POBHO u akkypaTHo OGpesaus.
Comepineno we ROMYCKACTCA HasHuHe D UNACTIMAX nocTOpOIKHX
BKmovennt.

Bee KOMNONENTEL, BXOAAMNE B COCTAB PESHNOBOÏ MIACTIME, MOA
dest OBITS TILATENBMO HSMENSUEMB H pasHoMepHO CELA, TOOL
B roToBoM (paúpuKare CODepuenno OTCYTCTROBAIH KOMXH HATOAHH-
‘eseli uam APYTHX MATEPHANOB.

Flo comu «pomxo-exammiecknm ceofleTeaM momowBeniian peau-
HOBAM MAACTHHA AOMKMA YAOBATBOPATE MOPMAM, ycTaHouNeNHBIM
‘cTaniaaprasn.

‘Popmonaninue pesnuonse Aeraat, DOPMODANHEMH HAINMATOTCA
Pesmmonue sera, KOTOPMM mpunama NYTEN DOPMORAHHR erporo
empenenennan opha u PasMeph, HaMpuMep, GopMosanHsA NOAOLIBA

Pue. 16. Popuosannas peanuonan noxomea

COCTABIMeT ORIO nenoe € KAÓNYKOM; NH 9TOMNOBEPXIOCTE NOAOIIBA,
KoTopan ROMA ÓYRET MPMAeTaTb K 3ATAMYTOA na KOZOAKY oßyn

bopuyerca Tax, aToGW mpuzerame OBL1o MAOTHBIN, Gea uteneh
sasopon (pue. 16)

‘aK Kak KONCIPYKUMA pOPMODAMIOR MOXOMDA yMensiaer Kor-
ecrao omepannh m mponanoncrne 0ÓyBn, TO ona Nocrenmenno BHTECHAET
PESUMOBYIO ITACTUNy H HaxOANT Bce Gombutee mphmenerne.

B cocras peantonoh bopmovanolt ttomouteis DXOAAT Te ME MaTe-
pam, KaKne HCnOMSVIOTCA M LIN BAACAKH PESMOOË maactuitt.
Tiponssoxcrao opvonanofi MOXOMBN OTAWIACTOA D OCHOMMOM TeM,
TO pesiHoBaA CMECE, MAYUIAN Ha Ce HITOTOBIICHHS, Mo BYAKAHHSAUEE
dopMyeren » cneunanbnsix opmax. Byıkannsauna MONOLIBE npons-
BOAHTeR B TAX me dopmax, ¡TO oßecneurnact NPA TOTODONY
SaGpxary ompenenennbix pasMtepos m haconon (Konerpykamm).

Kpone dopuosannoñ noaowset, M3 pesmi H3TOTOBARETCR m op-
Monaiiiom DHAE pad Apyrux neraxeñ oÖvon: noaMeTKH, KaGOHKH, KaG-
aysn m pases. TpeGoBanus, npexbaantewnie K ST Mares, onpe-
Reamoren Hopman, YCTAHORACHHUINK CTAMAAPTAMM.

Muxponopncran pesnosan nogowea. Pcannoban HOAOLIBA, 11ecMo-
TPA Ha PAN ee noïOKNTEMNX Kauectn (npouHOCTs, Nana HCTApae-
MOCTE), e yAOBMACTBOPRET noTpeOiTeneh BcmencTBHe csoeh moon
BosayxonenponmuremocTH m BSICOKOFO yaembHoro meca (10 1,55),

Ar

nosrouy eramı pHMycKaTs HOBHA BER PESAHOBOË TOXOLIBA — MHKPO-
nopheryo.

“Mukponopicran ogoua smsnremmo zérue oGanoñ (ua 30—
40%), ee ynemwmi nec koneóxerca B npenenex oT 0,7 20 0,85,
a SKCNMOATAUNOHNBIE cBolicTaa He me OGM PESMMOBOË ORO
Hecmorpa Ha 910 ee IIMPOKOMY npiweneumo mpenarcrayer Goabutar
MSTKOCTb I SAACTHIMOCTH, 13-38 KOTOPHIX MOMOLIBA He MOMET Kpe-
nursca HauGoree pacnpocrpanenuaM 8 OGYBHOM NPOWSDORCTBE METO=
AMM — BAHTOBKIN, XéPEBANHO-UMHTEBN HM AP. à TPEÖyET CRENHAR-
Holt mporaeñ npomHEKH.

Maroronnenue xmxponopHeroR pes oTsuyaeren Tem, «ro u ee
COCTAD puoasr DEMECTOA, KOTOpHE npH BYAKARHAAU pesimonoR
MaccH MepexonsT B rasooÓpaaMoe ‚cocTonmme, OÓpasyA NOPHCTOCTE
B rorosom baópmkare. Vaenbunenne Me ee yxemnoro Beca AoCTH
TACTCA SAMCMOR TAKBX THKEMMX MANOAMATCCÍ, KAK KAOAMI M MEM,
Gonee nerkm, neon menti yen Dec.

„UWnpeanposannan nogourea. Illnpernponankoh nonoumoh Has
BaeTeH pesnmonan MONOIIBA C TKAHEBBMH IMPOCAOÉKAMA, KOTOPBIE BBO-
AnTen B pesuny AIR yoemHNeHUA ee BASKOCTH, ATOM NOAOLIDA POX
Wee epmasac wa DHKTAX M LUNKIDKRX. *

IIJACTKOMA
Tlaaerkoxe upumeniered B OCHOBMOM ¡M5 DHKPOR 1eraneñ Husa
OÓYBM, MPAKPEN.IAEMOFO BHHTOBEIM H MEPÉRAHO-LUMNENIEM CTIOCOÓOM,
A Take AR NOZOLIB K MOAMETOK pn PeMONTE o6ysH. B api maact-
Kona HCNO:IB3YCTCA 8 KAMCTBE PEMOKTHOFO MATEPMAN,
B naacıkomy mp ee HITOTODIENHH PXOMAT CAEAIOLNE KOMNO-
meurs (e 99):
A]
A
Perenepar . wale
Cava mora 2 2: 2 2
Pyébepaue . o 00 00
Mo Ea EE
Gm soi
Ora unis. 2
Kara...
Tapas ss.
Baara m aeryane peuecraa . on > si

Marepnaası, Mpuuensemble MpH HATOTOBACHNH NAACTKOKR

Bosoxaucre Marepan. Kak BIO na npueenemuoro He

petenra (KOMAOSHLMH) LAACTKOKH, Gombmoe MECTO B ee COCTABE Ban“
Malo? BOOKMuCTHe marepmaaa (xpowonan ETPYMKA).

Bananne OTRENBHNX MATEPHAIOP, BXOAANNX D COCTAB NAACTKOXN,
Ha ee KAUECTBO MSyWeHo Mao, OXAKO MPHNATO CHHTATÉ, WTO Hal
Gone ue HS HEX ABAAETCR XPOMOBAR CTp)/tiKa, KAUECTIO KOTO-
POR m Koamuectao, BXOMAMIES B KOMMOsHUMO, ONPERCAAT KANECTBO
Ha6punara,

48

UWenextupyiomne memecrna. B KawecrBe crotemsaromero (nemerra-
pyloutero) semecrsa, coeaMiimowero DONOKHCTHE MATEPHAIE 5
UNACTISCCKYIO MACCY, MPIMENAIOTCA PAAIHUNBIE COPTA KaK HaTypasb-
KOTO, TaK it CHHTETHNECKOO Kayuyka.

Benomorarenbusse marepnaaı. Cioa OTHOCRICA Marepnacı, oGec-
neuiBaïouuie Moxy eHNe B IIPOMECCE NPONABORCTBA H3 OCHORHOFO CHPA
naacriuecKoN MACCH H HMEIOMIHE HASHAUEHNE COOGWATE MIACTROXe
onpenexenue dusiiko-nexaunveckne cooficToa.

Be 13 wi npnMenneron 5 KATECTPE PACTROPHTEA Kayıyka © Neo
nonyuenng pesHHOBOTO Ken AA CKPENEHNR BOTORHHCTEX MaTepHa.tOR.

Cepa nnanercn ByaKaunsaropoM KayuyKa; ona COOÖLLAET emy ana.
cruaNoëTs H CTOÍMOCTE K HAMEIEHAAM TEMMEPATYPES.

Kanrarc u TH ÿ pas cayxar YcKOpITeAN BYAKANRIAUUR

Caxau OKHCE KuHKa mpeacrasamor COGO Tax HasbipaeNbıe
HANOANKTEAM, nOBAMIALOMEAE QHAIKO-MEXAHNNECKME cnolersa naact-
Koa (NPOHHOCTB, CONPOTHP.IEHNE. HCTHPAHHIO),

Py66epanc u Kannd ox» NPHMEHMOTCA B Kauecrae Maranre-
aeñ naacrKoxu. Onn o6neryaor cmelimanue pacrBopa Kayayka
€ ocTambHBIMH KONMOWEHTAMH IM HECKOABKO YBEAMIHRAIOT KAESMYIO
CMOCOÓKOCTA Kayıyra.

Kparxoe ommcanne nponsnoncrna naacrkomm

TIponanoacrno naacrkomm pasóumaerca na Ane rpyrms nponeccon
a) nonrororxremume onepanui #6) OCHOBHBIE TEKHONOFANECKAE NPO-
eccu. Tlepaiie 5 cx01 OWEPEAb CKABAMBANOTCA u3 HOATOTOBKH 10-
OKMMCTHX MaTepHa.108, MPACOTODACHNA HEMENTAPYIOInUX MeNLECTB H
HOATOTOBKE BenoMoratenskoro ChPbA. ÜCHOBHBIE TexHozorHuecKHe
npouecest ACATCA HA CHERYIIUNE ONEPAUHM: NPRFOTOBACHNE IMCTH-
AECKOR MACCH, HITOTOBJCANE MAACTHN, CYUIKA H MPECCOBKA MIACTKORH.

Monroronnreasunie onepauun. TIoaroTonka KOeBeHHBix BOJOKHN-
CTHX MATEPHANOB SAKMIOUACTEX B creayioneu. XpoMoBaa CTPYAKA,
Nocrynaioulak B IMPONSDORCTBO, TINATEAINO OTCOPTUPORMBaETCH OT M0.
cToponniux mpumeceik: KpÿTHX KYCKOB KOKH, Knee, necka, MeTas
zurieckux exmosenmA. Flocae storo ee nongepraior MPOMBIBKE 3 npo
TOxuoÑ Boze.

Tax Kak XpOMOBAM CTPYKKA MMEET BEICOKYIO KHCIOTHOCTS (COME:
KIT CROGOXMYIO KMCAOTY), TO MOXET NpHBECTH K OCAAÓAEMINO HOO
KOH D MIACTKOME M MELIAET HOPMAADMOMY TEMMMIO MPOLECCOD npoLs

_ PORCTBA, TO NPOMHTYIO CTPYKKY MERTPAMMAYIOT PACTBOPOM Karin
ponannoit con. Heñrpaanaonamnas crpyxKa conepnr 70—80% Bord,
‘AMA YAAACHHA KOTOPOË CTPYHKY OTKHNAIOT Ha BAALIAX HU HPECCAX.
Tiocne oracumeu erpycca mpurmsaer DOPMY, CIRO CHPECCOBANHEX
ENT Ha MAKETOD; NO9TOMY Teper cneAyloınel onepauneh — CyWUKOË —
ee noagepraiT pacwenre#Ho (pasanpke Ha soxoxna). Pacwennennan
crpyxKa nocrynaer JUIA Jamneñneñ NONCYUH m CUIDA,

Tax kak nocze cyuik XPOMOBAR CTPYAKA npeactananer COGOÏ ue
OAROPOXMYIO CMECb, B KOTOPOË HonaaoTeA AODO:NO KPyansıe KYCKI
KOXH, TO ee HEDÓXO]IIMO AasIee MOABEPTHYTS HSMEMIEHHIO $ pasmene-
Ho Ha BOAOKHa. DTH ONCPAUHH MPOMSDOANTCA Ha CHELMAIHUX 13-
Membaionlix anmaparax — APOGHAKAX, CHAOCOPESKAX MT. Ma

4 Tourne opus canor 49

Tlocxe oGpaorkn wa 3Tux annépaTax erpyakka NPEBPALLATCR 6 ny-
ALHCTYIO MACCY, COCTORULYIO #3 OTACMBHEIX, PAIX 10 Demunke DONO-
[pi asuma m STO Macce Gosllioro KONIUECTRA KDYNHBX BO-
10KOW ee IPOMYCKAIOT wepes BERAKY H KPYIHBE BOTOKHA MONBEPTAtOT
Aonozummemuony Hanemaennio. Ha stom Onépamn NOATOTOBKH XpO-
MOnOA erpyncis sakanumBaroren.

B Kayecrpe eMeHtupyioutero BELLECTBA ANA MATOTOBACHAA NARCT-
non cayacmr kayuyk, Kayayk npnennercn 8 mponanoaerse 5 nnne
Pesunonoro KeR unit B BHXE BOXHOÍ Ancnepcun.

PesnnonuiA Kael npencraañer coGof pacTeop Kayuyka n Gensune.
Hpocreñwmñ cnocoG mpurorossienua pe3niOBOrO Ken SAKMOUETER B
TOMeMeHHH HAMESTEHKOFO CEPOTO Kayıyka B COCYA c Genanmon H
B Mpenoctanneniia ey BOSMOXHOCTA CBOGORHO HAÓYXATD H paCTBO-
parécA pie Mepnoandeckom nepemeumpannn cwech. Tax Kak TOT cno-
<06 sannvaer Muoro spewenu u TpeOyer Gomoro Konnteerna anna
PaTYPH, TO NPATOTOBAEHNE pesAHOROTO Kae MEXAMHIMPYIOT, MPAMEHAR
naw stoli tend mexaruseckne Kaeewememx#, Cuech Kayayka 1 Geu-
sa NOCH HEKOTOPOTO HAGYXANMA Kayıyka SarpyMacten 8 Kaeene-
InasıKy_M MOABEPrAETCH HenpepHIEHOMY TrepemennBarno AO MOMyLeHHR
COBepILENNO OAHOPOAHOR Mach, TA ensuaÄline wacTHNB Kay¥yKa
PaBNoMepxO pacnpenenenss no BCEMy PACTEOpATEMO.

Boauan aitenepens KayuyKa mpeneramaser coDoR cmech kayayka u
Box, 8 KOTOPOR Measuahllme WacTHUM Kayıyka HAXORATOR BO maRe-
Low cocronmn. Bonitas AHCIIEpCHA Kayıyka Aeulenae pesmioBoro
Ras, He DHAEANT SpeRHEX HETapenHÄ Mp ee HETOMLIOUANAE D MpO-
HOBOACTBE, a Kak HeMeNTUpyiomuÍ marepHat Me ycrynaer no Kame:
Cray pesmonomy Kaew. OAHAKO moJyuemme ee ropasno cxomnee, Cue-
iuwvame KayuyKa c BoAOH YAReTCA € ÓOXBIIIM TPYAOM; NOAYUeH-
Han cMech ouenb necrolika 1 Kayıyk na nee nerso nuinanaer. Jaa 06-
serene Nonyuenmm BOXHOR Anenepcnn Kayıyka m An npnannn eh
croliKocTH K Neil AOGABAROT PRR BEULECTB: Tally, MINO, Ke, Ka-
sean, Tysamapahnk.

Bee Bcnoworaremitie Marepnaa, MOCTYMANOINNS AIM. NPOHIBOA-
crea naacrkox, AHO MENKO HIMENBUAIOTCA, AGO | PACTIOPMIOTCH.
BoNbIIMNCTRO Marepañou — cepa, caxa, OKIICO wiHKa m YcKOpH
Team — nocTyratOT Ha 3ADOR D DMA MOPOLIKOD, 110 D mx, Kak Mpa
BIO, BCTPeUaIOTCA KOMKH m NOCTOPOHHHE mpuuecn. Tlosrony ar Ma-
TEPHANH MOADEPFAIOTCH TULATEALHOMY HINEATBSEHNO.

Tipocennnsie u n3uexbuennbre MATCPMA:TS paanenmnaoren ua 07-
Aube MOPLNN, BeMMHUNNA KOTOPHX OMPEXCARETCA B SABHCHMOCTH OT
Beca MPOHSBOACTBENNOR naprum NAACTROX.

Hoxroroska py6Gepaxca u ApyrHx cMon cAORHTEA K pacrnopenmo
ux B Gensune. PacTBopeHne nponanoanten Ham nvecte c Kayaykom
HAN OTAENSNO; KOMMECTLO THX MATEPHA.IOB, HEOOXOAHNOE AA MAN“
HOR KOMIOSHUAN Ga6pHKaTa, NpEABAPATEMNO paccuurninaeren m BaNe-
uumaaercn, vot

Ocosmse rexmosormuecxne npouecem. TIpuroronacnne naacrn¥e-
cuolh MaccHt meer HEMI OGecnenrs, cweunanHe DCEX waTepmanon.
BXOAAULHX B COCTAD FUIACTKOMM, UTOÓS MONYUITD CODEPLIEHNO OANO-
POAHYIO MwacTHNeCKYIO MACCY, m KOTOPOÑÍ oTRENBMBIE HaCTHULA Ka-

_KJOTO M3 CMCUINBACMEX METEPHAAOB AOLKHH pasHOMepHO pacnpene-
ATACA no BCEMY OGREMY CMECH.

Cxemmnarme MPONIBOMATCA D CNECHABHBX MALIMIAX — CMECHTENAX.

B cMecuren MOMEMIA!OT MEOGXOAMMOL KOMYECTOO pesHHOsoro
wen, garen A0banımor pacropm cwon, pyÓGepaxca m kampoma.
Tlocze wx mepeMeinnahn 8 CMECHTEI MOCTENENNO BBOART CAY, BO-
AOKHHCTHIE HANOAHUTEAH, CCPY HOKHCK LMHKA HB NOCAHIOIO OAPEAE
X cuech A0ÖaBAmOT NYKUOE KOXHNECTDO YCKOPHTEER nyaKanınaan.

Hapaay c onmcamoR cxewoR MpHroTosenia mracTHecKoR macchi
UIYTEM CMEIIMBAMEA KOMMOHNEKTOB, BXORAILHX B ee COCTAB, MOXHO
powsedauT» sy onepaumo no cnocoßy peamuosoro npoussocrsa,
T. €. «CMCUNNATE WX HA BAMBIAX Öe3 NPEXBAPATEMHOTO PacrBopenna
Kayayra. +

Harorosacnne naactun pasOnnaercn Ma 19€ CTannn: a) me msro-
romteune TMOCKHX OpnkeTon 14 Ó) Ha BambiLeBANHe GpHKETOR Aan MOAY-
wer nnactHd,

Burpyxeitian 43 CMechTenn TeCTOOÓpasman MACCA pasaeaReTca Ha
xyeun pecom » 1,5—2 xr, Oraeabiisie KycKu XOPOMO yauiaioTes
pyxamu, a sarem monpepraiorcn Aelleromo mpecca, KoTOpEIR B ne
CKOMKO mpuemoa npespaitaet ux B neneurxy — Gpaxer. Tlonysemnsie
Spaxerst saasuyior. Bamuoexa hponsvonnten Tp mpuema. Tlepsan
PAMOOKA MpenpaujaeT GpHKETH D TAT; SATEM STH TUIACTARE
epernbaiores BRO (KHWOKKON) 1 NORBEPTAIOTCA BTOPHUNONY Basie
Bao AMR MOZYWeHMR YRAOTHEMHOR, POBHOR To TOMIAAME NAACTAME.
Mocae storo naacruu nponycKaiorea sepes TPETHO BAXBMODKY, KO-
Topan HocHT rasBanHe OTAENOWHO; SAeCb OIK OKOKYATENDHO YAOTHA
JOTCA H MpHOSpeTAIoT POBIYIO, TAARKYIO MOBEPXHOCTb.

TIposamuopaunHe MAACTAHB HOCTYNAIOT Ha OGpesKy npaeb.
OGpeska npowssoauTes HA CHNBOTNE, PAC BBPABNNDAOTCA KpaR naa-
CTHHL m HMC TPIAACTCA (POPMA MPABIIBMENX TETBIPEXYTOMBEHKOR,

Cymka u MpeccoBKa MAACTKOXE HMEIOT Wem YAATEMHE Ma MATE-
Puasa wnara u pacroopureneñ, a Take namneuee ynaornenne
ncrkox. Kpoxe TOTO, no BPEMA STHX ONEPanmÍ npowexonNT nocTe-
nenan ayakannsauns PaGDHKATA.

Cyuxa npovoaures: B TPH das, nocae Kaaoh CYIIKH HAGCTHH
Npeccyior, HODHLLAH NH 9TON Aab.neume Mpeccos.

Byakannsaunn nmactun NPOHCKOANT TAABHEM OpasoM BO Bpeun
mocneaneh (rperseñ) eyuna.

Cyukoñ m npeccoëkoñ onepauum no mpousnoacrBy maacrkomn
sakakansaioren $ TOTOBASI MPOAYKIVIA NOCTYTIBET Ha CKAA.

TpeGooanus, NpEALABANEMNE x maacrrome

Tinaerkoma no CUOMM puanko-wexamiuecin noxagareaaM art
MaeT cpemiee Mecro MOXAY noAOLINEHKOR xoxeÑ m peannool maa-
ernnoi. Ona serve OÓNuNOR peatHoaol! nomouim u Mposee ce Ha
papi

Kpome Toro, naacTkoxka BRTOAHO OTAMMAETCA OT peaMHb Tem,
470 bone yAOBACTBOPHTEABNO ACPIMTCA, NA BHATAX À DIMHILKEX

“e si

DKCNNOATAMMHOMMBE MOKASATCAN HIACTRÓAH HENOCTORHNB MAPALY
€ MATEPMAzoM, MPEDOCXONSIMUN MO HOCKOCTH MOAOLBEHNYIO KORY,
Sacro serpedaerem MIACTKOMA, KOTOPAA HPHXOAUT B HETOANOCTE B Nep-
suit Ke MeCAR HOCKH OÓYDM. Onta 1eTKO PACCHANBAETCA, pasMouaait
BaeTeH, JIOMACTCA, KPOUnITeH H WaMeHAeTeR no mama. Tipuwna
TAUX NPOTHBOpEMMX IKCH.IOATAUNONNDEX CBOÑCTB TOTO BaMeHNTEAR
noka ne yeranonena.

Tpebonannn, npennapanensie K Kauecray roToworo «paópuKara,
CRORATCA K cnexywineMy.

Heoóxommo, «roÓBI nactuus Ola OXNOpOXIMME no NBETY,
saacTHyHLIM À MXOMKIMI; TOOL WX MIOMEPXROCTE Onina POBHOR,
raankoñ, Ges TPE, BMATAN H SHNYKAOCTEA:, MERONYCTAMO. COACP-
Kale a NAACTKOME KYCKOB KOKH, HCMIMEASNOHNON CTPYAKI H APYTHX
Oxmoyenuß; oma He ROJDKMA paCCHANBATEC; ee Kpañ ROMMEL OBIT
posno m raaxko oGpesam.

Tlnacrkoma numycraeren mnacrmmamn — pasmepow 60X60 cm
man_56 X 66 cm; Toma ee koncónerca B npenenax 4—5,75 MN.

To Kavecray nnacrxoma neanren na rpm copra: 1-8, 2A m 3

TIo cBonw dmamro-mexamaeckmm cnoÑicraaM MIACTROXA MONA
YROBASTBOPATS HOPMAM, YCTAHOBACHHBM CTAMIAPTOM.

* OBYBHBIE KAPTOHBI

OGymwsMH KapTONANH HA9MBAIOICA MATEPMIAM, KOTOPsE OTAMUA-
TCH OT OÓNUMBX KapTOHOS TEM, 4TO B HX COCTAB BORAT PRA be
ects, COOÓLIAIOIHX sTHM MaTEpHATaM MeoBXoRHNEe qiamno-Mexa
Himeckne ceolictaa: MPOUHOCTE, CIAÓYIO paccmannaemoctb, BOAOCTOÏ-
KOCTB 11 yBenuseHte conpoTuavienuA MCTapannıo.

Samewires TOTO Tiina HenomsyioTeR MPEHNYILECTDENNO Ha OT-
nensie ETA OÓYBM, KaK TO: CTEMKH, 3ANHHKR, KECTKHE HOCKH,
Kaöaysu u mpocTaaKa,

ÖByBuLe Kapow, B 3ABUCHMOCTA OT UATEPHANOD, 13 KOTOPHX OHH
MATOTODAEINEI, MeAATCH MA TPH DANA: CICUKAPTON, KOKKAPTON m Ape
Becuiill Kapron.

Ociouium cipsem Aaa IPONIBOACTDA WasvAHUBX KAPTOHOS A
AMOTCH pate BOAOKINICTHe MaTepmamı: Tpsnec, Apenechan
Macca, APEBECHaR Lenmono3a, KOKEBEHHHIE OTKORM N AP.

B rpÿnny Tpatisa oGveanumorea pasımunsie orpaoranibe TeK-
crunvbé uszeaia. B saBncHNOCr OT Bla BOJOXHACTOTO MaTepHAma,
‘Off COCTORT H3 XIONKOPHX, ABNAMNX, AMYTODSIX, NeMBKOBBIX AP
rux Boxoxom. Tlepen sanyexom 8 MPONSBORCTBO Tpatbe copriipyercn
MO POAY BOAOKKHCTOTO MATepMaza, TOMMINE DOAOKOK, HX OKPacKe
M sarpasnennocra. Mlocne copruponkn tpambe nonnepraeren ouicrre,
HOMEABAENNNO, BBISAPKE B LETONABIX PACTBOPAX H MPONBBKE m ACTOR
Bone.

Üpenecuan macca npencrasaser co6ofl npoaykr mexannueckoh 06-
paGorkn npenecnitsu (raautim OOpason Apesecnnb em, COCHE m
ocuut), Tloayyenne apesecnofi maccm na Apenecimst # OCHOBNOM eno-
Aurea K TINATEMNONY HsMeMNEKWIO HOCACANCÑ HK Pasapoßnenmo
Ha oraembble BonoKna, Jlymueñ apenecnoh waccof curmaeren Oypan,

52

pa npossoxerse KoTOpOR Apenecuna nepen momembuemnem noauep-
FACTOR MPCABAPITEABNOMY PACNAPaBAMMIÓ hau NPOAPHBAMO ® Kunn-
ue one.

Tipenecias neanıon03a smaneres MATEPIANON, NOAYYACMM m peay.tir
rate xunmieckofl OGPAÓOTKH Apesechmi, Onaronapa KOTOPOR ROCTH=
Faeted ocooGoxaeltHe APCHECHAX BOAOKOK OT BEUNELTD, HOKpat>
BAOX HX CTCHKH, MPOTMTEIBAONX H CKEMPAIOUUIX BOJOKNA, B Ka-
NecTBe pearewros aA STOR OÓPaGOTRH HCMONESYIOT pasame mue
nom m KuCAOTES, B GYMAMUO-KAPTOMIOM NPOMIBOACTEE MPHMENAETCA
Faannun OÓpadOM He:IMOJO32, MOAYIENMAR CYASÓATIAIM CUOCOÓON,
1. €. nyrew OOpaorKH Apesecnma commu ceproM xucaoria (com
KAMBINA HA MAP) DPI HOBULICHNOM ARBACHKN H DEICOKOR TEMNE-
parype.

Komesenniie OTXOAM BXOXAT B COCTAB KOKKAPTONA Hapaay © Na“
SURIEIWH BBE MATEPMNEMA 5 BAC KOKEBEHHX BOAOKON, NOAYae-
MUX 313 MCIKEX OTKOROB HOME KOMEDHHUX 380008, | OÉYENUX
m opxo-cexerbunx ÉAGPHR (CTPYHKH, AOCKYT, Mb MT. Th).
Bee STH OTXOAW MOABEPTAIOTCA HaNEABUEHNO M' PACLLENAEHMO Ha
BOnoKHa.

Kapronnoe npon3BoReTaO pacnapaeren Ha cneayiomie ochonmie
HpOLeCCH: 4) NOALOTOBKA BOXOKHHCTHX MATEPHANOB K POPMOBAHNO
atera, 6) opwovauite ancron mn) OTREAKA Kaprona.

Toaroroska nOAOKHNCTUR MaTepHaTOB saKmovaeTeR 8 CaeAyID-
mex. Bce noctynamutee B MPOMSBOACTBO CHPbe, COCTORLLEE 13 POAOK-
HHCTAX Marepna.ion, HOCHT Hasvanıe monyuacce. Tlonywacca noanep-
TACTCA TLATODUOMY pasMomy, MPM KOTOPOM CTPEMATCA AOCTHN NOA
Horo paaneneunn Merepuason 1a ornemmme BoAOKHa, Mocae paamona
NPONSBOAHTCA CMEUINBAHAE PASAHUNBIX BHAOB BOJOKON B KO-HNECTBAX,
KOTOphie Japanee OMPERCAMIOTCA B SADHCHMOCTA OT PENA Buipaßarsınae-
Moro KApTOMA, Tak HanpHMep, px MSTOTOBACHNI KOXKAHOTO Kaprona
5 cocTae cmecu exoaur 50-75% KOXANOTO BOAOKHA, OCTAMb-
vue 25—50% mpnxonnTen na A020 Tpanss, apevectoh maces Ham
nenmoaon. Cmeimnanme MPONSBOTCA B CMEIMATBHBK CMÉCHTE
MAX MALA e

Oxmompenemo CO cweumoanes BOJOKMMCTEIX KOMNONEITOR
5 cuech DDOJAT PAR AOMOMINTEIMNX_MATEPHAOD — Namornnrench,
KACALANX u KPACALLNX semecrs. B KauecTBo KANOMMHTENR NOAMEHAIOT
xgoaun, sea, rane apyrie semecrsa. Hanoanwtem HMEIOr 5 Kap-
TORHOM MpOHSRORCTRe Pagamunoe HAIMAMEMHE: OHH HCNONSAVIOTCA
aan yayınenum usera (orÉe-ku), Raa YMeRbUNeKHR NopucrocTH Qab-
Pukara 1 cooGuenns ey OAMOPOAHOCTH; MONA HC HX MPHMENATOT
Ana yneımennennn kaprona

Kenne Demecrña NPHGABAMOTCA K CMECH AA YMENBILENNA BO-
Aonpoxuuaemoctd # mamoxæewocra dbaOpukava, 2 Tanke um yayı-
MeHHA ero MexaHHMeckHx CBOÑÍCTB — YREAHIEHNA MPONHOCTH, yMeKb-
lens paceaansaewocTa # 7. I. Hanboxbuiee npaveuètue np mpo-
waelike Kaptona MMCET CMOANNOE MIO, NOAyHaemoe OMBLTeHKEM Ka-
sons coxoñ. Kpome TOTO, aaa TON erm HCNOMYIOT m PAL AP
Tux vemecrs: 2NBOTHBI KC, KasenH, PACTBOPE Kayuyka m nea:
Aynonna.

53

Kpacamme semecrea seomatca 8 cuetó aaa coo6memna da6pn-
kary Toh uns apyroit oxpackm. Jan 9TOË wen NPHMEHMOTOA ABLA
OÓPa30M KPACKI opranwRecxoro MPOMCXO ACI.

Kapronuan Macca, COCTOAUIAA M3 HSMENDUCHHOTO BOIOKMHCTOrO
MarepHasa, MAnomHHteneñ, Kenn M KPACAILHX “BelmecTB, Ha-
mpanimeren are ax ‘opwonskun muera. Dopuonsnme Meer
LEO PACMPEACIMTD MACCY PASHOMEHMM TOHKHM CAOCM, TOOK
Mocae YAaeıan BOS cnpecconante BOROKNA cnmaamıch APYT
© Apyrom M OOpAsoBaıh CMAOWIMOÄ, OAHOPOAHBN no cBOAcTBaM,
baöpukar.

OPMORAINE IPORIBORAT HA creNANBHIX KAPTONONENATENINX
(ceryareı) mamma. Oxo cBOmuTcA K pacnpenerenm Macchi Ha ceT-
SATOR nosepxHocTH MALE TOHKHM pasKOMepHIM CAOEM, YAaZEHKO
No MACCH boas (OrXGMXC), MONYCKY aucTOB vepes Mau, npec
comke m cyumke paópmkara.

Orgeaka HNeeT UeMbIO Aanbkeñee ynaOTHEHHe MaTepnana H yayı
luenue ero sfewxero Bmxa, Tpoueccbi OTAEAKH SAKMONEIOTCA B OCHOB-
HOM B TPONYCKamA MATH ‘epea clicTeMy OTULIMOBAMIR ayryt
HBX 52708; D OTACABMEX CAYUARX, ECAM Kaprony TpcÖyeren NOMASTO
‘eicoKm Tamen, ero MOABEPTAIOT ROMEO CHELHAMMMN araTo-
on Ka,

Ornenannbıli paGpukar coprupyiot u HaNpanamior na cKaan Toro-
of mpoayxui.

‘Cneuxapron. CueuKaproHOM HA3MBACTCA KAPTOM, HSTOTORCHMAA
H3 TPANOWKOTO BONOKHA H APEDECHO-ME.MO.TOINOÄ MACCLI, NPOKAeeNNOR
raprayeou Ham mporumankoh suymeneh Heranoro Girywa.

Cheukaprow mpruensetca TMABHBIM oOpasoM AAA HITOTODICHAR.
saproutux dopyonanıx saxwixon, Oi abnyekaeren a sie auteTo
paamepom 100%90 cu nm 11070 cm m Tomnunoit 1,5—2 Mu.

K kawecray creukaprona MPEABABNAOTCA crexyionme TpeSonanna:
OH AOMKEH OUT ILIOTHLIM, SIACTHSHLIM, PABHOMEPHLIM MO TOAUMMHe;
ero TOnepxHocTh AOMKHA OHTB COREpUIeHHO TAaAKof M HMÈTE erKuh
rawen. Or cneukaprona Tpeöyeren, uTOÓM OR xopowlo CKAeMBanca
© Koxkelt 4 TEKCTAIDHEMH TKAHAMM; PH BBIKPOE (LITANNOBKE) m DOp-
MOBke io Hero 93AMNKOD — me paccnaHeancs H He kpowtncs. Bewecraa,
KOTOPM mponmran nn mpoksteen RAPTON, He ADAME BRICTYNATE, Ma
ero nonepxnocrs npn Temneparype mie 45° C.

Koxxaptom. KoXxKapromom HASbIBalOT Marepuaa, HSCOTOBACHME no
cnocoGy KapTOHHOrO MPOMABOACTAA HA KOERCHHBIX OTXOAOR, ApeBec-
HO-1CAROAO3HON 1 TPATOMOÏ maces, © MpHNENEHNEN. crevanbiesx
mpoxaeek mam nporurrox. Kak sameuuremb KOXM 9TOT MATEPHAT NPH-
MONAETOA PEHMYINECTBERHO jam warorondenun KAÓAYKOD m UX
oraemisıx aerate (panko).

Koxkapron Bbixeibipaercn B BAC AMCTOD MPAMOYTOAGHOA opMEL
pasmepom 10090 cm, romnmmoñ oxono 3,5 mM.

TpeCovanna, upexbaonaemne K KAYECTBY 3TOTO KOK3AMEHATEN,
coonsres x crenyiomeny. Komkapron AOAXCH Ob anacrauen, HO:
CIATOAND MATE, MNT PABNOMEPLYIO TOMMY nO Acei noma
sucta. Macca Kapıowa AOuKHa GbiTe OAMOPOAHOÏ H COCTONTE H3 OT.
CASINX DOJOKON Gea KOMKOR u KYCKOR MATEPIQJOB, BXOAMULIX D ero

54

cocras. HeoSxomumo, wro6y noBepxnocrs Kaprona Guiza razaKol, 6es
Gyrpoo u BMATHH, "TOOK MpH oGpaGorke KaGayka npeccoskoh u @pe-
SeponKOÏ KOXKAPTON He CHAHO YBEAKUNNAACH MO TAO, He pac:
CAAMBANCA m He Kpousuica. OH AOIMEH AerKO CKIUBATECR PESMMOBEIN
nan pactureabirsim Keen. Beutectsa, NPOKNMEAIOUUHE H TIPOmATRIBALO-
nue Kapron, Me AOMKHN BHCTYTATB Ha TO NOBepXHOcTH npm Teune
parype ao 45° C.

‘Apenecumit xaprou. Dror sanewtrens KOKH soaseres MPEACTADA:
exe ORHOTO a Bon oÖbuNx Kapronon. B OCHOBHOM OH coctomT
43 ApesecHo-nenmonosHoh wacch. [pesecksi Kapton npunennercn
rabbin 00pasox An BUKPOR CTENEK NPOUMEHOH OÛYEN.

On DEMYCKEeTCA B BHX ¿IHCTOD MPAMOYTOABMON POPNE pasamunex
pasmepos Tommie. HanGomutee MpnvenerHe n OÓYaMOM IPOH3BOL-
cree HMeeT Kapron Tomumnof OKO 2,5 MM. DOT SAMEHETEM KOR
AOXKEN Orb MAOTBAN, KOPOLIO IPOKACCHNLM, JAACTHNIIBIM, HE ROURKE,
AeTKO pacenambarsca, Kpomktreca m nowareca. Toa Basen BATH
OW He omen Ha6yxaTe m pesKo REHOPMAPODATRCA.

Tin yoemtvesun upowwocta U MOCKOCTH CTEICK, BBKPOCHHLIK U3
ApEDECHOFO Kaprona, CTELKH OKIKHBAIOT € OANOR CTOPOMA KAKHN
‘aWG0 TexcTAABHEIM MATEPHANON.

Bee nepemenenwse samenurem KOXH AOMKHA TO CBOMM PHSHKO
MexannveckHse CHOÂCTBAN YAOBATEOPATÉ MOPMAM, YCTAHOBACHKBH
CTANNAPTAMH Na 9TH NATHAN,

TKAHEBAS TPYNMA SAMENHTEJER KOKH

Tranenası rpynma samennrenen KoxN oOvenHReT arepa, NPA
MEHAEMHE MPENNYILECTBENKO MAR SAMHEL MATKHX KOKEBHHMX TO.
Bapop (sepxmue koxu). K roll rpyune oTHocaTes: a) Tan, nOBepX
HOCTB KOTOPHNX MOKPEITA MACCOR, MAMOCHMON JA. TIPERAMAA Hx cnohere
M BMeMHerO BMXA, MPHÓNIDIAIOMEX HX K ecrecrsemmol KOMe;
6) nponxranwe aan, T. €. Tank, MOADEPFIIYTLE cHeuambuOA mpo-
TK ‚na VENDEE HX CMANNBAEMOCTH H NPOMOKAeNOCTH, a TAKE
Asia PAAR HM CTONKOCTH M YREMINEHAA CONPOTHBAREMOCTH CTH
paso

Tloxpurrize raw. Tloxpsiruie TKaun npeacramastor CoGoñ oGump
ki accopraMenT waTepanon, COCTOSINMX Ha KaKOÏ-mGO TeKCTHM.
Holl Team W HAHECENNOTO Ha ee nosepxHocTe noxperria (rpysra). ¡Las
HX MSPOTOBACHHA UPAMEHMOTCH XAOIMATOÓY MAXI, ADAM M APY
rue TKAHH pasanınoh maommocra m npourocrs. B Kauecrne rpywra
TIPUMENSIOTCA MOKPLIOHBIE MACCH paSMOOGpaHOrO cocrana. Ocnommbre
TEMECTBA, BXOAMNNE D MX COCTAD, OMPEACAMIOT xapaktep m CDONCTIA
FOKpHITHi, a TaKKE HX Haananne: MACAANOE NOKPBITHE, HHTPOLENO-
10508, Kay¥YKOBOE, Kacenoe HT. A

B 06ysnon npoxseoactae nanbozsinee npumenenne mueer noKps
Tan Kalb, Hlocatitem wasnanne «Tpanexe»,

«Tpaaexc>. Santenntem Kom «I'parexc> npeacrananer COGOR xaon-
Naroßymancıyıo_ Trans, TOKPBITYIO Kayıyko-Romkuncro MACTHKOÏ co
cheuvaabHo OTAEAAHHIN or KOMy AHIOM. OR HATOTOBARETCA nyTe

HANHECCHMA Ha THAN AAUEEOrO CADA (NOXPETUA) NpHMepHo caeayıo-
utero cocrana (a %

cd rays «2 22
[Or Tr + es

cooper 6
Cepa 21 lle Seer 08
Ones iia O
PyOtepaxe : : 2 22:22 105
Creapmonia Kuno... ! ©! 12
Type re 04
Kana 1.222221 04

Hanecenne Maccst MPOMSBOXHTCA CHEAMAMHNE Maniusann — Ka-
saunpama. Tlocae waxecestia attuesoro CAOA HOCACAMÁ norpbinaeren
kaennonsim raminen. Jlazee TKaNb nocTynaer Ha mopehnufl Raakap,
THE any TRAN COOÓIMASTCA HEOOXOAHMB PHCYHOK, TlocTe Hero OH
Noxpuivaerea € suiueooH CTOPOME HMTPOAIKOM.

«Tpanexc» DmpaGarninaercn D PYZOMAX ¡IM OTREMBMEX AMCTAX,
maomaabro me wenee 70 KB. xeunwerpos. Okpaumsaeren «Ppanexo
» cambie pasuooGpasmbe sera, B SABMCAMOCTH OT TPeGOBaIMN NOTPe
Gureneil, Ipuuen OKpacKa MOET OBITS KaK OAMOUBETHOR, TAK m MHO-
rounernöit.

K rorosomy da6pukary neliernymunmum cTanmapramı mpenoas-
amioter cneayiouue TpeSosentin,

Tozuma «paxexca» nokia Guts ne menee 0,7 un. Tpeöyeren.
‘wTo6xi ¢ mueBON CTOPONB ON Ga POBMHM, HHCTM, Gea HAeTOB, NOATE-
KoB, okpacku 1 nonoc of nomLmbnof Mauss. Hapeska Aa aomna
Gur OTWeramboÍ m paduonepiofi no BCE NAOLLAAN ACTE Han Pyaona.
Tlpn maruGam warepnaaa mon Hapyy 1 serKoM HAHNE D MeCTe
HSCHÓA MCOÓXOANMO, ITOÓN AO He ¿IOMÁNOCE, A HANECEHHA Ha HETO
aunperypa He ocbinaaace.

To Kawectay roronsıfl aSpukar, D sapHcuMocTH OT MAMMA 8 nem
nopoKos, pasnenmerca Ha TpH copra: 1-5, 244 m 3.

Tlopoxasın marepnana cuntaiotca:

1. Mlepoxonatocın — Mente. beteryi
enon,

2. Cknaaun — We nomxalomnecn pacnpaBnenmo, CAHNUMECR no-
AOCKU Wa ame Marephana.

3. Orayumerocrs— orcranaume amueroro e708 mpm craGamun
«Tpaexca» now BRYTPb MOR yraom 90°.

4. Toaocw — nepastomepyssit TAME AMEBOFO exon.

5. Lapamm — mexaunseckne TON EMEA Ania.

6. Henpounocrs raxitué— oGpasonanne MATODOÍ OKpackH ¿mua np
ACTKOM Tpenun noayDaanoh TPHIIKO.

7. Orcraratme Kpacki — orRerenne KpackH OT monepxitoeTH mita
npu 10-kparkom nsruGe Marepmana non yraow 45°.

Ma HOBEPXMOCTA sinweBoro

TIponnrannsie Tam

TIponurammasen TkanAMK nasuımaoren aaxteHHTeAH Koi, HITOTO-
BACHEO Na TEKCTHNSHHX MATCPMANOB, MOABEPFAYTHX CTEUHATRON
NpORUTKE AAA COOÓMIEMKA HM TOBAPHUX CBOÑCT, MpHGAMAMAOUINX ux

56

no xauecray K narypamnoh xoxe. Baxneñumor npeacrannreanm
3TOR rpynns samentreneñ KOXH ABRIOTCA OOYBHAR KHP3A H TPAHHTOTD.

OGÿsnan xupsa. Obynnoii xups0i nasbieaetcs samenurezo 1o(pregoÑ
Kor, MPANENACMBIÄ B OCHOBHOM AIR BMXPOR roxeHMN apwelicKHX
canor. Oxa u3rOTOBMETCR M3 TPEX- HAM METHPEXCIOAHOR KAONNaTO-
Gymarkuol TKANO1 — KIIP3EL, MPONKTANNOR u NOKPEITOR OCOÓLNH COCTA
DAMA

B Kawecrse MATepHa105 ANR MPOIMITKH KUPSK CAYHNT CMECb, CO:
croumas ma cmreriuecKoro Kayuyxa, camn, pyÓGepaxca, Gemma,
cepst, OKHeH ua m yexopHTezelt nyarammaaılın. Tocae npomerkn
KHp34 NOKPEBACTCA CMECBIO, COCTORLIEN B OCHOBHOM HS KaseHHa, Ón-
TyMa, vases, YepHBIX KPACHTENEË M MewaTHpKOrO CIMAPTA,

Tiponsnonerao o6ynmofi Knpası NPOXOAHT D CACAYIOMIEN mopnake
1) nonroroëka MATEPMANOD, BXOAALLNK B NPONLTOUKYI cMecs (HaMeAB
sexe, npocennanne, passecka); 2) nparoronnenne nponHrosnoÍ cuech:
3) nponurka Tkaneh; 4) xpaueune Team; 5) Kamatapnpopanne u THE
meme; 6) nyasamisanma; 7) oropoe xpamenne; 8) manecenne Kascn
HOBOFO NNOKPLITAA; 9) copruposxa rOTOROË npoAykumi.

OGyenaz xupsa munycraerca » pyaonax anol 15—25 m 1 wupn
oft 84—87 cu. K 9TOMY marepnaay NpeAbAn.ImOTCA CACAYIOINNE Tpe-
Gosanmn: Knpaa ommna Öhrb pasmomepmoÑi no Tonne (ire MeHEE
1,6 us), xopomio # Pannomepno nOkpautene B JM HT KOPHUREBI
uver. Jluuesan ee cTopona ROJA GuTs THEMA HOA KOMY, € OTUCT-
MDOR HAKATKOÏ pHCYHKA, H He HMeTb NeponnocTei, HAMTOR HT. N.
Knpsa noma oÓanare onpenenemoñ npouHocTi, maciofi ycankoh 1
NeTHpaeMOCTHIO, BOSMOXHO Gombe BOSAYXO- H HAPONPOHHBEMOCT HI.
Ha10û nozonponnnaewocTeio,

Kupsa memres wa rpm copra: I-h, 2-8 u 3-%, oranvaiomuxes onu
OT apÿroro OcHIOBHOM KOMMYECTBOM HNEIOMUINCA AEQEKTOS,

Flo cooum *usiko-mexanuueckins coolicrsam 0GY Da KHPSA AOMKLIA
YAOBAeTHOpATS YCTAHOACHARIN TEXHHNNECKHM TPEÓOBARIAN.

Fpanuroas, IPaRNTOJCH wastisaeres \arepitact, usroTosmeHNEsi #3
aus, NponUTEHHO wacrukofi na wTpoKIETHaTKH, Hekcropuie vais
TPAMITO IN INPAGATHDMOTCA NAIOMENMeN MACTHKM He 1 NKCTOM PH,
4 8 cMecH © TOHKO HCTEPTEMI HOPOLIKEMH-HANONNNTENRNA (NEON,
IMTONOROM HT. M1). B 34BHCHMOCTH OT KAYECTBA MECTHKH U TKAHH Tpa-
BATON CODÓNIANOTCA NeOGKOAUMEIE YMPYTOCTb, CIOCOÓNOCTE K pasar
WERO DLICBIKAUMO, KnefKOCT, MBET H TOMAN!

B oGyexom mpoussoacrse TPAMITOAD npustenseres man MSTOTODAC-
HR MpenMymecrBeNNo MECTKHX HOCKOD Hi 2aZHHKOD.

TIpi norpyennn rpahnroan 8 cmeunaonsh pACTLOPATENS on pas
Margaeresi H ACAACTOR KACÍKHM, WTO AACT BOSMOMNOCTD HPHLADATL
eMy moGyio dopuy u neko CKAcHnaTh ero n neckomxo exoen, BCy-
LeHHW mocne PASMATICHHR TPAHRTOAB COXPARSET MIPHAAMIENIO emy
Dopuy, ACJACTOH MECTKMM M CTOÄKHN; MOITOMY MM € yenexoM 3aMe-
HAT. TozoUIBeHRy! KOMY, ante CAYKUBINYIO Raw MSTOTODACNA.
IKECTKNX HOCKOB H SAAHAKOB,

Tpanurosm nuinycxaeren m pyaonax pasmunoi mmpaus (oT 85 10
116 cu) u Tom (or 0,65 20 1,2 mm).

57

Tlocze npeórmama me Gonee 45 cexyun D pacrsoparene (cmech
Enmpra © 3TILIANETATOM) TPAMATOB momKeH PASMAPHATECA, CTaTb
aehkum u Aero cruGaTeca unuor. Bulctixauue TParroza cunraerca
TlomHBM mp cyuxe m Teuenme | “aca np Teumeparype 53° C mam
5 vesemne 40 munyr np remneparype 70°C. Ppamnroztb AOnMen OBITS
> AACTUUIMAM, MACTHKA He ROMANA OTCTABATB OT TKAME

He ¡onycKaerca ycanka (waMenesme aunelimux pasmepon) neraneñ,
BUIKPOCHHEIX HS FPANUTONR, NOCAE HOTPYKEHHR HX B PACTROPATE

METOABI HCNBITAHHS SAMEHHTENER KH

Onpexencuie Kayecra samemirene Komm PONSORIKTCH nyTeM
puemuero ocworpa m x2G0paropmax mensrramá, Brei ocMoTpoM
‘opravostentiveckit YCTAMADAMBALOT cooTseTcTae Katecraa MATepuaza
‘out TpeCosaxuait Texunueckux yenoBK cTanzapra. JlaGoparoptue
Ke HCHTANR OTPAHHUNDAIOTCH HUB ONPEXE-INNEM dusHKO-MexAHH-
“ecxnx cnoficrs savenuneneh KOKH, TAK KAK HOPMBL XHMHMECKOTO CO-
craBa Maa STHX warepnanoB Ke YCTAHOB.ACHBL.

Tip onpenesemm dusnko-wexaunveckix cnohere samemerean
KOMM MOADEPTAIOTCA HCTIENTAHMIO Ha: CONPOTABACHNE PASPABY, YALIMHE-
ne, MHOTOKpaTHBiA HSTHÓ, HCTHPAHHE, TREPIOCTS, MosHiocTs Aepika-
MAA MNBA, NPONNOCTE HEPXAHHA BMHTA H CONPOTHBMHH paccaaHBAKNO,
Kpome Toro, onpexeimot yaeabısıh Dec MaTepmaza, Tommy ero,
MAMOKBEMOCTE m TaÖyxanne.

Tlepeuncachnuie HonbITaHun He PACNPOCTPAHROTER UEAHKOM Ha BCE
nauı samenureneh komm. Ji Kamaoro ua MAX cragapraun m TeX
HHSECKUMN YCHOBHAMH YCTAHARAHBAIOTCH FPYTINBI HCTETANNÉ, KAKN.
AOMKEH GMT MOABEPFRYT TOT Han APYTOÏ Marepan.

TloxpoGubte OMHCAMHA HSHKO-NEXAHHMECKHX HCHLTAMMÉ SeMENHTE-
ref KOMM RAIOTCA B CTANAAPTAX H CTCINANBIEX PYKOBORCTRAX; MOSTO-
My M OrpaumunNeR sr YKADAMIEM na SHAMEHNE OTAE-TEIX MOKABATE-

AM KPATKUM H3OKEHHEM NPHALHIIOB, Ha KOTOPBIK STH HCNBITAHHA OCHO-
an. Tax Kak O HEKOTOPKIX HCMTAMHAX MBI KE FODOPIIN NH onpe-
AeRCKHH KAYeCTDA Komm (NaNPHMEP, ONpeReneKKE TOXINA, HAMOKAE-

MOCTH, CONPOTHEAEHR
paspuiey 1 7. IL), T0 K
HMM Boanpamtarsen He
Gynen, a KOCHEMCR mi
Tex HB MX, Koropiie
nerpeuaioren > BmepBute.

Hentramie na muo-
TOKPATHEIA H3ru6. Stuy
Hensiramuen onpene-
ISETCA, HACKOMBKO Rai
eit warepmam Momer
Pe. 17. lpuGop Topenca NPOTHDOCTOATE, Me pas-
Pyuanch, HorHGaro.
Ouesnäno, To Kauecrno Jasteimem Koi TEM BBIUIe, eM Gonburee
CAD H3THGOB OK BHLACPNT.
Mensitakue ma sworoxpatueai M3THÓ MPOMIBOLAT Ha creunansuesy
waunnax. Pesuky Nensrressasor ma npuGope Topenca (pic. 17), a nnacr-

58

KOky 1 Kaprous—#a chennambom annapate LIHHKTI (pxe. 18).
Koncrpyeumu 3THX Mau oGecnewmeaioT mocae saxpenacins B MX
‘oGpastion u mycka MmoroKparmoe HsTAOaIMe manepnana, Tlocae nexo-
TOporo Koxmuccraa H3rHGOB OOpasubı HaGIHAIOT paspywWarscn — na HX
MOBEPXHOCTH MOBAMOTE TPE H HAAPHBE,

Pure. 18. Annapar LHAK Pure, 19, Maunwa Tpaccean

Jin konrponn 32 COCTOMMHEM o6pastion Mamany vepes ompene
AeHHE TPOMEMYTKH BPEMÈME OCTAHABAMBART H OOpaaust MOABEPFAIT
OCMOTpY, OTÓMpan Te Ha MIX, KOTOPHIE Hava PASPYLLATECR, H OTME-
sam HCHO HarHGOB, KaKoe OHH BEIRePAAM AD MOABIEHU TpeuN.
Sto «nexo narnOoR MPNMMAeTCH AAR KAM/OTO OTREMNOTO OOpasita
8 KauecTBe MOKASATEIR ero CONDOTHBTHNR MHOTONPATILOMY HsrH6Y.

Henwrauxe na Herupanne. Coporisaexie HCTupanmo nmeer Govt
oe siasente Au aaNenreseh Koi, NPHMEUEMUX D KavecTBe e-
tanell unaa o6yBi. Oxepiinto, uro “em Goble STO conpoTuaneHHe,
Tem menbue OyAeT HCTHPATECA AETAI OÖYEN B npontecce HOCKH.

Weniirame ua merupalme mponsvonitren wa maumne Tpaccers
(pue. 19). Henerryemme o0pasım Marepuaza MOABeprarorca noaneii
TON BPAUIAIOMLETOCA AUCKA, HA KOTOPOM YKPenaeN KpyT, BEA HA
HS Kopynaosoh Gyxarm; Tpeine OÓpasLoB 0 MODEpxHOCT» nocaeRuel
MPHDOAHT K HOCTOAMNONY Hx merupammo. OGPASU nanemmnaioren A0
x Rocae HerHpauar; pasKocTs meca YkaSuBaeT Ha noTepto B Bece 06-
Pasuon. Onpeneann Mpenvaprresbno VAR Bec MaTepuana, noTepto
h nece Nepenoast a MOTEPIO D OÓNEME, H peayaabrar HCATANH DA
ar norepel oGzema (8 cu’), mprxonameñica na exummuy paóorel
(ua a.c/aac). Konnueerno paGorss, Sarpaumpaenoe pa MCHATANIN,
onpeeaserca creniamabivm pacueran,

Tax Kak B kauecrne NOXASATOJA HCTHPAHHA CAYAKAT NOTEPA OGDEN,
10 OWCDIANO, TO “EM OMA MeHble, TEN COMPOTMDAMCNOCTD HCTHPA
Hao Marepmana Cozsite, T. €. ¥em AGCOMOTRAR BAMUIHRA STOTO MORA:
SATCAR MCHSUJC, TOM Ka¥eCTBO MATCPHATE DEC.

59

Hensrranne ma reepgocts. Tlokanaten TRpAOCTH xapaKtepHsyer
(Conpornnnenne marepuaza cacarato u vaabananııo, COCTAB x yCnoann
IpOltaDOACTAA saMeuuTeneh KOMH N1OIBONIOT B INMPOKHX NPEAERAX pe-
ryamposars wx mepaocrs (xecTkocTs) u snactuuKocTs, Mogromy,

Pue. 20. Taepzowep LLiopa Pac. 21, Mpnóop Jones

8 SABHCIMOCTA OT Haananekum MaTepHActa, LI Hero YCTANOBNENE One
penenene Hopmel, Kapakrepnsyiouine 9TH ceoñicrea. Pasauvator 280
hina noxasaeneñ TBepnoctm: teepzocre no Illopy n TRepzocrs no
Ibxoney.

Tlepstifl nokasarens sHpaxaercs B YCIODMMX EAMMMNAX B npene-
sax 0—100. Onpeaesenue ero mponasozurca Ka Tuepaomepe Mlopa
(pc. 20) nyrem Breemamua crepxensxa mpuóopa » MaTepHaa. Tnep-
AocTe mp STOM ÓYMeT Tew bile, 1eW ome KOMMECTRO CH,
otmedertinx CTpeaKOR Ha uika.te npuóopa. :

Onpenenenne Tnepoctn no Money mponanoanrea wa mpHGope
Aonca (pue. 21) brabambanmen B MaTephan MeTananieckoro ua
inka, Toepxocrs pit STOM HCILTAMHE YeuIOBKO XAPAKTEPHIYETEA Tay-
GmnoR BRABAHBAHHA, asipaxemuoll n mnimmerpax. Yen Gone a6co
MOTA PCAMWNNA MOKASATCAA TBCPAOCTA, TOM Melle TREPROCTS Ma-
repnara.

Taasa V
TEKCTHJIBHBIE MATEPHAJIBI

B o6ysuom MPORSBOACTBE nplmenserca xosoJmno Gonbioe won
NeCTBO PASAMUNBIX TeXCTHLAHEX MATEPHAOS.

To nastauenmo wx MoxHO PasÓnTO na Tp rpynnu

1. Trann nan Bepxa o6yax.

2. Tranu aan npunnaa

3. Flonnaanouuse reat.

Tam MarOTORAMOTCA HA MPAXU,T.C. HNTCÍ, noayıenmix M3 TeK-
THABIBIX BOAORON (XAOMIKA, Abia, WepeTH MT, 1) MYTeM HX CRpyw
VAR B Mpouecce RPAREAR.

Tloayseniie Tkaueñ 13 MIPAKN 8 OCHOBHOM CBOMITCA K BIAHMHOMY
mepensereniio neyx rpynn Hurell, HAYLIHX Bom (ocHoRa) H nonepex
Tran (YTOR).

Xapakrep Toro nepennerenun MOXET GT CaMBM paMOOGPASNEN,
O 3ABACHMOCTH OT TPEGOBAMAA, IPEABABARCME K TKAHH.

Traun, Henomssyembie aan TOWMBKH OÓYBM, D GoneumacTse Hp
Gariwaiotes TpeMs BHaaxu nepei.ierennf: FPOAEHANIEDUN, CAPHEDM
(kunepnsin) mam carmmonsım (araacran).

TIpn rpomenannesoM nepenaerenan HHTH OcHOBBI H yTKa nonepe-
SONO mepenieraworea wepes OXUY MMT APyr € Apyrom (pue. 22)

Pue. 22. Cporenansense
nepenaerenne =

Trans, nonyuenge atin nepennerenen
m TH , obaanamt Conso npoy-
NocTHO n OrtocIremono. MAR. DaCTANANOCTIO. MOUTON
Koro ray. Tako ocios
apaKenoe, um Kunepkoe, nepeuzereine o6paayerca
, nyrem nepe-
KPBITHA OAHOM, ADYX AA Tpex Hirreñ OcHOBE (Pre. 23). id ü

st

Orananreasnol ocodemtocrsto TKaHel capesoro nepenaerenust
Ananercn HAAMUNE AHATONAASHK NOAOCOK pasaHyHOR LUMPHUM, D 9A-
BHCHMOCTH OT “HCAA MepenneTaWUUXcR HATE! VTKA m OCHOPB.

Tipu 31om pucyniok Tkann, NoayNeHHOfl CAPACBEIM TepenaeTeHeM,
© ma H mamar Meoannakon. JÍmuenoR CTOpOHOR cunraeren Ta, Ha
KOTOPOR AHAPONAMSMEIE MONOCKH HAYT ciiena nanpano,

Traun capxemoro nepensere-
ns. Oonee SHACTHMI, eM TKAUK
rponenanessre.

Carunosoe, Ha artactioe, ne-
penaerenne xapaxrepuayerca nepe-
Kphirsen Hire Nepes ersipe 8 Ts
Ty0, piven 9TH Nepekpuiran yaa-
deu ogHo or apyroro (pue. 24).
B peayaprare nonyuaerca Ha an
+ 24. Carnnonoe mepenzerenne uEBOÄ cropome Tran npeoÓnana-

ue nnreh yrka (CaTHH) um OCHOB
(arnac). Tram storo nepennerenun OTMAAIMTER TIAAKOCTBIO 1 OM
OR SIACTHUHOCTEO MPA OTHOCHTEMHO MEHBUNEÄ. IPOVHOCTH.

1p

TKAH AAA BEPXA OBYBA

Tran, npnnennemsie um nepxa oÛyen, AOMKHE oßzanaTı Son
oA nponnocrsio Ha Paapkin M HCTHpallHe, NO BOSMOXHOCTH panko
MepHOH TATYUeCTBIO NO YTKY H OCHOBE, AABATb HESHANHTE.IEHYIO YCAAKY
np Hocke 06YBH, WTOOBi He Hapymiaamct pasepx noce REA.

B to me bpema TpeÓyerca, wroßs STH TKAHH Nenn KpacKBHh
Heu BHR, NPONHVIO OXPACKy, He CONPAAI nopoKoa (Rebekron),
Gramm BOSAYXOMPOMMNACHE H MESHANUTEIBMO pasMoKaan. JKeaTeNHo,
NTOGkL OHM AETKO WHCTILMCO 11 Ne SATPADMAIICE BO DpES HOCKH OOYN.

Drum tpedonaneam m HaHGo.tbiel crerienm OTBEUAIOT TKAHM TPO-
Aexansesoro nepenserenus, BCICACTBHE Hero MONTH BCE TKAHM, IPAME=
nReMbe AA Bepxa OÖYDH, HITOTOBAMIOTCR STHM CNOCOÉON.

Handonee pacnpocrpanentinie m3 unx: mamaTka Tamenan Gamma
vas, O6mergennan Gammawnan ram, ramo Oaumaunan BOO, poroHta
pent.

TKAHH ANA MPHKAANA

Tkomm nas npukaana B OGYEHOM NPOHMONCTRE npuMenmoren Ha
TIPOMEXYTONHEIE eTAM; B OCHOBHOM OHH MPOKAANBIBAITCK MEMAY
MepxOM m NOAKNAAKOR.

Ann npukaana, a SanchMoctu or naanauemin nerarel, xapakrepa
H PaGoTes & OÓYBH, HCHOMSYIOTCA pasMuNBIe BAAK TRaneh,

B ocnonox aaa 9TOÑ LEA IIPUMERAIOT: ayk cyposbil, Oysaseıo,
Kopa m Óaab cypoayio.

MOAKAAROHBIE TKAHH
Toaknazownnm nasuinajpren TKama, npnmenduse ana BBKpon
neraneñ nonxzann oöynn. B Kauectne TOAKAAOWIBX HeTOMayIOTCR

cause pasuooGpasmble Tkaww. OcHonbie TpeGonadiia K HH — npou-
‘OCT, MAOTNOCTL M XOPOLES CONPOTHBICNHE HCTHPANMO pH AOCTA=

62

1OWNOR 9nacrnunocru # MsrKocTH. Kpome Toro, om Aomkmı 067a=
aT TATYWECTBIO, NPUOAWKAIOUIEH MX K TAPYUECTA Komm

Mame ncero Ha NOAKAAAKY NPHMENMOTER: TUK-JACTAK, rpHicGon,
JBHANOS MOAOTHO, AYK H MORCKHN.

METOAbI ONPEAENENHA KAUECTBA TKAHER

Onpexenenue Kavectsa TKanell RPOMIBOMHTCA nyTeM HApyMHOTO
ocuorpa u aaoparopmx wemTanuit

Hapyxutiw OCMOTPOM YCTAMaBAUBACTCA coornerernne TKaneA Tpe-
GOBANMAM CTAMRAPTOD M OGpasuai NO BHEMINEMY BMXY H HaMMIMO
nopoxon (xepexros).

ODMAKOMIMA KPATKO C MaNÓONEE acto DETPEIATOMGIMNCA nopo-
Kawi Twaneh

Pure, 25. Banana Pc. 26. Heaocexa

Bona (pxc. 25). Stor nopox noayuaerca 5 pesyabrare oGpusz
OAMOR WAH HeCKOABKHX INTER OCHONIA, BCHACTINE wero NapymlaeTeR
wopmasmioe nepenserenne mureñ B Tian. Hanpuwep, yromman MATS
3 MecTe OÓpbIBA HlepeKpeiBaeT He OMMY OCHOBHYIO HUTS, à Abe HA
HECKOMKO.

Henocexa (pic. 26) — nonepeunan nozoca na TkaKK € Gone pen-
Kum pacttonoxenie D Heil mare.

SaGomut — nomepewnan noz1OCa € Gone naoTHuM pacnoaoenmnen
JTOWEIX muref, eM Ha OCTAMMOR TRAME.

Moxuacruna (puc. 27) — napyuienne HopMamsoro nepennerenns
vurel a Tann, MM KOTOPOM MITA YTKA Ha MKOTOPOM HpOrEXeNR
He mepenserawtes ¢ HHTKAMN OCHORH.

Yrownwe neran 4 CKPYTHNDI — KUTKH YTKa HMEIOT HEOOABLUINE CKPY+
ME NIETEABKIN, BHCTYMAIONE Ha MOBEPXIOCTA TKanın.

Caer (pig. 28) — Gone neram 13 Hesarkammx you HATE
mm “pyGuU, oGpasyeMue sTHMH META, PACNOIOKEHHHE HONEDEK
Tam,

Penow — paspexentan TKaNb, B KOTOpoh weno Hureñ Ha onpe-
Aeneon paccrommm NEHME YCTAMODACIMOTO CTAMAAPrOm.

PyGusi — GYTOPKY, PÉCLONOKENMNE nOMEPeK TKaHM, a MHOTAA
nayume no Beef ee umpune.

63

PasHMA. yTOK — HepastomepHocTs TKARK acnexCToHe pw
Pasawansix 110 Tommie unTeh TK.

Hepommuñ Gok —sepenosanine mono © Gone rycrol m Gonee
DeAKOR nnoriocréto pacnorokenna muref yrka.

Sacewwa 5 xpauenoh Tar — moxocia € Gonce cuermoli oKpacko?.
Tloamouxa — werte naTHa PaaaHumıx OTTeIKOR.
Pasac orrenk M MONEPCYNAR MOAOCATOCTB — peayabrar NAOXOÏ
oxpackit.

B sapucumocta OT Haman m Komuectaa STUX MOpokon onpenc
MCTCA COPTHOCTb TKAHH H OICIDIBASTOA ee KaveCTRO nO HOPMATIDAM,
peayeworpenmbint CTAURAPTAMA ste TRA.

Pue, 27. Moxnaernsa

Ja oxomnaremroR omenkH kauecrsa TKaHel m Ohpenenennn co-
OTOETCTOMA ux TPEÓODAMIAN CTANAAPTOD MPONIDOMTCA na6opaTopREe
Hembra.

Tlonpo6woe onncanue MeTOOB 1aG0paTOpHMX HCIITAMAÑ BHXOZT
3a PEREA KKECH, MOSTOMY SAECD MEL OTPAHMAIMCA ¿UNID WOK
HEN OcHOBHEX MOnOAeHIH, Ha KOTODHX OcHONaH MPOCTEME H3 MAX.

‘Onpereaenwe umpuus rkann. lan onpenenenns Imp: OGpasen
HMEPRETCR © TOMHOCTEIO no 0,1 CM B Tpex Mecrax: B cepeanne H Ha
Konuax OGpasua, npunepno na 10 cm OT «pas.

Önpenenenne' seca kann. JULIA onpertenenan ngca npensapytemto
Hawepennsit To AHH H MINPHIE OOpAselL B3BeuIMBACTCA € TOSHOCTEIO
20 0,1 r. Pesyabrat BSLCUIMBANIA BupaxaercH D BECE ORHOTO KBAL-
PaTHOrO MeTpa TKann.

Onpeneneune uncaa mureñ, Yırcao HHTeñ, npHxonmMAxe na onpe-
1eneImIyio NiOULAAL Trann, xapaxtepnayer ee naoTHOCTS. Onpenenenne
‘nena Mure NPOMSROANTCH nyTeM MOCUETA KOJMMECTDA HX MO OC
Hobe u YTKy B CIlellHambHO MOAFOTOBACHHOM AA STOR HH OOpaatt.

Onpenenenue wpenoeru (npowocru) TkanK. Onpeaenenne KPNOCTH
Tran MPONSBONAT Ha Crenmammex paspsinmerx mamunax. Tam stro
SCPyT MONIOCKI TKANH OMPeAEAEHHOR JU M LIMPHHM H PASPHEAIOT
AIX ha 9THX Mawnnax. B KaYecTB€ noKasarcaa NPOYHOCTH ÓCPETCA NOKA=
Saue MATPYSKM, NP KOTOPOÑ oßpaseu pasopnazcn.

Taana VI

BCNOMOFATENMBHBIE MATEPHAJEL
H OYPHHTYPA

K Benoworatemusim Nareptanam oGysoro mpousnoacrsa - OO

caren MatepllanLl, cayranile AJA ckpenseHix orgembinx Merazeh

Mexty CoGoÑ (WiTkH, Aparaa, TBOBAH, TeKC, UIMAABKH, KAEMI Bl

Inecrna), oOpaaonanıa nponexsyrounbix neraae (ny, Gepecra HT. 0),

‘OKpaCKH A OTACAKE OGYoH (BOCK, BAP, KDACKH, annperypu MT. 2).
‘Osttaxomnncst € OCHOBHMH Ha RX.

HHTKH

Ha Bcnoworaresunsix MATEPANOD, npuMensensix NP nowHoKe
OÓYDM, HTA SAMUMAIOT ueurpaïbuoe MeCTO. Qué CHYXAT AIR CU
Ha OTACABELX Aeraneh saroTODKH, AMM MPKPEILIEHR KpaeR aaro-
TOBKU K CTeIbKe, DPAUMBXM PaNTOB, NPHKPEDHEME NOXOUB

ara
Tlostomy 5 sanennoern OT Haaauennn OH BHpAGATHPAOTER B

OBONBMO GOzIbIIOM accopramenre.

Arm HOMMBKH SATOTOBOK B OCMOBIOM MPuMEMAIOTCA XAOIVATOGy=
MANO HUTKH, MPexCTABAMOLIUE COGOÍ CHPYMHHVIO #3 OTRCMDMEX
HRTOÍ XNOMATOGYMAKNVIO MPARY.

Mieñnme nurku ustotos.imtores OÓMVIO H3 HECKOKHX cKpy¥eH-
ox aanmo red. On BRIpaaTHBAIOTCA | TPH, NeTupe, MNECTE H
xeDaTo caomemuh (uref).

B 06yonou npotsvoncrse IPUNCISIOTCA IIPEHMYILECTECHHO. KUTKH
8 mects m ACOSO cx1orKenni.

Kpoue ca caoxennl, HATKH PassIIVAIOTCA NO Xapaktepy OTREaKN
(waTooue u ranmesue), uery # rome. .

Tomuuia MATOK OMPERCANETCA HX HOMEPOM — vem HOMCP MEME,

Tem HATKH Tonute.
Tipu cumoaimy KOMambX neraneh OGYDH npuMenmores HNTKA pas-

MUBRX HONEPOD, MpHNeM aA Gone MaTKHX H OACTAMIENX. MaTepHa-
Hoo HCNIOSYIOTER MITO! GOES BEICOKHX HOMEPOB.

Tak manpixep, npn cumbre xeraxel 13 xpomosoro orolika pue
umorez muta Hoxepos 30—50, a npH crpotke toprensix xeradeñ —
rn momepon 00, 0, 1, 4 HT. n.

65

Lo 5 Tom

suponer canoe

Ocuommbe Tpebonanns, npeRDABAREMIE K IHTKAM, CDORATCA K CHE
AVION: HATKH AOMKHA OSITO NPOXHMMN Ha PASPRB, PABHONepIHENM
no Tome, HMET TALAKYIO, He TOXMaTAMLYWCA NOBEPKHOCTS OU
AONKHEL ÓNTD WEMECTKMMN, SACTHMHEIM, PABHOMEpHO HAMOTAN ma
karyuıu u we mmers yarop M metes. OKpacka MITOK 1OMKEA ObTb
mpoukoë 1 pasnoxepnoß, Ges IATMMCTOCTA m menpoxpaca.

Ins pm” moXoinn, PARTOB, Kpaen SArOTOBKK K CTEMKE
MT, N. MPHMERSIOTCA TAK HASLIBAENBIE APATBEHNSIE METER.

Aparsenmwe MNTKM HSTOTOBAMOTCR M3 ALIANOË PRA BRICOKOTO
xavecrsa. Howepa aparsenuux untor OÓOIMAATOTCA APOGEO, B KOTO-
poll amamenaremb nokaampaer wie MHTeR np#XH, Ma KOTOPOR
CXPy:eMa RAHMAR aurke, à aucaurem — HOMEP npæxu. Tax HampAmeD,
momep 9,5/6 oGosmawer, 4TO aparbentian niTka cxpyyena HS mecra

npaaxn No 9,5.

Jiparsemere mure (weave npaxa Mexxell) nonpaszenmoren no
nery Ha cypobie (cepuie), Geneube 4 ABETHME, OKPALICHMNE B pase
pera.

OTH, mara meno POS m EMXEPAMBMOT narpyaxy Zo 20 xr
m Coste.

Ocmomutie TpeGonauis, MPETBADANEMEE K APATDCIMBM NTKAM,
CBOMMTCA K CACAYIOIMENY: HRTKH OmKH OTS PABRONEPHANME TO
TAKE, He HME y370B, 0GpHBOB, yrommeMul HT. n.

Tipowiocrb HTOK MOAAHA COOTBCTCTBOBATE NO-
KASATOIAM, YCTANOBIICNUNM CTARAADTOM.

APEBECHHE MATEPHAJNBL

Aepeuauume wnwasxe, Tepesniiwe minis

Pre. 29, Jepensn- — MPHMENAOTCA B OOyDHOM MPONSDOACTEE AIX NPH-

(© NASEN KPENTHET OTAeNBHBIX Merameä musa OGyBH (10
AOWIBS, TORMETKH HT. n.) (pre. 29).

STH num HSrOTOBAMIOTCA us A0ßpoxavecraeinoh Gepesosoñ
Apeseciisi m bumyckarorca MATH HoMepos—or 12 no 20 (nyne-
PYIOTCA TOMO yernsinm HOMEPAME).

Howepa num oGosmauaior ux Ay B MHATHMETpax. Tax ma:
mpumep, tuno Ne 16 uxeior my 16 aot. Minus sexpaGarsi-
BAIOTCA Tommmnoh 2,1 wat, On KOREN um AOmken Oro Sa

HM Wa PACCTOAHAN 2—3 uM.

AEPEBAHNBIM KITHTEKAM MPERBADAMOTCR CACAYIOME TPe6o:
mua: ORM Roms Game cyxumm (araanocra ue Gonce 12%); hoepx-
MOCTb HX nocna GLITS POBHOM H TAAAKON, Gea OTKOAOR H aaycenmin
ce LUNNABKA XOTKHH MNT IDH OANOM H TOM Xe HoMepe OAWHAKO:
eyo ammuy, LPANY m Tommy.

siy6. Jy6 ncnomayerca npu nombre o6ysH B ocHonKoM ana
Maroronaennn Ferenox. On mpencrananer COGOÁ MMHOBONOKHUCTYIO
TKatıb, MAXONALVIOCA Ma BHYTpeHHell NOBEPXHOCTH KOPA MALA,

JIyÓ sarorapambactea B anne nracrn AMOR 2,5—3 M, umpnoi
1—1,5 u m rommtnoR 7—10 mx. Dm nnacruma peapesaioten Ma no
NOCH, PEIPADMUBAIOTCA 11O BAOMAXH $ LMATTYIOTER Mo TpeGyemoÑ
TOJIANES, à SaTeM HB KUX DEPYÓSIOTCA HAM BEIKPAMBAIOTOA TEAEHKN.

66

K ay6y npensasaniores czexyioue TpeGopauua: on nommen
Gun pos, HeMOKopOGeRANM, Ne HMeTS AMP, GONMMAX Tpeinem,
cymob, nece Cn conepuienun ouuueu OT Kopı. Bnaacnoers
ay6a me nomena npesermaro 18%.

Bepecr: Warèpan B OGYsHOM MIPOMSBOXCTRS HCNOMSYETCA..
B OcHOBHOM ANA NPOCTHIKH, a HHOTAA XI TeneHOK m BUVTPEHMUX,
MaacToD sannuxon (sukaaor) D rpyGoh ewesoh o6you.

Bepecta anınerca apyxkirnn caoeM GepesosoR Kopst 1 cocronr
Ha HECKOMKNK TOHKX, TMIOTHO COCAMMCHNEX MEXAY COGOË caoen,
Oua crofixa K Sarıhsanmo u HAOKO MponycKaer Bilary, NOSTONY CAY":
KIT Kar Gui HooApyIOMINM MaTepHacTOM.,

Bepecta 3arotomnaerca B. Bue nonoc AAAHOH mpmuepmo 50 cM B
umpmwoh oK020 20 em.

‘Xopouas Gepecra AOMKHA uMers © HAPYKHOÏ CTOPOHEL raARKyIo-
Genyio MODEPKHOCTB © HeawaunTemabiME yrayOneimaMa (neenmmanın)
E NE MXETD HapocTos, CYAKOB, TREHK H AMP.

TBO3AH METANAHECKHE u

Thosan 8 nponssoxerse oGyeH HMEIOT ONeHS UIMPOROE MpHMeHeNHe:
OMA HCNIOBSYIOTCA_XAR CKPENNENNN OTACIDUEX Aerameli u 5 Kauecrne
PEMEHHEIK MONCOÓREX Kpenkrenehi MPH BBO:

mera OTAEMHMX onepaunii. OCTANOBHNCR Ha
OTACADHEX BANAX, HPAMCHAEMUX MPH PYAHOM :
MeTone noumaxn oßyan.

Texc. TexcoM Wahibaloren MeaKme TBO3-

AKI, MPHMEHREMBIE B OCHOBHOM pn 3aTAKKE

OOyBH, MPHÖHBKE reneHoK, TPOCTHIKE m Apyrux

paGorax. Stu reosauxu (pic. 30) cocronr na Pue. 30, Texe
UMAANAPRSECKOO HE HETEIPXTPAMMOTO CTEPAHA

€ KpyraoA mamnxol, 3AKANNUBANOMETOCA GeTpeM. Texc nemuTea na
Asa uaa — meu a pyavoñ. Maure mpunehnercn mpi
paGore na cneumannux O6yBHLIX Mamanax. Pyunoh cnomsyeTes
ARA pysioro MOFOTORMEMNA 1 peNOuTA OGysH, a TAKE Np BETO
MeRHR HEKOTOPBIX PYUHBIX OMOPaLNÄ B mexamuecKoM O6ysHOM MPo~

Be.

‘oft rec naroronnneren pasmepom (AHO!) or 6 20 19 ww,
coorserersenno sTuM pasMepax Onpenenserca HoMep rekca. Tak fds
npuvep, texc Ne 8 mucer amy 8 Mu, N 9—9 vu nT. x

K Pyunomy Texcy MPEABADAMOTCK crenyiomne -TpeSonamis: erep-
mens JOKER ÓSITE POBMBIM, THATKHN, Ce3 pXaBuHM m aayce-
HIM, OM pacnonaraerea MPICHAUKYAAPKO Wake M npoxoauT Yepes
ee uenrp.

Ocrpme crepxiin AOMWANO GbiTb TOHKIM H xopomo JaocTpenmn,
OB pn HaxkHMe MAABUAMH OHO TAYÓOKO BOHBAMOCh B MaTepHAR,
A CTEPKCHD PH TON COXPANAA Ost Beprmxanbroe nonomeme.

B rexce me Aonyckaeren Hanmune reoazef CO CAO Henao
eHHBIN CTEPAKAUM, € COPHYTHNE, PASDCTANHEMME, OÉNOMARIEMN
H TYTN OCTPUAMI, € HENPÉBEAAMNE mo POPME M PACHONOKEMEE
B OTNOINENMM CTRPXUR MAA.

se or

Kpowe Toro, He nonyekaerca saeopemmocrs Texca reosqaui Gea
KIMAOK, OÓJOMKAMN Menesa, A TAKME CMELNEHNE TeKca PASAMIMBOX

ons meranammecune (pic. 31). Meranmiecane canon
INmABRIS IPeACTABAMIOT COGON FBOSAN Ges LANANOK € KAMMOOGPASIM
cérmeu, IRAN» OCIOBMON Ann. pyororo PAPER
waGoex. -
‘STH uiMHABKH usroronanoren miecra pasmepos — Ne 12, 13, 15,
16, 18 m 21. [ama umunex » wmamwetpax COOTBETCTBYET Hx
womepy, 7. e. aimara: No 12 mwesor amimy 12 usa 7. a. Tonunna
mues xoreöneren B mpenenax 1,6—2,6 Mx. Tips srom “em nouep
aa BBE, TEM ToaMUHA ee Coxsile,

K umiaexak MPEXBAPAMOTCR CACAYIONVIE TPeGonanna: BEPXHAR
ACTS LOMANSKH AOMKHA EMETD WNAMEAPMTECKYIO Gopuy, a sepxuul
copes ce pactoaomen repnenannyaspHo K crepxmo roozaR. Octpre
EMEA OMEN GWTb KAHOOGPAMMN € OCTPLIM AKAMOM; NOREpR-
HOCTb — ranKoll, POBHON, ornomHpoRaHHOH, Ges PIKABYKHEL H 3AYCEHAN.

Pure, 31. Uinnasen Pure. 82. Caosan
eraamnnecnne, ETS

KaGayunbe rnosın. Ja npuxpenzenna xa6aykon mpunensetca
necxomxo Bios reoaneh. Hekoropsie HS Hux mpexramamem man
NPHÖHDKH KaÓJyKa TORbxO Ha Maux (rsosau Jlafraunr), a apyrue
MOryT HIPHMENATECA KAK D MOIIHNNOM, Tax HB PYSHOM NPORSBOACTBE.
K uueay nocaenaix OTHOCATER raosta <AKM3>,

Troan «Arme» (pic. 32) HaTOTOBAROTCA $3 NPOBOAOKH, HMCIOT
uuzumapaseckul crepxeits, KOKÿCOOGpasHyIO TOOBKy # PESKO SAOCT-
peut xonen. Aa roosxeñ komeöneren n npexemax 20—40 mu.
Hywmepauun ux oGosHauaercr COOTBETCTBERBO ZUNG 5 MHATMETPAX,
1. e. roosa Ne 20 uweior muy 20 M HT. 2.

Taoaan «ÁKM3> MpHMenisiores B OCHOPHOM aa NpHOHBKK Ka6zxy-
‘kop usHyTpH OGyBH (CO cropomi crembKx). Hapany c ammm OHM npune-
UmoTen sm cxpenuienun QIKOD mp CGopKe Kabınyka.

Kpoxe raoanei «Akm3», a pywtow nponsnonerse oßyan mpnónsra
KAÓNYKOB MPORSBOAHTCR OÖBUHBINH TIPOBOONMENH FROH CO
Iunankama. B 9rox cayase Mpuxpemienne KaG1yKa UPON3BOAHTeR cHa-
PYKH, mpien reoaaH MOXOMpatorea Takof ALIM, “TOÓN OCTpHE HX
NPOXOMNIO cKBOsb CTOABKY m Mor sarmóaTeca Ha nei. Toman
Fhoanelt noma Out 5 npexeaax 1,8-2,2 Mu.

K KAÓAYIANM TBOSREM MPeABARIMOTCH CACAIOMNO Tpeßonanns:
TBOSAM ROTA HMETS NpADHTUYIO DOPMY, POMODKA (ui) TBOSAA
AOMIKMA ÓRTD NepnenAUKyaapHol K OCH CTEPAIA, à LENTD ce commas

68

mars € MOCACANEÍ; weoSxonuno, ITOÓN TBOSAN- ÓNAM Tanne, POR
muna, Ges 2aÿCeHH, PMKADWAHLI, © XOPOLIO saccTpeMMMH «ONZA:
Tipa SaÓnoxe © KOKÿ Man Mepeno FROSAN He RAKE FHYTACA m TE
pate cnom dopuy.

Taoaan <Jlys-Helizep> (pue. 33). StH raoaan nepronanansıo mp
Meunanco ANA MpHONDKH MATowoh SACTH NORM Ha -CHELMANHOR
Mamie Toro me namenonannn. B nactomuee

2ke BpeMA, KPOME TOTO, HX HCTIOALAYIOT AAA mpu- T $
KPILIEHAA NOAOWB Kak NPA MEXANNUECKOM, TaK |

BI pyttow mponsnoneree Oban, il
TBOSAM MpAMeHMOTCR TAKE NH MPH-

KpenAGHAH HUSKHX Kabaykon HB APYPAX pa-

Gorax.

Toosan «Jlya-Heñaep» rarymre nam xexes- Pe, 33, Troane
we owennentme, mmol or 9 20 22 ux # »ljaHeñacp*
mene, OcoGenwocTs0 sTHX rsosmell ABMETCA
CMCIMAIMOS saocrpeime ux KOHLA, OecneunDanoınee pacxnenipanne
ero Ha creaske, TO COCOÓCTAYET ‘YRenHieHiO IPOTHOCTA Aepmanın
Tnosast.

Xopoume reosan <JIys-Helitep» nsrorosamorca ua Kpyraoh, Taep-
Roi MponoxoKH, AOJOKMA ÓBITE He XPYRKHMM, MO CAMMIKOM MARK,
ke EMeTE 3aycehilt H PIKABUHHB; Ocb CTepAHS TOGs ÓBIA nepnen”
ANKYARPHA LIAAMKE H NPOXOAHTA wepes ee LEP.

‘OSA Moe MPOXOMMTE cuoGonmo Ges warHGa sepes caoï

* KOH HAN Tepena He MeNbuieÑ TOM, UEM Anna FROM.

Huxku Koneu raoaaa AOMKEH GTS 240CTPEHHBM H XOPOMO 38-

riGarben (packaeNNDETLCE) Ha HOBEPHOCTH cTeAbKH,

OYPHHTYPA

K dyprorrype OTHOCHTEA cnennamsime nprienocobaenis, npennas
Maveunbie AIR OGzerveHNA SAKPETIEMER HeKOTODEX BROS O6yBH (Go
Tuwox, noayGotuHoK, Tybxeñ) ma crone. Coma oTHocaTcR Gnoïxu,

KDIONKH Ht pasarse NAT
Baouxa (micros) caykar
o e o aa 0Gaeruenua LIHyPOBKR 00y-
Du m mpexoxpasenust orsepeTuil,
3 KOTOpH MPOJBAIOTCA mMyp-
x, or paspuina (puc. 34). B sa-
BHCHMOCTH OT BA OByBH, mpi
Menmoren ana pasepa Ónomex—
xpynntie (Ne 12) ¢ bRyTpennum auaneTpoM orseperus 5 MM u Men

xue (Ne 3—4) e Diyrpesmm xnawetpom 4 un.

Baoukn MSroTOBAMOTCA 13 uepuoh nomposanroñ XecrH man es
acsuoñ «CTH XOMOAMOFO npokara TOMO oxoxo 0,24 wa. Tero
Gaowek xatyupyeres, a aatem wx menu (WIASMKH) moxpuinaoren
MPOUHEIM ‚TAKOM NepHOTO, KOPHUHEBOTO, ceporo ¡umm Genoro BETA.

K Gnowxam upexuadamoten CACAYIOUUNE TPCÓOBAMAA: OH AO
CooTBeTeTBOBATb CTAHAAPTHEIM pasMepan; ULIAMKH ux AOXKHH OST
Upapaabyo sarkytet H MOKPBITBE POSI, CTOMKHM K HCTHPAHIO ¿1AKOM.

69

Pue. 31. Bao

Ha xpanx nenunka He RONG Ours BMATHH, poannn u sayceman. Ha
«pax ninKWero OTRepCTHR GzOUK AONYCKAIOTCA HEÓO-ISUIHE SaYCEHH,
He OTPA/RAIOMUIECA Ha HX KAUECTDE B LIEAOM. ~

Kpiouxa (puc. 35) Ipuuenstorca Deco Gnouex B Tex caywaax,
Xoraa xorar oGecnemnmo Goes GricTpoe sauıkyponsinanne 06YB.

KprowKH HITOTOBAAIOTCA H3 MATKOTO XeA63, nocae vero AX JATY-
HUPYIOT, à LINK NOKPHBAIOT MPONHMM AAKOM YepHOTO. WAH KOPHYS
Megoro usera.

Kpioska AOMAUB OTBEUATO exenyrouua TpeGosarnaM: ronoBKa
xpoñka AOMKNA OBITS MPaUMABMO SAPHÿTA MAPaZLIeIDHO OCHODANHIO
TEPMHR; Crepent 1 nepxite acra AO:DKEN METS PoDno sarnyTUh
Gopr; numneli vactH crepxHs MPHXAHA Kokmneckan PopMa m postie
par.

sc m

7 Pue, 35. Kpmun Pure. 36. pais

He aonyckatores EMATHHM, saycenmun u MANTAS ADI.

Oxpacka Kplosxon omna 68iTs npounoi, posnoï, Ges HaNAMBOB
x aponyeKos.

pamkH. TIpaxkn npumensiorer npeunyuecreenno 8 KENCKON
oGyuu m cayKaT He TOMKO Man saKpenAedUs nocieamel Ha Hore, KO
vB kaueeree yxpamenis. Juin mix neneit nenomsywrea npmKKH
cameix pasiooÓpasmx BHAoB m dacoHoB, Ockonnbie TpeGoBanHa
K mua: xopouÍ BHEWHHA BA, AerKOCTb, MPOLHOCTD, CTONKOCTL
x okwenenino (pxaBuitia), cooTpeTCTSHe pasMtepaM CTATHBGIOULEK
APAKKH pexeuron m npouroe “xepaxame nocnenunx (pue. 36).

KEANE BEWECTBA

B cóyanom nPOHSBOACTBE passe Kaeatne semecrea npANe-
HMOTCA Kak AU BpEMEMMOrO, Tak HAL HOCTOAMNOTO CXPEILIENIN
oTrenbmsx neranei. AccOpriMeuT KACED, HCTO.IBIYCMEX IA ITOB nen,
CPaBHHTeAbHO BeTHK, MOSTOMY OCTANOBHNCR MMMKe TOMKO Ha TEX
M3 MAX, KOTOPHC 8 HACTORULCE BPEMA HMEIOT HANGOABUIC Pacnpo-
crpaneie.

Pesunosuñ Kael npnwenneren man ckaefixn oTmembHBX Meraneh,
Npenmymectaento vo BCHONOTATEABHEX ONEPAUHEX, NOCIE KOTOPHX
DKOHVATERBHOE CKpenseMne HX MPOMIDOANTCA. RONOMMUTE AHEM Kpert-
ene, MALE BCETO HATONHBIM.

Pesinonsifi Kiel mpexcrananer cOGOB pacraop kayuyKa 8 uncrom
Gensure. Coornouenne MexAy KOïmecrsow Kayuyxa u Genanna
Geo koneGaeren B mpenezax or 1:8 70 1:20, 7. €. ma | neconyio
wacrb Kayuyka Geperca or 8 no 20 sactef Óen3mna, B SABHCHMOCTH OT
naaıayeunn wen. B OGyBHOM nporsoncrre manóo/mmee paempocrpa-
mente. ¡Meer Ki, 5 KOTOPON COOTHONIEHNE MEKAY KAyuyKom H en=
sauox paso 1:8.

70

| Xopoumi pesnnomuf Knell nomken GT omkooSpasHoro cepona:
oro mera, Ge MOCTOpOMHX NpHMeceR H HCPACTDOPEMMBIX HACTHU
Kayuysa. Tax Kak Oensuu Annmeren ÓMCIPO BocnIaxemmouunen m
derkO HenapmioutuMien BeUtecTBOM, peBHHOB Kell HYKHO 1OCTOANNO
xpauure B repMeTH¥eckH sakyopeHiol nocyae m o¥eus OCTOPOxHO
© mum oGpemarses BO mabekanme Moxapos m Recnacraaix exyuaen,

Tyrranepuensifi Kaeh IIMENSeTca Tasks OÓPA30M MPH CKIEHBA-
wom pesumopux nerameñ © xoxamumm. On oGecnemisacr npounoe Hx
cxpenueune. Tyrranepuensih Kael — sto pacrsop ryrranepym (seme-
crsa PACTITEABMOTO MPONCKOMACHAR, NO CBOHM CBOÑCTBAM CXOKErO
€ xayayxos) B GeHSHKE HAH B CMCcH Öensuna © AUXAOPSTAHOM,

‘Stor KI TOTODNTER no CHAYIONEM penentan:

1) 13-14 uacreh ryrranepun na 87—86 vacteh Oenanna;

2) 10 sacre ryrranepa wa 30 sacre muxxopsrama n 60 nacreñ
Genie.

Tipx usKOË Teuneparype ryrranepaesssi ¡ne saryerenaer, nosToMy
nepex ynorpeßnennev ero weoGxomimo paaorpenäth, C sToñ nem
Gauxy © Kaeem noMewaloT D Beapo c ropauel BONO H xepxar B neh
Ho mepexona Ken 9 XHIKOE COCTORNRE.

Tak Kak pactnopnrent ryrranepan — Genann H anxaopataxt — merk
cnapmloTcA # BOCILAZMERSOTCA, KEN XPAHAT B TEPMETHTECKH SaKpBTOR
nocyxe u ‘coOmoaaioT BCE NPaBuAa. MpCAOCTOPOMNOCTH BO H3GeMauNe
MOXAPOD M HECHACTHAX causes.

Myunok Kael nonyaaercn nyreM sapapmmamma MyKH B Kanauteñ
‚sone. lan nsroronnehun sroro Kier o6uikHOBeHKO Öeperen eut
Has MyKa noumxemmx copros, Kaeh npuroronameren caenywouu 06-
pasow. Boza 8 KaKoM-in6yas cocyne (koren, Kacrpiona HT. m.) na
Tpenaercst 10 KHTeRHS, SATEM B KMTAIIYIO BOAY BCHITACTCE MYKA B KO-
aumectse 30—40% xo s3aroh asx nparoroszenua xnex vont. Tlocae
SACHNINI MY HarpeB MPeRPALNAIOT H MpoHsBoAAT Mepritunoe nepe-
MeumBanne cOREPIKNMOTO B COCYAE AO TeX MOD, MOKA He MOAYAHTCA
COBEPWIEHKO OANOPOMMAA Macca Kies.

Tax Kak MyALOR Kei npH xpaitertan OtteTpo NOPTHTER, TO PEKOMEN-
AYETOA ero 3ArOTORASTE HEGOMBUMNI MOPUNMEN Ha TeKÿINNE NOTPeÓ-
‘HocrH; npx Gomes HIM MENE MIPOZOMANTEIBMON Xpäntennn 8 nel me-
oGxouNo AOÓABANTD KAPOO:OBYÍO HA CARMINAOAYIO KHCAOTY.

Mysnoli xaeñ oÓxanaer xopoureñ Kaesuneh endcoGHocTSIO, nO me
<roëx K Baare u SarHUBAHHO, 1OSTONY ero npuxenerne B OSYBHOM npO-
MSDOACTDE MEET orpaxnvenieid xepaxrep. OH HCNOASYETCA ALU pst
OTCYTCTAMA apyrux MOAKORSNK KIEHLUX BeutecrB.

Dexctpunossik xaefi (xexerpma). Jlekcrputow waswsaerca neme-
e700, nonysaenoe #3 KPaxNaza nyrem cuenna bno OGpAGOTEH HOCAER-
wero. Jlexerpmu uoxer Our» Genuñ, nanensıh (cveraoxenruñ) 1 Men
Tu. [loa monyuenun Kaen AEKCTPEN PASSONMTER B XONOMHOÏ MAH rO-
psueñ Doxe, upm stom Cepyt NPHMEPHO Ha OANY wacT Dom Ave
sacrn aekcrpawa. Tip paspetennn ero TutaTebno pasMeumHeaior RO
KOXYUCHIA OAHOPOAHOR MACCH, Ges KOMKOB H crycTKOB.

B oëyanow nponssoxerse xexcrpmuosuñ Kick mpuenseres Ann
exrenanna paomumbx xeraxel OÓyBM, OCOÓCHHO [LIA CKICABARAR
Mexkay COGOR RCTAAA Hs KOKH H TKAHH.

a

Tlexcrpnnossili kaeh oramuaerea OT Myanoro PAROM mpenmymects:
‚Run paamenenun om me Tpedyer ropmNeh BORBI, AaeT ZocTaTONHy!O
Mpouwoct CKAEMBAMAA m Cole CTOEK K xpaxextio.

Kaeñ «Aro». Tak naosaerca HTPONELTONOMEN xref, mmpoxo
Iprnenmenti An mpuipenmemix TORoUm » JeSEOA KASENGA oöyan.

lapaıy c atm nei «Äro» c yenexom MoxeT Om npmienen An
Haroenua SALUT D XPOMOROA H Texcrnanmof oOyan.

Kaeñ «Aro» npencranaser co6ofi 20—30% pactsop nuTpouenmo-
nos m auerone. B neKoTopbix cayanx auerom B Tofi Ha ol yacın
BAMCHACTOA APYTMMH DEINECTDANH — ITHJODHM CIMPTOM, AHETATAME
nen.

Kneñ «Aro» ormuaercn Gomeutoh nposnoctsio # croitocrso cxpe:
naenns, ycrofannerBo K ROSTEÄCTAMO BNAFH M HAMEHERNAM TEUE-
Paryps H Xopouiell COXPAHTEMOCTHD.

Onuaxo MYA:MO HMCTD E BHAY, TO CTO Pacrnopurean Teryun, HETKO
Bocnnantenmoren u Dpenum Jn SROpOBLR. Tlosrony stor Kaeii 1e06-
KOAHNO XPAHHTb B saxyMOPeHHOR MOCYXE NPH MOAMBSORAHMA HM NPH-
HHKATE Mepst npegocTopoRHocTH.

e OTAEJOUHBIE H KONCEPRMPYIOUME MATEPRABI

Oraeromunu warepnasauı aasmdiores nemeerna, mpuenmente
np _oTaeske oÖynu ANA YaysuleHiA ee nmeunmero Dia.

Cioma oruocirren cpawmwremsno Oomuoe seo pasKooSpasHe:x
warepuanon. PaccmOrpht HeKoTOpkIe 13 HiX, IMEIDLLHE HanGomuTee
pacnpocrpanenne.

Moaoumennse xpackn CAyKaT AAR OKPACKH HH3A OByBH m MPa»
Kun Ónecka ero OBPXHOCTH.

Tlonousennuie Kpackn HAFOTORAMOTCH MO CMECH PALMHX BOCKOD,
ntenoun, KPacHTexef H DORE, MPIMEPRO HO CAEAYILLUN pelenran:

Peuenr 1 Penenr 2

Com Tomer ES
canas soc 8 Kapraycenn noes | 10
nonce, 8 Pi 0%
Norcm 23 Nitro dr

Hurpes 03 paca

wna ña
Doxa mo a 125

100 10

K rozomnennoh xpacke npexwanamorea crenyiouute TpeGosaKna:
ou xo1kWa XOpOLIO BOCHPHAAMATDER Koxe, ÓMICTPO BUCHXATE,
cooëuars ome rayGokyio mpounyio oxpacky a YCTON HOUR HMCOKH
rame.

72

¡ Oraenonune pocku npumenmmorcn npit ropssel orxeaxe (noanponxe)
xdrateh moe oßyan. Om npexcreasior 60H Cana Pa
Bockon. Hupe MPIBOXATCA PELENTR HEKOTOPHX 39 EX.

TIA
= pecera | rues | res
Kapayéounn mock». + + 4 =
Mowanonun noce 001000 E = =
em ELLE 5 = e
ppm sss DDD = 5
Dep LE. I à = =
SD ee = = =
Harp 22222222200] 8 4 5

100

Ornenounme BOCKH AOMKHM YROBIETBOPATS CHEAVIINEM TpeSoBa-
Rust: OÓAANATD BHCOKOÂ CHOCOÓNOCTENO TAAMUCOOPASOBamMA n Ha
BHTSCA NIH BOIMOMEO Gone BHCOKOH Temieparype, B NPOTHEHOM
caysae on GÿAÿT Geictpo pasMarsaTbest u NAOKO VAEPAMBATHCA Ha NO-
mmpyewoË noBepxnocrn.

‘Annperypsl. Aunperyps npumexaiorca np ornenke Bepxa o6ysm
Jaa cooSuienus ef ayuimero buenmero Maa. Onn npencranamor co-
Goi 2xnaKocTH cnemtasmmoro COCTARA, CMOCOÖHKIE PH HaECEHH HX
Ha NODEPXHOCTB KOM OGPASOBHBATE OnecTsunne ILICHKE.

B o6ystiom npoussoucrse manGoaeuee pacnpocrpañenue mejor
Tax Hassinaembre mennaxopte anmperypis. Om mpencrasamor cOGoÏ
BOAEBIÄ PACTBOP HIGXIAKa, OKPALIEHHH ARHAMHOBHMH KPACKAME.

Weanax —cuonooGpastioe seutectso, OSpasyiomieeca Ha BeTanK
nexoropux nepenbes. Ox cÓnanaer cnocoónocTolo Aanarb GnecriLte
MEHR MO HaHeCeRHN ero Ha PAM MORePXAOCTH

Hume npusoastes peuenrss uneanakonoA ammperyptr.

3
E

Kommen a

Uleraax .
Bost
pos LIEGE
Bypa . « |

Eacun

Hapsay ¢ uiennaxonoA annperypoñ, npuenmorca 8 Kaueeroe an-
npetyp iipouenmonoauue H KASEHNODEE MOXPELBULIE KPACkH.

Hurponeamoaoansıe MOKPHBMBLE KPACKI—370 PACTBOPE HHTPONE.-
MONO » auerone, YCyCHOSTHNOBON ciapre WM APYTAX pacrBopk-
‘Teanx, cmeulanune © Kpachrensmn. Zan coodınemmn Sombutelt saca

a 73

MocrH noxysemnoñ naenke B STH KPacKH Noßanamorch cuaraaroMyRe
pemecrsa — MAacTRÖNKaTopLı, Hampumep, KACTOPOBOE Maco.

Kasennosan anuperypa npeacrasager coG0Ë Boassifl pacrsop Ka-
‘ena, 8 KOTOPHA AOÓABAMETCA MEKOTOPOS KOXMIECTRO OYpH Kpa-
Catena,

K o6yonus annperypax IPEXBADAMOTCA CACAYIOMNE Tpebonanna:
secaoxiHle CMOCOÖH MPATOTOBAEHAR, Koponlan COXPANREMOCTB, OTCYT-
‘cree BELLECTE, BPEAHO AeÄcTByMLNNx Ha KOXy, OOpasosanHe npor<
oli, me ocemaromeñea miem, CooGmenne nonepknocru Kom RAy6O-
Koll oxpacku M Xopomero TINA, YCTOÏANBOCTS MACHKH K BHUIHEM
GOSNEHCTBNAN (BMAABOCTO, HaMeHenHe TEMNEPATYPBE HT. DL).

Bap o6ysnoli. Bap © o6yoHoM mponsponctne 8 ocuounoM mpHMe-
uerc® AA TIPOMHTKN HWTOK € MCAIO MIpeROXpaitentin EX OT SA HMAHHA,
ÆKpome Toro, sap ucnomssyeres AIR MPOMASKE CTEMKH, NPOCTAIE E
Héroromneta MPOCTANONHOR maceis.

Cymectayer mea sua napa — deprHf n cBerasık.

Mepu Bap npercrabarer coGoñ B OCHOBHOM COCHOBYIO HT Ka-
MexHoyTonbuy! CMOXY; HHOFAA K HUM AMA yayauemma CHOÛCTE papa
ROGaBAROT KaNKhom m Mmeparse MACAO, ITOT DMA Dapa HCNOME-
‘ByeTCR TAABHEM OGpasOM AAA MPOMASKH m NPOCTHNOMON MAC, NO-
sysæemoñ nyTeM cueurenus Bapa C npocroñ aysrof um mwen.
aëmmoñ npo6koñ.

Cherauf Bap n ocromiom cocrour ua Kanucbomm (no 90%), Koropaa
An nonyveHng Bapa CNEMHPACTCA C MHÉPANHNUR MACHAME ET
HHDOTALME MHPAMU; HHOTAA K HeMy AOGABIRIOTCA BOCKH, Napadue -
urn

Kannpons nonyuaerca nyrew cneitnannoh o6pa6orkH coKoxnol-
tx nepensen.

Cerati Bap npaweuserex Aan MpoImen APATEM u Amok, WOOK
MMPEROXPAHNTE MX OT npexmespementioro paspyurennn mA Binaimem
sara, comma, BoBayxa M APyrux ememmux nonneherani. Onnonpe-
MeHHO MPONKTKa MUTOX Bapo% CHOCOGCTEYET AYALIEMY samonHERKO
oræeperiit OT mpoxo.ton HrAOÍ u OÓLLEMY NOBIEHHIO IIPOYHOCTA HOB.

OTREA BTOPOA

OBYBb H PABOUHA HHCTPYMEHT
AJA EE M3POTOBJIEHMA

—- —-

Paasa VI
KJIACCHOHKALMA OBYBH

Ocrosnoe Haamavenne o6yaH — sauura Hor yenoseKa OT BHELIHEX
Bosnecreuä CPEABI: HINCHEHHR TEMTCPATYDEL, BAAKHOCTH HM MPCAOXPA-
Ree OT yaapos, yamOoo u Apyrux nospexdennl,

B wacrosuiee apes nsroronaneren oven om:
moe KOAHNECTBO PAJAMX THIOB m BHAOB OOyBA.

Boe onu Morÿr 6uiTs pasenemb a c1e2ÿI0-
Anne rpms:

1. Flo Mastasemmo o6ysb nompasnenserca na
Gwitonyw, 7. e. yno-

TpeGanemyro 8 oÓRa-
MBX YCIOBHAX, u Ha
enexwansityio, | KOTO-
pam HCNOMSYETCA B
OC OGLX yestOBHIAK HOC
Ka, Hanphwep, poesias
o6ysb, ropımukue Go
Tui, Gosiorusie ca:
nor,’ enoprupian
Pue 87. Conor oOyab, Goaeansnam, Pue. 38, Boranox
kybanbuaa at. A

2. Mo sway, 7. €. pasmepy u Kowerpykuyn ronemua (10H sacra
oGysH, RoTopan OKBATHDAET Tome» Mor I OMCTH THT CTO);
B OcHOBHOM OÓYSb PASKEAAETCA Ma YerIpe rpytit:

Canoru. Y 3roro vuna oOyu roaenma melor nauboauryo
Bucory oxo 50 CM, Mpituem paspesa AAA SACTEMKE MAN LIKYPOBKU
ner (puc. 37).

Bornuxn. Stor sux oGysn ormvaetes of canor Goes musica
TOXCMMIMAMN, HECKOIBKO anlie MBINETOK, KOTOPME HAAMPAIOTCA Gep-
axe. Cmepen nam cOoKy Gepust HMeeTCA paspes Him BCTABROA ACTA
Hs mérKO Pacrarunaexoro marepmana (HAMpHMep TKaHM © PE3HHORMA
wuran), Gnaronapa “euy oGzervaetca Hanenamme OGYBM Ha mors,
MOCIC 4ero IINVPODANMCH HA JaCTETMDANNEN He IyTODMUS pasMepht
TOREHAUNA YMeMBULAIOTCA, NEM AOCTITASTCA MIOTHOS OÓNETANME TORE
worum cronët (puc. 38).

75

Mony6oruurn. Oro o6yB, y Karopoñ Gepus ne meinte MM
ee CM); OHM SaKpLIBAIOT TELISNYIO. HACTÉ CTOMH AO crHOa
pue.

Ty G 11. Han6onee serxas 06yB» orkpsrtoro tuna (pac. 40). Bep-
uw HMeloT Bucory He Gone 4—7 CM; ON Ne SAKPHDMOT TENOR
MacTH CTOMH u ÿAePHHBAIOTER Gomitiell HACTHO OAHMM HAH HECKOM
KUNA WEPECHOMBENHEIA PEMFAMH (8 HEKOTOPBIX CIYUERX peMenb
‘ercyrerpyer, KaK nanpumep, y Type «nonowKa»).

3. MO poay oyas noapasnenneren MA MYKCKYIO, MEHCKYIO ZeT-
CKyIO, TPUNEM AA YoHoUIecKoro BOSPacta OÓYBk MSTOTOBARETCA Maar
HÉNCKAN u Maan MYACKAR, .

Pane, 39, Honydormox Pue. 40. Tyger

Pox o6ysu onpeaenneren » ocuomuow ee pasmepaun. Pasmep (no-
Mep) xaparcrepuayer JUDY, KozonKH.
BD CCCP nanny mam nomep NOAOaKH npninro uswepaTs ocoBoR
‘equimyell iaMepenia— urrnxon, KOTOPH päsnsercn Ha CM
Howep OÓyBH puipaxkaet MAY creibku B UITHXAX (MaMpnmep, HO
mep 41 osnavaer, «ro anna crembKH pasto 41 wrixy).
Bes 06ym, maroranambaewan 8 CCCP, uweer caeayromyto nyMepa-
umo:
No 17—21 — rycapun,
Mo 22-26 — nerckan Mana;
Ne 27—30 — nerexas; ,
Ne 31—34— nexomepor. (xeckar matan);
Mo 35—38 — mamones (nyckan Maza);
No 33—42 — wenckan;
Ne 38 u some — nyakcxası. '

: BOEHHAA OBYBb

Obyns, mpeniasmamemman Aaa OÖecnemennn munoro Cocrara
Cosercxohi Apınn, Hasbinaercn BOeHHOR Han apstefickofl

Sty 06YB Momo pasOnr Ha ase rpyamb: a) oÓyÑ Ann
Panonoro u CPIKANTCKOTO cocTana n 0) 06yB AAA ofintepon m rene-
pazo».

K nepsoR rpynne ormocaTen oa OcnonnBx sta oÓyom: canorn
© KupaoBtusen ronenmmanı m Gormem (no:ycanorn) sochrensie.

Oba 574 Duna OÓYSH NOLMBAIOTCH B MEXAHNNECKON MpOHsBORCTBE NO
YTBCPkCHHBIM. OÓPABMAN m COOTBCICTOMA O TEXHMMECKHMN yc-10-
BAM, ï

76

Marepıranayın, us KOTOPEX BLKPAHBAIOTCR OTREABHELE ZETA STOR
‘obyou, Cayaxar:

a) nan AETAJEÑ Bepxa — 5 OCKOBHOM IT PACTITEMHOrO HAM
KOMÓNEMPOBARMOTO AYÓZCHUA, 32 HCKMOSENMEN ro/eHHM KHPSOHX
CAnOr, KOTOpHE BAKpEHBAIOTCH MS CTMHAASROR TKARI — KUSH;

6) nan neraneh must TONOMIBENNAR m CTENCUNSA KOMM pASAEN
use Bau pesnMonoh nogomeLs,

OGyss x: odmItepoB m remepanos, Cocromian na cuaóxemma
CoperckoR Apauy, rome memtca na 28a Buna: canork m GOTANKH, Ca-
Tora B CBOR Ouepenb MOXPASACARIOTCA Ha CaNOrH XPOMOBME M CanOTH
soprenie. Kak neTamı Bepxa, TaK m AeTaAH HUSA B STON 0ÓyBm WeTH-
KOM BHIKPAHBAIOTCR HS KOKEBEHHHX MATEPHANOD, MPHUEM AAA BEPxA
XPOMOBEIX: canor H GOTHBOK MIPHMEMAITCA: ONOÈK, EMPOCTOK, HOAY-
Komunk u mespo (0YS5 max Tenepanon), a na nera. usa HAYT no-
xoupemuse M crenemmie KOxH pacrmrensmoro AYÓMeNa. Bepxune
eran oduuepexax woressix cantor BEIKPAMBAIOTCA M3 KTH pact
“remeuoro Han XPOMO-PACTITEABHOTO AyOacnma.

OGys ANA Odnitepon m Feepanon oMmnaeres Han MexaMHuecKHN
<nocoGoM Ha O6yBREX baópmkax Han xe BPYAHYM B MACTEPCKHX no
UNANDANYALIDMEIX saKasaM, ÜOyBb MEXAHIWeCKOTO MPORABOACTBA 3ArO-
TOBARETCA MO YTHÉPAACUNMN OÓPASILAM H TEXIMACCKHM YCIODHAN DH
ToBOTO, AeperAHNo-LMHTEMHOrO M PARTOBOTO MeTOROR KPeTLTENHR.

Bpyunyio Xe OGysb MOLIMBACTCA, Kak IPABILIO, *PARTOBHIM MeTO=
OM, # ab B PCAKHX caygaax opiiuepennil cocras corsautaerca Ha
TOUMBAY ee C MpHKperteniHeM HuIA AepeBsTHENGR UIMABKANK.

VanruBan TIDKEME YenoaHA HOCKH OGyAH B APM, K Heil NPEXB-
ADAJOTCA, Kpome OÓLLIX TpeGoBaMal, 0ÓNSaTembIIX 1.18 BEAKOR OOyBH
eue pax cremtanssex Tpedonalu, Kak TO: BHCOKOC KAMECTBO BCEX
NATEPHAAOB I BbIKPOEHNBIK HS HX ReTaneit oÖyem, ocoÓan npounocrs
<Kpensemna OTACBHBIK AeTanei MexAy cool m xopomee prenne
opopsnemme.

Öcodenno ssicoxm TpeGomarma K O6yeH An ofmmepon x renepa-
108, KOTOPAA Hapaay € AO0POKaueCTBERHOCTBID H MPONHOCTEIO Os
O6naAaTe xOpoLInM BHCUINAM BUAOM, OÖLCMEUHBAMLLAN CO MORE
yeramoanenmoli dopwe one M DONNCKOrO Dura OQHuepa.

METOJM W3TOTOBAEHHA OBYBH

B xacroñmee pema cymectayet MHoro Cocoon naroronzenma
‘oGypn, Mpusex STH CMOCOOB paszHuawoTcA Memay COGOÏ m OCHOBHOM
Mo MeToay coeantennn Bepxa € un-
30M, T. €. SATOTOBKH € NOROMBON.

Pauropui' merox. Tlpu paro:
Box werone TOUMKK OOyDH 10-
noua npukpennaken K party, Ko-
‘Tops npeanapnre.muo mece €
KpanMi 3aroronku MPHUMPAETCK K
crenvke (puc. 41).

Pant u monoma npaxpencisior-
<A NDH HOMO HHTOK, MPOWNOCTE Pu. 41. Cesenne pawronof oßyar

77

m Kasecrso KOTOPHX OMPEACAMIOT B USBECTHOM Mepe NPOIMOCTE Kpe-
nan.

‘Dror MeTOR ABANCTCA HanGonee CAOKHMM TPYAOEMKIM.

Ou CRORITCA x cnenyiomemy: EMpyGeRHe HS BMCOKOKANCCTICI=
wx KOX CTeTBKH H PANTIN NPEABAPHTEABINO MOXDEPrAIOTER CENT.
no oGpaGorke. Ha creme bupesaerca m noaNiMaeTea 0co6an
croïka—ryGa, KOTOpañ MIPOXOAMT mo BCEMY ee Kpal, BLOTS 20
mark. Ty6a cayæur aan Toro, uroÓm x neh npoumskoñ mpuxpen-
anna past. Jus ayuueh yxnakH cTexXKOD HHITOK BOA BCETO Kpan
parra co cropons GaxrapMu xenaerea Xe1060K.

Coëpamme o6uumm cmocoGoM 3ArOTOBKE SATATHBAIOTCA Ha KO-
JonKH, K KOTOPEIM MPEABAPHTENNO NPAKPELANETER CTEMKA, SaTAMNAN
Kponka 3ATOTOBKH € MIOMOLLBIO COOTBCTCTBYIOLECO HATHMENHA VIO:
Ausaeres BMAOTUVIO K ryGe CTONDKH H BPEMENRO MpHKpenaaeTCR TER-
COM, orbpuih saTeM ynaageTeR MOCAC CKPENIEHNE saTAXHOM KPOMKH
ery6oh crensKH.

Mlocae Toro a paxTOSuMBHOA MaunHe Han Bpy¥Hy! npoHsEO-
antes npnimmeka x ryGe cremkn parra. Tipu stom x rye cremxn
ORNOBPEMEIIIO MPHINHIDAIOTER H KPas SATOTOBKI, KoTOpHe OKAIMBAIOTEN
3aaTHMH MEXAY TyOoR m PARTOM,

‚Hanee x npnumTouy PARTY nprkpenaseres MONOIMBA,

Mpowmonoh meron. Tp STOX meTone sarorunka npHKpensseres
K CTebKe_ TOKCOM, MATAYXO CKPEAMOLM SATEKHYIO KPOMKY CO
‘cremxo#, Tlozo1msa 8 STOM cayade MPAXPeNIARETCA Henocpencruenio
K cTembXe € NOMOLIBI cmeuxansux ITOK <Mexxeñ (pre. 42).

Pre, 42. Cesenne npoumsuon 065:

Pac, 43, Cesenne mmuronon 06e

Bunronok meron. Stor merox ormvaerea OT MPOMMBHOTO Tex,
TO AIR MPHKPEIAEHHR MONOMBH K CTEMBKE B KANECTBE KPENHTEAR MAS
MCNACTCA BMNTOBAA MPOBOJOKA, KOTOPAR B BARE OTACABMEX BMITOD.
Pattasaerex maumnoh (pue. 43). Bunronoi werox nphueuñeren
TOMKO pn Mexahnanponamıom npostaBoacTEe OÓYBH.

Aepensuno-wnusernstit Metox. DTOT MeTOA orauuacten oF BHKTO-
Boro H UPOLIMBUOTO METOROB TeM, GTO AAA MPHKPETLIEMEL NOLOUB
Seca HOMOMAYIOTOR ACPeBaNNBE LILI, KOTOPHE BÓNBALOTCA B PE
DapuTeJmo MPOXOMOTHE MIMAOM OTDepeTUN. Sram METOROM MOL“
BACTCA OÓYSb Kak BPyaryıo, Tax H Ha Manmiax (pic. 44).

Pauroso-npommnnoh meron. IIpi stom werone par ipHumaerce
me x ryGe a Henocpencraenmo K create x npukpennemdof x Heft
SaTwAHOH Kpomke saroronkn. [lonoma Ke npulluBaercs, KaK m npu
PanTOBoM meroze, x paty. Hpekäyliecraon stor METORA ABIRETCR
78

0, TO He 1peöyeren cneunamnoR OOpaborkKy ciemBKH Aux opasonst
una ya neh ryObt,

Camnabntali MeTOX. STHM MeTOLOM HITOTOBAAETCA Aerkan nerund
o6ym. On ormmiaeren Tem, “TO O6yBb moitinnaeten Ges Crema,
Tlonouma Mpx TOM MeTOMe CKPenaSeToa HenOcpexCTAeHHO € BEPXOM,
Kpañ xoroporo saruaiorea napyy (pue. 45).

. Conese nepesanno- Pue, 45, Cevenne cansamos
wnnaewnoR Sy o 0]

Jus npenoxpaueima sepxa OT npocexauua CTeMKamm CTPONKH
MOBEX SarkyTHIX KpaeB ero HAKBAABACTCA MOZOCKA Komm,
Busoportñ meron TIpn TOM Merone MOLIMBRH Bepx OGyBH mar
Kann MPKPENAAETCH HENOCPEACTBENNO K NONOIMBE, HO Nepen ITAM NPH-
KPeIACHHeM sarotoska Buvopauusaeres! MANSILIMKY HB TAKOM MAC
SATATHDACTCA Ha KOAOARY, a SaTeM npHUHBAeTeA K nonoume (pue. 46).

Pie. 46. Cevenne sunoporaon Pue. 47, Cosenne xaeenoh o6yau
Gen

Tlocae yxanenma KoNOAKH saroToBKa BMeCTe C MPHIUNTOR MONOMI-
of BHOBS BBIROPaHHRAETCA, CHOBA HAAEBAETCA HA KOAOAKY LA pac-
HpaGKE SarOTOBKH H MOAOUIBEL U OCTACTCA NA KOMOAKC NO Buicylmna-
rs. BuDopoTmuN NEROAON noupaeren enopriovan m Aerkan nernan

yb.

Kacenofi metoa. Stor wero Xapakrepnayerch Tem, 170 MONOLIBa
Mp MOMOULH pasAUSX kaceD npukzennaeren K SATEMUOÏ KOMKE
SATOTOBKit, MpHeM saTwWANAR KPOMIA 1 MOAOLIDG AO CK.teMOANH NOR
1exar cnenmamuol mpensapnrensuol oGpaGorke (pue. 47).

B macrosucc opens npimensieves HECKOMKO BMAOB KICeBOro
METORA, KOTOPE pasamiaoTeR MEXAY COGOÏ KAK NO HPHMCHAEM
MaTePHalaM, Tak H Mo cnoco6y NPHKAHBANAA.

Taasa VI
OBYBHBIE KOOAKH

OGysnwe Komaru CAYMaT AM npHAaHHA oGyox pop, np
æaomeñca x ope Hora, B 325HCHMOCTH OT Toro, KOFAA H Kak OHM
Mpamensiores, HX MOMHO pasGuTs Ha Ane rpyMM: SATHKHHE H TAC
one,

SATRKHME KOAOAKH ABNRIOTCA OCHOBHLINE, TAK KaK Ha HuX saro-
‘TooKe mpuxaerca onpeneaentan PopMa H HPOHIOAUTER CKpennenme
ReTanelt 1109 u Bepxa oByax.

Orzeaounste KOAOAKH B MPONMDACTRE HMeIOT REMOMOFATEIBHOE
Sitayenne H CAYKAT AIR TOTO, UTOÓEL TOTOBAR HAH NONYTOTOBAR OOyBL
<oxpaltñia 30 dopay # nponecce OTZerKH.

3ATAKHDIE KONOAKH

Barmxime Konoaku D saBMcuMocTH OT MeToAA MOUINBKH OOyaH
‚Aenatcn Ha Mexkefnbie, PARTOPME n canzone,

Menxeñinbie KOAOAKH ynotpeGanoTcR
MPA SaTAKKE MpoWBHOR, HepeBrHHo-uni
eNO! m BHETOBO! OyBH (pue. 48).

Ha Kononkax arora Bia TAKMe use
cruauo seraruegercs M Kicepan 06yBb,
East OÓpasom na peslionoR noxoube.
Paie, 48, Mernenma xoaonka Mexkefibie KOMOMKN ANA MeXantiNe~

ckoro npolissoacTsa oGyBH HxeIOT TY 0C0-
Genocrs, uro B nuauel enoeh YacTH mo BCEMY caay CHAGXCHE ME-
‘TanAMMeckHMH naacrnnan. Flocaexmme cayKaT AAA Toro, NTOGM'TeKC,
sxOusaeuti AM CKPETLAEHUR SATOTOBKH CO cTenbKoi, non nefcrenem
yaapa sarubancsı u CBOAM OCTpHEM BxOMA B CTEABKY. Sto oßecnenn-
Baer Ghasunyo MPOMHOCTE 1pKAMIE.

B pyurow npohsuoncroe o6ysH LepesAHHO-UnHTEAHMN METOROM
‘puenmores KOMOJAN Ges weTaAAMYeCKHX DALCTAN, TAN KaK SATKKA
SATOTOBKM npn STOM chocoe MPOMSROITCA MPMINMBKOK ee Kpaes
x CICADKE, a MpuKperUIeHMe NOOLID — AEPEDAHNBIMH DIH IERAMI.

B PAHTOBHX KOMOAKAX METALTMECKI IVIACTINO MOKPHBAET TO/BKO
matouny “acre caeza (puc. 49).

30

B stom cayuae mpi aaramue o6yBH TeKc Harayxo saGmBaerca anu
8 mATOMHO! ec act, a B NYSKAX u HOCKE ero HEMOMSYIOT A KavecTBe
Bpeneuuioro KpeniTéss, Koropstl Mp TMocaeayioux mponeccax
‘OWHBKH ynaaneren.

Pac. 49, Panrosan sarannan xosoxea

Cauxansme KOMOAKH CAYMAT AAR JATHKKI <TeTHeMl oByan cate
AAMMOrO Tuna, ÓTOT BHA KOMOAOK MAHGOACE upoct no CBOcH KOH
‘erpyxninn (pue. 50).

Boe saTamnbie KOZORKH HMEIOT TPH
ROBePXHOCTH:

1. Ocuonkan pabosan monepsnocts
HAM MWKHEER ACTS KONOAKH, RAI
Ma crenom.

2. Bepxisia HODEPXHOCTE — KOOAKH,
Mastinaenan miontanKok.

3. Bokonan (wat cpeaaa) noBepx-
OCT, pacnoromennan MEXAY CACAOM m TUTOMIAAOA (pue. 51)

Caen Kononkn YCAOBMO AEMAT MA TPH YACTH: MATOURyI, Te-

aenoauyro u nepeamor. Tepea-

Bepuuna
a en Ua wach D nanÖoaee LHPOKON
Proud uecre unaninaercn nyuonoï

me crio (pazmmuaor napyamal

M niyrpeiumd nyusn,_upeacra-

BamouHe coboñ mam6oee Bbi-

AAlOLAHECA TOUKH C HAPYÆHOÏ H
Bnyrpeuneñ croporti CALAA).

AHanornuno caeny, 60KoBan

Hovepxiocrs Taxme AeauTCR Ha
‘Tpit NacTH: ATOM, POXeNO:

Kyo u nepe rior.
Tlepeawuit aBieryn rerenou-
Narrower Trou Tepeönge wol act Goxovoll, nonepxuo

Pane, 50. Canxamman xoxoaxa

acm utc, vacms CTH Naabinaercn rpeöheu KO1OX

3 An Ion. KoropuR menderen Orben-
Hin (Tax dastinaemuil eKamı),

S a HAMBICIAR Toma pen —

ero vepunnoh,
Tlaomanka kononu pasze-
ICTCA HA Nepeamon H 3411010
uacrn. Baauan uacrs pacnoao-

Pa. Sl. Sermue uensefnue AENA POPMOONTA:BNO, à mepen-

= count vu au MA HOOTHYTA BOEPX M ABARCTCR
DCE TE Bepxwel naomanKoR Kata.

81

16 FHounnsa opus cnar

Merasameckan naactuta, O KoTopyio 3aruGacrca npn sarmrre
‘Texc, MPUKpEnAMETCA K cuieay KonoaKH mypymamm, Alan mpaKpente~
MR Crezex K KOAOAKAM NAACTHNA HMeeT KPYTABIE OTBERCTHR (ABA ILA
“pk, m saBHCHUOCTH OT pasMepa Koroann). Bo usGeKanWe BKpALIM
Bai apenecuitst OT MMOFOXPATNOTO 9AÓMBANAA TOKCA HA CKOÓ m STH
orneperin BÓNDALOTCA crentiambtiie AEpeartinue npOGKH, KOTOpHE TO
Mepe HaNOCa ero samexmorca HOBEIMH. Zam TOTO YTOÓM KOAOAKY
MOMHO Gao Manero ma Wryuep MPH bmnommena paña onepaunti,
D TOPMIONTAMMOR YacrH LAONNAAKH HMEETCA OTRepCTHE €. METANMHNE-
roh Bryakoñ. Kann YREPMHBAETCH Ha KOAOAKE MPH NOMOLIN MPyYIKIN=
HOTO 3AMKA H KCALSMOTO YIIOPA, YKPEILIEHHOTO B HAKAIOHHOM x MATOS
MOR yacın 1020:

JA TOTO STOÓSI CHATS Kann, cTeNKambHMBIM KpIONKOM Hepes Ornep-
crie B HapyAHOM care TPEÓNA HARHMAIOT Ha INMEHeK MIPYACHHEL JaMKA
M ocnoGoXAIOT kan BO HSGEMANME MOTepH KAMA IPABRIDACICA
X KOAOAKE LYDOM, KOTOPL NPOXOAHT Hepes cheuKambito BEICBEPAeI-
Me ornepernn. lan npenoxpénennA OT nonpexknennn naoulanka
acto noxpusaerca «px6pol mam KomeR.

B narowwoll sacri ANA NPELOXPAHEMA OT PACTPECKUBAHHR BcTai
ACTCA CKROSHAR SAKEIIKA, KOTOPaR YKpenamerca WañGoï u packie-
piaaeres na HapyHoA CTOPOHE KOOAKH.

OTAEAOMHBIE KONOAKH

Has oGaeraenux onepam no orerce o6yau m coxpanemma ee
Hopstst npamennor CINENHANSHBIE OTRCNOTANE KOAOTKH PAIX
Koxerpyxunit, Flo Pope out COOTRETCTBYIOT 3ATAMHEM, HO HMEIOT
enbuime pagxeper (ta 6 mx Dany u Ha Ó—S MN BD OKPYKHOCTH MYU=
xox), Gonee 3akpyTieninie MOBEPxIOCTA, OGTTHAIOE HAINE m
CreNky € uux 00von (pre. 52.). Bunmwaioren OHM 13 0GÿBH pu nomonta
XUBYPa, saxperanemoro yepes CKBOSMBIE OTBPCTUR B ILIOWANKE,

Ondenowas onodna

Ges Kika
Puce. 52, Orxexoume roroxe

Orxenounsie KOMOAKH MOYT OBITS uenbrsmn (nepastennbmn)
© KIMHOM, COWICHCHREIAO! MpYACHHOH HA LLAPHPHO.

Konoaku Ana rorosoñ oöyan, Alan Toro sTo6u rorosaa o6ysb ne
Tepnaa cvoel hopin npu TpakcnopTHPoBKe m xpanenni, RPHMCUROTER
Pa3AHNNOrO POAA KOMAKN, COCTOAIAME saute nocro HS Nepenueh sacra
# ynopa.

82

Tlepennan acre xemerca nycrorenof; mioraa ona © ynopow co-
exmsercn npyuuoh, nospoamomel HCTOIBSOBATD ce ANA pasHBix
pasnepos ob yin

Paönepu SATA MNBX KOXOAON. Kax wncento, no npewa KoRsöH
Annehnsie u OÖLENILIE paaMepw CTOMN NenOneKa usMeHRIOTeS, NO
Srowy Juma KOIORKH ROHS GITE HECKOADKO Combe ¿MIL CTO

Corzacko eficTByIOMLHM cTaNAapram Amia Konoasu Geperca
Gozeme ana crom ua 10—15 Mu, onnaxo STA pasta He ABARETEA
mocrommioR, Tak Kak OMA SABHCHT OT opwei HocKa KOAOWKH:
Nem Ye Hocok, TeM Combe paskuma MeKAY AMO Komma it
rom.

ina xononkn ycaonno oboamamaerca ee HoMepoM. B 3apneu-
NOCTA OT CIICTEMBE HYMepalliH PAU D AMC KOMAOK AByx cMe-
mannuıx Hoxepos pasmsua.

B wacronulee ppema Aelicroyior TP! CHCTEMBI AyMepanni KONONOK:

Auramiexan cnerema, Sra CHCTEMA usMepenua AIME KonOR0%
npuwsra npenmymecrseno m Anrmu, EammueR super ani
CICHA KOMAOK B ST cayue cayur Ys auranfckoro MONA
(847 ms).

Merpuueckaa cwcrema. Eanmmneh mouepema amm HONDA
npu merpuueckofi cucreme cayaurt 1 CM, CAeROBATEMDRO, Pasa
B AMANC KONOAOK ABYX CMOMULIX HoMepos cocramaser 1 CM.

Bons neynoßcroon war anranÄckoi, Tax u Merpuseckofi cı-
crew samseres To, “To npn Takoh GoxmoÑ pasmme » Anne 06ÿBn
ABYX CMEXHUX HOMEDOB O¥eHS TPYAHO YAOBAeTHOPATS SANPOCK 10-
TpeOnTenm.

Ulruxwacconas cnerema, Tlo TOR cucrene exuumuel uoxepena
Rawat KonozoK caykur ummx', papmıh Ye cu (6,67 mM). Dra cH
crema nMecr y Hac mposoe pacıipoerpaneiue, Tek Kax oma Naubonee
YRo6na © row speuun Guerporo moadopa oGysH HeoGxonEMOoro
pasuepa.

Kpoxe zum KOROAKH, HMeior SHaNeHHe eme m Apyrne HaMepe-
man, Xapaxrepmsyrouine Kax OODeu ee D pasMBIX NecTax, Tak H UM
puny crea, 910 OÓACHSETOA TOM, ¥TO pH OAUOÍ H TOR Ke ANNO
cromx ee noamora Onbaer pastas.

Tlosromy am yaossersopenua sampocon norpeöimeneli oßyns
oxuux N Tex KE HONEPOD AEAAOT MCCKOMKUX nOAHOT, ÓJATORAPA
ey KONOAKI ABYX CMEXNNÉ HOMepOR pasmmiaioTeA NEKAY COGOR:

1) no mmpune eaeaa 9 nyaxonoh acta;

2) no umpmne caeza 8 mmrownoß yacrı;

3) no oxpyxnocru myuxon 1 npamoro Banenz

Cornacuo neñerayiomemy cranaapty (OCT) asa exena wono-
ROK maMepneren D MuAAMIMCTPAX u OIPCACAMETEA CACAYIOMAM 06PAIOM.

Hampnuep, xonoza Ne 41 — aro anannT, «TO anna Cxexa Meet
AL mmx; Tax kan 1 wmux = 6,67 MM, nama CHEXA KONORKH cocra-
saser 6,67 uu X 41 = 273 wm.

Huxe npusozinw Taßmamsı ocHonux pasepon Konogox, Nocrpoen-
MUX corsacio AEÄCTBYIWLLENY CTAMASPTY Ha KOTOAKR.

© 3 Ulmmx— gpanaysenan sepa annus,
o 83

Ta6aunal

Hanna crenbnit woaoann (6 mm)

Tans ae Tana en

mete
pure

~ Ja | 2.) =!

=
Es

34 | 28, =
as | EE
| = |, 3
=o] a] [55] 285
= foe] EE
= [5 = 2/1 2
= ol = || =
= fay] = =
3%) = =
= hg) = =
a | = =
5
21%
mus | À
2
Tasanın
Paamep onpyanoern nyanon (e a)
En DAN
E Tamora il Toman
O E

Tycapnn Nerexne

18 | 209 | 38 | 149 | 154 [28 | 179 | 104 | 109 | 104
19 | 168 | ua | 153 [tos [29 | as | 188 | im | 108

$ E | 202
ai | ast | 136 | ast | ts | | 17 en

| us | vo | 195 | 150 | or | | 280 | 125 | 199

Herexue manne Keuckne manue (uezomepos)

Si | 191 | 196 | 201 | 206
22 | 155 | 160 | 165 | ımo | 52 | 105 | 200 | 205 | 210

28 | 159 | 161 | 109 | 171 | 53 | 199 | 204 | 200 | zu
24 1 163 | 168 | 173 | 178 | 34 | 203 | sos | 213 | 218
25 | 167 | 1% | 177 | 182

2 | im | 176 | ist | 186 |

ora mans m) prance, yen €

Myxcrme uaaue (neaowe pow

33 ¡190 im | 204 me | a7) zu | 20 | 25 | 200
34 | 196 | 203 | 28 | 28

35 | 202 207 212 217 Ed u = = | =
5 | | zu | ze | 21 Mywexne

3 210 | 215 220 225 38 219 224 229 234

EE | 2 EE ME | | 2
2 me) is | | 2 | 2B | ty | 2
| de | dr | me a (2 2 aR | RT| 2
4 226 231 236 241 42 25 240 245 250
2 | Bb | Bs | ao | |B | BS u | |

S| 28 | de | ds | =
Myxexne nanue (mexouepon | 4 | 27 | 38] 2 | 22
amr ain a ae | ae | 2 | 2e | det | 28
EE i me | | 28 | Bo | 2 | 0

Ta6annad
pana caeaa m nyaxax (o ms)

np cara ayas Le) apa Qu ross o

Taman ES au
ee
A A
Mencxno
Tyeapnsn
10:
1 48,5 | 505 | 52 545 a | Ed se D E 2
Bla e 2 A IE GEHE Bs |
1 | Sts] Ss] Ss] fs [33 | 70 | Be) Be] F
Dis | ss | or | s° | or | ios | ze fos | 7
Alas sl ss! os] S| |
evensemeaue Ss | ms | | sis
> 40 m 79 a 83
ny 6) 1 oy 2 fa | is] me | ts! ss
B | $5 | 85] 0 gas [elo | al &
D | 05 | bbs | bs | &s [Myxexnenaaue wexowepox)
6 E y 35 785 | 775 795 | 815
= e = = = 36 7 79 8l 83
a | ms| as | fs | ss
Rerenne slo lala]
2 635 | 655 | 675 | 695 Myxcxne
| os | ls | 3] 9.) Bs] Ss] &
| tas | 7 Ss | Es
Be? a a ao BP] Be] Be] Be
D | ts | is] 885 | sos
Hencxne manue(mexomepoo | 2 | | as | 0. | 5
e EEE
BUT) Bs] 25) Bs | 4 | 005 | 925] 045 | 95
3 | Bs| As | teo| tes | 8 | 005 | 005 | 945 | e
AA TE [7 | 60 1710510510) 095

Hilupuna caeaa 6 narne ( mn)

Taéauna

4

pa era u aro e

pecs caera ea (mu)

ji ——= A |
A lA
Pycapuxa Kencxue
n'ai ey) 5) ele we) we) a ®
[|| ae) Fe) S) 2) ey 8
ple || $ allein ale]
o/s] ae] es, 8] 8) 2/52] a] 3
ala lal sia |e) se] ih] a] 2
elo] a] #2]
Aercuns nuaue Ss a 2/5] a
ele} a) ul 8
a) a] a| 3 | 8
ais 2 2) eal al sl sl s
a; 8) 2] 2} 8
25 al 42 43 44 [Myxcxne manne (nexomepox)
2 = # # s 35 sl 52 58 EJ
a 36 52 3 54 5
S/S |] so | os
Herexne ZL el ie
2121418] Myxecne
AA
2 | 4 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 38) St | 55 | 56 | 57
EJ 46 47 ey # 39 55 56 sr 58
| $] a] 5
a} a) es] se] 0
encenewaxue(rexowepon)| & | 8 | B|]
S| s}o] a] @
aja) eyo) o a Sl a] ol &
2 21% a ($ a e | a] a
wl | | x | [da] | oo] oy 8
Hal RP al Spel as] aye] s

Taasa Ix
CTPOEHHE CTONBI M CHATHE MEPKH
CTPOEHME CTONbI

Hora senogexa cocron na rpex vacreh: Genpa, roneiui u cron,
Ona npenerasaner coGoñ caomnyio cuerewy na Kocrell, MIX, Hep-
BOB, KPOReHOCHBIX COCYOB H HAPYKHOFO TOKPOBa — KOA.

OGyB npeanasnauena NPEHNYULECTBENKO AMA nokparun HAC
wacT HOr—CTONM M TOABKO HeKOTOpNe HA OÓYOM TOKPMBAIOT
CIO rozeitb u Geapo.

2 Mednmecsa nera Bananen

Pue. 53. Cxeaer cron

Bepo cocront 13 oAnoR Gexpeutoñ KocrH, KoTopas Sepruait
Konuow coeauela € rasonoñ Kocrbio (rasoGenpemmoe couneuerme),
a KIDKHIM — € KOCTAMA FO-IÈHN B KONEMHOM cycrane.

Tonens o6pasyioT ase kocrm: Gombulan n manan Gepnonsie, Bep-
howste KOCTH CHONMA HEXHENH KOMUAMH COUICHENL C KOCTAMH TON.
Fipn coeamnenim co cronoh Gepmontie KocTH obpasyioT BHNYKAOCTH
(Gyrpe), masacre zonsuxxaun (mkomorkm, Kocroun). Buy-
TPCHHAS TOABLKKA PACNOIOKEHA HECKOISKO Bu BNENIHER.

Crona — camas CAOIXNON: NACT IKK Komeuocren sezonera;
oxa cocrour ma 26 ormemHHx xocrefñ. Ckezer cromw einen Ha
‘pH sacrk: a) mpeannocny, 6) naochy 8) maus (pic. 53).

Npennmocwa cocront ua cemm Kocreñ: narounoñ J, Tapatoï 2,
sranpeanaHoh 3, Tpex KMmMMOBMAMBX 4, 5, 6 u KÿCOPMAHO 7. DTA
KOCTH nowTE MCNORBHAHO CBASAMA MEX AY COGON, OOpasys saamor
sacrs cromk (narounyio). Oama ma 5rx rocreh (rapanas) coge
wena € OGCH3tH KOLTANM TOACHH H COCTABARET BMECTE € HUNK FOACHO=
rom eyeran.

87

Tinocna — epexnan uacrs eToms (renenowHas) — cosront u NATH
ynannenmux rpyGuarux Koctell ([—V), Kamıan M9 KoTopux OZ
KONIOM coeankena © KOCTAMH MPEAMMOCHE, a APYTHM—C nambue-
Bof yacroio cron, Tlambxenan tacr» cronkı pxmouacr 14 weßonume
ocronex, opasyioulax maes. lam, Kove Gonbuoro, COCTORT
Ma Tpex KOCTONCK, HAIMDACMBX Qananramm; GOMbIOR maneı Hacer
TomKo ADe daraitru,

Bee KOcTH CTONH coeaHHeHt Mexay coGof cucremoñ cnaaoK,
Koropbia om oÓvezumene B omo uenoe. UacTH CTOMM, NOABCp-
entisie GOMMOMY PACTAKENIO HAN AABACHINO, COCAMMEHA AYUDE
Passnreinm u Goes MOIIMSNH CBASKANH,

Cnocoënocrs oTaenbHbIx wacreh Crom nepememarben O2 OT-
xociremsno apyrofi oßecneunnaeren pasonroh mimeutoh cHeTeMOÏ.
Muni (HyCkyaı) COCTONT M3 AIHHHHX BONOKONEN, CoeAHNeNHLAX
5 outme TAH, MPHKPENIEHNBIE Mpx MONMOLLN Cyxokmanii CAM
XOMILOM X OAHOM, a APYTHN & APyrOÍ KocTH. Pacrm@xeHne y Coxpamte=
Me MB NpHBoANT D ABIOKENE OTAeMHME KOCTH CTOML m 0ÓeC=
esuoaer HX Baanwioe Mepementerme.

Pa6ora Muni OÓTEAMRETCA $ peryaupyeTen CAOMKOR HEpHOI
cucremol Hepssi crons OTAHIAIOTCA Gonsulol «Y BCTBMTEABNOCTANO;
On enocoGus: pearmpopam ua Maciefimee nmeinnee pasnparenne.

Tloaava crome nuvarenbasix MATepMazoD OCYINECTBARETCA CETHIO
Kponewocntix 4 IMMPATAMECKAX COCyAoB.

Crona nokphTa Koei, OA KOTOPOR B MecTax onopu umcerca
x6posio-xnposoH cao,’ cmaraaouma aap np nepenentenm
cron. Koxa saituaitaet’ Kory oT BHeMRAX noaneherani m nonpe-
axxenul, CAYAUT PeTYARTOPOM TeNAOOTAAN M ABARETCA OVENS BYB-
CTBITEMDMSINA OPFAHON DOCUPaSTTUA DHEHHX pasapaxcemuñ, Osta cIto-
COÓNA ovens ÓBICTPO DHAONIMEHATECH MOA DANINHEN TPEHHA y AABAE-
Hua, YTOAUNARCh, NoxpsiRagc MOZOAAMH $ NOTEPTOCTAMA

Koer ctomti pactooxeus tak, “To OHM OSpasyior HecKomko
TIPOAOABMHLX H LOUEPEMHUX CBOAOD, OCHOBAHHR KOTOPHIK CAYKAT TON
Kann OOPH pH WarpysKe Crom. ‘STH CUOAM HMeIOT OVEN BaXKiiVe
sHaHeHHe: OHM COOÓIIAIOT CTOME BOAMOMHOCTK BHIPMHBATE Ha-
Ypy3ky scero Tena, REANOT MOXOAKY MaaBHol, THÓXON m snacTHNHOH,
nperoxpaiinior Teno OT pésix TOMUKOD, yAapon m cOTpaceHHi. Baa
TOXAPR cnoeoSpasoMy PACROTOKENMO CBOAOB, HEPDH H KPOBEHOC-
HM COcYA TOM SAMLMLEHE OT BHELIMETO MARNE.

Tlouepxuocre cronbi pasGunaerca Ha 15€ HACTH — BPxIDOJO (roitb-
ny) m mwkmoro (unamrapıyıo) (pue. 54). Bepxung sacre cocronr
ua naxbuesoR uacrk J, napyaxnoro 2 m euyrpemero 3 myuxon, rpeOust
(noxvesa) 4, marownoli sacra 5. Hina nosepxiocte cTonsı (MOAONI-
veHHañ) u CUOIO OMEpCAL ACAMTCA Ha YacTH: MAMBUEBYIO 1, HapyR-
mh 2 m nnyrpemmmä 3 ma, üsrrouyio (naTKy) 5 x rerenounyio
sacre 4.

Vuuruean atarommmecxue OCOGEHKOCTU CTONM +e10DEKA N ee nasıa-
sexe, K pauto#am#oñ OGyen npexsmamor paa Tpebonanni, 0Gec.
NEW DARLINK HOPNANSHOE BMOMEHHe CTONON CROUX QYHKUNA.

OGys roma Gum xerxoñ 1 YAOGHOÏ ce pasmepa AOMKHB
COOTBETCTBOBATD pasMepam CTOME ‘K Me CTECHATD HOPMANIBMOTO. pas-

88

purma norn. Hocox o6ysH nome GuTs AocTaronno umpox 1 oßec-
newmsaT CROGOJUOS ADIIMEMKS N peLTHLINIYHIO abre, HCOGXORHMO.
8TOGH!. BepX OÓYBR MOTO OXBATHDAN DEPRMOID NOPEPXNOCTÉ Or,
Me OKHMAA ce me BHSKIBAR Gonesmemerx ompuemñ, Dopwa m
EIOMAND CTENBKH A-HIOTCH COOTHETETBEMHO OMOPtON ACTA CTONA,
O6yBb € Kabaykamın Mona HMETS ynpyryIo Yerokundyio rezeHKy,
cnocoGuylo BUNEPMUBATB ZaBTeMMe roms. Venrunan cbopwy
MATI, PENOMENAYCICA —B MATOMHOH NaCTH Tema Meaatb Yray-
Gene aan yaoómoro nowemerma nsrku. BuicoTa Kabaya He 207

Ana npepsmath 2-3 cx, Hat "ox JUDEA create. Janin Renaercn

a

vr nr
fs
El,

Pue. 54. Tonorpagmx cron:
= neporas (units) er = mesas (nasa) men

CHapYXH MIKE, UEM BHYTpH, TaK KAK HIPYAKUaM AOXBIMKA pac-
nonoxena Hue nyrpenteh. Bucora ero 10.1xHa ÓNITO HUE YPOPHA
JORHKEK, NTOOM YCTPANHTD BOSMOKHOCTS RABIEHER H OBpERTEHEA
cront mon aoabokKaNH, Marepuas, npiyensemuit An MSCOTOBACIN
OGyBH, nommen ÓNTE BMSCTHUNEN, BOAYXOMPORHIAEMBIM, MAZO BO-
AOMPONNNAENBIM, HMETD MO TENAOMPOBORMOCTE H OBIT METKUM,
TMpowinim M ELLE.

CHATHE MEPKH

Tip wunueonyambrolí moumexe canor cHaTHe Mepki ¢ Hor 3aKa3-
“KA MpOHSBOAWTCA CAMBM TUYaTembrrin 06pason. B cHATOM MepKE
AOMAME naht OTPAEHHC Kak PASMCPE, TAX M OCOGENOCTH CTOM
B pare enyiaes wepsy HeoÓxoAmMo cHHMATS € oGenx Kor, Tak Kak
MAÓMOXANOTCA CAYHAM paSIMNHNX CTOM Y OMHOTO H TOTO "Ke MUA
Y un, nMeoumx PAMCHMA MAH Kakke-anöo NOBPCXACHHA Hor, 1 0C0-
GentocrK cron, OÓNSaTEABNO cuHvars Mepky € oGenx Hor.

Flpnroronnenne x cmarmo MepkH. lipensapmremro He06KOUMO
SMACHITS, Kaktıe TpeÜonanns sakaswık NPEALHBMET K OEM, a TAKE
Janer, wer au y Hero noBpemAEMA Kor.

Jan csrin wepxn aapanee 2O2KHH Cuire npuroTos.teMst: mer
uncroR Gymara pasmepow 22 X 32 cM, Mepitan menra c een
(CANTHMCTPIA MAN urraxn) u Kapannanı © 3AOCTPEHHM KOHILOM,

Tlocxe ancnemmn TpeSonanı saxaswika nora ocBoGoxRaeTeR 07
o6yan. [lon ctyniio noaxmanınaercn mer GyMarH TAK, TOG € TPEX
CTOPOM Xpa Cro BUXOAKM Ha OAMMAKOBOS PACCTORHEE 38 KOHTYP

89

cronbi; kpal © derseproï cropomı ocrananeren Goaee umporun u na
Alex upoN3DOaATCH samen naMepenn TON.

Tlo BO3MOXHOCTH HOTH 3akasınka AOMKHE ÓBITO D TEX HOCKAX, KO-
TopuINH ON ÓYZET NORBIOBATLCA NPA HOCKE Cantor.

Ecan Xe Mepka cunnaerca € OGHaKeHHOR CTOM, HA HOCK HCOÓ-
XOAUMO AeNATS NPHOASKH K OCHOBHLIN paamepakt.

Crona cramurca ua GyMary Tak, “TOOK! TOMEN Horm saquMana
<rporo nepruKambioe nonoxeme e onopoh Ha crony. LenecooGpasno
TOAJOXHT MO AMCT OyMarH Kaproh TAKOrO Xe pa3uepa.

Busepausanme kontypa crom. Tlocne Toro Kak aakasınk sanan
HeoGxoAHMOe monomenne (CHET AOMKEH XOPOLO ocBemarb GyMary H
wiory saKaavaka), MACTEP onyeKaerca Ha page Koneno u O630NT
Wapannamıom Ha Oyware KOHTyp croms.

Pure. 85, Busepursdane xourypa eront

Kepangaut np 970% HSOÓXOANMO AepHATL Tak, “rot OK sauté
Xan CTPOTO MepnenaNky.rspHoe nonoxemne K Maockoeru GÿMarn.

‘Kowtyp cross puivepubaerca 5 Ana npHeva. OaHHN mpnenom per
Mepsubaeted OA MONOBMNA CHAR CTONE, APYTHX — STOPAR, PIM
Komme AHH KONTYPA CTOMEL OGeHX MONODME AOL COBMACTO
(puc, 55).

Hsmepenue croma 4 sauce pasmepos. Hameperme oxpy:kwocr#
AYSKOB IPOMIBORHTCA CICAYIOMUNM OÓPADOM: HIMÉPHTEMNAR seHTA
‘oruGaet cTony 5 nyakax Tak, “roÓM ora pacnomarazacs Ha nanóozee
snyknoË NacTu BHYTpeiHero nyaka m na ochosama ASHE (puc. 56).
OrnGaioman sacre meurs COBMEMACTCA C KOMIOM ee, ARAMOLLMER
xauzom semis. Ta undpa Ha JeKre, ¢ xOTOpoÍ connanaer HavambxBil
Koucu ee, # aBmerca ompezermomeñ pasmep nyskos. K sromy pas-
Mepy neaaeren npAÉABKA na HOCOK m Ha CROGOANOE NOAOMENNE nad“
ed cron 8 OÓYBI BO Bpeua XOR5ÓNL. Dra mpHOaBKa KOAeGTTCA 8
eax 3—10 xx. Okonsarenan uppa (uwecre ¢ npaGaskoë)
<IMICRIBACTCA Ha ACT OyMarH, ‘Sanitch MOMHO REMATb Kak m TOYKOX
<Nepellin, TAK H OTACABNO B HOCACAOBATEABNOCTE HIMEPEMAR COMA.

Gosiiieñ TOMHOCTA enecooSpaaHo MIPONSRECTA HaNepenne H Ha
JNacTKe, exeRHOM © BHYTPEHHHN NYKOM.

90

Lupa mamepena nyskos 8 stow mecre sanucssaerez Gea ApH

6aB0K.
"Min unepenna oKpyxXKocTH MPAMOTO nOABEMA | MepHTenbHY:o
enr HeOOXOAHMO pacnonoxur» Tak, “roGW ona mpoulna uepes

Pue. 58. Hauepenne nyuxos

‘TouKy Ha rpeGHe Ha cepenune CTOMH u B TeneHONNOR NacTH m Ha
Gonee woruyrom mecre (puc. 57).

K wıhpe, oGostavatoiltel OKpyxnocTb npaworo mOMBea, neobxo-
ANNO TaKKE RexaT6 NpNGABKy, Fémina KoTopoh saBKEHT or Pop
ron,

Yew Kpyue NoACDOAHaA seers cromst
(a renenowoh vacra), Tem mpubaoxy ne-
Ar Gonsie u HaoGopor.

exo » tox, sTo crona 8 resexouxoit
wacTH MAOTHO He nphreræer K CTEMbKE,
MeRAY MIMI MMeeTes 32307, KOTOPEÑ TM
Goawbue, sem Kpyue (Be) noacBoaHaR
sacrb cron.

O6ieinro 37a mpubanka koneßneren B npe-
aenax 5—15 uw. Pue. 57. Haueneune
Oxpyxuoem Kocoro noxsema (sepes npunoro nossa

Ay) HCOÓXOZHMO HSMEPITO Au PAIN >

Moro Ompenezemma pasmepa ronenmut. B atom caysae mepuresbian
MENTA MpoxoaHT wepes crHG Ton m HanGonce BLIRYKAVIO act
warm. wbpa, oGoswawaiouian weary OKPyAKUOCTH Kocoro
TogveNa, sarıleunaenen nocae HaMepeHHSI OKPYKIOCTI NpAMOTO
ronvena (pue. 58).

Jaune Hsmepeunñ ronenn HeoGxoanwEs nun YCTAMODACHNA pas-
Mepos TOCINA KaK 10 BHCUT, TK u 0 MIMO,

Hswepente Bhicorst romeniLia NPONROANTER OT MOBEPXHOCTA, AB-
amomeñca onopoñ Hawepæemoñ cTOH, AO usrHGa TOREHH B KONCHO
(one. 59).

EN

Tpannua wore ronenn y Kosena nepenochren Ha Goxonyto monepx-
nocrb rozema. B stofl TOuke aeHTa YCTAMaBIUBACTCA COMM Hama.
MM KORUOM # COAEM MALEN ORHOR PYKH MPIIAIMAETCA K Hore,
Bo uaGerkanne cwemenun. Kuerbio Apyrofi PYKH wena DBITATIBACTOA

Pare, 58. Hauepeune kocoro noavewa

XHSY u npuKHMETER K ONOPNOÏ MopepxHOCTH CTONM, Mocie vero
oruéxeTen coorvererayiouas undpa.

Illupua ronenuita Dnepxy HoMepactes B TON MecTe, OTKYRA name
panacs ascora roxewuna (pic. 60).

1
Puc. 80. Hauepenne sucotu Pue. 60. Mamepo
one FORME wsepxy,

92

Linpuna ronenuuta » sikpe MaMepaerca no manGonsuteñ oxpyxHOCTH
expe (pic. 61). Oxrospememto onpenensenen paccromme oT sto"
OKPYXHOCTH RO. TOUKH OIOPEL CON.

‘Banmcs momepemuh. Momepenne CromB 1 38mco pasmepon Heo6xo-
AuMO BECTH B HSAOKEHHOË BIE MOCACAOBATEIBHOCTA, ¿-

B npakrake mactepos NPHHATO BECTA Sach CHEAYIONUIN OÓpasoM
(one. 62).

Cooxy weprexa KOHTÿpa CBepxy BHH3 NOOMpERKO SANHCHBIOTEA
uudpu (E canTumerpax Han WTHXAX) B 1OCHAOBETEMINOCTÉ HIME-

Pure, 61. Hauezenne mnpunu ronennua
m pe

pein oxpyxnocren croms. Tlocae rmx unpp nposonures sepra. Tox
ei npousboaures samice NaMepennÄ rouen.

1) Bepxunñ pan: nenas uidpa oanauaer BRCOTY rozemmta or
onopst TOMA 0 Bepxkero Kana; npasan LHŸPA — O3Hasaer pasmep
voueimua y vepxnero Kasra,

2) Huximh page repas webpa ommamaer paccroamie or onopst
Croma 40 ManGoblueÑ OKDYAHOCTH Tonenn, mpasan umppa — pasuep
awGocibutell OXPyAItOCTA FORMULE Ha STO KE DUCOTE.

Aonoamnremnan sapuconka. Ha weprex xomrypa Croma ne06x0-
AMMO mamecrn ocoGoÍ sapHCOBKOH MMERLLNECK Ka cTome kaxue-mm60
ocubenHocra Ha OTKAOMEHNA OT MOPMAALNON CON (MO30AN, ONÿ-
om, pYGuH or pau iT. A).

Vxasannıl crioco6 OTMETOR Ha ULPTEAE He ABASETCA eanncrneit-
uw. On MOxeT Oro Dunonen pasta cnocoOann. BaxkHo sib
NR CHATHH MepKH ¢ aakaaınka YNECTs HMeIOMWMeCA Ha CTONE OTKAOHE-
MHA, AMA TOTO WTOGW TIPH NORÓOPE u NONFOTOBKE KOAOAOK HA COOT-
BETCTBYIOULHX MECTAX HX CREATE HEOSKOAHMBIE Menpanzeiit,

Tlocae cHATHA MepKH 10 KOMTyPY CTOMB onpenensercn pasuep
HCOGXOAHMMEIX KO10AOK. LR 9TorO olepHTerbHaA ACHTA MM AIDA

93

Koon commenteres ¢ manóozee BBINYKAOA YaCTHIO Konrypa cron
B nATKe H DBITATNDaETCA B nanpasremuu nocka. K unhpe, commezalo-
neh © TOMKOR B HocKe, HaNGodee YaanennoR oT HATOUHOË uacın, Ae-
aio npn6anky 8—10 mm, mam 1,52 wraxa (5 SasneMocri OF

a 277,73

antpumenser seu © mara

EEE

Armen Kents On epedenen pasta Bi

ER

ESE

sE

Pue. 62, Komyp eron u sance nauepenun

Qopuu eronsı x pacona Konoaxn). Honaa pena auecre ¢ npu6as-
Kofi m O3HaMa€T PaaMep KOTONOK, HA KOTOPHX HEOÓXOJIMO HOTOTADAN=
BaTb OÓYSb aHHOMy SaKasınky.

MOABOP H MOATOHKA KONOAOK MO MEPKE

Konopkn, na KOTOHX OyAeT MPONSBOMITECA NONNIBKA oÖyan, 101-
am Our TuleTeAbHO Npokepents, MOAOAARE NO MepKE H MPHTOTO-
BIKA K BUNOMEMIO NOCILAYIOMX onepanvi.

OakospemeHko Ha NO1OGPARHBIX HM MOAOTHAHHBIX KO/OXKAX AON-
ua CLIT OTPADKEIBI BCE XAPAKTEPHHE OCOGEHNOCTA Aamtoft CTONM,
HMeIIIIEÏ OTKAOMEHHA OT HOPMANIbHOR.

94

Bce st sonpocst woryT bre ycnemmo peuensr amb B ro
eaysae, ecm Mactep XOPOMIO a¥aKOM co crpoenHey cronsi, ander
TIPUS OTKAOHEHHA MANOR CTOM OT HOPMAMBMOR H MOCACACTAMA,
Dosakalouue np Pope OÓYDM, me Coorserersyioutel opus
ron.

Tin moaGope xoonok NeOBxoaumo nponepar» Hx hakrımeenyio
Amy, 7. €. YCTANOBNTÉ HOMEP KOAOAOK, TAK Kak oBosuauenimufi un
HuR. HoNep Me cera Coornercrayer ACMCTEMTONBIONY paaMepy
KoA020X.

Pue. 63. Onpexenenne xamuw cneza xoaozın

B nponecce noaSopa KONOXOX NACTO.MOATOMMIOT AMM wx 2 Gba
myto cropony nyTeM wapamenhfi HOCOWOR u nATONHOA nacreh KONO-
OK, # B MEMDIYIO CTOPONY — NYTEM CPESAHIA HAM MOAWHCTR D STHX,
Ke Mecrax, a LDPA, ODA HOMEP KOAOAOK, u OÓOHX CAYUAIX
ocraeren nenaweinoh.

Ilan yeranonnenna paswepa Konoaka Geperca pyKoi Tak, uroÓN ee
ene ma oGpauver: xepxy (pue. 63).

Hasampasil Koneit MEPHTEABnOR zen no MENTPY. CHA Konoakn
MOABOMITCA K #anGonee BLINYKAO waCTH HOCKA KONOAKN H YCTANABMN-
baeTea Tax, roGW MEPDOE JC-ICMME Havana ACUTH D TOMOCTH COL
110 € FpalbIo HOCOWHON WaCTH KOMMEN.

VCTANOBJCNHAR JEHTA YAEPKHBAETCA B TAKOM MONOMEMNN HETO=
ABIOKHO,

Tlonomenwe names KucTH pYKH, YAPAHBIOME Komary, Cae
Ayiomee: GoxboN mamen pacnomaraerca Wan THTOR m npiiumaer
ee K cHeny Kozonk B HOCOUHON YacTH, a OCTAMHBE NAMES YREPKH-
Bar KOMOAKY CO cropons Hocounoro Oyrpa. Kucrmo apyrok pyKw
KONOAKA YRCPRUBAÉTCA 3a ISTOMIYIO NacTs, MpHYeN MepwTerEitest
ONTA, COBMEILEHHAA ¢ HENTPOM CHAA KOJOAKM, CHTKA HATATHBACTER
D CTOPOMY HNTOMNOR YacTH À NpHKAAAUBACTCR K Tpaun NATAH B TOUKE,
HaGonee yaanennol or wocka. Plocae stor onpereaserca, © Kaki
Renewe Ha MepHTe/brod ACHTE COBNAAZET TPANb KOAOAKN B NATKE, M
rpowrimaerca nudpa oxo sToro xenenna, Ira umppa u HOKA-
BaeT AMMNY CHERS KOIOAKH B HITXAX, T. €. osHavaeT HOMep AAHHOÏ
KONOAKH.

95

Ecam xTMHA cnena KOAORKH He COOTBTCTBYET MepKe, CHATOË €
‘saKasuika, TO mam Óeperca Apyran Mapa KoOAOK, Han non rpeóyemal
MOMeP MOATOHAIOTCR KONOAKN mixafmero noMepa.

Kak npaswlo, NOATOMKY KOAOROK NO FAME u NO MOAHOTE CAeAyer
mpousnozitt Tak, TOOK pasnepi mx MOXHO ÓxuIO Gu yuezxuanre,
Tiponsnonuoe AIR TOR Wet HapalltiBaN#e KOxOxOK (0 naTOMUO!
MB Hocownoft MACTAX) COCTONT B TOM, TO KYCOUKH TLIOTHOR KOKH
Acreaesioro onysacta) npHKpenTMOTER 1 OÓPOSANOTCA HOXOM TaKHK
‚o6pasos, yroßsı Obisla coxpanena OcHoAKaR hopua KOAOAOK.

B xavectoe kpennresrell HCNOMSYIOTCA REPEBAHHNE mima. Man
Ay\ulero MIPHALTAMAA K KONOAKE IPIKPeNAAENaN KOKA AOIOKNA ÓBITO
‘pasarsena NYTEM yananKnert

Co cropousi caeaa KOmOAKH Hapauınnaevan KOKA cpesaerce 8
“yponeits € MOBEPXHOCTDO caeaa.

Pie. 64. Onpexesenve pasuepon xonoaex
8 nyakax

B npouecce NOATONKH KOMOAOK IPOMIBOXMTCA nepHoamvecKoe Hs"
epenne aan HX CACA.

Tlocse rpyGoit oGpaorki Hapautenbix ynacTKon KOMOAKH npons-
ROMUTA ONOHMATENBHAR OTACAKA HX PALINANEN, CTEKAON, HEKAAIMOË
Gymarol man nONOTHON.

Koraa nex KoJonoK NONOTHAH, Me.1al0T MOATORKY HX NO MOMKOTE,
DTO nocruraercn TOM, YTO HA KANMDR, BLOM TpeOHA ik, HAKAAIDIBA-
JOTCA MSTOTOBACNMEE HI CTEACAMOÑ KOMH ACTAMM, HMEIOLLMC opMy
anna B paamepnyrom BHXE. On DÉMO HASBNOTER Joan

KO:MMECTEO 4 PASMEEL IHUNROR, MPHKPENAAEMBIK K KOIOTKE, Sant
car OT uesmaHtii TPeGYENOrO YDEAHNEHNA TOTO LIU HHOTO Pasmepa
aber, NYUKOR nah MOR»ENA) KONOAOK.

Tipuxperigemne suwtHok NPOHSBOAHTCA AEPEBAHHHNN LNAABKANMK.

Ipixpenenibie AMunnKH MOAPeSADTCA WON 19 TeX Mop, noka

B Mannox MecTe pasMep KonOAKH ne OyAeT Conrnercraobarh Tpeöye-

momy no mepxe. TIpoDepKa pasmepos NPONSBOAHTCA TAKKE HIMEPITEAL +
Molt nenrof,

Onpezerenne pesnepos KOAOAKH 5 nyakax H3OGpaxeno Ha Pic. 64.

96

Mipn monroe Kozon0K, HoMep KoTopstx Gonbure, sem rpeGyeutai
mo Mepke, D ueppyi) ONEPEAD HeoÓXOxHMO GpaTe AIM ymembue-
Hna pasmepon Te KONORKH, Y KOTODHX AMeIOTeR Napamennt, TAK
Kak KONOKH B 9TOM Cily¥ae He HIMEHAT CBOCTO NCPBONAWAIBHOTO BAA
u pasuepa

Tlocme nonronku mponepseren nenpannoct» Ko-10xok. Ocoßoe zn.
axe AomKHO OBIT OÖpauteno Ha TO, TOÓS! B NOOÖPAHNBIK” KOJOA=
Kax ce OrDepetua OT DOJaeh Gui SALAM, TPAuM He Maren Ka
KHX-00 BLOOHH, BbixDaTon m APYTHX Hepopkocreil. Ocrapınnecn Ha
HOBEPXHOCTH CANA KOAOLOK ACPCBAMMBE MIMHABKK OMAK OBITS
TIMATEABMO CAEN, ATOM OMH ME MUA TLIOTUOXY HPHITAHMO
crezex,

Jasını, YACPANBALOINS KAUNBA OT CMEMLEKHA B CTOPOMY, ROMANA
Gum, uenpaurems.

Beam rpm o6Mepe cronst u CHATHI MepKit Gan oÓnapyacemer Ka-
kne-1H60 OCOGeHHOCTH (BHMYKAOCTA KOCTHEIX CYCTABOB, MOZO: 4 AP.
Ha KowoaKax AEABOTCH HEOÖKOANNBIE HapautetinA € NOCACAYIOMIEÁ NOA-
FOHKOM Wx AAR monysenma POPME KOAOAOK, HaHGosIee NPHÉAMKAI.
uuxes K Qopme crore.

Oxonsareabiio HOAOFHAHREN, HENPABTCHHDIE H nposepeHiste KO-
soak OWIIAOTCA OT Nanero NUM H FDA, Moczie «ero Ooxoan
HOBEPRHOCTS HX B HOCOMMOR K MATOMOÑ ¡ACTAX czerKa NPOTHPAETCR
mapaquuon an Tamkon. Ha 3TOM MOATOTOBKA KOJOROK saKaHan-
naeren.

7 omens opuepers canoe

Faasa X
MHCTPYMEHT JJIA PYYUHOFO MPOM3BOACTBA OBYBH

Tips noue OGyBM mpunennercn Gonsuioe Kormaecreo pasamos
Horo MO CPOCMY HasHavienitio HHCTPYMENTA, MEOÓXOMHMOTO AIR PATIO
HEHHR MHOTOMCHEMAHX OMEPauIIÄ.

NOWHBOYHBIA HHCTPYMEHT

Hoxu. B pyunon mponanonerne oSyeu HOKH npuwenmoren:
a) ANA packpon KeCTAHX Kom;
OÍ nan Packpon MATKIX Kon 1 TeKeTun
B) ana ornenounsıx onepauall.
B cooTDererBuN € NABHANCHNEN HOXH Pasnyaorca 10 Pope m
paawepa (puc. 65). Marepuanou aan MEX CAYAMNT CTA: BHCOKOTO
Kauecrna.

Pane. 65. Roxx canowı

(a aan puckpon MACIAS wow 5 — an onto neat:
Stir pocipoe meet nox"

B o6uxone acto aan naroronzennn voxel HCNOABIYIOTCA, 0ÓOM-
ki momepeunsix mtn man Koc.

Man packpon ReCTKMX KOMEDEMILIX MATEPEANOO INPHMCIMIOTCA
HORM C RepeBAHHOA pyukof. Pemyınan KPOMKA TaKoro Hoxa uMeeT
AyrooGpasayio dopuy.

Ana noxa 9—10 cx, umpuva 2,5—3 em, ronuuma 2.0—2,5 ma.
Hepesannan pyuka COCTONT na ABYX MOOBIHON, CKPENTHHEX MEM AY
coboñ npu roMow Tpex uumunex. Hanna pyaxn 10—12 cu. Jlnamerpaa:
Gomumf 3,0 cM, menbumh 2 cx. Tlonepxkocrs pyaı rraakan.

Hox aan pacxpon marxux «ox (saxpoibil) mpencranamer coGoR
naockyio auHefiky, OAHN KokeL KOTOpO cpesan 1 oÓpaayer yron

98

B 12—15% Jim cpesa mamerca messnem. Pasweps noxa
1,0 X 10,0 X 200,0 us.

Inn ynoberna paGorm saxpohnsik nom neraraneren m weraau-
weckyio pyuky, Mareioluyo Toaummy cremox 0,75 mw. Ha Konuax ux
PANAMA ABE TAACTHHK An BEMHUMPANHR BHHTA, SaKperamomero.
xox. Tpann py'kH sarzaxHpalorcs, a NOBEPXMOCTE ee OÓTATMBACTCA
onoil Komeh.

Hox zan pyumex paóor np nommnke o6yen (oÓpesxn Goxopoñ
MODepxHocTn Ka6aYKoB, ypesa noxowBsi) mpexcrasaser COGOA nao-
cxyio auneñky pasmepom 1,5X250 MM. Kpañ Hoxa cpesaetea non
yra0w a paccroaman 6065 Mu oT xouua H Saoerpaeren.

Pie, 68, Hncrpyucnr ana npaven nomeñ:
rompen: € exa

Han yaoGersa paGor nox na % am oGrarisaeren Komel,

Tounaonsıh uncrpyment. [Las touKn HOXEÏ PHMENSIOTOA CNEA +
Rete TonnabhMe Kann. HaxGonee PacupocTpanennsim u oSuexocryn-
HEIM ctlocoGom ABARETCA TONKA Ha KPYTAOM MEAKOSEPHUCTOM
necaanom rounae. Towa nponsnoAnTen Ha yrmammenmol no-
BÉDXHOCTH.

BATOWCHMBIC MOIN MOAMPABIRIOTCR HA CMEUNAADINEIK OCEAKAX, pH
‘eax mau cramxax (pue. 66).

Tips npanxe Hoxa Ha OceAKe MOBEpxocTe ROCTEANETO NOKPEBAIOT
TOHKHN COEM MACza. Ocenok 8 9TOM CAyuae, AIR YAOGCTEA ALPACA
D PYKAX, saxeaunaior B AEpeBAHNyID KONOAKY,

DONE MECHAHBIK TOT MPHMERMIOTEA TaKKe Max NAME M
kapOdpynaosme meaxosepuncrue GpycKH

Oce AKI ANA npanku ses0uii COCTOAT M3 ME-IKHX SEPEH KRapıta, CO-
exumenmarx mexay COBO uewentrom. [yum CHHTAIOTCR TAK Hasbi-
BaeMBle apKANIACCKHE cea

T pu de. npeacrannser coGof crepxens € KoMLaMH Konmeckofi
opus, Haroronmenuä $3 aCMANOTO casa.

HanGomuce npumenenne aan npaukn woxell HMEIOT Tax mask
maeume cTansım, Ou MPEACTARANOT COGoR Tanne CTepAH
Unannnpnueckofi DOPMBX € F:122K0 OTMO:IMPOBAHHOÍ MOBEPxHOCTHIO, AL
Holt 20—25 cu u rommunoñ 10—12 ww. pn oreyrerann Cranbki 3anon-
ekoro NpoHSBORCTBA ee HATOTORAMOT MS MpHilteAMINX B HETOHOCTS
HanuinbHiKos. Jan STOR went peGpa ux saTaausaioTeR 10 ope 1
ammapa u roampyiores.

cae, Tip nponsponcrse OÓYBH noabsyiores KNELAMN pasıroli
Konerpykunn. Jan SATHKKH MIPUMENRIOTCR KE ULA COMME Ca

” 99

NowHBIe © MAPAXICIBNENMN NAOCKOCTAMH TYOOK H KAMA © AYTO:
o6pasmoñnaockocresw ry6ox (kacum <uyuxa») (pue. 67
Ha paGoxelt nonepxnoctu ryGoK KE An sysMeTO nepkamisı
HAA MPH SATAKKE Hacckaiorcn ayÓbA. 3y6 CANOË Maockocın np
SAKPLATEIX KACLOX HOMKEN MOMEMLATECH MEXAY ABYX SyÜben Ma Apy-
Toit naockocrH.

ZZ ER

Puc. 67. Sarsmuue wzeum mpewe Pic. 68 Baraxuue aer pura

Kaema € usornyrumuryOkamm HNEIOT ynop aan ÿAOG-
ersa paGoru. Mpennynecrnou 31HX Kaeıneh MAMETCA TO, YTO npi DM
‘TarHBAHHM MATépHTA ETO AMLO AYUINE CORPAHRETCA MPH JATsKKe, TO-
STOMY MATKHe, TOHKHE TOBAPMI (ONOEK, eBpo, AaK H AP.) aye Sars
TUBaT TUNA KACULANA.

Pue. 69. KaeuyrocrporyGuu Due. 70. Texconep

Kaeum-oerpory6usi (pnc. 69) cayxar 148 srackipauua nu eye
cuwama roosael. Jan rofi KC ucan CAYHHT Tak naasinaensi Tex.
conep (pue. 70). B10 meranaiecku
crepxenb, Y KOTOPOrO Ha OANOM KoHe
Hacaxena’ Aepenaninen DYKONTKA, & apy-
Toi Koweu useeT npopest.
Tip onirackneanwa rBoszeh 8 sty
npopess mowemaerer ummana TOI.
Monorxu. B oÓYBrOM nponanonerne
FPANEHAOTCR MOAUTKH TPeX BHZOZ
7 (ac 71)
Monorok Ges pyuxm On
Henoasayeren npu watoaKeian JaruGOu
HX Omepanwil NP MoWHDKe SArOTOBOK.
MoxotoK € pyuxol MATH
npitveitmetes MA MIMO INEA Bcex pa6or,
TpeÓyioumx YRapoa: pu OKONOTKE, 32:
TmkKe, seme Taoazeii u umnnex. Pa:
Gowen’ “acre cocrour us Gofikosot
(ocnobua paGouan Aeram) u xpocroboi
HacTeh; NOCICANAR CAYKNT AIR Pasar

Pac. TL Honors cancun
CR ST

100

Horo poza onepaunll no pasrsaKHBaMio (ua, tana MeCTKUX xeraneñ,
SaKOOTKH GOKOBOH NOBEpKHOCTH, KAGAYKOB u 7. A).

Mozoronc pyuxoA Goabuiol mpuwenerea aan nungna-
Anbanna (ynaornenum) Mectkux Koaerauch.

B xavecrBe ONOPS NH BBKOMANABAHNN KOMH CAYAUT Meractinae-
KAR MAkTKa € PTAAKEMH PaOounmn MOBEPxHOCTAMH. Paaweps TK
21% 150x300 wat.

Cheakw. Cpeaann HassıBalmTca HHCTPYMRTH, KoTopue npivenn-
IOTCA ANA CPESERIA Komm Ha TEX YNACTKEX, Pe HEDO3NOHO NOMSO-
BATECA COLMENA ROMAUH,

Maa o6pasonaims croca panra cayÑmr partomam cpesna, Ko-
1opan mpencrasaser cOGoH y3KyIO MeTALIMECKYIO JeHTY TOAMLHOR
20 1,5 un amparo 8—10 mir.

Ha ontom Kone epeska satovera, pues sunua AE Hanpa-
BACHA oA VrAOM K AHHH MponomBHOH EL.

Tlesune ne AOXOANT AO apyroro peOpa CpesKm; Hecnyuremas vaca
ee D Dune Yeryna ABAAeTcA Henpasaromeñ np paGore.

Caos seu xpaem YCTYT ABIKETCA no sHeBOH CTOPONE Ma-
‘Tepiaza PEAOXPAHET ero OT nospex rem.

Cpesxa ana npowBu o6sivHo eiaeTeR y HepaGouero konua canox-
noro woxa. Y OXNOTO M3 peep HOMA TPEATPANNLM MARMALIMROM
Tponmambaerca Bbipes, CON ma-ner B Tee Hoka. DTOT BHPES
HMEET ocrptie peGpa, KOTOPHMH N cpesaerca npomBa.

Cneunamro ycrpoemmbre CpeskH LAR MPOMBEL uMeIOT TakOÏ Xe
Bupes Ma KOHN METAMIMUCCKOFO cTepknn; ApyroH Koren SOTO
CTEPRAR sanenan B Aepenamnyio pykosTKy (pic. 72).

Pare, 72, Cpcanm:

= ave open pom 6= Ann open poa

Mucrpymenre nan oGpasosauna pucca

Puce-annapar juan Hanpeskn piicca npencrananer cobol Meranamie-
cexuli HHCTPYMENT, Y KOHLA KOTOPOTO € HXeÏ CTOPORH np¥BHHUEHS
JanKa-orpamuereb. VImpancs 8 yPe3 MOOMIBA, lanka Nanpanuner
pucc-ammapar. Jlanka nepexsuraercs, MOSTOMY päceronmie MARY
TPAMBIO MOROLIBE H ANKE HaAPsKH pucea No Keane MEET OUT

101

yuensweno mau ynermueo. Ha on#om yponme ¢ nankoh-orpauaute-
Jem TIPIBMICIMBACTCA HAMPABARIONAA nnacrmxa HaxOICS na aunenoh
MOBEPXHOCTA Y Kpag MOROS, Oka OGeCREMBAT NOCTORIMOS MONO
eue annapara, Mexay manpapastomen naacrHHKoR x nankol-orpa-
ImSNTeTeM, CKPeNAEHHBIMH MEMAY COGOR cKBOSHLIM ÓOATOM, Baar
nom.

Tlo omomemao K nnocroern nanpannmoineli nacrapku may dankt“
orpanHanTeta NO HAXOAHTOR non yraos, pam 45°. Amina HORA
MoMeT PETYANPOBATECH B IABHCHNOCTH OT TOME NoAOMIBE (pc. 73).

Pue. 73. Pucc-annapar Pue. 74. Kpouok aux meaodze-
mn pncca

Kpiowox ¡11% Keroßnennn pucea npeactasnaeT cool Meranmnue-
CK CTEPALENB, Koen KOTOPOTO Sakalunmaerch TpyOKofl JuaMETpOM
1,5—2,0 u. Tpy6xa nsoruyra. Anna ee 10—12 vs, roma crensu
05 ma; sacre 3TOR Tpy6KH Cunay cpesams, a KOH ee saocTpeHD.
Jpyroï koweu crepautn yxpennen B RepesnuHol pyxonrke (pue. 74)

Huerpymenma aaa npoxosos ormeperui

Bo Bcex neranax, MoAMemaNWHX cxpenzenmo mpmkei han Aepe-
BANKLIMH HIMHLAKAMH, MpeABAPATEABEO AEAIOTCR DPOKOMB OTBEPCTH
B aux mponyckaeres npaa Han saGuomorer wnuabxn, Ans npokonos

Orweperni npineunioren pao-
AAA JUAN MAA, PAMMEPEL Hs
op Koropux aunucar oF
do six nasmauenan (pue. 75).
Tipamue mass. B ocnos-
— HOM 9TH LA HPHMEHMOTOA
Sa AMA MPoKOJOR OTPPCTHA B
BeCTRIX AeTanaX musa (no-
Rowe, nouer) npn mx
npipenaenim. Ox naakına
DTA nakomoukaun u
Dopurukawx
Uluzo npencrenaser coGoñ rpanemh mereanmecxuh creparenn.
13 xopoweli era, Out KOKEU CTEpXHR sa6upaeTeR B TeIO AepeBat-
Holt pyxonTkn na 30—35 mu, apyroit asameren pagoueli sacriio una
4 mpenerananer ero ano ‘€ octpum Komnom. Hlomepxmocre ania
garanunæeren Tak, TO oTvepeTH Or mporoma HNCAN QOpuy
pora,
102

Pue. 75. Mina

yuu Ha MOBEpKHOCTA "NINA. OSzeraaloT npoKansınanne Komm.

Terma romana uaa onpenennoren PasMEPAME tpuennewux
RepeBAHHLIK ames,

Ye@eubulenne Juin UNA np PAGOTE ROCTHTATCA namınsınanmen
Na ao KYCOIKOB KOXH, KOTOPHE OTPARMUNBALO? rAÿOHHY npoKoza,

Kpuowe unas. Zan vcex ocrazeitix BUZO paor, coavainix €
Upiwenenven KOMONIErO HHCTPYMERTA, NpHMENMOTER IINASA € Paanı-
Hof, KpHBHsRON.

Kpunoe nace LIMAO — AIR CTAYMDAMAA FOEHHU, CTPOUKH 30)
u noAumEx« puyrpemmx peuneñ (MarKHX xamnacon).

KpuBoe Gombuloe muao— AK BUIMBANER paHTo

Kpowe TOTO, man STOR xe Omepaunn MPAMEHMOTCK MIDA € KPH:
BusHOR He Dero CrépXUA, a TOAKO OCTPRA ero.

Lllmao-xpionox — AIR MPMUINDANNA MOAONB P reneWouniol wacTi
Ocrpme TaKoro ulna HNeeT saTONKy sOMATONKOA, peOpa KOTOpOË Ha
HpABEH BOA ann CTPOSKH.

¡os

Puc. 76. Pyusa an unas Pue. 77. Pyaxa aaa ua Dnwronsa

Lllnao-kpiox0K — A. IIPMUIMBANA MONOMIB K paurau D ocTaaBHOM
«acta. Oerpue sroro ina meer saTOMY Takıke xOMATOTKON, peöpa
Koropoll Wanpasnewsi MIONepeK AAN CTpONKH.

Y OÓOHX BHAOB 9THX MINNSEB CTEPAHH MSOTHYTA TOABKO Y KOMUOS.

Jus yaoGersa pa6orst mepaßonan Macri uniabes s2ÓnbaeTca B Aepe-
Danne PYIKH, paaMepst KOTOPHX NOATONRIOTCA NO PyKe.

Tlo xoncrpykunn PyaKK ana lumbes (un epeNKH) OuBaIOT AByx
Bmno:

1) mpocrue e Merananueexnn nakonennnkaun (puc. 76) u

2) puwrosue — TAKME c HAKOMCUNIKAMN, HO nepaßovan uacrh
D PYKORTKY B WHX We IAÓMBACTON, a BCTADAREICA D HABMNTODAN-
HyIO euapyan TPYÓKY, Ha Koropyio nanmwunnaercn rafia. lan san“
Manns Ulilta IMPAMERAIOTCA cneuansHne Bamba (puc. 77).

Hanuaiuxu. Touka LHALRD NPOHSBOANTCH KanuabinKastt, KoTopsie
mpeReran.mıor coGok CTAMNYIO MOAOCKY C ABYMA HAM TPEMA LAOCKO-
eran. DIOBepxHOCTE HX HMSET Meciky0 HapeaKy:

a) OXMNAPEYIO, Koropan MACET una HEMPCPbIBISIX ocTpEX 3YÓReD,
way mapaaneasıo oni K ApyTOMy;

6) nuoñay:o — peópa ayOen nepecexaiores.

Tío seausiie napessu wants nonpastenmoren Ha:

a) Apatenuie e Kpynuof mapesxoñ nan rpySoii Grp

6) Auanse 4 IMEI AJA saTOUKH NAC,

Paumuan Ímpencrapnsior COGOR METALIMMCIOE noockk € MOBept-
SOCTAMH, TOKPHITAIMH PeAKINM ayhaun PASAMINOR BEA,

103

Pannant cayxat man rpyOoh oGpaGorku Gokonoh nopepxnocrn
Kabaykon m ypesa oxouBM Mocae OGpesKH HX momom (pic. 78).

Pue. 78. Hannes x paumnan

Jaa cepexenns m npexoxpaxentin OT Hop HanAASHRKE Heo6-
XORIMO OUT OT HA M MEIKOÑ CTRYMKH MeTanAHYecKOit

merxoil.

OTAETOWNBIA HHCTPYMEHT

Hucrpyment aan xonoAnoh oraeaKn

Flosepxnocrs, NORIEMALIAN OTACAKE, MOKET NOMPOBATHCA HNCTPY-
MeHTOM, HSTOTOBACHILIM 33 ACPCBA TBEpALIX MOPOA: AYÓA, AGTOHH,

Pac. 79. Muerpyuenr aaa
Xoagawon oraeaun

xaena m 1. m. K Srony mcrpyuemy
OTnocsTeR: nepenannue yMent, TOK-
asu, ram (pue. 79).

Hncrpymenr aus ropaseñ noaupoaxn

Moa Tanımesannn oraenipaemoh
MOBEPXKOCTN, PannoMepnoro pacnpe-
MIN BOCKA H HaHeCeHHA PHCYHKE
Wa panTsa m OTBOAKH CTPOWKK mpHMe-
HAOTER METAAIMMUECKE OTREAOHRLIE
Anerpymenmu.,

Panronoe Koaecnko — weranmue-
cexnit CTepeits, ma Kowtte KoToporo
cuoGoxuo Bpaulaerch | yspennemmoe
KOMCHKO C syGuaNH, pu name
OCTaBAMOLIHNN OTTHCK Na nOBepx-
mocru patos. HepaGowwi Konen
Crepmna sakpennen B Aepenanmnoh
pysKe,

Toxnasuxu — AI MOANPOUKH GoKoBo! TOBEPKUOCTH xKaGayKon,
nosepxHocTH HaGoex m nonows. PaGovas MOBePKHOCTB TOKMaHKOR

raankan (puc. 80).
104

bymean (nc, Sl) — ana ormensu nonompe no Topuy (ypesa).
PaGowas 1OBepxHOCTS HMEET PASAMUNYIO OPMY, KOTOPAR Bocnpnun-
MACTCA OTACAMBACUON NOBEPAHOCTEIO MOAOLIDI NO TOPUY-

Pine, 80. Toxuaumen

yuean meio caeayioune nassanuın:
a) ypeaums — ax nomposkn ypeaa MOJOMIBA
6) KaNTOSHIK— IA MOMPOSKH MOXOIMBE B TexenownoN vacTH;
B) KaGayunnill — ann OTRCAKH KaGayKa.

Pure. 81, dyuenn

Taaaıana — veranmmuecnh Kpyranth CTEpxen AIR mommposiit
oxpauenux 110201».

Orsoaka — npxuewsercx AM oSpHcoBku HN CTPOYEK H HUILE.
Padoueñl MacrHo ee mnnneren men0GoK c ABYAR TYTENN peOpant,
Koropwe OCTAÑASIOT CACA B BHXE AHHHA NO OGeHM CTOPONAM crpouKn
au npouvu (pue. 82)

Pue. $2, Orsoaxa

Hucrpymenrs: Jaa O4MCTKH CTEABKH oT inunex

BexpeGaaka — aa cpesauin DEICTYTIAMOMLAX man NOBÉPXHOCTHO
creme konnon umnnex. Paßouan NoBepxHOcTs ee HMeET HACEUKY, Ko-
‘Topoll npoussoaures cpesarme wnuzex. HepaGowkÉ KoHeu Buickpeßann
sakperen » yAanırennoft Tepessiniof pyuke.

rr aan yanacnna mar
aucune, 6 mucrpesno

BucnpeGhoñ Gypas — Aas owcrKH OÓYDH OT DEICTYnaruex uni“
ek Ha Cremkax » narounoA nacın. TlonepxHocrs ero nueer ay6usi,
cxogamueca y uewrpa. Ha HepaGouaf Koheu CTEPAMR hacamnnaercn
Aepessunian PyKORTKa, KOTOPOÍ noassyiorcn ak Gÿpagou (puc. 83).

OTAEN TPETHA
TIOLIMBKA OBYBH

—

Taasa XI
BBIKPOR AETAJER OBYBH

Packpolt oynuix Marepnanon ia orxensriite erm oGyax — opa.
ua orperersennefumg onepaitnit oßyBnoro nponsponersa. TIpasiusoe
Brinoawemme ero TpeÓyer yuera paña yeroBui: 1) rpeGosanmh, npexs-
ABARCMAX K OTREMBMEIM_RETA.TAM; 2) COCOGOB NOIMBRH H HOCKH OGyBH:
3) ocodennocreñ päckpannsensiX Marepnanor; 4) NEOSKOANMOCTH
SKOHOMHOTO PACXOAOBAHHR STHX MATEPHANOB.

Tax HanpuMep, mpd packpoe Kom NOKASATEMH, xapakTepusyiouue
HAOMOCTÉ, MPOUNOCTB, TOMMAHY, TATYTCCTO, OKI Guns yurensı m
YBR © HaswaveHWeM BRIKpambaeMbIX xetase m mx paGoTOR npH
Rocke o6yaH.

Texınika packpon OGYBIMX marepnanon CHOANTCA K npaBuaHoMy
pacnonoxemmmo na wx MonepxvoerH woneneh (ma6nonon) u BLIKpOIO
110 STRM MOAEAAM HEOGXOAHMEX RETANA 06BR.

TPEBOBAHHA K AETAJIAM BEPXA OBYBH H MPABHJIA PACKPOA

Heraxm ana sepxa OÓYDH pasnenmorca Ha Kapymnbie u BHYTpeH-
mue,

Hapyæumm HASsIBAIOTCE BCE Meran Bepxa, BRMMMIe CHapyAu
» oöysn, maneroh na wort. K uapyXuuM ACTANAM 5 CAMOTAX OTHO:
EATCA roma m nepexa.

K BHYTpeHHHM OTHOCATCA Te Tan, KOTOP:E Pacnooenst
© BHyTpeuueH CTOPOMM sarorosox canor, T. €. GyTOpa, HORMAPARA,
Puyrpenme peur.

B neo Xe neTanavn Bepxa HAstIBaloTcA Te, KoTOpHe B Hanerof
oGysi' saxpuisaior. MOBEPAHOCT FOJCHH H TOM, 3a HEKMONCUMEN
moaoumenuoi acta,

Handonee orsercrsentisiwn xeransu nepxa canor ABAROTCA Nepena.
Marepuan ana unx nomken oGnanaT» HCOGKOAMOË TAry¥eCTHIO (Yau
HeHmeM), "TOOK, BO-MEPBEIK, H3 MADCKOTO OM MHKT POPMY KOAONOK
pH 3aTAMKe; BO-BTOPHX, OR AOmeN ofecreuTs yeeunueHne BHYT-
pennero 0Ótema OGybil BO BPeMA xoXsÓ1, KOrAa OÛLEMNUE pasmepi
<Tons yBennunnaroren. Onkako Tarynecth He NOMANA ObTb UpeaMep-
HO, Tak Kak 910 CDHACTEMCTEYET O MAOXOM KauecTae KOKH.

107

Kpowe raryuecri, Matepia.t Aaa uepeaos Aomken OGaanar, Take
AOCTATOMOÑ NATHOCTHIO M NpOHACTHIO, “TOON E TOTOROR o6yaH ON
Mor JUINTOPHOS BPEMA COXPAHATÉ cBOH SKCTLOATANMONENE CBOACTB

Marepuan IA Bepxa AOJKUI OÓNAMATO AOCTATOMOR npouno-
CTBIO ma, UTOÓM ONO He paapyltaock OT MESHAMTETEX MEXAHH-
seckx nosneherenf (yaapa O TBepaie MPEAMETE HT. 1).

K MarepHaraM, MPHNEHAENLIN AA FOAEHL, TAKE HPEXBALAMOTCA
cepsesute TeGonainis. B mponecce SKCNAOATAUAN roseta pk HH
Mann m HANEBAMMA CAMOT HCMBTEBALOT Sombie PACTATABIOLH
Youaws, BCACACTBME vero MA HuSKOR npownocru out Önerpo paapy-
iaoren.

Coraacno CTANRAPTY, AeTanH KPOA AIR Bepxa CANOT BHKPAHBEIOTCR
H3 XPOMOBHX OMOÑKA, BBIPOCTKA, NONYKOKHHKA_H LIEEpO.

Tiepena nuxpaunaioren ms wenpawix uacteh Komm.

Toma nepenon RoOmKna Gurb ne Meme 0,9 MM H He Gore 1,6 wat

B nepenax nonyckaioren:

2) oma 8 noaynape nopepxnocruan wapanına auto 10 m, 1e
saxepawomtan ACPMEL KOCH Ha KPBLTBAX MEPEROB;

6) caaGo Buipaxexan KHMCTOCTE, He XAIOIMAR MPOBANOB;

3) Monounsie monocı

) OTMBM, T. €. HOIMAWITCABNAR MOPLINAHCTOCTS AIEBOTO C708,
He OTcrapOnıtero oT nepsı, OGKAPYAHBACMER mp npoße Ha HarH6;

A) XOPOLIO sapocume’ HCIOMAIOULMECA U MECKyUeHUBIE YKYCU
HACEKOMBIx MA OCHNHLI B BAe menux TOUCK (5 Bepxmeñ ACTA
nepenon ocnit 0 10 UITyK m ykycon Haoekonsıx 10 15 MTY, 13 MX
5 Kocounoh yacın ne Gozee 5);

€) mopepxtocritie Gesawtutix, He saxepeloiine AepMit KOA cca
MBL, AHSYXa H NORTHCTAN, KOPOWO SACNAMIEE Ha KPBLISX Mepenon,
oéureh noma blo 10 0,25 cx;

X) npOLOAbHE MONPESH € ÓAXTEPME — B BepxheÄl wach MepcnoB,
rayOwnoh ne Óoxee 14 Tom KOH ammoii no 25 MM;

3) onwoGoxocrs mepenos 10 0,3 ma (pass 8 TOmMIMHAX cropor
aeraneh npk COXPAHENMK MUMMAMA:SMOR TOM, NpeAyeMoTpeHKON
CTANRAPTOM).

Tonenmma aan canor BSIKPANBAIOTCA M3 Koxn TAKIM O6pas0M, TO
LCpXNAA sacre HX MOMCT ÓLITI DATA M3 MOM, CCA OMA AOCTATOUEC
naorun.

Tommuna rozemt noma Okt ne MeHee 0,8 mx x He Gone
1,6 aD Hu acra, a B Bepxneil vacra He MeHee 0,6 Mu m me
Gone 1,4 un.

B rozenmuax aonycxawres

a) amiuestie noBepxkocrume uapannuss He Gone Tpex ome am-
Hof 0 60 MM 8 monynape;

6) amuessie Mopoxit, He sarparunaionuie epmu KOXH (nonepxno-
crue Gesanunını, ca, MOAYHCTKA, NsyXa, XOPOILO sameaHEBie,
o6meñ nomameio 10 1,0 eM? D nonymape);

B) yAycht HACEKOMBX B BANE OTICABMNX TONER B HEOrPAMNNON
KOMMUCCTBE, KOPOLIO sapoculue, HCIOMAÏOIHeCA OCIHHM B HecKyuen-
nom sine (B sepxueñt “acri rosewmm AO 30 uryK, D mae aacrit
20 20 um);

108

1) © Bayrpemueh cropois KO Kopouio sapocume poros, py
uni, He ABOMWe CAAKH JOA m He MONARAOLLNS NOX CTPOWKY A Bepx-
nell sacta rozenmn ATHHOH 10 30 MM:

2) XHMCTOCTS, He OGpasyloulan npoBanon;

e) moroune none;

2k) oTayınmerocrb (KPOME nyxioern) B vepsueii wacru;

3) Xopowo paaraameunan BOPOTHCTOCTE NA YCAOBHN, ITO creme
CKAAROK wanpanaens MO AAHKe FOMÉHHUX MAH NO AMATORAA;

#) nonpesn © Gaxrapme rayOnnofi me Gonee 14 Tom Koma
5 nmel sacra rozenmu c oÓmen amuoli ao 30 Mu, a B Bepxnch
actu no 100 xa

x) onmoGoxocTs 20 0,3 MM (pasHtua B ToJmumax cropor aerarıch
ME Coxpanennu MAAANaABHOR TOMAN, MpeAyeMoTpeHKoH crautap-

2) craxxa anna.

pour nunpahsseren us xpowonsix xox, wenn TOY
uM.

yropa 1 monapsau BEIKPAMBAIOTEA 3 Ko xpowonoro, pacru-

‘TeaBHOrO M xpoMo-pacTHTeMbHOro AYÖNEHHA, KPAUIEHLIX H Hexpautie-

HHX, HO OTAEAAHNDIK (€ TOLIERBIM AHLOM).

Torumna duxpocumux Aeraneh Low Cure:

a) dytopa — 8 maxwell sacra 0,8—1,5 wut, 8 wepxneli vacru 0,7—
14 Na

6) nomnapnna —or 0,8 no 1,5 um.

B noaiapsaax ponycxatores exeayiomke noponn:

a) Bce mePHe MOPOKH, He aanenalıme AEPMH Kit

6) sapocume, Hesomatoutiecs ocHund, POPOBHNB, KNYTOBUUA, 110-
paxenne amuenol CTOPONA Ykycama KTEMA, sapoctme MPOKYCH KIA,
He cxyuemte B OAHON wecTe;

5) monpesn, monÖonns m noacowmms rayOuwoñ He Gone Y4 TOA
Lui KOH B KOAHNECTDE 10 HETHPEX la NOMMAPSLIE, AMOR 10 20 ua
Kamaan.

B gytopax nonyckaioren:

a) Bee JimeDite nopoku, sapocimMe 4 meAoaouNEcs:

6) nonpean rayOnnoR re Game 14 TORNAN KOH B KOmHMeCTOe
muecra TYK, aannoli Ke Gonee 20 um Kaxnas; v

2) nesapocume coma, Oct, porommıı m KHYTOBHIL, B Depxnef
mach dyTopa n Kommecrse ne Oo.iee MATH UNYK;

1) sanzarst ne Gone AByx pasmepom 20 20 Cat mam ana Kuna
» vepxuehi wacrn.

Ianune BHyTPeHHNe PENH AOMKHM AbIKDANBATLCA 13 ACeX NecT
WEKPALICHBIX AGO. NPOSHO OK; "WENN BEPXENX N NOAKTANONNBIK
XPONOBLX u KpacnoryOntix KO (yore KOK Gapane). Tomuuma per:
eh noma Gut or 0,8 zo 1,2 uw. lilepnna pewmeñ: » nepxhei
em 25—30 uv, 8 muanelt uacrn 55—60 mi.

B saqnx hyTpedHix peHAx RonyeKaIOTes:

2) xopouio pasramehan VOPOTHCTOCTB;

6) ronepxnccruue mapa m Oesunumn;

8) Xopoixo sapocume OMAN B HECKYUERKOM BILE;

1) ersaxKa una.

109

Nloanarounmkn BSIKPAMDAIOTSA HS BCEX REPXRHX H NOXKABNOYRNK
XpOMOBUIX’H KPACHOAYÓMBIX KOXEBEHNBX Marephanos. Toma HOR
NATOWHKOR noma Ours oT 0,5 20 1,0 mu. B noanaToxKuKe no
TIJCKALOTCA BCE HOPOKH KOMM, 34 HCKAONEHHEM MECTKOCTH, HENPO-
AYGa, CKBOSNLIX npope u AMP.

Pykononctaysco BCeMM STHMH TPEGOBAMMAMN, MPERBABARENEIIN
K puiKpoeuiiuse RCTA:IAM, H ROMYCKACMEIME MOPOKAMH Ha MAX, 3aKpoA-
INK OGAIaH PacKpaHBaró KOKH HA OTIEABHBIE ACTA C TOWN Yuc-
TOM ocobermocrei M cHofleTS Kak Bceñ KOKH, TAK H OTAEIBNEX ee
yuacreos.

Tipexcne nem mptetynnTs K packpoto Ko, SaxpoMILIK namen npo-
BEPUTE KOMMCCTEO NlOAYYeHHOR KOXH H NPABHIBNOCTE SANHCEK, nPo-
MOBCACHMBIX D AOKYMEUTOX Na Buinauy ee.

Buecre € stim mponaBonnTeR NPHMEPHM NOACUET, KaKoe KomH¥e-
e780 Reraneli MONO BHKPOHTS M3 UOAYYEHNEX KOK.

‘CopriposKa u noArOTODxa K packpow BEpxHKK Kom. Koxerennste
Marepiau, ToayaeHHtie AM packpos, KeOOXORHNO PACCOPTHPORATE
MO cHenyiomun MPHSMAKAM: NO TOILHNE H MIOTHOCTA, MO TATYSECTA,
HO wakaTy epxa 4 oKpacxe zu,

TIpakraveck ara paGora IpOMADOMHTCA CACAYIOLAHM 0Ópagom:
KO, OTOGpaHNWe NO TOMINNNE HAH MAOTHOCTH B CTOKEHHOM BABOË
bine, AMUOM HBPYXY, YKAEAMBANOTCA CTONOÄ C HeKOTOPEIM CMEULEHHEM
5 CTOPOMY Kamaoh HS x, TIpn Taxox pacnoaomenit Ko HX JETKO
Moncopruposats MO MBeTY MM HaKATY amıta. VRaaiky Ko. meneCO-
oGpasko MPOMSBOANTE HA KAKyIO-MOO TIEPEKAAANY B BHne cnemm-
AMbNO yerpoenoro Kosna Hat KPOMUITCÁNA, MPIACAAMNOTO K CTORY
saxpoiuumka, PaGory no copruponke u MOTOTODKE Ko K_ packs
Heo6xoAHMO MPOM3NOANTE Ha ÓOMBIIOM crone paamepamn 1,5 X 2,0 M.
Bucora ero AOIIKHA ÓRTb AOCTOTOWIOR nas Toro, YTOÓN MM pabore
Ma crose Buana Guia Bes KOKE, PAMIOKCHHAR Ha HEM.

Kax mpasiiio, MORCOPTAPOBKY KOM HEOÓXOJUMO MPONABORHTE TP
xopomem oeseuicnun paGovero mecra. Jlywue, ecm paGora Gyaer
MPOHSBONMTLER EM MPA ECTECTBEHKOM OCBELLEHNN, TAK KAK BCE MEIT-
Kile MOPOKH pH HcKYCCTRERHOM ocnetenmn OGNAPYAHTS TPYAKO.

B pesyastate npensapaTeasnoñ MOncOpTHpOBKH sakpohLLuky yae
sapanee ÓyeT BRO, M3 Kakofl KOM Kakoë KOZMuecToo Meränch
MOXHO BBiKponTb.

Flocje HOACOPTIPOBRH MPOMSBOXHTCA PackpoR KOM no coorBer-
ereyiontine MOREAAM,

Kamnan Koma, MORACHALAA PACKpOlO, Kaanerca sa CTOA suttenott
cropoxof, noce Nero co CTOPOHBI GaXTApME BHABAROTCA Be ACQKTE,
MexoNYerHMMe B BEMPOEHMBIX RETAIRX, KOTOPHIE HEOGXOANMO OGOITE
pH packpoe Kom.

Obnapywenunte zepexrs, aamerme TOKO CO CTOPORE GaxTapma,
OTMEMANOTCA NENOM © MMEBOR CTOPOMS. STH OTMETKH ToNOraOT pa-
Goratomemy mp packpoe Ko naóerare uaxpon RETa.Teh c xeperran.

Packpoh Ko Ha Aeramı — comas u orsercrsennan padora. Or
saxpoiuuka rpeGyerc sraume cuoñcrs Kom, OcOBeMHOCTE Kaxaoro
orxemenoro ee yuacrka. OH Rommel TAKE HMETE ACHOE NPERCTABTE-
une O Hasauen TOR mn HHOÏ ACTAJIA, KAKHM HSNCHCHHAN Han BO3-

110

elCTONAM OHA MONBCPTACTCA npH HSTOTOBACIAM, a TAKE BO BpeMA
Hoc OGYDR.

Oprannzauna paGouero mecra. Jin mpasmabroro Henonsaonanım
PAcKpaHBaeMBx KOM M LIA COSAANNA ycaonuh ANA HICOKONPOHSEORE-
Teabuok paGora saxpolimpixa, ero paGowee Mecro ROmKKO Ori 060-
PYAORAHO yrOGHOR AMR paßoru paGoueñ MEGCIBIO H AHCTPYMERTAMR.
Ocseutemte paGowero MecTa LOWKHO OT» YeTpOeKO Tak, wroGu cBeTa
Gun AOCTATOMNO AIM OÓNAPYEMAN BEX MEIKHX. NODOKOB.

Hanzyunma cnocoGom yerpoRcrsa ochemennn CWHTaeTCA Taxol,
Korg SNEKTPOJANNA sakpenTena Ha NOABHMHOM KponurreÂne.

B stom cayuae saxpofuunk OyAeT uMeT> MAMIYUIIME VCAOBER AAR
paGors, Tak Kak HCTONHNK CBeTa OK MOMeT TepeMeCTATS NO CHOEMY
Yemorpenmo » :106Y10 Touky paGouero mecra.

‚Han ocpemenna paGowero MECTA HPHMEHMOTCH SAEKTPORAMUIOUK,
me xeusine 40 Y, :

‚Alan packpon Kom y sakpohıluma nom OT» saKpoRHNe HOH,
GpYcox JAR TOKH HX, MORE H SAKPORHAA JOCKA,

PaGowi cron sakpoRumKa AOIDKEH METS TaKyIO BEICOTY, pit
KoTopoll KifeTb 3AKPOËLUKE, MOAOKeNKaA Ha SAKPOÏNYIO ROCKY, MPH-
xowuizace Ox HEMHOrO Hmxe ero 1OKTER.

Ecan cron oKaKeTca DEICOKAN ARA SaKpofimiiKa, non Horn cra-
Buren noxeTanka, Oua Moxer ÓMTS nsroronmena Ha Opychen WIM
RocoR.

Han6onee pacnpocrpanen packpofnhifl crox Bsicoroft 1 M.

Pasxepuu «pruuru croi 80X130 cx. Kpan ee Buctynaior co Bcex
cropon ma 10 cu. Y saxero xpan kpruumn crona yerpannaeren norka
JR KABAH BEKPOCHNEX Merazeil, MPHUEM MOA 9TY MOJKY B Cxynae
HeoGXoAHMOCTH MPONYCKAETCH HACTB Koi, PaSIOMENNOË Ha SarpoR-
Hofl_nocke.

Tlon xpunoit yerpannaeren BMABMANOR ‘AK, B KOTOPOM xpa-
BATCA MORAN, pa6ounÄi MNCTPYMENT, KYPHAA AIR YUETA PACKPOR HT. Ma

Y aevoro_kpañ KpAKH CTOMA VCTPEMBACTCA oTwepcTHe pasmepow
1015 cx. Tox Stu orsepcruen npkpenuineren su, 8 KOTOpER
sepes OTReperie m KpHlIKE CTOJA COGHPATCA HeTOAHEIA TOCKYT —
mycop.

Tipoerpanerso 1 crone non Kpuuxoñ nenomssyeres na yerpoeroa
Kama € Noako, 8 KOTOPOM MOXHO XPaNHTS KPynnifl n0cKy m
BEPACKPOEHNBIe. KOKH.

Jaxpohnası aocka an Pyanoro pacxpos HIFOTOBARETE us Aepena--
Biinepxxammoh cyxof ma mm KpeMKoH Gepesi. JTysme pesyamrartı
PackpoR No:yualoTch PH NOMSOBARHH Tak HASHBLEMMNE TOPLOBBINM
‚Rockasın. Y 3THx A0C0K noDepxuocr oGpasyerca TopuoBol sacro
OTAenbmux KyOnkon, cxaeeimux wexAY COGOR. Tlonepxnocts Taaıko
cocrpyrusueren, UroGsr ayaure coxpanmb paGoayio nogepxHoers ce
BPEMA OT upemein eMastınanor OAMDOR nam PAGLHM PON.

* Jan ynoGcrea pa6oru ROCKAM npanaercn HAKTOMHO® No10Kenne.
Carol Wer MOM AOCKH MOAKNAAMBAIOTCA MOACTABKM HAM OTKOCH.

Sakpoñme nom nom OhTh nmaremno noaroronnenn. Kane-
emo paGori sanpofluinka saBucHT He TOMKO OT yMeHuA paorars
MOXOM, HOH OT GopMis, PASMEPOS H 3ATOUKH NOCHAETO. .

it

Kak mpaaiino, TONKY 3aKpofuiix Hoxeft HEOÓXOMAMO npoHsBORHTS
Wa Menkosepnnersix KapGopyiosiix Kann uau Opyckax. Jlony-
CKaeten TAIOKE SaTONKA uOMeÄ IA MOKPOM TECOYHOM Kamut.

Heo6xoxmmo waGerar» TouxH noMeh na cYXHX KapGopynmoBHx
Kanmax vo HOGerkauHe Meperpena Hx, TAK KAK B STOM Cayuae JAKAN
vorka ocna6xer.

Jesse noxa AOAMHO OBITE AÓCOMOTEO HHCTHM H He HMeTS Say
cen, Tlostomy nocae saTowKn neonne MOXA NPABMTCA 1a MPAMOPIH,
€ TAAAKON TOBEPXHOCTHO, MAUTKAX HAM Ha TASAXHX MÉTALIMMECKEX
‘crepanax.

Xopouine pesyastaru nonyualoren Taxıke np Npaske nesonn HORA
Ma Tax mesunsemtx apkanaaccknx GpycKax. IIpm Tome mam mpanke
WOK OMKeH OWTE HaSTOHEH HACTOASKO, HTOOM OK KACAICA OpycKa
eel miomaabo packa (cnyuienHoh vacra)

Honepxnocte ÖPYCKOR nau oceaKos HEOÓXOAINMO CMASHBATE Mat
‘bine MACRO.

TEXHHKA H MPHEMBI PACKPOR MATKHX KOK

Koma, npeaasagentan Man PACKPOR, C OTMEUEHHLIN Mens no:
PoKaMH, YKaAwBAeTEA Na AOCRY AKUEDo! CTOPONOË HAPYKY H Ory?
Kom K ceGe. Y

Buxpausatorca 3 nepsyio ovepens mepena M3 oryaoınofl u senpa-
Holi sacreh, a sarem romenmuta Canor. Ecam MAOIMAND KOMM AocTa:
TOUR AIR DBIKPANBAHHR HECKONKHX PORN, MOXENI HX PACHA]
BAOT Tax, ATOGH BHKPOCMNNE AETANH ÓBLIM OXHMAKOBHMH B mape Kar
no Tonuuiie, tax u no nnornoctn. OcoGoe BHHMAHHE TPH BBIKPOE Ke-
OSXOANMO OGpamaTs na TO, UTOÓN: AeTamM nem HANGOABINYTO TArY-
NecT® 3 MONEDEUKON HANPABACHAH.,

Ha pue, 84 mana cxema moxOXeNna Monenell Ha KOKE AAN pac-
kpanpanis.

Tlocne ykaaaKi Moxens YAEPXHBACTOA 8 HCNOABIMHOM COCTOAMN
nyrest pWOKANAKHR ee K Koxe KHCTSO BR pykit. Hanpanaenhe
CÍA MPIDKIIMA ROMANO GWT BEPTHKAALHLIM HO OTHOMICHHO K MAOCKO-
cru moneam. Een 570 mpasiino ne Oyner COÓMONATICA, Roamomen
cxmr MOACAM, KOropu He BCerMa MOKHO OGHApYHUTS BO PEUT
pacxpos.

Hpyrof pykoh nponssoxurea paspesanne Kon sakpolmnt Hoxov
no ucemÿ Kouzypy monenm Paspes Komm NCOÓXOMIMO Hammer
y kpan Mogean, Cropona xoropofi oÖpauiena K saxpohuuy. B Havans-
Huf MOMENT pesant KOXH HOR ROACH GATE MONTH B nePTnKa.IbIoN.
noxo»xenun, Touxa Mavazlbmoro HAAPESA He RONKNA BHXOAHTS 32 KOH
Typ APyTOR CTOPONU MOACAM.

BoKoBBINH nosepxnocraun MOM conpikacaeres e Combi u cpca
must naman, VKASATCABIA Masten B STO BpeMA HAMNMAET ja CTO-
Pony Hoxa, OÓpamemnyio BBepX u Dneped.

Octaabiitie naabutht KHCTH PYKH HAXOAATCA B BSIMPAMAENNON co:
CTORMAM 1, COOÓOANO CKOAR NO KOME, CAYAT ONOPOR AAA KHCTH
pykn, Jan Gonee TOunoro packpon cpextni nazen nBinpamaneren, 20
XQIAT AO CAMOTO OCTPHA H, CACKA MHRMMAACO K TPANA MOACAH,

212

‘cognaeT 11% KHCTH pyxH HauGonee yerofunoe nonoxenne. Kauecrno
pon ups stow Oyaer sysule.

lau, ACPXQUNC no, AOXKNN eT Yaanen oF ocTpHA
noma ma 12 cm. Bom 970 pacctosiue 6yzer yeenuvexo, TO woe zit
© kpunommneñnmNn KOHTypAMH OOKpaxDaTE GyzeT caomiee.

flepsisii mpuem. Sanpohumk moasoant TIPABYIO PYKY mom eByi.
Lenrp Taecra Kern nenofl pyKH, MPMAMARULEN MORE, TepeHo-
ces 8 CTODORY pacnonoxennn noka. STO Aenaercn AR TOFO, ATOGM
MBA paapesa He SaXPsIDANACE, A TAKKE ATA TOTO, NTOÓN KUCTO, ApH
Heincatoulan MORCM, He MCINANA OÖKPAHBAMED KOXKH HOKON.

6

Amar
apeómi

Puc, 84. Cxeua pacnoxoxenns woreaen ma Kom
a pucnpeh enolase car; 0 pacepoh aupoeres ant ca

Hawuxarb pacxpoñ HeoGXOAMMO CO cTOpOHM, npH.icravouelt x ory-
aounowy Kpaio (K SaKpoluusy), TAK Kak Ta cropora namenee ynoÓna
ANA PACKPOA, H 9Mecb UANL BOSMOKHH cABHTH MOJEAM,

Ecan xerans eme He BbikpoeHa co cropoii, o6pauteHto# x sapoñ-
huey, Beeraa MoKHO nenpanurs CAur. Ecru Ke BBIKPOH uaware co
Topol moxezu OT 3axpoluniKa, TO B cayıae canna nocnenneli,
pH nocsenyioLeM packpoe KOKH CO CTOPOHE, OÉpaLEMHOA K 3axpol-
ty, metals GYRET MeuopYeKa u MCIPABACILC ee MÉLOINOMNO.

Bropoit npnem (np packpoe nepexon). Jaxpohuunk sanochr npanyıo
Pyky wan JeBoñ, KHCTE ‚enol pykH HAKIOHRET K ceGe, BbINpAMIAeT
TAME, MPHAHMAOMAE Moe, H OÓLOXHT MOREA HOMON CICBA
amparo,

Tipn sukpoe ronermut nanGozee CAOXIEM MPIENOM ABARTA Bbt-
Kpansanne wein rozennna. B 9Tom ysacrke Moxeab HMeer nanóonee
exoxuyio amumo kowrypa. Hox np Bukpansannn weilkH noten
GTS 1 BeprHKamBHOM NOZOKEHNR.

8 Hours obrera canoe 118

Hlpn packpoe KOXH no IPAMONMNCÍMONY KONTYPY Modern nonoMe:
ine Homa ZOmKHIO OLITE Gone NaKAONeNNBM R NAGCKOCTH. MONTE;
DH STOM HembaR ROMYCKATE HEY HARPeSOD.

Ha puc. 85 130ÓpaxenO nozoxenwe KHCTOÍ PYR À HOXKA Bo DPexa
pacpon. z

Pac. 85. Tloaomenne pyx 1 noma npK packpoe kon
= no puna am €— mo Mon zaman

mus pesanna rosea n TONKOCTH COBTARATE ¢ FPAHAM OEM,
He OTXOAMTb OT Hee H He SAXOAMTS 32 Hee D CTOPONY OUEN.

Jas coGmonenns roro un B KoeM Cayuae He pexomennyeres Ha-
KAOHATS WOH K ceGe nam B OÓPATIVIO cTOpOHY, Tak KAK MOEN MO
ET Okasarscn Yoeansennoh HIM YMCHbWEMHON.

Tlocne DERPAUDamEt ABYX ORMHAKOPHX MoReneh nponanonuren
Mponepxa añecrea u oAuopoanoeru ux. Ecm OH napuse, AeTaJa
CKAARMBADTCA AHLEN Apyr K APyry; CO CTOPOME Gaxtapait MeTOM
¡AAMICEMACTOR HX PAIMEP om OTKAAAWBAWTCA B CTOPONY.

Ocraloumhcs stocky packpaunaerca Ha sTopocreneHsie META
A ua Aeranı apyrax DHLOB o6ysH.

11

Buecte © ronennmann puxpanpaeres H npowea,

Tlocae packpom omHoh Koxu BRÓmpaerca Apyram, cooteer-
ersyromel naoruocra u Tonnen. Packpoß OKA] mponsnoauren
b TAKOM Me MOPAAKE, KaK H Ko Am DepX

Bcoxke noKasarenm paGoTs 3aXpOÍIUIKA OMPEACAMOTA TEM, WTO:

1) Buxpoenuste era, YROBIETBODAR BCEM TPCÓOBANIM, HCNO:D>
AYIOTCA NO CROEMY HASHANEIIMO Ges NICPEKPAMBAMAR 15

2) xopomeñi yraankofi Moneneil, nyrem cobmeurema ux oßecne-
weno nonysenue Gombuioro KOMMECTBA NOMOMEMNUX aerameñ KDOR

3) nopoxu KOH OTOIIAN 5 AOCKyT MPM HESHAMTENEMNX pasmepax
ero;

4) orxomst Kom B AOCKyT Hesnantrensun.

Tlpn packpoe Kom AOMIKHBL GTS COÓMONENE cnenyrommme Texuuue
ue TpeGonanmn:

1. Buxpoenute neta B nape Momus COOTDETCTBODATD apyr
ASTY Kak mo TOMIYAE, TAK M NO NAOTROCTH.

2. Jluuna pesamna no BceMy KONTYPY AomMKHA HMETE NAS ne-
pexon or ontioro yuacrka K Apyromy Ges yraoparocrei, BEIXBATOD
wut APYTHX nepoanocreh,

3. Hanpanzemme mm cpesa AOMMNO GMT DEPTIKA:MISM no
OTHOLTENMO K IMOCKOCTA ACTA.

4. Jleraau AOMKKE 5 TOVHOCTH COOTBTCTEOBATE MOEMA,

5. Hanomuan rarysecre 8 neperax AowKHa GTS 5 nomepeunon
manpasenn.

6. Konrypu wefiku rose Roma Our» ORKHAKOBLIM Kar
D mape, Tax KB OGEUX NONOBHIKAX nOcIymapıs.

Buxpoenme AeTamı HYMPYIOTCR, KOMTMKTYIOTCR A MOCTYNAIOT
B aamweiuyıo OGpaGorky.

Tloaxpoñ wein nepeaos. [lepex npmunexok x roxemmay nepena
MOADEPFAIOTCH BUTRKKE JR MPAA MX ureliKaM MEOGKOMHMON
ops. 3

‘Dra Omepauun COCTONT B TOM, «TO nepena, BLIKPOeKNBIe no Pa6o-
SHO MOJCAAM HA CHENHAEMUX MPECNIOCOÓACIVIAX, HAMADAEMEX Toca
JONHO-BHTAAHEIMH KPIONKaMmM, HOPMYIOTCA TAKIM OOpas0M, WTO THHHR
Tepernóa MepenoB npu Caomenmn HX BABO HS MPAMOR cTaKoBHTCA
xpupo.

Tip nocaxke nepexon wa xpio"KH TOT yuacTOK Hx, KOTOPEÑ npen-
PASARON JA BHKPAMBANNE TOTOBKH weRKH, DOPMYETCR.

Tlocanka nepena 4 BHTAKKA MIEÑKH ero MPONSBONATCA CACAYIOLAIM:
o6pasom. Vuacrox wein yanamuneren. Bo waGexarne cMHRANNR BO-
OÍ MoKpHBHOTO cao € imma nepenon, YBJAMnERNA LenecooOpasıo
MponaaectH co cropoubi Óaxrapmel, ayuue rennoï vonol. Sarem_no
OTAOroM «acra Kpiouka © OGeHx cropor ero mpripenserca nepen. Tlo-
crereno BEITATIDAR KOXY Ma yuactKe efKk c OeHX crop Kpiouka,
Hepen BEITATHBZETCR TAKHM OOpasoM, ATOGH KOKA ¡momo o6xerana
BHEMKY KPIOWKA Ge3 CKTAAOK 12M MODAL

Paomeproe pacnpenenerine KOKE MO KpOuky Ha YARCTKE DEMKH
oGcciemmbacren YETPOÄCTBOM Hanceuek 10 Kpao.

a 115

Tipuxpenaenne kpovkm nepena Ha KPIOUKE NPOHIPOAMTER monas
Kani HAM NPOBOAONHNMA TEOSRANM, KOTOPLIE SAÓHBAJOTCA B’ KOMY Ha
paccroau 4—6 MN OT Kpañ HO BCEMY KONTypy.

Kpowe nbtramn m MOCAAKH nepenon na KPIOIKAX, cymtecrByeT cno-
co6 opMosanus welikn np novouta uınypa. B sroM cayuae nepen,
cacxeunuñ wawoe Óaxrapuod unyrpb, mpuxpe-
aneren K AOCKE © ORKOR CTODONA, mpnuen
MERAY CIOKERBEIMA ToTOBHHKANH MpOXOANT
HIMYD, OMH KOMCU KOTOPOTO 1POWO saKpe-
men na nocke. Jpyroh koweu witypa BTArU
BATCA H MOTAÓALTOA MO (POPME, KOTOPYIO ROA-
axna_nozyuuTo weliKa,

Tlo Mepe BuITATHEaKHA nepena 1unyp sa-
Kpemamerca Ka Rocke, a xpan Tepena Hanpe-
3a0TCR, BHTRTHBAIOTCR HM MpHXpenaaioTeA K
ocre.

Tpasuabnoers dopyit uefikn np 5706
nponepneTes wonezbio.

B TaKOM COCTOAHAM nepena HAXOMATER 8
Tevenne 20—24 4acos — spews, HeoGxoaunoe
am Toro, wroGW OH cAhopMAPOBATHCD HB
Rasbaelimem coxpannam nonyiemmyio dopwy.

Tlocaxennste TakHM o6pasom nepeza no-
Ce CHATHA € KPIONKOB NOAKPANDATCH 10
Moneta

Ocodoe amame MEOSKOANNO — yzeamro
suikpansaniio urehrn, Jun cpesa aomicta
IPOXOXAT B TONMOCTH MO KOHTYPY MORE,
Gea BHIXBATOB BAM HaıpeaoB KOKH (pic. 86).

Mloaxpoit weiixn nepeaos. Onepauu Bi
no.umeren CHAVIOUNN oGpasoM: neper, cno-
eHHHA BABOS, Kaaneren Ha 3aXpolinyio 1O-
mes cxy. Monens cooreetersyioutero Pasmepa Ha-
‘a bo chee KA ASBACTCA HA Mepen Tax, ATOM Kpuonana

rozoBKm ee conmana © KPHENBHO! meñkm me-
pera, a npawes mm copnana Ost c aunneh ero narnda.

Tioaxpanvanue nepeaos BHOJUISCTCA Tex KE TIpHEMOM, WTO H Bbi-
Xpoit Hx, np STOM AOMKHE COÓMONATCA BCE YKASAHNEE BEI mpa-
ita PACKPOR.

Pine, 86. Tiepene
noce sun; 6.

BBIKPOR AETAJEA HH3A OBYBH

K aera unsa OTHOCHTCA: NOLOWBE, CTEABKH, SAMA, HAGOBKEH,
Paursı, KOKANME OAMOCKN, KAÓAYKI, Kpanua, TeneHKH, MPOCTHKA

Tleraan usa BbIKPAMBAIOTCA M3 MECTKHX KO.

TIpexne vem Hauaro packpalBame ‘KCCTKHX Ko, eOOXORHNO HX
OTCOPTUPOBATD O KAMECTEY u Hastiawexiio, T. €. YeTaHOBHTD, Ha KAKHX
KOM n vactell Hix Kaxue ZeTaaH OYAYT BEIKPANBETSCH.

Herama nan maa 06ÿAM MMEIT pasHoe MAsHaveriue, MOSTOMY AX
MAJO DUKPAKBATD HIS TARHX KOM HAN YHACTKOR MX, KOTOPE TO COMM

116

ceolicream COOTBETCTAYIOT ' TPeGOBANHRM, MPEABARIACNBIM K Su
aeranan.

Hinke mpmnoJurrca Kparkoe ommeanne xeraxel una 06yBu, Hx Ha-
ananenne W MPEABAD:TRENBIE K HIM TPEÖODAHHR.

Moaowsu suanioren uaxGosee oTuerernensinn neranan, Or Ka-
sécrsa MX SABICHT AAATEASNOCTB SKCNMAOATAILAN, TAX KAK OMA PEA
erasasior cool xonosyo NOBEpxHOCTb o6yan H Gomme, ew npyrne
aerau, NO AIPTAIOTCA paspyuienmo. TIpu wexocrarounoñ Tonne mar
HNOKOM Kauectne (pHXIME, 10X0 PoryÖrenuse, 1A0XO IPOKATAN-
se HT. 1) MOXOMIBH Duchb ÖBCTPO HMAIINBAIOTCA OGYab BEIXOAMT
3 eTpoa.

E roronoï o6yon monommu caykar nn nperoxpanenun nozout-
hemuofi MacTH CroMH seTOReKa OT MexAHHYeCKHX TOnpeX TEE. Ou
AOIANS TAKE TPEROXPANATE HOT OT BAArH.

Hapaay c 9THN Hoxowe AOMKUM OOAAAATL BORTANALRONNLMA
cwolicteamn, +, €. ÓSITE BO3AYXO> 1 MAPONPOBOAMAMH H Mazorena0-
PORO.

Dozomsst Komanbte ROAD BEIKDANBATECA HS vempaibrx yactefi
MOROMDENHOR KOKH PACTHTEIMOrO BAK XPOMO-PACTHTEMOrO AyOne-
ma,

B xoxaHBIX MOOMIBAX RONYCKAIOTCA:

a) Bee «Muente MOPOKH, He SAXCBANOINC Zep KOXKH, Ausyxa,
aparenta, pyGuss, Gest, Kuy roma;

6) nonpesn e Gaxrapwe n rerenonmoh aacrn rayGnHOR He Gonee
JA Tom KOH B KOAMUECTBE XBYX Ha MOROUIB), AMOR 20 20 MM
Kannan;

B) CKPOANEIE comupt m Hesapocume ocnmm H POrOBHM, Tanpo,
GoasiKH © nopaxentew Mepusı m nacrk, npHxoanmelicn nox KAÓAYK;

1) sHkpoï MATOWHOM ACTA M3 MOTOrO BOPOTKA C XOPOLLO_ pas:
TABMCUNSNE CKACAKEMN pH YCAOBHH, ecam oa saumMeer He Gonee
Y/s AIM BOROMIDE H pacnodonena TOR KAGayKOM m a remenounofi
sacra;

A) cra anna;

e) moxGom e Gaxrapwu 5 KonHYeeTBe He Gozee oAHO!, ray6nmoft
He Goee 1% Tomiie: Kom;

x) OCmAEL sapocuIMe, HEAOMAMLNECH, meckydeume — He Gone
ES

Mpmweuanne. Cxrosme ch, nesapocuune ocn, porosa, TaBpo,
Goma © nopawennen ACPU AOMYCRIIOCA À TONO “ACTA HOLOMEM MPA
Yeaownit, CA OH NaROAATCH BME ANA npnnpennenna Kabayıa.

Tommuna moxome 8 rorosof oßyan (aan patronoh) nommna Gurb
Ke menee 4,3 Mu B nyukopoR m reseitowno MaCTAX, 4,0 Mu — L nto
oft sacra,

HaGolixu npenctanamor coGoñ Meran, KoTopbie NOKPABMOT xO-
AOByIO nonepxnocte Kabıykos m CAYKIT AIR NPELOXPANEHUR Wx OT
Paspywennn vo opens XOJLÓS, a Tanke Man COXPANEMER Gopust KAG-

YOR.
“Had, TaK e Kar 1 NOROWBLA, nonepraoren nanbonsueuy
HCTAPanmo ho spews XORBON H paspylalorea Obictpee, YeM APyrue

17

eran. TlostoMy ux KANeCTBO He AOAKHO GuTb xyxKe, HEM Kauecroo
Tonours.

HaGoñkh AOJKHH BMXPAUBATEEA HS ILIOTHHX Hacrel nOXOMBEH=
MOR Kon PACTITOASIOTO ¡AH XPOXO-PACTATEMBMOTO RYÉTHHA.

B waGolikax onyexaores:

a) ocnMis SAPOCUIHE, MENOMALOIMMCCA, B HCCKYUEMNON BHAE H He
Mpuxonautiteen NO samt npnpenzensi HaGoliKH;

6) HORGOMHE € ÓSXTAPME, He MPAXONMILIECA TO AHKTR KpenaeMHA
naGolixa, rayGunoñ me Goze Y TOMAN KOU;

B) CTRA MUA;

r) Amuente nopokn, He saxenamuie Aepusi Komm (mayra, wapa-
ns, pyOuss, Cesar, KRYTORIHS K POTOBMNE), Ges OrpannuennA
HX MecToTOIOMeHHS.

Creabxu — sera, KOTOPHE DEKPAMDALOTCA M3 MAOTUBX np
HBX MeCT ceieumax" KOK PACTHTEMOTO HIM XPOMO-PÉCTHTEMBOTO
AyGnexus. Koxatian cremska Roza Gurs moro, saacTHaHO, ne-
sowxoë, nenyxnoh, Ces xenpony6a # pasHoMepxoi Tommi no sci
aoa.

B rorosoh o6ysH CTEMBKH BBIMOAHANOT pom CBAAYIOMETO 3REHA,
Mocpeneraost KOTOPOrO npoHsBOnATeR Ckperkmenue xetamel Bepxa H
musa OGyBH (32 HCKADueimMeN OÓYBM, HSTOTOBCHNOA BHBOPOTIAX 4
CAMARMA METORAMN).

Bromie nOHATRO, TO OT Kauecrna CTemK 8 SHANMTEMHOÏ creen
3ABHCIT MPOUHOCTK npuKpeneHuA neraneh Husa,

Bmecre € ovis cTeaska, oOpasya eBoero POXA NOÉ ANA CTOMI,
smageten OAmompemtemo u onopoft aun wee,

Tak Ke Kak m MOAONIBA, TENSION JOXKHA OÓAANATD BeHTHARLHON-
Mean CBOÑCTSAMH 1 TepMOYCTOÑAMBOCTEO.

Cremsri noms Ob rHrpOCKOMAH M BMHTHBATH DHXENHR
rons enoneKa (nor, MAP m AP).

B Komansıx cremkax AOMYCKAIOTCA:

a) Cramua mua;

6) mmuensie MOPOKI, ne saxeraontre neps Komm (mayxa, ua-
panuaes, pyOuss, Cesnuunes, KHYTOBHS);

8) xopowo 3apocuIe HEIOMARLINECH CHA, He CKyuenmare B
oxtow Mecre;

F) POroBuKis, apanais, sazeBaroue AEPMY Ko, He sapoculHe
m ne gomaiotiutees, AmmnoR no 30 vor;

A) Sonu, aanenamıue AEDMY KOMH, He sapoctime m He IOMANO-
ues, OAI He Gore 2 cx;

e) ckuosubte CoML m Hesapocume OCIMNE, He GOES TPEX D noay-
nape; y .
Pr) monpesu € Gaxtapum rayGaHof me Gonee ¥4 Tom kon

M xamioñ no 40 MM, ecm OMA pacnonoentt BAO CTEALKU;

3) monGona © Gaxrapus B KOAMUECTBE 20 ARyX, rayOHHOR He
Gonee YA Tomas Komm

Mpnweranme, Mopoxm yrasınnue m nynkrac: bt) ot

x „3° Monyckamorca np yeAOBHA, ESA on HE. ODI
‘agin erensen,

118

e ut
area no” alan "np pe

Toautmna crezek 5 oGpaGoraunou suse, cornacno CTAMIAPty,
nomma Gums ne menes 2,8 vat

3axmmxm — 2eCTKHE METAMA, BEIKPOEHNBE 19 Ron. Ok mpunce-
MAMOTCA MPH marorobmamı OOYBH Am TOO, TOOK C TONOUISIO
HX COSAATS TUBO M OMOPY MATKE, a TAKE MPEAOXPAHHTL ee Or
yaapon. :

Mexona 13 ocoGenuocreli noaomenun MATKH B PASAMUNEEX COCTOR-
unax ee (monoxeme pH nanenanın OÉYBM, NPA ABIDKer MH NeTORKA
WCB HENOABMKHOM COCTORHEN ero, NOAOKENNE np CHMAHHE OOyBH),
Korga OH OXA9MBACT PASINAHOE DAMANNE Ha OÓYBb, MATOGHaR NACTb
oGyax — sam — ROMANA HMETE nocronmmyıo, yerolunayio opMy,
R TouHlocTH COOTEETCTAYIOIVIO POPME naTouHoN YacTH KOXOROK.

Yerolisusan opMa mArowHol wacrH coanaercr MYTEM mm
Meucuma xecrxux aeraneñ, cnocoGuuX BOCMprusTo DopMy KOOAKH
K COXpanAT ee 30 Bpexa homem Gar.

‘SRAMHKH RenaIOTCH HIM COCTABHEIMH HS ABYX IMIACTOD — KCTKOrO
H MATKOTO HAN HS OAMOTO MCCTKOTO HAACTA.

Coraacno crannapry, XeCTkHA nzact ABOÑHOrO sanımıka (sarnanira)
E OAM2PHUË SAAHAK JOJUKHEL BEIPYÓRTECA HS venpaunbix HacTef no»
AOLIBEHHOR Kom PACTHTEABIOFO MAN APOMO-PACTATEIDMOO AYOAEHKA,
A Take M3 MAOTHEX XOPOWIO Pa3TAAMeUNBX BOPOTKOR TeX KE Ko,
MPH YCAOBMH, ECM cKnaRKH HETAYÓOKI 1 PaCNOMMENM MO BRICOTE
sanmma.

Marxulı naacr sauce puipyGaeren na maoruix OoKonux nam
xpeGromsx “acre 4 Xopollo PasrrakemHHx BOPOTKOR creneunoñ
KowM PACTHTEABHOTO HAH xpoMO-pacrHTensHOro Aynennn. Crap
Boporka 8 BRIKPOCHNBIX SANHAKAX ROMA paconaranscn 10 UX
BHicore.

Tommika sanos B canorax nomKHa Gr

sanas ORRH Cao — 3,5—4,0 uw

een naacr — 2,0—2,5 mu;

Marka naacr — 2,0—2,5 Mu.

Pantat — RETA. #3 KOKH, NPHMCHAMHE PH HSTOTOBACHNA pall
oso oOyon. K param, mpuxpensciomim K cTembKe, npnumBamtcen
Honouras.. OT Kavectea paHTOB 32DHCIT MPOUHOCTE AepxakHs NOROLIBEL.

Pawrsi BEIKPAHBAIOTCA HS MAOTHUX H BIIACTASHEX YaCTER KO», Cne-
uulabHO BUMCAAHKEIK HS LKyp Kpyimoro poraroro cxoTa. Paurkı 9a-
rorosasioren B mixe momocox mpmioA 16 MM 4 romuuoñ
2,520 wm.

Tip npuxpenaesxn nogome slepessimo-tanuaewnbia METOROM
BMECTO panron mpikpenaserem OÓBOXKA, MAIER Mo Kpaio NOLOWBLL
B nomweToHof sacri.

OSpoaka. AAA KOKAHHX MONOMID DUIKPAHRAETCH M3 HENYXTHX H He-
sou vacref creewoi mam Mo2oLIBeHNoN Kom, Bulnenannoli m3
yp KpymHoro poraroro cxora. Ulupwia oGwoaKn Koue6aeTeR 8 npe-
‚nenax 16—17 nu, Tommma 2,5—3,0 us.

KaGayxu — xetann » roroso! oGysH, KOTOpMe CAYMAT Aan TOrO,
TOGat HECKOIEKO MPHNOMUAT MATOMEYIO” YaCTS OBYBH K COXPANATE ee
B Takox nonoxemm no BPMs XoMsOw. KAGnyKE COCTORT M3 OTACIb-
MAX MaacTOR KOKH — MIKO.

19

bank DEIKPAMDAIOTCA #3 MAOTHEIX MON H BOPOTKOB noRoUIBeNHGt
m CTEALMOR Kon.

Tor (pax, Koropufi pacnonoxen Henocpencreenso tion naßohkoh,
AOMCH Obit HCKAONMTEMHO M3 MOMOMIBCHMON KOMM U AMET
Tommy me menee 2,5 MM.

Mexay WEXHEN QUHKOM H HOBEPXNOCTHO HogoUIBEE MpOKABAL>
BACTCA KOMAHAR ACTA, HASUBACMAA KPANCM, KOTOPELÍ DUKPAUBACTER
M3 MArKHX, HO HE PBAABIX ACTE OTOUBENHO RAK CTEEAHOR KO,
ampnnofl 16—18 ma, ToamaHo—2,5—3 Nu.

COMANBE MOANOCKH — NETA 113” KOM, KOTOPHE UPHMCHMOTCH 1
Rocounio# yacrk 06ÿB AIR Mperoxpanenns Mabie Hor OT YAApoB
O Teepaue mpenners: (KaMEH MT. A).

Koxansıe HOANOCKM CAYMET Tanke aK npnäannn oGysH onpene-
demo Dopu 5 nocomo wacrs, yerohumoh Do BpeMA OGM.
Tloawockn BEINPATBAIOTCA Ha MAOTHMX MaCTeÍ creneunoh KOH TOA
mutoñ 2,5—3,0 ms.

‚Ann ‘euyTpenwix KECTKHX MOANOCKOB MOxHO npuMeuRTe B Ava
esos rpamrons, Gay ma KOPA € ABYXCTOPONHAM HaNECOM € npO-
Maskoft craGnamioM.

B koNaHBIX MOAHOCKAX, pahrax, Kpamnax, OOBOAKAX 1 daukax
‘omyexatorea:

a) cTaMKa mua;

©) sce sueBste NopoKH, He aanenaionute nepme Komm (mayxa,
naparuuins, pyOunt, Cesu, KUYTOBHKE HT. 1) Ges orpauncit:

B) sapocine Ocn#Ha, me “IOMANOMINCCA m 1 cKy'entie — Ha par
Tax He once MATH MTYK, à B OCTAMNEX RCTAZAX N HEOPAHHINHON
Konnuecrae;

Y) POTOBANI u Rapanui, Bamenalouine ACPMY Korn, He Sapocume
E He JoMawomuecs, B OÓBORKAX, KpaHttax H NOAHOCKAX 710 20 MM, BO
(Gamxax — Ges orpannuexna;

A) cxsostie Comm mesapociume Cen B O0BOAKaX, Kpauax
M danxax — B neorpanennon Komuectne;

€) nonpesn u nonGoMHH ¢ OaxTapMet B MOAHOCKaX 20 14 TOMA
ox 120 40 x AMOR 8 Kpanuax, O6BORKAX u Gauxax, GS Orpa
Hngeimn CAJÓN u KOMCTLA.

Vxazamie MOPOXH ROMCKAOTCA pH VOB, ECM OW ne pie
XORNTCA NO AHHH NPHKPELIERUR.

Tipwemsa packpon Mecrkux Kom

B ctporom coorserersin € TPEGOBAHHAMH K AeTANAM HH3A MPOHSBO*
Are mpernapnıreabnsifi packpoh Kom Ma HEMOKKN, T. €. Ha MONOCH,
pHa KOTOpHX AOMAHE GT Pana June Tex jeTastel, Ka KOTOPEIE
‘nn OyayT pacxpoctis.

Tas npasnabitoro paapesa kom MPEABADATOABHO PasMenatorca TO
voxenaw H pA nono PoBKOM auneiikn MpoBOASTER ann, OGosHa-
yapuıne wupiny aemoxek. Tlo ammam pasMeTKH nponsuo.uimen pas-
Pesane Kom HOMOM BpyIHYIO.

Tipuex yxo6xee suoawaTs Ka moxy caexyioum oGpasox. C ox
HOR CTOpoi JMNM pasMeTKH Koma NPHHMATR K moay” HOrOÏ,

120

€ apyroit cropom mun Koma Geperca pykoll H OTKHMAETER KBEPXY.
B 310 ze open HOKOM, TOMILO no AIM PasMeTKn, Aenaercn HAApeS
xox. [To mepe paspesa €e, Hora, MPRMIMEILLAR KOXKY K NOAY, H pyka,
OTKHMAIOLIAA ee KBEPXY, MepeMculaores sewed SA HOMOM.

an oGnersenns pesamın peKoMeNAYeTCR AEPXATE HO MECKONLKO
akaoHHo.

Pacxpanganne cyxHx Ko BPyunyo, B OCOGEHNOCTE nAoTHBX 0°
AowIBenmsix, 9ATPYAMATENBNO, NOSTOMY NenecooOpasno NPOBECTH NPeA-
BAPwTEMBROS YamaxKHeNMe KOK B BOLE LCISIMI HAN PASPESANEME Ha
Gore MenkHe HACTH — LeTIOxKR.

Ina sroro Kox nan vara HX (1EMOKH) norpyaioren B Kakoli-
160 cocya c BORO — ‘aH, ax, x0xamb m T. 1. JLIMTEMBHOCTS kamo-
KAHMA KOM 8 BONE SABHCHT OT BHIA u CHOÏCTE PASMANHEAENEX KO:
HANPHME, KOKH NOAOLIBEHHBIE D BORE MOWKHD HEXOAUTHCR JOB
Nem KORG creeme,

Kpone Toro, yanaxuenne HCOÓXOAIMO AAA Toro, STOÓH oßeenenurs
doprosaune nerazeñ, 7. e. npnnanne uw nyxnoR Popt.

Tax Hanpruep, saanuxam mpuaaior Gopuy mrowoh MacTa xo-
AONKN, CTOMKAM 4 MONONIBE — (OPMY caiena KOXOZOK H T. A.

BnoynorpeGanrs YBTAIKHEHHEN KOX He CACAYET, TAK Kak Kauecrao
MX TIP! AaMTeawHOM HAMOKAIIN MOET YAYAUIMTECH,

locxe yanaxknenna KoxKaM AaeTCR TAK Hasbınaeması NPOIEKKA, T. €.
HX OCTABARIOT Ha HeKOTOpoe BpeMA Ha OTKPETOM POSAYXE; NPA STOM
ara PABNOMEPMO PECIPCREARCTCA NO BCCÂ TOALLHHE KOKH.

Voaaneuntie AEMOAKH KOKH PADPCIANOTCA MO MOReAAM Ka COOT-
nererayiomme Goanann neraneh ksa m HX TpyGoA hope u noxBep-
Talorca coorsererayioutell o6paGoTKe B 34BHCHMOCTH OT HasHaNeHHR.

Tips: packpoe nemomex ua neram HeOOXOAHMO CACAUTE 3a TM,
WTO6kı HMEIOIHECA ACPeKTA B Koax ne MONAM m ACTA, a MOCHE.
ie TBE TPEGOBARHAM CTANNAPTa.

Taana XI
MOAFOTOBKA AETAJER Ai CKPEMJEHHA

Tlepen ckpensennem meranefñ Me»Ay coGOÑ ot OXKKE BTE CO
OTRETCTBYIOMHM OÓPasoM MOATOTOB.TENBE NyTEM cneLHaAbHOË OGpa-
Gorku.

Sta o6paGorca 2 ocHOBHOM CDOAHTCA x DHpaSHABAIMO TOME
xeranel, YMEHSUIEHND TOMINHRK CXPENATEMNX KDaeB, NPHAAHMIO ZETA
aM neoxoaumo QOpME m T. 1.

Xapaxrep oOpaGorku TOR nam Ho era saBucuT OT ee BHAA m
nastavenus.

OBPABOTKA JETAMEM BEPXA

OGpaGorka neraueh sepxa IP noaroroBKe HX K ckpenaenn HMCET
REMBIO yCrpammm YTOTIHEMIN Mareprana ma yuacTKax CKpennenkn
H COSNATb YCIOBMA ADA MOAYWeHHA KPACHBOR CTPONKH, NPABHMHOrO
wea 1 mpoNKoro cRperzennn.

Ona COCTONT 8 ocHlosHOM E TOM, WTO Kpañ cKperiembx Aeraneh
Ha YuactkKax CTPOUKM YMEHbRISIOTCA MO TOMINE nyTeM CHHMANER
{enyekaus) HEKOTOPOTO c-1oR Kom CO CTOPOHK! GaxTapuBl TAK, TOON
Tosa RETAMA HOCTeNeHHO H PABHOMEPRO YMCMBIIANACO K ee KpARM.

Tomuyina cuMaemoro CADA KOMM SABHCHT OT CHOÂCTE m TOMA
Matepnama, a Take OT xapakrepa u Tuna crpennennn ReTaxel,

O6paGorka erase KpOR XPOMOBHX CAMOF cocTouT B CAEAYIOLLCH.

Hapyanue xeraau. Toneumma: vepxiwi xpañ rem cnyckaeren
© Gaxrapme no RceMy Kowrypy na mmpany 7—8 MM OT Kpas, mp
3TOM cHuMaeTcA okono 14 TOMNANE Kot. Cnyexamne Kpaen TO BCEMY
KONTYpY mCÍiKH ronemaia npoxssomiTeR Ha lumpaiy 3—3,5 mm or
Kpas, na %/, TOME warepnan.

Tiepega cnyckaiotes mo aanneh uacın (emm m Kpsimbs) Ka non0-
sHny TOAUMRBE NO BCEMY Kpalo OT KOHUA ORHOTO Kpkuna XO KOHUA
ua uupany 3—4 MM OT Ka

Tips onyckannn xpaes Baxvo COGMOCTE crenyioulee ocnonnoe npa-
BEXO: TOMAMNA Kpaeb Nocae CHyCKaunA HX B ABYX CKPETLINEMAX MIETE“
ARX_NO mm CTPOTKH JOANA ÓRITE OAMIARODOR.

Ecam npoxssog#Ten cxpersemne aerasel M3 pasKopomuux Mate-
PHANOB, MANpuMep, rocienuuta WIERPODLIE, a nepeta xpoMoaue, — o6pa-

122

Gorka menzercn pasamuno. Cnyckaune xpaeu y mevposux onen
ÖyneT HesHauTecbHBM mam COBCEM He Oyer MPOHSBOAHTBER (B 32-
BHCHMOCTH OT TONUINHBL H MAOTKOCTH MIEBPO), a CHYCKAHHE XPOMOBHIX
mepexoB mpu 9TOM AOMKIO OGecréuuTo NpAGMEXEUME MX TOA
hunt K TOMO Tone.

Buyrpenune xeraau. ytopa ciiyckalorcn y Bepxuero Kpas no
pcemy KoHTYPy co croponui Gaxrapu AO nono romana, Iln-
Pina CIYCKAEMOTO YUACTKA Ha BCM IPOTAXCHIA CNYCKA AO.TKHA CO-
crapasro 8—10 mu.

Tloamapania enyeKaiorea 10 DCcMy KONTypy Melt m Kpbiabe Ha
umpuny 10—12 mu or xpas. Xapakrep eryCka — na-Her y Kpaen.

Ha stom o6paGorka erased nytem ciyckasia Kpaes 3aKamun-
Buercs,

Tiponece enyckanım kpaen neranehi saroronok, 8 ocoßemocn
8 ee, HECKOMBKO COMEN BAHAY SHAUMTEMHOR KPABHHE OTMENb-
Hux YSACTKOB, NOSTONy ph Meme MCOCTOPOXHOCTA HAM KE TU
HEAOCTATOANON outre paGoTaoULero BOsMoxHA nopua neraneh. Hime
AaeTcn ONMCARHe TEXHHKH OÓPAGOTKM 5 TORTOTORKH OTACIBREX
acrasel.

nycxanne pacs merase KPOR DUNOAHAETCK CACAYIOIHM o6pa
sou. Meran, nonaemaman OGpaGoTke, ykaannvaeres autenof cro-

‘of Ha paGouyio moBepxHocTs MPHCMOCOÓIEMMA JAR CMYCKAMAA.

[y WIN BUAOM NPHCHOCOGAeKHA IR STOR weAK CUATALTCA MpaMopHaR
manta pasmepamu 20X30 cm c rankol oTnoamporautol noBepxuo-
(TB unit ARE METAAAMUCCKOR NaUTKA (uyryHHAR mm crashan). MOXHO
TAKE NOASIOBATSCH TOACTHIM CTEKIOM.

Onepauun npoussoanrea OD canoxmsw HoxOM. Hanpasne-
Hue AaIDKeHMS HOXA np enyexanmn —or ceön. Tlosromy Aeram np
Enyckammx yk1anunaerca TaK, WTOGW CTOpOHA ee, y KoTOpol Kpali
enyexaerca, Guna oGpamena 5 cropory ot paGoraiomero.

Kpañ, moxaexamuñ cnycxaumo, yenanuınaercn Y «pam marken M
mapazemno emy, Tlmersa np stow pacrozaraerca TaK, «TOGx Kpall
ec, DOM xoroporo OyAeT HAXOAKTSCH CIIYCKAEMEÁ Kpañ SaroroBKH,
Guin pacnonoxen non yeaom K nenoamnmeo. OaKoi pykoM nera
YASPKUBACTCA B HEMORBIEKHOM MOJOENKB, a APYTOR BHMOTERETCA
paóora (pue. 87).

Pac, 87. Cnyexame xpaen ronenmia

128

Hox nommen Gare Kak MOXIO Some maKnonen K maockocn
enyckaemoR neramu. K onepaitnn CMyCKaNHR erate npexsasamorea
cxenyiouue TpeGosaas

1) mupuua cnycxa Rota GwTs paBHOMepHOÏ Ha BoeM mporaxe-
x enyekaeworo yuacTka, 063 KAKUX-AMÓO BHXBATO HIM NPONYCKOSS

2) KaTeropnueckn sanpeulaiores naapesui Korn;

3) xpan co croponu ÓaxTapww Mocne enyckanım AOMKHEL OWT
ANCTHVE 4 CBOOOAHBINH OT OCTATKOB CTPYKKIL,

4) Tomuma Kpaes meramel mocxe cnyckamımm HX Aomkıa ObTh
ORMNAKODOA ua Beem porel enyera;

5) néramt c BHXBAMENNSIMA YUACTKAMA Y KPACS LOHKHE Guth 3a-
senens apyrunu, Menpanam meta. nyrem MOAKPOA ux He paape-
ARTS, Tak Kax MAPYUIMTCA ux naprocts

Tlocae onyckannn Kpaes mein y NoRMapanos MPOR3BORATCA' Han
ceuka mx Ha yuacrse manGombuieñ kpusnsnbi. Hanceskn neoOxoanats
Aaa oGecneveitia xopomero npHrerais mefkH nOAMApALOE x mejixe
nepenon u roma no Dceh naoutanK, Ges CKAanor HTH MOPLU.

„Haacenen. xenaorenray6enof 46 a, paccronime wercay IMA —
1,520 m.

Tlocae enyckanun xpaes 8 pyropax upoussoanter mpopesuane
ornepernA aan ymxo». Tlonoxene npopeseñ ompenenseres cienyio-
lux o6pazom: yrop ckaaasipaercn BABOR TAKHM OÓPasom, TOOL
hpañ y sepxneñ u sanmeñ dacreñ 8 Tounocru cosilaaK, Sarem na
cepemine cxomemoro @yropa y 40—45 xa OT ero Depxuero Kpañ 1e-
JAACTCA HaNeTKA au Mpopest, Ira ANHH ROMINA HTTH HOR MR
Hu yraos K ama neperGa DyTOpa # MO CEPeane mOJOBHEKH ero.
llupura ce He Gone wnpuns yuiKos, 1. €. npawepuo 30—32 am.
Tlocze mamerii mit nenaerca wanpes no STOR CpASY m OGERX
MOJOBMNKAX yTOPA. .

Tlpn Diinoanenmm Kanpesa nooKenne HOKA 1O-TKHO ÓMTO Bepru-
Kama, np 370M @yTOp KuerINO Apyro pyku HPHXHMATER K Tony
1 YRCPKHBACTOR B HENOXBIDKRON MOAOREHAH.

OBPABOTKA AETAJNEÁ HH3A

BuxpoenHHe xetam HH3A Mepen ckpenneimem c 3AFOTOBKANH
neo6xoano oGpaboraTs Tak, "TOO OHM coorBerersosann Tpeóona:
nay, HOMME 00ÿou.

Cremxn nocae BERPANBAmIa Maryr HMerb B mape pasnyio Tos
mummy. DTO OTPMUATEMNO CKAMETCA Ha BBINOAHENAK MOCMENYIOLLNK
onepawii, a uMenno: MPA SATHKKC YBCAMCHHAR NPOTHE HOPMit TOA-
pola CTEMBKH ÓYACT mann ykMenbuienna Demis saTmKHOR
KPONKE; TPE LNHAKOBKE Y caflora c YBeamuennoR TOMMAROË cresiskn
Aaa ipmuneK AAA HPUKPÈTTNER NOOUIB, ENGpARKAR € YHETON HOp-
Maubnoh TOJIIMME cTenek, MOMET OKAJATECA HeROCTATONHO!. B 06onx.
caysamx KawecT3O expemiienng AeTazeñ Bepxa H Haa YAYAIHTCR.

Tlostomy cresmxit mpexne Bcero HeOGXORHMO BMPOBRATO nO TO
uume. Has srof went crensa TOPMINNNO TOM YKTAAMPACTER
Ha MpaMopayio MARTY MAN ROCKY, PACTOAO/KeMNYIO Ha KOJEMAX Ma-
crepa, Tax, aroOk ¡muesam cropome Toll cTeMKH Ósi ae oOpamena

124

KMS, m YACPXHEACTEN D HeNORSIKKOM MODEM KHCTEIO PYKH;
3aTe CaTIOMHBIM HOXOM MPOHSBOAHTER COCTPATHDANHE CTEMBKH TOR:
KHMH caoawk c Gaxrapmanol cropons. Bo H3ÚCKONHC BuixaTOB man
TAYÓOKIX MAAPCIOB HOX BE HPeMA NOMKEH ORTH m HAKTONHOM 10:
Jomennn x CTEMKE.

Tip vuipavnuoaimm rommuns creiek yerpansior Taro 011000-
KOCTb HX, T. €. GANE pasHOf TOMB AMOR H TOÏ ME cree.
Jante creara hopyyior.

Tlocae suikpanbanun Cream umeror naoexyio «popuy. Jas oGaer
see Onepauin SaTIDKKA HM MpHAaeTeR OPMA CHAR KOMOAKM.

Tip opmonanmm Crexex KOXORKa YKAMBIBACTCA Ha KOMeHH Kaut-
MOM KHHSY; Ha Cen ee HAKTANBIDAETCH crema AHLEBOÏ CTOPONOÏ
K KOAOAKC, TAK WTOOM Kpan CC PALHOMCPHO DUCTYNEIN 3a TDAH KO-
SIONKH, W3aKpenaserca PRO3AEM 3a TPANBIO B nocounofi uacra. Jam
STOFO crembkä Buecre © KONDAKON YACPMUBAETCH B ROMOXBIAHON
noaoennu OAMOR PYKOÏ, a Apyroh PopuiTHKOM neneren HAKO OT-
BepCTHA B CTONBRE, KYAa DTADIMETCA FRE, KOTOPHI yaapox NO-
JOTKA 3AÓMBASTCA B TENO CTeMKH H KOXORKH Ma % cBoeh Aa.

Ads sumontemum tof onepaunx npuwennercn pyanoñ ere
N 20-22, reosan uposonowme 2X20 MM, HIMLIBKA CANOMNLE
N 20-22

Tlocae upaxpensenna creabki 8 HOCOMOÏ HACTH, nATOMAR YacTb ee
DISTATHBACTOR KACUIANU H NPUKPELAIETER K KOJIOAKE 3a TPANDIO B nA-
Tomo! tacts NOTOM MPIKDENANETCH CPCANAN GAcTh Cream NO ACeMY
cneay.

‘Popmovanue erensn OGccrewbaercn Tem, ¥TO ce Kpan © GoKOBLX
cTopon BUTATIMAIDTCH KAELIAMK, MeperiGaioTeR Yepes pam KOIOMKH
m Mpuxpenaniotea rnoaisuın, Onaronapa “emy crembka mpuneraer
E EReRy MONA 29 KO 0 TOUS, NORTH IPREBLAT #70

jopny.

Tosnn pexomennyerca sa6nBars na paccronmmi 25—30 muB myu-
Kosoñ sacri m 15—20 MM 5 resenomof m narounon uacrax.

‚Dan sroh uean pexomenayercn npHMeHATÉ nposonowne rosa
2:20 ww, Koropsie saGHBatoren ua MOJOBNY cooeh Anna m 34
THÓAIOTCA BO BHeIIHOI cTOpOHY KONOAKH

Takas acrora pacnonoenun ruosaeñ MCOGXOAMMA AMA Toro,
wro6ui ayaie m naOTRee HpHHATS CTEABKY K KOXOAKE, a Sarubanmem
BX AOCTHTRCTCA ayumtee HATHKEHME CTN, KOTOPAA CTPEMATCA HAT
yeaaxy npit BHCHXENNE.

Tipuroros.tewusie Takum o6pasou cresbKH cymarca B ecrectseH-
MUX YCHODHAX, T. €. D OTKPBITOM Bie Ha BOBAYXE NOMME WeXa.

ann. Borex 3a crezbremn oGpaGatuivaioren sas, Mpexe
acero OHH ROHDE Obere yaaanııen. Ecam out Kopowo YB,
10 Koma ÖYACT ITKO NPOKAMURATSCH WHOM, CTEMKH CTPOUKE Ga
TOXAPA MATKOCTH KOKH ÓNIIYT XOpOWO YTArHBTSCA H OSpasyior Kpa-
CMByIo eTpouKy.

ph. ni0xo Ynzanctennsix Saanıkax BOsMoxKHO OGpasoBaute Tpe-
aux TO MUY KOMM OT NPOKOAOB wna, KOTOPMe, COEMIMBLEICE
Mexay cool, Moryr PHABATS OTKANKIBAMIS Kpaeh KPOMKH 3A1HHKOB
To KKH CTPONEH. É

125

Brewtme npamakr HOPMAAHOTO Yaaacmenan SaNMAKO!

1) mpm cknazupanun Damon NONOMN AMILOM BHYTPS Baara He
AOMKNA DMCTITATD Ha WX THUeBOR CTODONE;

2) mocne cpesa TONKOrO clon MO TOPUY KOKA HMeer OANOPOANR
set, Ges MOAOCOK na MATE,

Alan roro wro6u YBIAHHCMNEE ARMAR He sucuxaM MpHt mepe-
pañax 1 PagoTO (70 OTMOCHTCA KO CEM YA HEIN KOMAREIM AE
TAJAM), UX JAPPTHBAIOT B TKAMD, NPEABAPHTEABHO CMONEHHYIO B BORE
(eukOBMY H 7. m), H 8 TAKOM BIE XPAHAT B paGovem TOMCINCHAM.

Tipu xpanewir CbinIe CYTOK Heo6xoaHMO TKAHD, B KOTOPYIO saBep-
nyra Arai, NPOMET cnerxelt nonoh, a Aeranh, KAKAYIO B OTREMb=
HOCTH, nporepers BIAMHOR TPANKOÏ, UTOÓN YAAHTB CAM NACCEHA,
a 3ATEM BOB SABepHYTH HX B TKAMD ATA A TBMEÍLICTO PANCHA.

Pue. 88, Cnycxanne xpaes saannxa

OGpaGorka saannxon Hammaera € TONO, "TO HX MPERBAPATEMSIO.
Pacrarmeaior m nanpan.ıenmn Gonsuief AMM,

Burarusaie SA2HHKOB NPOHSBOAUTER CHAYIOHM OOpasoM: OAI
Konen 3AANEKA 9AMANACTCA MERAY AOCKOR m NAONDIO PYKH, a AP)
TOR Kohelt Knemanu BurparHsaereR nooTKasa. Jan ayuuiero BRTArH-
Dalma YannuKa YerecooGpasHO OA KONCU SAKpenHTb 1ByMA TBO3-
RAM Ha ROCKe TaK, WTOOL apyrol KoMeU we ROXOAMI RO Kpam
Rockit na 1—1,5 cx. CaoOoans konen saannka saxBaTuBaeTcn TY6-
Kann kneueñ. Tlepernóan wx “epes Kpait AOCKH, Jerko MPONSBOJIT6
surarnpaiie sanmiKa, Tloccie 3TOFO «UMLEBAR cropona sanımkon pas-
Taaxupaerea AIR YAAIENER Mop H CKNAAOK.

Burauyrite # pasriaxenHHe 382HMKH NOAKPaHBeIOTCA NO MOXEIAM
PHNEMITEABRO K PasMepam canor, AI KOTOPAX FOTOBATCA 32H,

Tloaxpoenutre sanHHKH BEPABMMBAIOTCA MO TOME, UTO OCT
FASTER COCTPATBANIEM HOKOM H.IHUIKOB TOZULXANEL CO CTOPOMA GAXTAP=
mu. Tlocxe storo npoussoanres enyckanme Kpaes MO RCEMY KONTYDY
saamxos < Toil axe croponu (pac. 88).

126

Y nepxnero Kpañ WEpHHa cnyurenhoh yacru Aommıla COCTADARTO
25—30 xn, 8 xpoumsox 30—35 wit mB mel ACTH MO MMM 3a
‘TaaKHOK xpouxn 14—16 mm (pac. 89).

Cnymexuse Kpan SaannKoD He HOKU HUETE BUXEATOB, npony-
(CxoB, noapeseñ, ueponnocrei Mm. A.

Tlepexon OT xpaen 32AHAKOB TOC CIIYCKA HX K YTOMEHHO!, T. €.
mecnyiremmoñ däcra, Nomen ÓBITO POSI u NODO

Cnycxaune KpaeB JaANNKOR BEMOMIRETOR Take, Kak H MPU One.
patti no 06paborke creek.

cree m

AL
MERE Ge pus 8 a,
Pare. (8. Cepstorsrrne sess

Tlocne enycKanım Kpaes MOBEPXHOCTB SaHHKOB AAA ynazexuA
Bcex meponrocrel co cropons Oaxrapun OOpaGarunaerea cTexom
(nenaeren cockaßımaanne).

Ec sannuku He OaNHapHbie, a CocTaBmbie, TO 2 OGPAGOTEY ux
BMOCAT EAEAYIOLLNE NSMENCHIIA: ANUEDOR CO Menbinero maacra 3an-
WHKa H Öaxrapvanası eropona Gomburero aacra 3anıka, Jaxprinaeman
MeuLUM NAACTOM, MORMHLLAIOTEA H MIPOMASENBAIOTCA MERCTPHHOBBIM
knee, Tlorom Membumh naact HakaaxuiBaeTer ua GombulKi, npukaen-
BACTCR, a saTeM 060 MLIACTA CKPÉNIMIOTC MPA NoMOMH TPEX Aepenni-
Hbix NER; pM STOM OKA 32ÓNBACTCA B HeNTPe m no OXHOË y Kpaes
Sagna. Cxpenaenmble nnacrs, soaunka O0paßaTunaloren TAK KE, KAR
OMMCAMO BRINE, Mpnuem Kpas Hime AOMKEE ÖbTb CPeaankı, TOO
OWN ue BHETYNATE MAR NOBEPXHOCTBIO SaRHHKOB,

Buecto iimusex, CRPENAEIME MAACTOB 3AMMAKA MOMO MPONSBO-
Aura Aparsol,, 1e7an B salHuKe, B cpeaneil wacTH ero, veTHIpe-nATE
Kpymisix crex wo:

127

Tipm o6pa6orke coctasitix 342HHK0B ocoGoe BiuMaHHe OOpamtaTs
Ma TO, “TOO MexAY Pan Meilero H MHOBepxHOCTHIO Gomzulero
naacrà saanaKa ne OO reponnocreh, KOTophie OyAYT SaMeTHE n rO-
TonoR oGyen. Jlaa storo Kpañ MemblUero Maacta SaRBIKA ZONE
Gury enymer Ha-ner.

Kpome toro, Heo6xoaumo npannasto pacnosarare Aeramı no oTHO-
mesmo APYT K APYTY, T. €. MEHBIIRÁ maacT BAJARA ROACH MpHKpe-
sasrecæ 8 cepeaune Gombluero macra Tax, ¥roGu kpar Gombutero
naacra aaHHka CO RCEX CTOPOM BECTYMAaM PABNOMEPHO no OTHONIE-
Mino KPaaM Menbmiero 1AACTA.

Tonuuna saannka mocxe CIycKa AomMHA COCTASARTE B Bepxuel
sacre 4 8 kpeimx He Comme 0,5—1,0 MM HB nikel vacTH, nay-
melt non sammy, 1,0—1,5 Mu.

in naxoxrenia cepeanmes S8XHIKOD, a Takxe mn oßzersenun
STRIKE NTM, B Wire KPOMKH HX, MAYULCÍ OX SaTHAKY, AAA
orem snpeskH (naceukn) B Rune Tpeyromemxos B KommuecTae TPEX
uiryk pasmepamn 10 ma no Bsicore # 5—6 MM nO mupane.

‘Stu naceun OGaeraaioT yisaaky KPONKH SAANHKOB Ha creabKe
m oGecnemmBaror monyseme porno (Ges MopUAKK HM CKAAAOK) NOBEpX-
HocTH BO BPEMA SATDKKA.

Moeze O6paGoTKn 32XHHKOB CO CTOPOMM 6axrapıı npoHsBonNTCR
‘o6paGorka ux e anyesok CTOPONM, KOTOPAA COCTONT B TOM, WTO KUO
3axmoB y xpaes, ma paceronmm 14-16 Mx or Kpas, crumaerca
CTEKAOM.

Vnanennen HLESOTO CAOA CUYMEHHBIX KpaeB SAXHHKOB YCTPAHRETCR
B0sMOKNOCTÉ SATHÓGMIA UX B TOTOBOR OÓYDM, a TAKE COMAOTCA ÿC-
XOBHA Man AYUNO YTATIBANwA CTEKOB MA AMIenOA CTOPONE SAN
KoB_80 speux erpowan HX.

JaTaknası KPOMKA CO CITE AMUOM aerYe H AYUUIC SATATABECTEH.

OGpaGorka saAMNKOB —ROXKNA NPOHSBOAHTHCA Oel TItaTMHO
M akKYPATHO, TAK Kak OHM ABAMOTCA BECBNA OTBETCTBENNANE AeTa-
ARMA OÓYBM, OT KAWCCTBA KOTOPHX SOBHCHT He TOMKO Ce BHeLIHH
una, Ho à npounocrs. Tlosromy co6nonenm Bcex yKasanıuıx mpasma
‘o6paGoTKH coBepuenno HeoBxonMNO.

Paaea XII

WBERHBIE MALIHHBL
KPATKHE CBEQEHAS O MAUIMHMBIX MINIAX

PaGoweli neranıo mpeñnoï sauna Axa MPOKOAOB orsepcrÑi
D MaTepHacte CXpenzmembIX uacrel cayxr yraa. Onnompemenno € Ipo-
KanwpanueM orpepcTa ura CAYMMT AIR MPOTATHBAMIS HNTOK B Mpo-
KOMOTH* OTBePCTHA H YYACTBYET B OOpasosaHHH MepeneTEHHA HETOK
pt erpouke.

Mraa mpencramaser co6oit merazamuecrali crepem, om Komet
xoroporo saronen. JIpyroA Koxeu Hueer yrOomeHHe u mpencramaner
coGol naTKy, KOTOPOÑ HIAA BCTABAMCTCA B HPAOBOMMTEID MAWHHBL.
Cpeanan acre MPIB MASRIBACTOA CTBONOM HAM CTEPMNEM HI LA

(pue. 90).

Ber pasmopo à Mm
Pue. 90, Cxeus ram

129

9 Townes opnueperux canar

Croom aras mueer yuko u ABa Kanana — annum u Koporkuh,
B KOTOPMX MOMENIACTCA KUTKa IPH HPOXOKMEMN HPA yepes MATE-
puact B MOMENT ero npoKom.

Jimi sana HP CAYAUT ANA npeaoxpanenun MATH OT TPE-
E A

Koporxnit Katia HAXOAMTCR € APYTOR cTopors: CTEPAHA H HPEAO-
XpalineT Witky OT TPE TOIBKO IPH NBUACHH HrA DNS.

Tlpn nenpepsenoñ paGore, ueaenerome Ganbuioro KOMMECTBA npo-
Konos, rua OT Tpemia marperaerca. B pane cayuaes Harpes rai
aocruraer BÍicoxoR rewreparypu. B pesyabrare ona GuicTpO HpAXOAUT
3 erogmocre (rHeTCR, JOMACTCA, MCTMPACTCA u 7. 1).

Bonpocy psiGopa ira, ONSOBANNR HW H COXPAMMER Hx B pao-
HEN COCTORHHH HeOGXOAIMO YAEAATE CAMOE cepbesHOe BHIMARHE.

‘TpeGonanus, npensaBasemue x Wraam

1, Hem mon: Gure pasea, Ses narn6on. Hesnaunrensntif
worH6 Hra HeHIGEXHO YREAMUNTCR BO BPEMA pAGOTH. DTO MPHBERET K
TPONYCKY CTEMKOB HK K TOAOMKe HTA BCAEACTEME Y LAPOB O IIIACTANKY.

2. Ocrpne ur ZOmKHO OT Xopoulo Saroucno.

3. Vino —no dopıe nprMoyroasinka, Y KOTOOrO Merbtme CTO-
POB SAKPYTAEHE © MAABNBIN MEPEXOAOM K GOMBUAM CTOPOHAN

4. Tlowepxxocrs uroviox, D OCOGEMHOCTA ocrpia, AOMMIA ÓNITO
FABAKON, OomMponaumıoR, 6es Kaxux-m0o Napannn Han saycemmu.

5. Ulnpnsa yinka —oGecnewnsars MPOXOXACHRE HATOK, mpHMeHRe-
MBX na AAHNOÏ ONDA,

6. TayOna Amunoro Katar — COOTBETCTBOBATL MaKemMasbion
Tomine mur An JAMNOÏ nr,

7. Boxoësie MOBepxHOCTH YUIKA AOMKHBI ILIABHO MEPEXOAHTE K Go-
KOBHA NOBCPXHOCTAM_ KaHasI03.

8. Paceromine OT yuIKa AO Koma KopOTKOrO Karaaa (no Nanpan.ıe-
HO OCHOBAMKA MAN) He Mono MPeBsunare 4 MM.

9. Koporxnf Kanan AOMKCH 3AKAWWABATSCA D KOHLE MIA

à

BSAHMOJERCTBHE PABOUNX OPTAHOB LIBERHOA MALIHHBI
H OBPASOBAHHE METAN

lin usroronzenna XPOMOBHX SAFOTOBOK IPIMCRRIOTCA OAHOHFONG-
Hue Barparmunne Bee MAMI, KOTOpLIC HMCIOT. HAMNCHOBAHHE
SIKIS # SIKIS, «Bunreps, a rakxe orexecrseutoro MPONSBONCTBA
Uoxomexth 3abor), OXNOTHOMME c_YKA3AHHMMH sie, COOTBeT-
crseHño noapasnemEue Ha mamma 6-ro 4 4-10 Kaaccop (puc. 91).

Mau 3THX KXCCOB Xapakrepuayioren TeM, uro OU Mel?
maockoe ocnovanıne 1 kasatomulica (koxeómomuica) temor.

Hinyzsxn y srux mamon pacnoaoMenst B LEHTPE teanoka, OTCIONA
" asuanne x —ueNtpassHo-umyaewae. Y Mann dro Kaacca
B Kauecrse Tpawcnoprepa CAVKUT ayOuaTan IMACTHNKA u JaMKa.
Y man 5-ro xaacea TPaNCnOpTepOx CAYMAT KOACCHKO, DMECTO MK
TOXC KOMECHKO,

Bonny MANYTY mp MEXANMNECKOM NPHOZE wa stax Maumnax
NOXHO NOAPUITE 0KO10 2 200 cremkon

130

Bsaumoxclcrome paGow#x opranon np OGpasosamim neran.
B o6pasonanm crexxon yaacrayıor (ocmonitsie ACTA): uraa, Menor
4 HITNpHTArHEATENS.

B oOwen anne neras oGpasyerca no cnenyiomen cxewe (puc. 92)

1. Hraa naxonnren B iicxontiom nonoxenun (epxuew). B 910
BpeMA HOCHK YeMHOKa samaMaer KpaflHee mmxnee noxoxenne, Tpanc-
Hoptep 8 NONOENNM AAR TPARCNOPTNPOBKH NPOCTPAMHBAEMEX H3ue=
ni (Bepxnee nepeanee noaomenne).

Pure. 91. ¡locas veus

2. Hraa noaxoaur K yposmo ckpenasembix neraneh. Yermok npa-
wuaereh 8 vanpanıenun NOTH ABILKCHHA YACOBON CTPEAKE, HOCHK Cro
MOAXOAMT x tae. Tpakenoprep npoxsnraet ckpenaienbie ATH
» CTOPORY OT paGoraïouitero na Beanunky onmoro crexka. Hurenpnra-
Tupatend PESKHM ABMXEMNCM BBEPX SATATMBACT METIO, Aeıan Tem
CANEIM CT2KOK. OsHOBpeMeHHO € 3THM € KATYLIKH CMATEIBACTCA HATKA.

3. Mraa mpoxammaer warepnan neraneh. Ilpononman ABt-
xeïe BHHS, B MPOKOAOTOE OTBPCTHE HTA MPOBOAHT KaTyuneunyio
murky. Hocux wenmoxa saxoänr co eropom Mázoro Kana, Tpatte-
TOPTEP npexparnn Tpancnoprupomky m onycraaca au. Haremprrar-
RATER HANIMNZCT MEALTEHHO ONYCKATACA H MOAABATH KATYLIEANYIO KETKY
onyexaromtelicn rae.

4. Mirza a innen noAoRKennn. Yunko uray, npoilaa tommy mare:
puaza neTanel, waxonuTes xa 4—Ó Mv minke HOCHKA vermora, KOTODLAI
NpogomwaeT ADMTATECH MPOTMO ABIDKeNIs MACODOÁ CTPeAKH H 3axORNT
aa wray a 3—4 wa. Tpancnoprep B xpailten HHKHCM MOMOEHIN.
Hurenpurarusarem npoomxaer onyckarsea. Karyuewtaa nnrka
ocnaGnaercs.

e 131

5; Mraa mawmaer annrarsen Bpepx. Mpoiian 2,5 mm puepx, ur.

oGpasosaaa anyex mari 3 sine NETA, YeaHoK asuMaeT npauarach

no. «acosoR crpeaxe. Ero ocux

saxonuT B nero, o6pasoramiyio 2 7

uraoh, pacuimpaeT u ypeananper
ee, “TOÓL OOBecru ee BOXpyr npa-
Boh MOZOBANA MMYABKD, H ORO
AUT ee LO KUAHETO Kpafnero TO-
omens na mnyasre (pue. 93).
Sanpaska nurox
Karyuewnan muxa mueer cae
youll yrs: OT KaTymIKH one
BET sepes HuTeHANpaBHTeM® K pe-
TJARTOPY MATAMEUNA MHTOK, 0ÓBO-
RRTCA MEXRY_ ANCKAMI HATEXENER
empaña naneno, aarem MepexoJurr B

Pac. 99, Creva pacnozomenis

perio 0 yume seres

APYAMUKY HUTENPATATHBATENS, OTTYAa MOR HANPABATENS H Aabne
B YinKo IATENPITATIBATEAS, SATEM Yepes CHERYIOMHE HATNANPABATEAA.

B yuiko wras cuepa nanpano (puc, 94).
Linyaswas marxa. Tips Sanpanke sroß

suma

IINyABRY, KOTOPYIO MOTOM_BCTABAMOT D

umyasınl Kommak (puc. 95).

MOCACANAR — MAMATIABACTCA 1A

133

Ulnyasısık Konmax BMecre co uinyzKoR YTANABIMBAINOT EHYTPE
«canoa (pue. 96).

96. Beranka wayasworo xoanara:
= so seras 6— none eran

YCIAMOBKA H PETYAIHPOBKA OCHOBHBIX PABOYHX OPFAHOR
LIBERNOR MAUIHHDL

1. Hraosoauteas ycranaBannaerca fa, 4706:

a) ocrpne ncranzelmoli B Hero Hrau COBNA:O € ueuTpOM orneperun
8 nnacranke Aaa Hee;

6) paccronie MEXAY HOCHKOM H YuIKOM Hr, onyUteRHO! 3 Kpañ-
Kee mibktiee nonoenne, pannanoch 4—5 MM.

2. Mraa BCTADANETCA MSTKOÑ m res HrAONOAHTeAA BAD,
mpxuest Mami Kanan RomKeH HaXOAHTSCH enpaña. Beraatenwan ura
SAKPCILIACTCA PH TOMOULH BUHTa H XOMYTHKA.

3. TMpwxumna aanka ycranad.ntnaercn Tax, «TOG mpopesb &e Mpu-
Konnnach NPOTHB HTORSHOFO FARSA HTOMNOR TIIACTINN,

4. Peryamposxa wara cremka. Bit para peryasTopa moBöpaun-
Baercn BIIEDO u MPEMEMACTCA BBEPX—BEANAAHA CTEMKA YMEHBUIÄETEN,
‘pis — Deananna CTEMKa yDeanunaeren AO 4—5 MM ADM,

Fipx xpafiteu repxkew Tozomenn sitita periara peryARTOPA, ur.ta
Gyaer menarı MPOKOM B OXMOM MECTE, Tak Kak Tpamcnaprep
B sToM Cayuae me paGoraer.

5. Peryauposka naraenna mrox:

a) xarywewnoñ — peryañTopox: pl nOBOPOTE ero rañki no aco-
wok CTPEAKE npyHHA CAMNACTOR, AHCKH, MERAY KOTOPHMH NPOXO
AUT Karyureunan narka, cOmmatoTen MEAY cool; mpu Bpamemn
Tafıku MPOTAB YACOBON CTpeNKH CHA HARINA MPYAUNBL OCAAÓARETEA.

6) mnyasuoñ — nyrew ycnaenus wan ocaaGaenia manaeima mpy-
XUN Koamanka, MOR KOTOPYIO DROANTCH UMYABMAA HHTKA MPH BKAA-

KH 3 LINYABHBNM KOMNANOK.

Taasa XIV
NOWIMBKA 3ATOTOBOK

wos 4 EFO NPOUHOCTE

B roromux waneanax (oGywb, onexna) ornenbitnie Aeramm cxpen-
amoren Mexay COGOR mph nowonun MTOK. Anm cRpennernn npil-
WsTO HastinaT® BON.

lllos ofpasyerca caexyiouinm o6pasom: B TOM MecTe, rue xeram
HEOOXOAHNO CKPENAATE, HTOAKOH Maus Aenaerca NPOKON OTBep-
CTA; B 910 me orDeperue nponyexaercn nirka. Sarem Aenaeren cae-
ASIA npOKOZ K B mOJYUMDINCECA OTBepeTHE Taxe nponyckaeren
HHTK2, KoTopan Saxpertewa 8 panee MPOKOJOTON OrBepernn.

Hum, npoxoasuume uepes orsepcras, Ózarozapa ocoSomy nepe-
HACTENAIO o6pasyioT nonoGte CKOÓ, KOTOPHE YAEPAUBALOT B npiia-
TOM Apyr K APyry cOcTOsUHH cxpenmeune y dark Aeranch,

Y o6ruuex mmeñuux Mau m ckpensenin heraneñ yuacrayıor
ABE HUTKH: BEPXMAM, KOTOPAR MAET OT KATYINKH Ha MAIRE, HHOKKAA,
MAyuan or muyabxe, maxomauelica BRyTpa Mamma, Ora aria BCE
BPEMA. COXPAMAIOT ONO H TO KE HONOMCHNC: LEPXHAA PACTONOMENA
nO oRKOR cropone, a muxas no pyro cTopone cxpenaneuux ACTA»
en. B rome CKPENAREMOTO MATEPMAJA wITKH MEXAY COGOR neperuie-
‘aiores. -

Orpes0x HHTKH MP CTPOUKe, MAXOXMUAAÍICA MEXAY ABYMA NpOKO-
AMA, Naasınaetcn CTEIKON Aainoro LB,

Benuukxa crexKos ÓMBaer pasaunol,‘n aankenmocrn OT Ama
EKPEMARCMEX NaTepnanob, XAPaKTepa CXPenaCIMa MT, A.

Heckomsxo cTexkow, HXÿLUX » Oman PAR M CBSIAMADIX MEMAY
coGoñ, Hastisatorea erpouxol

Komvectuo crexKoB Ha 1 CM wastipaiot uacroroñ erponkit.

Crpoukit 6xieaioT ozHopaantie H MHOrOPRAUME,

Mposxocrs uma aasicut or:

1) npounoctu marepnana no expenzenan;

2) npouxocra wmarepmana uocie Cxpensema, Korza om 0cna67en
npoxoaamn ura;

3) ronuana Hronok:

4) mpoanocrn KHTOK;

8) vacrors crpoukn.

135

Marepnad npn ctpouke B pesyasTare MPOKOAOB amawnTeabmo oc:a-
Gaseres, npuvew TEM cnmnee, nen Bozize nPOKonon NPOIABELENO Ma
Fannom yaaerke.

Kpoue Nomwaectaa orseperull OT nponoaon, ua ocnaßneıne npos-
MOCTA MaTepHala BAKMOT H pasMepst HX, TO SABNCHT OT TOMARES

a.
Inn Kaxxoro Komesehnoro MaTepiaza Aonyckaercn CEOA onpe-
Aeneunan MACTOTA CTPOWKH MPH Onpezenenusix TOAMNAX. HrOTOK.

Ecan wacrora crpouxk Gozbune ZonyeT#MoR, nposHocTe Marephana
Gyzet ocnaGnena.

Tipounoers HNTOK nocxe OÖpasopamın wa, T. e. NOcAe CTPOUKB,
Gyzer suesnremito Meike, YeM RO CTPONKH. DTO OBWACHAETCR Ten,
TO NH CTPOYIRE HATKa, MPOXOAR Yepes OTBEPCTUE HTAM, HeMBTHBAET
pene o CTEHKM yurka rst

Ha mpownocro tsa Banner Tawxe m 3aTouxa nr. Hromn e pas-
ausWoH 3ATONKOÁ octpHA OGpaayior oTBepcTHs B MaTepHase paamHy-
Ho opus, KOTOpte HO-PASHOMY PaspyinatoT BONOKHA Marepuata,
Aaıe ecAM TOM MTO:IOK OAMMAKODA.

Taxim oÓpasox, px caruom ACTOR erpoKe mpommocra ua
MONMANTCA BCTENCTPHE YpeaMepHoro KOMMÈCTAA NPOKOTOR MATEPHANOS.

Ecax xe, MaOÓOPOT, YMEMBUINTD YACTOTY CTPONKA, TO TIPOMHOCTE
lima Tanke Oyaer mestawiremnol u paspywenne ero moxer no
HIM paspuina CTEMKOD. CTPONKH.

Tpounocrs mea o6smio nofsuaor nyrem nneremn propo
erposka, mayureñ or mepsoh ma paccrosmmm 1,5—2,0 uw. Baenenne
1perseÑi CTPOUKH AaeT HESNAUITEMBMOS MOBBLIENNE poHOCTH BE
NOITONy mpakTaseckoro suavenua ona ne mxcer. B xavecroe yxpaue-
HHA IBA MIpHMeNRIOT TPH, HeTHIPE H Gone PROB CTPONR.

Xapaxrepuctixa woo

Tipa msroTOBAEHAN SATOTOBOX MPHNENAIOTCA PAIE WBE,

Tasnoñ wos € pyGuom nonysaeren nph cxpemaemmn Aerauch,
Naxaansinaemsix oma fa Apyryio AMUEROÏ CTOPONOM BHYTPE
um mapyaky. CIpoWKa mp STOM mpoxoaHT mapantemHo 1 BXOM
Kpaes Caoxemtx pmecre gerasel. Tlocte CTpOuKH cxpenzenbie
ATAR pasnopaunnalorcn M PACNONTANTCA B ORHO TAOCKOCTH.

Tipn srofi erponke mon oßpaayer pyGeu, mpencranamonmi coGoñ
kpan coeannentsix Meranel. Stor PyGEN abicrynaer HA ILTOCKOCTHIO
passoposenux aeraneh (puc. 97).

Taxoh ton mpnmensercn Mp MITOTOIENNN JAFOTOBOK XPONOBX
canor (mprerpomka meñxm); om oßecmeunnaet 10mxuyr0 mpounocrs
CKpentemtr x AaeT BOSNOKNOCTE COSAHMATb Kpañ MeTaneii, HMEROLLHX
CAOARYIO KpHBMAHY (xorpuryparo).

Tawnoñ mon Ges pyóua (repemeroumuñ). pn stom moe xeraam,
HOAAEAALLNS CKPENICHNO, TAKE CKABABIDAOTCA OANOHMEMHBIM CTO-
PollamH; CTPOWKa MPONSBOANTCA DOM KPA6B, HO CTEMKA ee pacno-
JATAIOTCA He Mapanııemmo Kpam Aeranefi, a MOR yrzoM K nm, Óna=
roxapñ MCMY crposka MOAYNAETCR Sursarooßpaanon (nepemerownol).

136

Tlocae passopaunsanus xeraneñ pyôua ue o6paayeren. Meran mpnae-
rar Apr K Xpyry CDOMMA KpasMH no BCeMy KOHTYPY u 3aNKMAIOT

TOJOMEHNC, HastiBaeMoe EBCTHKD.
Mor mon wueer HeSombulyio mpounocrs M penneren ana

npensaparengioro expenuenia AMeranei. Oxowvarenbuoe cxpenseme
EX MPOMSBOANTER npuerpoukofl X HEM HOBO! ACTAZH, nanomennoh

Los m saxperratomel ero. [ipouocrs nepemerowHoro Tea 23EHCHT
OT npoukocrn MpIKpenzeria ACTA, JAKDHRAIOUE mepenerouibii
WIOB, K ACTANAM, CKPEMCHHLIM STHM LIBOM. TaKof MOB NPHMEHAETEA,
nanpnscp, pu cxpennennn cama xpaen Gepn. Ero npensywecreo
3AKMIONACTCA B TON, WTO OK yerpauger OGpasosatne PYCUOD KaK niy-

‘TPH, Tak H CHAPYKH SaroTOBKH.
‘anseaon enapors

Y ar
Y == 3 e—

Aucare emopere

bazmapna

Barre
Angers mop some

Apowes

Pare 97. Taunon wos © py6uon

llo» mepemerowms Bere. Jin ckpenmenus Stun moon AeTa2m
PACIONATAIOTCA Tak, WTOOS! KDSA HX HA YUACTKE CHPEILIEHHA CONpHKA-
camuch BO Bpema crpoux.

Tlo oneumeny BHXÿ, XapaKTepy m wanpastenmio pacnonomenta
crexkop, 3 Take H MPONHOCTR, TéPEMETOUNNA MOB RCTHK HMeET
CXOCTRO € TaUHBIM ummoN Gea pyÓna. Pasante TOMKO B MOORE
Cxpenamembix ACTAJEÑ B MOMENT CTPOUKH.

Tlepeweromuf 1108 BCTEIK CAYXUT ANS Dpemeimoro npeanapı
remmoro ckpenaema xerameñ. Okontarensnoe expenaene Aeraneh
xocTuraeTen Tak Ke, KAK MB MPEABIAYIIEN Cayuae.

Hactpowuoit uios. Stor los MOAYHACTCH, Koraa HanoxenHeie
OXIA Ma APYTYIO RETAMA cKpenamoTen Ges Moceayioutero pasnopaun-
aking. mx.

Tipumepom rakoro wea MoxeT cayacam onepa1a no npherpouxe
nepexoB XK rozennmau (HA BAOÓOPOT) B 3ArOTODKAX APMEÑCKIX IDE
canor, HAM MPHCTPONKA COOAOK X GePIIAM, HOCKOB K comakam (n Go-
TulikaX u nonÿGorauxax). Dro mauGonee pacnpocrpanennsh sua a.

Bunoporsei wos. Mo cnocoöy Hanomenun AeTazeñ apyr ua APyra
m xapaktepy CIPOWKH STOT MOB MONTH He OTAHNAETCH OT TANHOTO LIBA
© py6uoM. Orange COCTOMT ¿MID & TOM, UTO KOFAA CLIMTHR STAN

187

SMOCOÓOM eras PaamopaunDmOTCA H CHAAMPAIOTON 9aTeM Apyrumn
Croponakın, Mexkay HANH OGpasVercA pyÓen.

Taxofi WoB npawewserca npk CTPOYKE Kanra roaenm u crpouke
aura Gepen ÓOTIMOX, aaroTonka KOTOPHX MpoHaROANTeR m AarHOKY.

Crpoweutuifi mos XapaxTepnsyerca Tem, “TO CTpOWKa pacnoaomena
© mpyX cropor Cspenaseunx deraneñ u OGpasyerca ABYMA MuTKAMU:
bepxiek — karyureunoh mixte — mnyzewnoit.

llos nee oannakoBkiil BA c oGeix cTopon. TaxoR mos mpHMe-
HRETCA MPH CTPOUKe YUIKOS, Kara H MPH paccTpoNKe men mepenos
3arorouxax AIR APOMOBUX cantor,

MOLMIMBKA SATOTOBOK XPOMOBHX CAMOF

Bmkpoermele nera Mocae COOTRETCTBYIOMEÑ MOATOTODKH Hx CO
CXMAMIOTCA $ CKPEMAMOTCA HATOHNBEN LIBOM Ha IBEX Mana.

KOMILICKT xpoa XPOMOBsIX OPMIIEPCKHX cantor COCTOHT H3 CACAYIO-
aux neranei: ONU, nepenob, DYTOPOB, HOANAPALOD, YUIKOS,

Tlepex Han2700M nomiekH 3ATOTOBKH MIPOBCPAeTOA, COOTRETETRYIOT
AM META MO Kauecray n pasepaM apy? APYTY H HT AH HA HAX
Kakıx-an6o medextos u 7. m. Ilponepky pasmepos xerareñ Heo6xo-
ANNO MPOKSBOAHTE € MOMOMBIO Ka

Tpncrpoua yuxos. Jin o6pasonanna yuıon CaÿxHT yınkonas
yeebMa WHpHHOR 30—32 ww. Tecoma paspesseren Ha oTzeibitsie OT-
pesKit amok 150—160 mM. Orpesin sru ckaanusaiores DABOC,
à ATOM Kpas TECÓME CABATAIOTCA OJUM No OTHONIENMO K APYTOMY HA
20-25 mu m ckrenpatoren pesmomsm K2eew. TIpx To GoxoBte
rpaux TECBMBE OMAN COBMAZATD. CHOMEMIMMN M CKECHABIMIL Kol“
HAMM YuIKH BeTanamıorcn B npopesn ÓyTOPA Tak, YTOOH OM BHCTY
Hamu sa Kpar ero Ma 25—30 NN, a octamian Macro Anno 50—60 NX
Buixommaa sa Kpafi MpopesH AAR YLUKOB.

TOD E MECTAX pacnonomelinn YKOB MPOMaAIEBACTCA Kıreen.
Berapaemiele H MPHKACEMMEE YUH caerka MPIAINAIOTCA. YAAPAMH
MONOTKA.

Tocre upukaeiikn yum npucrposusaoren Ha woehnof mame.
Dyrop Kaanerca Ha CTOA Mau amırenoh CroponoR Knepxy, a yi
kauu enpaeo. [lepBañ CTpowsa npouseoaurea y kpas npopess. JLinka
Crpowi aoanıa Ouro paBuofl LINDANC YUIKOB: PACCTORHNE or Kpañ
popes ao <mmnn erpowkn 1,5—3,0 mu. To ame yınka nprerpoun
paroren Tpeur asoNmn crpoukaM anni oxozo 55—60 ww. Pac:
crounme mexay asoma crpowsoma pasno 1—1,5 mm. Koamuccrao
crexxon 6—7 ma 1 om.

Crpoxxa mpoussonres arozko Ni 14. las Beinonmenna srofi
ONEPaUHM IPAMENSUOTCA HTK B UBCT Topapa: BCPXUAA — KATYILEU-
was Ne 50, muse — mnyreuman No 40. Tlocae erpouk konn HATOK
‘pogeprusaiores Ha GaXTAPMAYIO CTOpOHY H Sakpenaaiores Y3:0M.

Paceronne or mm PéPTHKAMHOÏ CTPOUKH AO GOKODOrO Kpan
yuixa 1OMKHO paBHaTbcs I—3 MM.

Brasusauwe wein. Tipouece brauusanes ex COCTOMT B TOM,
TO mepena u roseHuuca CKpenamoren apyr € APYrOM. Tlpmew sxnoa-
MACTR CACAYIOLIAN OÓPASOM: Ha CTON MALIHHE KIAMCTCA romeHMULe

138

BBepX mom H Bepxi KpaeM nneno (puc. 98). Ha romemmnte Kaë-
aevea nepex anmow K rorenmuy. Komryps eh nepexa m ronenumta
COBMEIMALOTOA TAK, ATOGH Bepuiitubt TOMOBOK STHX AeTazeÑi Copa.
Crpouka naunnaetcn © cepeniist FOMOBKH M MAET OT HEMTPA FONOBKH
te o KOKUA KPHAA nepena H nepcanero Kpan sanuıa SATOTOBKA.

Tlocste npocrpousu oaHoH HOZODUI Kpaep Zeraneii nponssonnTen
-erpouka Bao kpaes ApyroM nononunms. Tlpn stom monomenne Aera-
aeû Ha Mamie MEURTRE CHMAY Ha CTOJE MALIHNB HAXORHTCA TPE,
acaepxy — ronenntte.

Crpouka wavniaeres € Toro MECA, OTKYAA HawMATACE patbure, RPN-
«ex HTA SanoAuTCH B OTDEpeTie Or mepnoro Mpoxoza nraof NPA Ka
Mane CTPOWKK nepaoit nozoBHHN.

Parc. 98, Braunsanne wenkn nepena na mauınne

Taxol MOPAROK CTPONKH HCOÓXOAMM AAR NPABHAHOÏ MpHroHKH
neraneñ pu cxpenzemaa, Ecan no KaKnat-naGo mpuNitans npoxsow.20
Crariwame mepeña, nenpocrpouemmißi Yxacrox cnerka nurarnnaercn
To Moaysems MEOÓXOMMOR ANA.

Een Ke mpousofitet CTAPIBANNE ronenmuta HAE BETATABANNE
pas mepena, TO HX Kpan noAKpanbalorca. Ilpn crpouxe © o2Horo
Koma mepena 10 APyToro KONA m OAM MpHeM MOMET MPOHIOÏTI
crarueame oxNoi ua Aeraneh, nostoMy welixn HX He COBMAYT, WTO
nptiener K neyerpanmmony Acpexty (6paky).

B santcnwöcrn OT cnolerd “arepas, paccronne OT pees
Cocmpamiaaemex Meramei AO AMHHH erponkk pas.muno; pH Gone
MATKIK M TOUKHX MATEPMA:13X (HANPHNEP, 1UEBPO, ONOEK) OHO A02IxH0
air Mens, B npaxtuke npauro paccroanne 1,5--2,5 Mu. Hacrors
crpous moJeGzerca a nperemax 5—9 cremkon na 1 cM, HO
Ne 11—14, nuria Ne 30—40.

Hroaxa u HurkK— onMaxosme Ha Bcex yuacrkax erpomK

Tlocze nraunanım utelixk KOMB HHTOK IIPORCPTABAIOTCA 8 CTO-
Pony Gaxtapust u aaxpenamorea yanon.

139

Eca » xone erpouxi mponsouren o6psin ATK m nexoTopsrit yaa-
CTOK OKARETCA MPOKOTOTHIM, TO CTPOKY HEOOXOAHMO BHOBD HadaTs
Y Toro Mecra, FAC OKOHIHICA MOD, NpH¥eM CTPOWKA AOMKHA HTTH NO
Panee caeanitim npokonaN.

Pasrnaxsante wma. Ta OMepanun SAKMONAETCH B TOM, uro xpan
cocrpoveninix xeTazeí, DEICTYnAIMLNE sa AmMeR CTpONKH, OTrnÓa.
¡Orca B cToponi Gaxrapuia. Ona panominercn cnenyıollns 06pa30)
ckpesennse ACTA PARPOPAUMBANOTER M KABAYTCA Ha TRAAKYIO NO-
BepxHocTs MPAMOPA, IMMTKA Hu KDMLIKH CTOA MUEBOÏ croponof
Hay. Sarem peOpow MosoTKa NPKKHNaIOTeR Kpaa acraneh u pa
raaxuparores. ps STOM Hato CACANT, ITOÓN B mpouecce paaraain-
Hanna KPI Meraneii NPABIHO 3ATMÓAMCS m NPOTRRONOAOKKBNE CTO-
POR, Have NH BHTOMMEHHH NOCTEAYIOLRER ONEPAUHH-—PACCTPOIKH—
OW Obpasyior YTOMMeHHA x KAYECTBO paccrpouru Oy eT HNSKHM, UB
noaysar wexpacnsui wun. Kpoue Toro, yropyaroets oT nxo-
Xoro pasraaxupanaa MBA MONET MPIIBECTA K KPHROA, ePABHOMEPHOÏL
crposke.

PackosorKa Da YAAPAME MOJOTKE He PEKONEHAYETCR, Tak KaK
5 3TOM cayuae BOSMOXKNO paspyuteinte CTPOTEH.

Tipnerpowxa gyropos. Tipuerpowka dyropon K ronenmmau Hauı-
Haerca € BepxHux Kpaes nerazeñ. Tonennute # QyTOP CKI8mIBAIOTCA
BMECTE, AMUCBOM CTOPONÓÑ BIIYTPL; B TAKOM BHAC OM Kaaayrca Ha
cron mamuts Qyropama Kunsy, a wehko, eno. Vron y Kara m
saxero cpesa MOABOAKTCH MOA MAY, KOTOPOR zexaror nepBBif mpo-
Kon B aware crpoukn. Mray ocTas.isioT B ofyutentom COCTORHHA H
Npowepmor eme pas npaBkabHOcTs moxoxenma rommmua u DyTOpa
Y Pepxero H Y WIDKITO Kpa, NOCAE VETO HAUHNACTCA CTPOTKA BLOM
ACTO xpaa.

Jus erpoaxn zomxia npoxoaure ua pacerommm 152.0 mu
or kpaen_xerazeñ. Yactora crpowkm 5—6 cremkon ua 1 ew. Hurkn:
sepxuan Na 50, mann Ne 40.

Cas ERTIOGA Kara, Dre onepanua Bunoanzeren past cnoco-
at.

1. Tpwerpovennste romenmna x ¢pyropa passopaunnamıen, Kad-
AYTEA Ha CTOI, MOB pasraexBaeTe#, a Cnyniene KPAR Cxpennen
max neraneh npoasuaoren Kneem. [ocre 5—8-auayrHoil npo-
ey GyTop # romemmue cKaaasınamren GaxTapmamoÑ CTOpOHOÏ
apyr K Apyry Takum OÓpasoM, wroGW mxecre € DÿTOPON B CTOPORY
roxemuna sarudaci m ero pal ua 5—6 NM; MazbnaMH OXMOÏ PyKH
Peryanpyeren sentwua sariOKH kpan ronenmua, a ApyroM pykoM
AeCKHME YAapaun MOTOTKOM MponsBoqHTeR oKOAOTKA Kara. Hanpa-
saeuke yaapos mosorka MoxeT Gs pasan. Ecan sarmóaemeli
Kpañ ronenuma sMeer pasNoNepxyI BEAHYHRY MO LiMpHEe, à JUBUA
eperu6a ero maanman, Gea HSBIM, — YAapıı MOAOTKOM MpoHaBO-
AATCH 5 seprixambmon Hanpasrenau, Eca Xe MMS maria ma Ham
HOM yuacrke HMEET KB H BemMunta SATHÓACMOTO KPAA BeznKa—
Yaapit MOROTKOM MPONSBORST B nanpandenm OT QyTOpa K KauTy.

oraa um Narm6a HET BEMYKIOCTS TO CPABHENMO € OGM
KONTYPOM, a impiina pas nocate Sara — YMeitbuiennibie paSMEPH,
Yaapıı MOROTKOM MpONBEOART u Hanpan.senum OT KANTA K YTOPY.

140

Hexocrargou 9TOro cnocoGa sarnôkk Kata mbnmerca TO, "TO
STH usa B paxe cayuaen OOHamalOTeR, BCABACTBHE “ero Bueumnd
DUI Kawra Na aNyrpeHWeR CTOPOMe 3aroToBKH yxyauaeres; HO pH
TON cnocoGe AMARA HSTHÓ2 ronemimta monyuaerca Gore Toanoi.

2. [px sropow enocoGe sarn6ka Kanra NPON3BOANTCK CAEAYILLLHM
o6pason. Tonemmme y Bepxero Kpañ no una enyexa mpomasti-
aerox Kreew. Tlocse momcyuisy npan yropa u ronetuma neperuGa
totes 3 cropony ronenua na S—6 mw. Temuaux omnoñ pykH pery-
apyeren nemumma 2arnóxm, a Apyroil PyKoA YRAPAMH MozOTKa NU
Komaunpaerca_aarnyrsik Kpañ, KOTOPH mpHKnewsacTeR K FONCHMAMY
co cropoms Gaxrapmet. Tlocae roro yrop u roxeuuue pasnopat-
wares, @yTop Ha yuacrke ciyeKa m FOAEHMINE BROT NPHKMEMHOTO
Kpaa MpoMaasiparores KzeeM M MpocynmBaiorer, Tlocze vero OyTop
Hakaankinaeren ma roemmue (Gaxrapma x Gaxrapue) 4 saruGaeren
y aman CTPONKH TAKUM 0GpASON, WTOÓR JMR MSPUÓA ero saKpLIBAAIa
IMHO HB

Kicrmo oauok pysu peryanpyeren semrma aarnGku dytopa u
BRMAMAAETER mina Hark6a, a apyroh PyKOM yApaMH MOMOTKOM
TOP mpuxozaumuerca K ro.tenmuy. Tax Kak xpai rozennma B TOM
Caysae ÿXe SaPuÿT m Kar CHER, ana SATHOKH, HCHPAMINETCR
MonOTKOM MyTeM Homenenna wanpanzexus yAapon. Ecan anna 3a-
THÖKN HCKAMEMA H He MOMIACTCA HCMPAB.ICHAO YAapanın AK MOR-
TAAMKHBANMEN MOAOTKOM, Kpail roMeHUMA OTKMHBETCE m sarnOka
nponssonures cıona. Hexoctarkom storo enocoGa sarnôk xamra
ABIAETCR COMHOCT, TAK KAK SarHOKa KATA NPOMSBORATCA BCAenyIO,
T. €. BeMHHIHA H IIPABMABNOCTD ero NPOBPÆOTCA He MO rONHHLY, à
mo $yropy, Koropuifi Naxomurcn cBepxy, mocne mepern6a pacs
Xerazeh

Mexpuaxenua aman nepernóa xpañ roxemmua wa Hepasnomep-
HOCTb oGwapyarcæ TOMKO nocre neperu6a dyTopa Ha Tomennnle.
Mlonomnrensioh eropouoñ 31070 cnocoGa snmAereA TO, 470 KAUT €
BuyrpenneRl croponk HMeeT Kpacusnñ BREMEN mn. Barom caynae
moayuaercn nozoGue pasREMHOË sarHOKH KpaeB rozennna m (yTOpa.
Creu ma He OÓNAMANOTCA, TAK Kak AMKHA CTAUKBAHHR SARA
BACTCA KaHTOM &yTopa.

Tipu Sto cnocoGe xpañ rorenmuta sarmbaerca ma 4—5 mat, a dy-
ropa na 3—4 MA, pie paccromie MeRay AHHHAMH mepernda
HyTopa u roxenmtia coctasaser 1,5—2,0 mx wa ucem MPOTRACHHN
aura.

Tipmkaenpanne pyropa m moanapana. Tlocae sarnôku kana hyrop
pacnpagnerc#, enerka BNTATABACTCA D ManpAaeKUM K Mepeäy A MpO-
Repaetes, xvATaeT AM AA ero Ara aampsınauns mba meo, Ipn
NpapHabHoM TONOMCIAA YTOPA, cnylleHe KPA ero y meño u LLOD
Mexx nepexa H rosemmna mpoMasiwvaioren pesumonsent Kaew. llo
puta npowasiasaeoro yaactka 10—12 mw. Flocae noneyuku pytop
CHOBA Buirarnnaeren 5 nanpaumenun or sarta x nepeny. Toneimise
u 9TO BpeMa yaepuaeten pyKoli sa Kann, a apyrol PYKOÏ QyTOp
paarnamnpaercn B HanpaBIeNH or anta K meine, ance npoxaga!
Mle Kas CTO BETATIHBGIOTCA M NAKIIDALOTCA, 5 OCOGEHKOCTA NO AIM
aa (packonaunaTb LOB He peKoMeNAyerca DO H9ÓExame paspyule-

141

HR CTEKKOB), BOTA 3a STHM NORKIENBAJOTCA NOANAPAAL. Cnyuenmae
paw wx. Ha YaacTke MOXAY KOUMAME MPOMADHBAIOTCA PESHHOBBIN
wieeu. Pyropa y ACT Kpan TaKXKe MPOMASABAJOTCA.

Tlocae noacyusn MOMNAPAR HAKACUBETCE Ha QyTOp, TAK ¥rO6H
Kouryp mefkn ero cosas © KOITypom miehrn roxema. Jas npa-
AHABNOTO NOAOMCHNN NOAHAPSAA HEOOKOANMO, YTOGEI Kpan Lieu ero
PaDIOMEPIO BHCTYNAAM Sa ANNO CTAUHBAHNA mepeaa € FOIE.

Cresan npuwaeiny monnapaaa, roacunune exsanunsior vance by
Topou BMyTpb, uroGW «yume pasraanum meñxy mommapaza. an
91010 moi pykofi roxenmue YnepxmBaeTen B CAOEHNOM BH TAK,
‘To6m Kan ero c3aaH m BHHSY COBNAXM; PEGPON I8LOMA apyroil DYKH
mefka nOAHaPRNa MpiKUMEeTER K mepeäy, à CRAAIKN Paarnakna-
vorca. Hocae npikaenbaniia MOAMAPAA ronennue PASBOPaMMBACTCA u
co cropou diyropa MPOKONAMH TOHKHM MHAOM HaNewaeTeR MA
RPHCTPOUKH Yukon.

OKOHUATENBHOE CKPEMIEMME HAPYXHBX H BHYTPEHHAX
AETANER SATOTOBKH

B nepeyso ovepeas mponssoanren crpouka Kara. Paccrosune oF
um CTpoxu 40 anımn nepernGa Kanra 2—3 ma 3—4 Mx, B 3abnen-
MoctH Or enoco6a ero sarnÖKn. Crpouka no rosemmy AONKHA mpo-
XORHTS Ha OZINAKOBOM Paccromin OT unan mornóa Kara, Manz
CTOCTH AH H MPONYCKH creKOB we RoNycKeIOTes. Harta erpousa
pH 3TOM Taxxe HOMIKNA ONT Ges MBBNINCTOCTH H MPOXO]NTB Ha
OAWHAKOBOM PACCTORIIN or «mmm NeperHGa GyTOpA Him OT THHHH CO-
‘eTpoausanua ero € ronensmen.

Heo6xoanmo, “TOGH CTexKH Ba Hi XOpOLIO YTANYTI c OGeHX
cTopox neraneñ.

lacrora crpowkn 7—8 crexko na 1 cm.

Tlocne KañTa crpovatea YIIKH AByMA MAPAICIBNENA aso
© paceronnwem wexay mm 1,5—25 vu

HanGosce orsercrsemof wacTbiO cxpenaenus nerazeñ 3arOTOBKH
smageres pacerpouka mieñicn mepenon. Jlummn crpomex Ha SToM yua
CTKe npoxonAT Brom KpmaoÑ, € Pasamuno KPAPHHOÏ mama KONTYpA
wiehkn, Ha CTPOTO OAMHAKOBOM OT Hee paceronnım (prc. 99).

Pacerpovica HCiKH IPOMIBOAUTCA AUYMA CTPOVKAMA: OXHA Npo-
xOANT no mefixe rozenuuta, Apyran — no weñixe nepena,

Pacerpouka naumnaetcs Y OAHOTO Kona nepena m axanuiaaerca
y apyroro. To aunt crawumams KpBimbes nepena c nepenuam Kpaest
Sanka TORCHMMA pacctposka He MPOMILOANTOA.

Paccronnne mexäy crposamn ha Beem nporakenmi nx 3-8 Mo,
pren ‚un CTAWABAMKA 1052 Mepena m TOZeMMInA Aomıa naxo-
AUTSCA Mocpeaune Mexay crpoukavı. Macrora exposkn 6—8 cres
Kop ma 1 cx, Hromka N 14, wurxn n uper nepxa: Bepxune — No 50,
woe — Ne 40. Tipounoers uiBa sHawtrensHo moBsmiaeren, ecm
Aa paceTpowKH Oyayr mpmweneim mwesxoue mars. KoM 1e
TOK CTPOWK npOTATIBAIOTCA 8 CTOPOMY yTopa m 2annammaoren
ysaom.

142

Tip noumske 3ATOTOBOK xpomostix canor COÓMIORAOTER eneayio-
ike npabuaa:

1. Cnyexanne Kpaen HOTKHO oßecneuhTs XOPOIYIO aarn6Ky mx M
npaeuaskoe nposenewue omepaunn xa upeinoh vanne,

2. Kant nocae sarHGK wpaen rosemmuta m Qyropa nomken Our
ORMIAKOBAIM Kak MO UIMPHKE, TaK H NO TOM MO BCeMy KONTYPY.

3. Beamuna mpnnyckos ‘kpaes erate moa CTPOWKy Ha BCeN
TIPOTANEAAH WBA AOMKHA Orb OXMNAOBON,

4. Ornepermn OT MPOKOAOB HrAO MAOTHO aanommmoren wir-
Kamit CTEIKKOB.

5. Bepxnan x HRIKHAA MITKA LOMKHEL ÓNITD YTANYTH PABNOMEPHO.

6. lponyexa crexkon o6ssatenstio ncnpananioren.

Pue. 89. Pacerpowa weltkn seroroskn canora

7. Tonenna H:@YTOp CO CTOPOME GAXTAPME Ao-KHbi Obitn OÙ
lew OF OCTATKOB KOXM NOCHE cnyckaïun, BO HSGEKAHHe 00pa30Ba-
mua HePORHOCTEN B roneHMUlax npu pacnpanke HX Ha mpabiiaax,

MOAKPOR SATOTOBOK MO MOAEJAM

Toromme 3aroromkK mepen xamielimeñ wx oGpaGorkoñ ueoËxo-
AMMO TIMATEABHO MpoBepHTS, COOTBETCTEYIOT AM OMA MepKe, CHATUË
© HOT saKagunKa,

3ro ayume ncero Anar» px NOMOUA Moxeam (sexaza), noctpoen-
HOR no Hauts cHaTO! MepKH.

Ann nposepkn aaroropka canora ckaaawpaeres BAUO, np sTOM
HCOOXOMAMO CACAMTb 34 TeM, UTOÓN Ha Tozemue mam QyTope He
nn cKaazox,

148

Kpañ ronerua saepxy, Y Kattra, ome TOWRO copnanarb. Ta-
koe Xe NPABHIO Halo COOMORAT H MPR CKTAMADANIA TONCKULA
Ay ¡muero cpesa (Y 2araxnoñ KPOMKH). OcoGenxo nano cneaurs sa
Tem, UTOÓN HHH CTAMADAMHA KPHIES MEPEAOD € rozeNHaMH
erporo copmananı.

Oncpaunx vumoanseres wa saxpoñnom crone. Ecam TaxoR cron
orcyrerayer, TO Ann PAGOTH MORO BaATb OÓLINRYIO AOCKY, KOTOPOÏ
nonbsyiores 8 OGyB'OM IPOMIBOACTUE, € pasmepaun HECKOMKO Gob:
nia: MO THE M MMPAHE, Nem PasMepet SATOTOBKH, cMOReNtHo!
snnoe. Aocka MPEABAPATOABNO YKTAAUBATCA Ha KOTHH, OCT wero
wa Heit npousboaures coorvercroyioutan paGora.

Sarorouka cKamwBAeTeH TAK, TOOK ammeñ narnGa rozenmua ©
mepenom oua Onıma nanpanmena n CTOPOMY xenozmuTea pa6oTs,
à 3aHHM cpesoM B MPOTABOMONOXAYIO cTopoKY.

Ha pacnpaprennyio sarotosky waxtasipaetea Modems (sexano)
Taxim 0Öpason, urOGW BEPXHMÄ cpea Ce B TOANOCTH COBIANGA € Kant
Tow sarorouk, mepezuni Kpait—c munel Harióa SArOTOBKH, à Bat
pes meñxn—c sbipesom meñn saroronkn. PaGora nponasonnTen
Tomo ¢ OaKOM saroronkol. Tlocae nanoxenna MOJEAM, MOCACARAR
yaepxupaetes PYKOÑ OT CABHPHBANHA B KAKVIO-AMCO CTOPOMY u OANO-
BpeMenMo © STAM SaKPORNBIM HTH CANOXHEM HOON MPONIDOJNTCA.
<pesanme Bcex HSAMWKOB SATOTOBKH, BHICTYNAWINEX 32 Kpan HA7O-
Kenmofi Moen.

Jan ycrpanenma CMeuleimn MonenK pexomenxyercs BPEMEHNO
‘expenim, ee BéecTe € saroToBKoll H ROCKON ABYNA TORKHUH TBOSAAMA,
EÓNBACMBIME NO OANOMY — Y KaNTa m y HAKHETO cpesa,

Mocne nonspanbauna OO SarOTOBKH nenator nonspanname
Apyrol.

TlonxpoeutiMe ronennuta eme pas mposepmorca, Ocnonnoe Tpebo-
Base, npentaBiseoe x TOR OMEpaniin, COCTONT E TOM, TOO ¿IM
Hua cpesa Óuna maaBHoR u Kpan SATOTOBKH MOCA CPe3a HAMHIIKOP He
vuean ÓN DEIXBATOD, nponycKos u ÓBLIM POBIIMA.

Flocne MOAKPOR FOJEHMUL HEOÓXOAHMO OTACNNO, LONOAHHTEMEO
aoaxpoire QyTODA, AA Toro BTOGH Menus Hx ummpuny na 10—
1,5 cM 8 cpeamen vacru rosemauia (na yuacrre xs) # na 0,6—1,2 cu
8 ocramnofi acta. Cpesame Dyropa Mano npoussonuTs 8 oGeux no:
AODMINKAX FOMEBIL PABHOMepHLIME NacTaim, JInnma cpesa Aoamaa
Gore nxamnoi.

Takoe yaenbmiense uimpuuse QyTOpOB HEOÓXOANMO AA TOTO, "TOS
8 roaenuuiax TOTOBHX canor He OÓpadoBazIOCb CKAROK u mopuni.

Ana Bkinonnennn stoi onepannk sarotosKa Pasopaunnaercn,
PACKTAAMBCTER HA ocke DYTOPOM KBCPxY U CANOXMM HOKOM NPO-
neuoauren cpesaute Kpax ÉYTOpa nAannof miei OT KaTa 10 KOK:
wero Kpaa

Tipu cpesauan xpaes $yropa xpan ronexnu nOATMÓLOTCA Bo naße-
Kame cpesa HX.

Tone nonkpoñ rozenmu neoGxoaumo cpesate Hama y mel
Hontapanos, 7, €, Tex MACTEÍ, KOTOpHE BECTYTIAOT 92 AMINO pac-
Erpouicn melt nepeaon.

144

Onepauta BEmOAMAETCA CMeAyKLIHM o6pa30M: saroromKa n pas-
Bepnyrom Be DYTOPON KBepxY PaCKNIAMDICTCA Ha Aocke, n0.10MEN-
HoH Ha Konenn (oncpeumo YAOÓNee NpowaBoRHT Ka 9aKpofinOM
ron).

Kpan nonapana, nonnexaune cpesaum, ornenmorn or pyro.
POB, OTTUÓALOTCA m CPEIANOTCA CAMOXBEM NOKOM.

Hox vo npeun cpesannm Mano AepXaTs Tak, UTOÓN AUNHR cpesa
Guna naxnokmoh, Bo H3Gemamme OOpasonannn pyOua Ha Cpesaitom
Kpae yropa.

Tip pranonuexun stoi omepunn HeoGXorHWO CHEANTÉ 34_TeY
sro6t paccTosuHe OT MHA cpesa Ho CTPONKH paskanocs 1—1.5 MM

MPHTOTOBNEHNE APATDA

Tlocne HOAKPOA rose HCOÓXOJHMO npHroTopHTs Aparay AAR
CTAVADANIA FOJCMMIX, a OAMOBPEMERNO M AA CTPONKH IBAMAKOD,
BuHBRUR PAUTOU m MH MOAOUIBA,

Tipnroropnesne apaTBk cocrowT na caenyiouux onepannit: Ge-
PETCE HHTKA MAH ApaTsa OMPCACACHMON MN, B SABHCHMOCTH OT ce
Hasauewis, OOo B NPAKTUKE YCTANODIOCE HPADHIO, STO JIHUA
Aparası AO.DKMa Obs B3,5—4 pasa Gomme nannkı crpousn, Típmro-
ToBAeHHe ApATBA HAWIMACTOA € TOTO, YTO KONLB ee Ha MpOTAXEMNN
7—10 CM CBONATCA Ha-HeT MyTeM BBLAeprHBAKMA H OGpHBANE HD Mt
ER oTnembntax BOTOKON paakofi Amin. TloTOM yronennmie KONI OT-
AexbusX MATER APATEM SAKPYWMBAIOTCA B ManpABvteNMH, o6paTHoM
‘oGuiel saxpyrke aperos

Tlocae roro Konus OTRENSHEX murel Aparmu B saKpyYeHKON CO-
TORK COCAMMRIOTCA BMECTe AA OGUeH 3aKPYTKH UX B O6paTHOM
nanpannennn.

B raxow Dune Aparoa xaSpacuvacres wa KPONOK MM rBo9Ab,
BönTsIh m crey, WarsrHpaereR 2a Konnsı ORHOM PyKOÏ, a APYrOÏ npo-
THPALTCA canokkein BAPOM.

Ian ayauiero 4 noanoro nponursipauua Bcex Mure uc BONOKOW
ApaTBHi PeKOMeNAYeTeR cmanara mponaneeru PACKpyTKy ce uyTeM
noovepextoro Kpÿ%eHHA KaxXMOTO Komma B CTOPORY, ohparuym cro
saKpyree.

Lim STOTO omWH Koneu parse HawarbiBaeTCA Ha Mare, à Apy-
TOR KOMEN PaCKPyUHBAETCA, RAR vero OK MOMEMACTOA MEXAy 1410
HAM, KOTOPUNU LPONSBOAAT JABHKCHHE C ORHOBPEMENMUN Tpennen
ona o Apyryio 8 Hanpamseman MOOKOAMNOTO packpyamaamea, Tpit
STOW HYKNO CTANTS 32 TeM, WTOGW KOME APTOS, HaxoMsUuNiCA
MOMAY JAJOUAMU, He BLICKOND3AN, Have NPOKSONNET 3AMYTEIBAHNE ero.

Korxa ykasatiioe ABUMCHMC JGMOMAME C JAKATHN MERAY HAMM
_KomoM AparsH GyneT mpoxezamo m c Apyroli nonomMoÑ Koma
‘ApaTBM, MOCACAMAR MPOTHPACTCH BAPOM, Kak ÓMIZO YkaaaHO BE, 10-
TOM cHosa aarpyunnaercn B OÖPATLON NANpaDACHHN, NPOTHPACTCA
xpanko N ocramagerca B TaKON anne aa aansneiuneh paoru. TIpo-
‘TUpKa APATRM Nocae MponHrKn ee BAPOM HeOÓXOMUMA AA TOTO, aTOOH
sap Oniz pacnpeaesien pasromepuo no cell Ame ce Ges ocranzenns
Kakux-1n00 KONKOD HAH HepoBHoctel

10 Mommas ognuepon conor 145

cratoune Man TOTO, WTOÓN “epes Hero mpouen yroneuuä Konen
aparau da nononnny cnoeh roms. TIponyntenmuA taxi 0GpasoM
Koweu AparTBk “epea YUKO STON MPOBOHONNOË HrOAKH SAKPEARETCE
RO OMICANNOMY Beine cnocoby.

TIpurotopzeutan aparna charmnaercn Komneoßpasno (nyten Ha:
MATHBAWAA Ha Apa AMIA PYKH) n XPARNTCA Ha pAGOUCM NecTe.

CTAMHBAHHE TOMEHMUL

Onepanus CTAUMBANAR FORCHNUN BinoaKserea CICAYIOLUAM o6pa-
30: SaroTOnKa, caOkennan BABOe, DYTOPOM Hapy™Ky, BMDABANISACTCA
Ta, WTOÓN Kpañ ee mpepxÿ y KaliTa H BHMSY Y cpesa saTmHHolt
KpouKi commanam. B TaKOM pie saroToBKa AByMa 1B03AAMN
Bopxy m BHHSY NpuKpensseTea K OoKooh monepxnocru clio
‘AOCKH, PABMeDL! KOTOPOH NO AME H UIKPHKE OM GRITO, He sexe
paswepon rozenmina.

Pebpo 0ck#, BXOAD KOTOPOTO MPOMSBOAMTCA mprKpenzeine 30.
roroBKit, no (ope cooTsercreyer dope saanero cpesa Kpan Tone-
uma. Loan, MPAMENACMBLE AIA MpHKpeneHHA FOAERMILA, AO TAE
muero Tomy Me Gomsme 1—1,5 uv, tax Kak Gone Tolcrie
TBO3AN Oyayr OCTABASTE saNeTHHe Cream (npoKo.u) B saroTOBKaX.

Tipn stom nano caenun 3a Tem, 410064 Bepxnub THOSE ne n6H-
BACS D CTPONKY KaifTa, Tak KAR B STOM CAYIae mpomsoliner paapy-
memne crpoun.

OcoGoe suumanne HeOGxoAHMO yAenTe TOMy, wTOGW par Qyropa
m TORIO MO HANH daNNETO cpesa MAXOJMANCE HA OOM YPORHe,
AR TOTO "TOG ANIMA PACTIONOMENMA CTEKKOR MPOXOJHIA Ha
OAHNAKOSOM PACCTOAMMA OT KpaA.

O6yvaromunca Bunoaneinao sToA onepauus pexomenayerca @yropa
m romemma BOIB Kpaen CKACHBATE, UTOÓN Kpan HX Command Ha
APOTaRCKHH BCEÍ JIM SOTOTOBKI.

Pacerosine or Kpaen AOCKM 10 Kpaen IPaKpenaemoj SArOTOUKH
He nomxno Osma Gone 2—3 ew,

Sarew nocka c npaxpenrenoñ Ha nef 2aroroBkoi Hmmm peó-
POM Onmofl CTOPONHM CTABATCA MEMAY KOCH u YACPHHBACTCA B TAKOM
NORMEN BCE Bpema cranımanım romenmıla, a GOKOnOÏ noBepx-
HocTbIo Apyroli CTOpOHB Ona npHKHMACTCR K GoKy MacTeps y nepx-
Hero peópa

Ha paccronmm 1,5—2 wx or rpann Kara u 2,5—4 Mu ot pan
sarorosku (3TO PACCTORMNE 3ABHCHT OT MAOTHOCTH M TOME KOK-
Tonapa AWA wepXa) Acaaercn npokom Taunum LIHAON. B MoMeHT
pokona 3ATOTOBKN LIETOM C NPOTHBONONOKHOÏ CTOPONE yACTOK sa
YOTOBKH BD MECTE NPOKO.A NOAMIPACTOA ARYNA MAMSILAMN PYKN, He Aep-
auteñ UNO, MPHYEM IRCOOKOAHNO CHERHT sa TEM, YTOOBI OCTPIIe
hha HpOXOMLIO MEKZY Madbann, BO HAGERaNNe WX MODPEAACIMA.

Tip nanzenennn vna us SarOTOBKR YRasanensusifi manel PYEH,
B KoTopofi HAXOAUTCA NO, JIETKHM HEHMOM HA SAroTOBKY OGecnEuR:
BAeT HERVE LTA ua KOKH.

OanoBpeweiiun c Nanneuennen MIMAA a9 SATOTOBKH MAMBAMA CBO-
Gonnoñ pykn (pexomemayerca mpnem mumomats Comm u YKasa“

am 147

‘reauutint ambuaMH) B OTBEPCTUC OT MPOKOMA mom MPONYCKACTCA
KoHeL LLeTHNLL, NpHveN AA ÖSICTPOTK BBMDAHENINE ONPAUIO Tazo
MpousvoANTD CHenYIONHM o6pasoM: K KOHLY LILIA, DECTYTAOMEMY
3a 3ATOTOBKy MOCAL MpoKow1a CC, BAAOTHYIO MPNCTABARETCH KOHEUL We
‘THN, HTOGM BCICA Ja HOBNeKAeMEIM 13 SATOTOBKH LHAOM B OGpa-
Sovasuleeca OTBEPLTHE Rowen KOHeN METAL, KOropah Hp 3TOM
yaepxunaerca anyma naabuaxn pyKu. TIponyeKar meray 8 oTBep-
crue eo6xonmuo ne Comme ve na 3—4 MM.

Mlocae nauteuennn umaa ua 3ATOTOBKA MAMBUAMA STOR KE PYKM
Geperca merHa APyroro Kona APATBM H KOHEL CC BTADAMETCA B
OTBeperme TaxHM OÓpasom, TOOL merma Ok Manpapmens B
npotugonoaoxuute eropons. Tloce stor oe mermki nporack
Woted 0 TeX MOP, MOKA Nepea oTBepcTHE He NPOAAYT BACysEHHBIE KOHLEX
Aparası. Tora Mambnsl pYkH CO UleTHAM nepenocarca Ha sacyuentiie
KONG APATEM, 3AXBATENDAOT HX u IPOTACKMBAOT B orneperne Ma
10—15 cu, norom GWCTPHM H OANORPEMCHHBIM BOMAXOM PY D CTO-
pews nporackwaaior o6a KOMIA APATBA.

Ecak Kouttst APaTBs NOTE BSMAXA PYK HE Ob NOAMOCTLIO HpO-
TAUYTW, MDNAIBORATEH NOBTOPNLN U3MAX PYK AMA HO-MHOTO RPOTACKH-
pauna ApaTom uepea orneperne. TIpn 910M NeOGKOAHMO CHARTE 32
Te, UTOÓN Leamuna pasMaxa py COMMEPAÑACE € TIMNON KOHLOB
Mpotackasaeolt aparası no HsGeKaHue paspeiBa ee.

Jan yramın cremxon Apara Geperca pyKaMK y camoñ saro-
TOBKI u DENTATANACTOR ROOTKAR :

px nporacknsanun nparsk depes orsepcTHe 3acyuembre KONE
$e ocraioTen B pyKäx, upuem MPH YTArHBAHHA CTEIKKOB CTPOUKH INe-
TINA HAXOANTCA MEMAY YKA0ATOMDMDIM M CpeAHHM MANDAME PYK.

Bo BpeNa CTAWMBANNA rONERMIL IRA BCE BPeMA MAXOJUITCA ©
pye. An nowsiuerns IIPOMMOCTI CHPENIEEA OAI BO BpeMA
CTAHBANHA HX UPANCHACTCR ACTAAb, BEIXPOCHNAN Ha TAKOD XE KOKH,
H3 kaxoÑt u ronenmute. Jleras nassipaeren npouvol. Jona ce 1028
GOOTBETCHDOBATL AHME FOJCHMILA, WHPHHa KOMÓNETCA B MeRenax
1,5—2 em, roma para 0,5—1 u.

Tiponisa zona Ours 06paGorans enexyiouun o6pason: zunenon
csoÑ DAON Bel AMM nO ORKOMY Kpaio cHHMaeTeR CATOKHHU
OOM PABOMCPHO, Ges BBIKBATOB, IUMPINA enycKa 6—7 Mu.

Ox Ha KOHLOS mpouiwel CnyCKaerea Ha-HeT Take c ameno
eropom. Hanna enymennoro xomua 8—10 ux.

Monoxenme npowest 8 rozeHHme MH CTAWABANW ee nomKNo
Gars caeayiomn: xpal, cnywmenniill Ha-ker, AOTKEN HAXOMHTCA y
Kaitra, He Aoxoaa 20 pa ero na 3—5 mat. Mexay cTaunBzeusiumn
KpamMit OHHIA Mpoulba ROMINA KAXOAMTRCR CDOMM CITYLLEHHEIML
Kpaem.

Tipu cocraunoñ npowse, Koropan xonyexaerem MU KaK HOKMO-
Neve, KonMEE ee h MecTe coentmemns cnyeKaloTeR Macher ma 10—
12 us u Haknaamaiotes on ua APYTOË.

Coeaunenne MPOLIBH Aomyckaerea Toko 8 sepyHelt rosoBume
vonenmnd.

Jim crexxon CIPOUKU PH CTaumannn ronemuma na BoeM npo-
THREHHM JOA GITE yAnaıcha OT Kpaen ronemma Ha 25—4 MM,

148

npaseu paccTostine OT Kpañ TOREHMNA AO CTPOWKH SaBHCHT, KAK 63170
eKaSaNo BIC, OT TOMAN H IAOTHOCTH Kom, M3 KOTOPOÏ BBI-
Kpoero roewate,

Yew Tome u MATUS KOKA (LIEBPO, XPOM, ONOCK), Tem paccron-
ime MexRay JMHHC CTPOIH H KAM ToaeHMN Mehbite 4 HaoGopoT.

Kpañ rodenmma Y Kara CKPENARIOTCH OANHM CTEKOM, YAOMEH-
MM TOBEPX Kala, à BHHSY, Y HHKHeTO Cpesa 3aKpencume POUsBO-
[AUTCH NP HOMO ABYX CTEAKOB, POCTPONEHNLEK NOBTOPHO R OÓpaT-
‚Ron nanpannennn. [ocre oKommannn mponecca CrauBAHR TONI
KOMUM APATBE CPE3alOTOA HOXOM TAKHM OÓpa3oM, TOOL! AA OcTal
WUNXCR CPESAMAX KOHLOE PABHAMACE 3—5 MM.

SaKpenaare CTpOWKY NP HOMO yaron He pexomenAyerca.

Ecm yo spema eraunmannn. nponsoliner OÉPHB ONOTO ua Komıon
APATOH, AIM MPOROMKEHKA BEMONHCHNR OMEPAIIR MEOÓXOAMMO Cic-
‘ats calemyiouiee: OÓOPBABUIMMCA KOMAOM (ec on OGopbasica ÓamaKo
Y CTPOUKA) HeOGXOAUMO CACAATE OMMN-ADA MOBTOPUBIX CTEMKA MO
pace Duierpouennim Cream Ges oÓpasouama Yana wa komme M
Mponommars craunnanne rozenma OGM MyTEM.

Ocrosute TPEÖOBAHIA PH BEINOAHEHAR STOR onepant:

1. Koaawectso ctexkos Ha 1 cw Aaerca He Menbue Tpex u ne
Gosse veruipex (np MArKHX TOBAPaX CTOKKH ROHL GIT wert
MX pasMepon, a HP KECTKUX MAN TOITHX TOBAPAX — AmHHHee).

2. Cremk RO GITE ORHAKOBEM.

3. Memay HATKOM cremka H CKPENIREMNN Marepnanom He AOMY-
exaiotes 3ASOPM, 470 AocTHraeTen XOpOUIER YTHXKOR APETB.

4. Jinmna pacnozomenng CTEMKOB Aeaaetca CTPOrO NapasiessHo
AHHAR Cpesa CTANHRAEMOTO rozeHnut

5. Kpan SaroToBKH AO.DKNA MAXOANTECA Ha OAMOM YpOBHE m He
MHCTYNATE oun Ha APYTHM.

6. Crarnnaune konn cTexKaM x o6pasonae MORIA HAM Cicas
OK He RonycKaercs.

7. OrpepeT#a OT NPOKOTOB MMAOM ROXKE SLITS XOPOMO aarıon-
nena Aparooh,

Tlocae BRmommewa onepauun Kpas 3arorobKm crerka TONTHUNS-
jOTCH HOKOM H PaSr/IAHBAIOTCA Ha CMENHANSKOR TONCTABKE.

Tipu ‘pemoatenut onepankn cravMBaniia roaenmu 200 Giro
obpameno BHMMaNHe xa moJyweme paBKomepuoh, OANOOOpaaHoÄ u
xpacusof CTPOSKA. DTO AOCTHTACTCA MpeiKXe ncero OJUMAKOBOR Ae-
HAUANOR scex CTEMKOB AanHOA CTPONKH Ha BCEM NPOTEXEHHE MOS
RooGpasinist ux pactoaoxenwen.

Onmakosas nenmuia crexkon no ncefi ctpouKe oGecneupaereæ
NPABHLIBNBIN PACTOIOKEHHEM MPOKOAOB LIMIOM, T. ©. PACCTORER
Mexay Mau ROIDKHA ÓSITO CTPOTO OANNAKOBEIMA C OGHX cTOpoH
CTaWISaeMBX Kpaen TONEIMINA.

‘Osuoo6pastioe, KpacuBoe pacmoomeme CTEXKOB npH Pyuhkıx
CTpoWKax HeoGxoaHMO He TOMKO AAA cOsRAKNA HHCTO mneumero 3-
dexra, Ho He B Meiburehi Mepe ANA MPOWHOCTH CKPETAÈNHR, KOTOPAR
MPH npaBussuof CTPONKE NOBEIMARTCA.

Bo spews siimoanena onepaunn MPOTABONDAOMNO Hanpannenmnie
oHUB! APaTB6I, nponyekaewoñ mepes OTRepcTua, OBpasoBaHHBe MPO-

149

Kosann umaa, WeoOXORMMO pacnonrars TaK, wOß om Konem
AparBsl MO OTHOUICHIO K APYTOMY Ha NpOTHKeNYR nceh CTPONKH 32-
HHMan nocrosioe MeCTO, T. €. OAHK Komen APATBH AOAKeH ONTS
epenwmu, pacnonomenml Cake K paGorarouteNy, a BTOPOÏ KONE —
sax, PACTONOKEHHSIM 3a MepBLIM KOMLOM.

Takum nOCTOINMM paCROTOKEHMEM KOWMOR APATEM H AOCTH-
raeres OAMOPORAR, KPACHEAR CTPOUKA.

Tip numozmenns pyswoh onepaung craukmanın ronenmn neo6-
XOANMO TakKe OÓPANIATD PHMMANME u HA MPABMIBNOS. NOM3OEAHE.
ao

Crens mPoKo10B uMION ROMAN ObiTs OAMNAKOBO pacnonokeut
‘Kak © OHO, TAK H € Apyroli CTOpONH CKpenrmemx neraneh, Dro
VÖecnewnnaeren, ecam LIHIO MPH MPoKanınamm Komm OyAer COXPA-
ATS CTPOrO MOCTOAMIOS Hanpanmeine w nonoxenxe. Hswexenne ux
MDH KaKAON HOBOM TPOKOAG, T. €. OTKAOUCHMC PYSKK wa BBepK
Man BHA, BICPEX AM MASA, MPMBEACT K MENPABHANON, expacnBoit
crpoure.

Tipu sTom, ecam caes mpoxoxos c OAHOÏ croponu craumbaembrx
erated name GyayT pacnonomeitst MPABHABNO B OAKY AHMGO, TO €
Apyroh cropowst mp MeOHAUITENGMOM HoMeHeNHH noAOKeMHS Una
OI paswecrarcn sHrsaroo6pasHo, T. €. He no npaNOñ «mmm, a no
stomaxon.

Jan o6zerscnnn OBABACHNA HABBIKANH u npHeMaMH NOMSOBANER
MIMJOM merecooGpaano pMamaJe OGosHataT, HMO | PACTOIOKENER
mpoKozon € OGeHX cTopow cocrpaNMBaeNnx nerazeñ

Kposte ONNCANKOrO cnocoGa cTauisaxwa romemmm, cyutecrayer
APYTOR enocoG, Koropkim MommayloTen Macrepa BLICOKOA samba
Kai. TIpx stow cnocoGe eraunmanne ro nponaonnTen ua
epesmmuoR sanmuKe, mueiomel nprémoxennyso dopuy samuel nono
potosi mpaniiaa,

Toaxpoennan saroroska ‘yxxanweaeTes na Samy TaK, “TOÓN
sunesas cropona ee Obuna OÓpauteMa K aanHHKe, a Cesare Kpañ
apyr « apyry.

Tipn TON santa na spews paGors pacnozaraerca Tak, 1706
OXHNM KOHUOM OKA HAXOAMIACK Ha wore PAÖOTAIOLICTO, a ApyrAn
yaupanach » Kpañ Bepcraka.

lan yerpamenun nepeMeLIeHnA SATOTOBKH OMA MPIKUNAETCH K
saaniiKe M VRCPRIBACTOA D MOCTORMNON HEHOADHKHON MOTOKCHHN
KoASLCOGpasHLIN PEMHEN, HASNBACMMM PB OÓNXOAE MacrepoB Ullal
sien.

‘STO pesienk HAÓpaCKiBACTCA a SAAMMKY M HON Hero MOABONATCA
xpas ronennu. Haraxente pean cosnaercn norofi paoraiouero,
Rponywteriioft B KINKI HACTE STOrO peME. :

Tloaoxenne rorennna npn stom cnocoGe craunBannn xpaes 1306-
paxeno na pue, 100.

Bo npeun ntinionneims npouecca cranueanus ronenmu npomea BCE
bpeMs NOMKHA HAXORNTSCR MOKIY CTAYMBAENDIMH KPAAMH TONER
W Ha OO YPOBNE € una.

Ja Toro, aroGW KANeCTRO aparası He nonwxanocs BO peus one-
Pau, » mponecce paGoru ee Haro AONDAHNTENID RPONATARATL Ba

150

pom. Dro rpeGosane OGyCAOBAEHO TEM, ¥TO MPH npoTackusaKHE
ApaTou Yepes OTDepcTun OT TPeHHs O CTEHKH HX Bap NOCTENENO
YAaanercn © APATDM, MPIIEN eM COREPUTEHHEe BRImMONACTOA One.
ls (e STOM cayuae OTBeperun OT ra MeSHaNure/me), TEM Obi“
erpec yaaimeren Bap m TEM MAIS HaAO RENATO AOTOARUTEMHOE MPO-
rHrupame APITOM BAPOM, Koropoe MPOHSBOAATER TyT ME Ha MecTe
Sea orpesaNR npaTB oT rozenunia.

Jun yspenaeius sannero uaa nauyrpn npuvennor sannie pesa
Kaaunacaı), KoTopsie PeTOXPAHSOT ion OT Merapanun paspyuleuna.

‘Tlaynacer BHKPAMBAIOTER M3 XPOMOBBIX MOIKTALOWNLIX MaTe-
prazos. |

Pac, 100. Craunnanne rosca.

TIo ame Jamnace COOTBETCTBYIOT ANNE FOMEHMUN; IMPuna ux
3-4 ox.

Tipuxpenaenne naumacon mporamoJurrca rorKoi npoanoli umsoh
R oGMerky ‘Nepes Kpait MpH HOMO mermmr mam ura, Alam yeKope-
Hua PAGOTEA m TIOAYUEHAA npasuabHOh H AyuneR CTPOURR NOMAYIOTCA
‘FOWKHM XpwBLAM LIMAON,

Tlepen monumBkofi mannacw co croporsr Gaxrapıu crerka cny-
CKAIoOTCA © ABYX CTOPOH NO nceh AARHe Ha paccrommm 5—7 MM OT
xpaen. Tlorom Gaxrapustiaa eropona m YYACTOK roseinmy no aaaMemy
MIBY, SaKpHBAeMNi TAVTACAME, CMaawBAIOTCR PeIHHOBLIM Keen, JAM
mac POBHO MAKIAMMBACTA, MIPHKENBATCA H ORIMMBAeTCA. CTEMH
AOMKHE ÓNTL PaCUOJOXEHE C:IOVKOOÓPa3MO HO OGOMN KpARM MaMa
<os, na paceromsnn 5—6 um oxHx or Apyroro. Tlonmmaka naymacon
spoussoaures TAK, YTOÓN CTEXKH Bel COC AIHMOR pacnonarannch
y kpaes aaxnacos. Bepxuuli xpali Jiauacop y KaNTa SarOTOBOK oc“
Taercn nenpnxpenaennsiu. Tlocse oKonnanng "mpuxpenenma sawn
PESTIAMMBAIOTCR H CIETKA OKOJAMHBALOTCA MOAOTKOM, NOCHE Wer
roaenutna sasopagusaiores.

151

Busopawagauue rorewmua MPOMSBOANTCA CRCAYIOLLIM o6pasow:. m
sepxeñ nacrn rorenmma y KaliTa, B MOnepesHom rampas, Kpañ
TOJEHMILA Ha paccromimn 4—6 cu or Kata OTTHGaeTeA Tak, UTO6H
Qytop okaganca BuyrpH, a roreimme cHapyxn na yuacrke mepernöa.
Hanpanzemme amin neper6a Ph STOM AOMKHO OMS HECKOMKO
HAKJOHHHM K WIDKHCÍ NACTH TOCINA.

Kuctoio Oxuoñ pykn roemune saxearsipaeres 5 mecre nepern6a,
3AKHMACTOA MAMANI MpONKO yAepnnaerch. B 370 Ke ApEMA
KUCTBO APYTOR PYKH NPOTHBONOIOKHAR cTOpoHa BLUBOPANHDAENOTO
TOZCMMLLA erKRM PAUKOM OTKHN2CTCA KHapyat, Buisopaunante
Toxenmma MPORSBOANTCA oanonpemennum Aeicranen KHCTE PY,

WaXOAAMLHXeA m YKasanıkom monomenu. Tlocae BEI
BOPASMBAMRA FOAHHLE PACHPBARTCA m paarna-
Kunaeren.

BCTABKA M CTPONKA 3AAHHKOR

3anunkn co croponsı Gaxrapısı npomassipaior-
(CR AEKCTPANOBUIN KreeM N BCTABAMIONCA B 3ar0-
TOBKY TakHM OOpasoM, uroÓn:

a) amuenas cropona Hx Giza oÓpamena Bo any-
TPeNHMOR CTOPORY 8aroroBoK;

6) saraxañ KpOMKa 3AMHAKOB no BCeA mue
copmanana © KpaiMi mipKHerO cpesa JArOTOBOK,
TPHIEM KPA 241HHKOB He AONKHB AOXOAMTE AO
xpaes SaroTOBOK na 2—3 MM;

B) KeHTp 3ARMHKA TO BECOT TONO copnanas
€ ane SaJUrero Ba SATOTOBOK; i

FT) KPMABR SARHHKOS pactiozaraaHch CHMMETPHT-
HO, 7. €. KPAR HX AOMKAL NAXGAUTLOA Ha OAUMAL
Pue. 101, Pac: — KODOM PACCTONH OT cepeannk;
mpanva mxatemioro A) 8 Depxkeil Acta Kpan SRHEKOS Jakpsinarm
Anna HAINE @yrop H FOLK KOMeLL AAMnaca, a KOHLE KPHALEE

S8AKEKOB mpmxpsrsazuco Gu GyTOPOM;

€) wexHue Kpan aaroTOBKH BRCTYNANA 3a Kpan saMKHKA paBto-
Mepro.

Beranzennsie 8 saroropky TAKWM OGpasO sana pexomenayeres
npenraparensno ckpenuts c 3ATOTOBKOA, TOM ORI He CABARYAMCO
8 cropony. Ckperuienne 370 BpeMeHHoe $ MPORSBOANTCA MPA NOMOU
ATEN ABYMA-TpeMA KPYTNBIMA CTEHKAMA Y CAMOTO HIKHETO KPAR
SATOTODKH oKox0 npoisw € oGenx ee cropoi.

Tlocae Toro MPOMABOMTCA nPHKTHBERE sanHAKOB: ORHOR pyKOkK
3ATOTÓBKA yACpKMBACTCA 3a MEPEA, OAMHOBPENEHNO C STHM APyTOR
pysoh pcranzemi saauHK NPHKHNACTEA K 3aroTODKe.

Tlorom sarotoska pacnpanaserca na sammnke (pue. 101).

Sami: MTOTOBAMOTCA M3 MAKOTO Aepesa, (opMa x pasmeper
mx NORM OGECTENHTE MIOTHOE NpHATANNE KHIM Acero 3aANHKa.

Pacnpanka saauuxa COCTONT 8 TOM, WTO SAFOTOBKA BMTANHBACTOR
» cropoHy mepena, Gzaronapa vemy oGecnesuaaeres naoruoe mpHe-
Tale ee K 23AHHKY MB TAKOM NONOKENN aaKpennanercn Ha saAnHKe

152

XOYMA — TBOSRAMM y MiDKNeTO Xpañ vpumer mepenon. Zaren
ponsnonuTeA Cpesaime MPOnIBE! nO Bee MANNE SamHHKa, AIR TOTO
WTOÓL aan mo» x npousa GHAR OTUETAMBO SHANE m oOnersanm
npaBHAEHVIO YCTAHOSKY Lisa. 5

Tlocme sroro, menseren Bspannnsanne MOBEPXHOCTR saneñ
MACTA 2AFOTORKH Ka Same nerkum Mocrykunaniten (okomaunba-
HEN) MOAOTKON C nocaexyioueh mpoTHPKOR cyxomof. Tips stom
‘Bee NOPLANG H HepoBHOCTH AOJORHE ÓNITO JAN.

Han Gone pemseduoro BSIABACHAR saanıka SAFOTOBKY no MUY
Nporaaxnsaior HATPETSIM, TORMAUNKON.

Tlocae pasrnamumannn saroronkn IPOMSBOJMICA pasmerka ann
erpouky saqunka, Jaa sro mem nomsayioTes CHEMIN HHCTPY-
MENTON, Mpercraprmomu co6oh MeTaamyecKnit crepxeHs € sy6-
MaTBIM KONECHKOM Ha KOHILE.

SyOUNKA KOZeCHKA PH TOM OCTADIMOT Ha KOKe CAeAM B BIAC
‘oyek, KOTOPLE oGneriaoT PAGOTAIOMEMY MPOHSRORTS mpOoKomt
LION Ha OANMAKOBOM paccronmmm ApYr OT APyra, Ilpn orcyteTaME
TAKOTO HHCTPYMEHTA MMM CTPOYK MAMCUAIOTCA TPH NONOWE Homa
© sarynaewusim MESE.

Ja npasumuoro Nanecems am crpovex pexomenayeroa 060-
avaNaTs rpanusl aaqHHKOB c TAKHM PACIETOM, YTOÓS! CTPOHKA MPO-
xOMUZA Ha NPABHAHOM pACCTORA OT Kpaes. Lax sTOFO mepen pac-
npaskoñ sannnkon € BHYTPeHHOM CTOPONM Ux ACTAOTCA TPOKOA
wow, KoTopuie AO OUTS PACTIONOMEME Y DEPXHAX KPACE 322
HHKa_B TOM MecTe, re npohner crpONKa. PYKORONCTEYACE caenaun
MPOKOJOB, MaMevalOT AHHER CTPONEK, MPHYEM IH AIA BepTUKAcIb-
EX CTPONEK nameuatoren:

a) 8 sanneii querm—e oGeux cropon mpoumu Ha paceronnux OF
Hee, pannom 6—7 mu munay m 5-6 wit Boepxy;

6) 8 GoKoBoR acTH — y KOHUOE Kpunmen saqunKa € OGeHX CTOpON
auuañ CTAWHBANMA nepead ¢ TOMEMMIIEN; PACCTORHER Mey STAM
HHI u AMAS HAMeTKH CTPONKH LOLKH PABHATECE 3—4 MM.

Bee mmm nam Beprukanınix CTPOMEK LOUE OTE TIPAMAINA.

Jeux ATA CTPONK Broa BepxHeTo Kpan SOAHNKOR HAMENAOTER
Jax, YTOOL ROH MX D TOWOCTH COBNAAAAN C AMHHEÏ TO LeHTPY
expenaniowero nepeza € POnemumtama y Kpaes WERK.

B sepxueh nacta y mobs 91m mun Romane CODMAARTE u MPO-
XOAHTb Ha OANOM YpOBHE € OGeRX CTOPOR MPOMBA.

ro namegaembe mun CHAN OTMETAMBLINH u COXPAHHIACS HA
Ace BpeMR CTPOUKH SaMHUKOB, PEKOMCHAYETCA MOMBIOBATECA HArpe=
Tom TYNHKON.

Tipn pasmerse ann crpowex 32/00KkOB. XOTKH ÓNITO BEMOMNENES
cnexÿiouine TeXHnuecKne yeroBAa:

1. Paccronmmm oT uukiero Kpañ 3aroroBKu (Koropsifi aomKeN
Gus POBHO MOAKPOCH) AO Ann HaMerKH cTpONKH Y DepxHero Kpan
Kot GuTb PABREMI B OGeHX ONOBHAKAX 30XIIKA pn nanepenum
a OXHMAKOBOW YALIEHE OT MPOLBAL.

2. PECCTOAMKA MEMAY MPOLIBOR u anineh HAMETKM CTPOIKA A01-
ama GhTL OANNAKOBAAN B OGe CTOPOMA OT Polar.

158

3, Paceronuna Meaay ante HaMeTKH crpowsu u auimeii Goxonix
LIDO BTAMMIBAMMA KBUMeD nepeaa c FONEIMINeM AOMKHK CITE ORK
HAKOBSIMH c OÓCHX CTOPON IBA u PABHATECA 3 MM MPH MAFKHX MATO=
phanax 9aroTODKH u 4 MM MPN KECTKEX MATEPHAAAX.

Tlocze paswerku uenecooßpasuo nponmonkrs nerkyo noacyuiKy
sarononox 8 reuenme 10-15 MiNyT B Oßmunıx yononmmx wexa. Drum
Gyaer gocruriyTo WACTANNOE BBICHXAHME KA, WTO OÓCCHCUNT NpOX-
Hoe coeqiiexne aaHikop C SAfOTOBKAMH ia DPENA, HCOÓXOAMMOS
ag DNOAMEHAA ONCPAUM CTPOAKH.

Beam movemy-1n60 aMHKy Ciao BHCOXAM, mepea CTPOUKOÏ
PexoMenAyerca cMouTs x Teno Boro! co CTOpoHL AKA BLOAb
Kpaeb np MOMOLIR YBAAMHENKON BaTbı MAH TRAMA

Hloce paawerki HHH CTPOWKH 9AAMAKOD, TBOSZH, NpKpenARIO-
mute saroroaKy K 3AJUNIKO, YAaamiorea M 2ATOTOBKA CHHMAeTCA AIR
OS

C 3TOÑ mesbio BATOTODKA SAMUMACTCA MCKAY KOJENAMI TAK, YTOGH!
roxexame 61170 OGpauteo KHASY, a SAR KDepxy, Mpituem BieLIHER
<roponoñ x pyke, B KOTOPOR MAXOANTCA MANO.

Crpouxy 3AMMHKOB MPORSBOAAT MEMANN ABYX BHXOB:

2) Wnao c npamum ano, Kotycom Kusy. Dopua orep-
arms OF mpoKoma MON Aoakıa Obir oBAMbHOH wa POM6O-
samof.

‚Ann ayumero Kauecrsa crpouxu c xopouieil yknaakoï erexkon
erseperx OT mPokoA0B umnos YamueMHOK eTOpONOÏ AO pac-
Tomaratses non YTIOM K AMA ÉTPONKH. DIM YCTPARAETCA BOIMOK-
MOCTb MpoceKaHAR YAACTKOR KOH MEX AY MPOKOTANR.

Bean orseperan Oyayr Hanpasñentt B2075 AHHX crpouu cBock
‘Yaamuenuok cropouoñ, TO B ITOM Caysze BOSMOXUO COERHNENRE Tpe-
Aunn, oGpasyronxes y_orBeperuh.

Öbecneuhte TOWNS PACTIONOXEHNE OTBEPCTAÄ B HAKTOHHOM K ZHAN
ETPOSKH 1OAOMENIN NPAMEIM LIMAON HEDO3MOKHO. x

6) Luao € naoruyTum xkasIoM € TAKHN KE nomepennum cenenHeM,
ax H MpAMoe WHO, T. €. OTBEPCTHA OT MPOKOJA STHM INEAOM HMEIOT
OBAADIYIO um poMGOBHaHyi POPMY.

‚Ana monyiema npaBwmoro pacnoxo»ema Bcex orséperui ne06-
XOMUMO HMETS MOCTOMINOS MOAOMERNE IAS Ha NPOTAKENNR Bel
erpowu. Dro oGecreunsaerc bopmoR ua, KoTOpan oÓeruaer
mocronnmail KOITPOA Bo BpeMa PAÑOTI, a HMENTO — BO BPCMA Mpo-
KONOB Ha MPOTAXCHMH mceA CTPOKN NINO MePKHTCR B PYKE TAK,
4706u Boel BEITHYTOM wacrbio OHO Guao mampanzemo knepxy. Ha
HoRepXNOCTH ero BO BpeMA paGoTs MOCTOMNO MAXOANTCA YRASATEND-
waif naaen (pue. 102).

Tayómka mpoxoxa munow peryampyerca xeñeranem yKasaresisuoro
nAxbua, Korophili CAyıKuT TAKE H OMOPOÍ Ayın KHCTA PK pn merma.
CKIBARH mena na KOR '

Crpouxy saamIxos mawmalor no-paoHoMy: OAImM macrepa Mi
“HOT ee © saquelt vacru—Yy NpOUIBM, APYTHE —C KOHLOB 3aA-
wa. -

Ilexecoo6pasmo masruars crpouxy san y polen uroës
<< camoro Havana PADoTH 3anıımk Gun npouHO saKpenaen.

154

Boxoowe crpoux, wayne OT HMKHETO KPAR 32AMIKA K RepxHeMY,
He JONAH AOXOAUTS NO AHHH BTAUMDANHR nepenoD Ha 2—3 MM, BO
wsGexanie Paspylicnnn INUOD ua BTAYKE meperoD.

BeprakaenMe cTpowKH Y NPOUIB He LOXOZAT 10 Bepsneh erpoaku
samunka Ha 3—4 Mu. B STOM mecre CTPOWKA MOBOPAYMBACTCA B CTO-
pony u nponomKaercA napanmcauno Bepxnel crpowke mo saatieny
kpato aaa. Bepxuaa CTpowk3 foam Kpaen EXHKA, Y NPOLIB,
Take He AOBOJUNTCA AO NBA BTAMMBARAA TONI Ha 1—2 MM, a mpo-
nÿekaeTcA BHyTpb MON MOB.

Pe, 102. Crpowa saanaxos

Tlocae mpocrpoukH SaAHHKOS Y KOMNOB HX MPOHIBOANTCA cpesaie
kpaes dyropa y CaMOÂ crpoux CO CTOPOHB Sazımka na paccronnnn
15—2,0 mu or wee. Tox Bropyio Gokonyio (Biıyrpemmioo) CTpowKY
dyrop Nonanath He nommen

Ecan Btopol crponxof y xpsita sama Gyaer saxsauen yrop.
70 no AAN UBA CTAUHBANUA Nepeaa M roAeHHLL PH JETEKKE oÓpa-
syeres BECTYI D Die MOJOCKH DAOA Deel PCPTHKAMOR CTPOWKA
Dry PRCTINAtOMYIO nonocky HAS YHMITOXHT; B TOTOBON OGYBU
ona Gyzet 6ecnokonrs Hory.

Banpenmenue CTPOWKH PeKomeNayerca mponseoauTh CHEAYION
OGpagoM: noce OKONTAMMA CTPOUKH OAMI Komein APATEU Hepes ne-
Goasmioe oTsepeTHe IMPONYCKASTCA BHYTPb 3aroroBKH 1 062 Koma
oGpesaloren Tak, «TOO OCTABIIMCCA KOMM Aparanı He Gua Come
152,0 zu.

Uro6s crponka Gkına poBHoR m OAHOOGpaSNOÏ, KyÆHO CTPOrO MpH-
REPIKHBATICH PAS YCTAMOBICNNOO BSANMNOTO pacnO-TDAEIHN KOILOB
RATES, a HMEHKO: CIN HAPYAHSIA KOHEU APATE NH HATBME CTPONKH
Gr nepexmm, To rakoe nonoKeïIe OK AOMKEH COXPAMMTD no neh
erpouxe. Tlepesena pacrO1ox HR KOWLOS APATEE npHPeTET K HEOANO-

A3HOMY PACONOHEO CTEXKOS.

155

Tlonoxeme umna no BpeNs CTPOWKH AomKKO GITA HOCTOANEMIM,
wroGo MAMPADACHMA OTUCPCTMÁ OT MPOKOXOB He EME KaKOTO-AaHGO
Haxaona m CTOPORY.

Tem erpousn sanmKon npuweuseren aparoa man npaa «Menxeño
» Tpn-serspe COMER, D Janncnnocrn OT muxa Tonapon. Llexecoo6-
aslo NPANeHATE ADA CTPOwKH wleaKOBE HUTKH, OOraAALOLLKE Baco
Koh mposuocrsio m MeHee NOLAAOMUIECA paspyliasoineny Achern
oxpyxaiwmeñ cpeabi (Baarn 4 T. 1.)

Hparsa wan apyran npaxca, npnweuneuan AIR CTPONKE saammnon,
Roma Gurs rutaremsio Mporurrala BAPOM u IPOTARUOBANA BOCKOM,
nine m XoNe CTPOIKH HEOOKOAHNO AeaaTS RONOAMUTEALNOS NpoOnn“
Tabane vapox.

Tlocae ainoaema omepamiot erponn oanımna, saroranka 3 HUK-
nef «aCTH BBBopaunmaeren aaAhnkON Hapyxy, IIA TOTO TOG cpe-
SAT» KPAR sanHuKoB, BBICTYMAIOLIME sa NINO erpow. Cpesame
Apan Saumon HCOÓXOAMMO nponmonur» na paccrommn 2—3 MM or
HER CTROUKH CAMOXMNM HOXOM, MPIMIEM MOAOMENIE HORA B TOT
MOMENT A0AMHo ÓMTE HAKAONCHHEIM K HHKHeÏ KPOMKE SAAB.

Tip cpesanım u3AHUKOS SOANHKOS HCOÓXOXIMO CACANTL 3a TEN,
WIOGM Me Guz MOSPEKACHB CTERKA CIPOUKH nA SACOTODKA.

Kpas yropa, saxpeimarouime Konus! SaAnion K momanınme Tom
Goxonyso crpouxy Hx, TaXKe OAH Orb aKKypaTHO cpeaamu.
Mlocae 3TOrO SArOTOBKA PACIPABAMETCA U MOMET CMATITBCA TOATO-
ToDaennoR K SaTIDKKE Ha KONOAKY.

Tipx ntinoawennn onepaun crpouKH Jana HEOÉKOAEMO co6.z10-
Jar cxexyionre rpedonanın:

1. Hparea aorxna Our» MPADMASEO MOACOTOBACNA, XOPOUIO npo-
mrana_ BAPO u HMETL XOPOMYIO saKpymwy.

2. Koswyeerso crexkos na | ew nomyermo n mpexezax 3-35
(® sapucuwocts oT Marepuana aan Bepxa).

3. Orveperun or mporozos wow Yarnnennoli croponoA 102 EI
METH HAKOMOS X AMIA CTPOSKH NONOMCHNE a POTHXEMMN ncch
eTPONKH H NoAHOCTHIO JAMONES APATEOA CTEMKOD.

4. Crpouxa zomkma Outs oxtooGpasnoï m mpawoamneñno e x0-
Pomo yranyrunn crexKan.

5. Yanai ma muesol cropone saanuka ne xonÿexaiores.

6. Ha amesoh cropone 2anumsa noane orneperuh OT mpokonon
una we LONYCKAOTCA TPELINNS AMIA, Kon,

7. Jaume mepxunun KPaaX ROMAN HpHKpLiBAr (yTOp 1 Kohent
asumacos.

8. Jima ropusonramnoñ crpouxx aanımkon AOMKNA ~npOKOANT
me PACCTORMAN 3 MM OT BepxNwX Kpace SAMMNROR ocre cpesa
AMOS 1x.

9. Jina seprkammex erpoveR, Y. €. HAÿLUX DBCPX HO say
omic Ors pau

10. Kommuecreo cresskon ma 1 cu Ha ueex yuscrkax erpouh
Anercn oannaxonoe.

11. Paccronman Mexay anuelt saquero usa u aunneh craunanın
nepena ¢ ronennmann RODKMA Cure OAMAKOBMMN KEK B NOAYNADE,
Tax HB nape,

156

12. Saxpenaenue crpouex yalaın ne zonyekacren.

13, Orneperun OT MPOKONOD IMAOM AOMKRE Gus xopoWIO
sanomens Aparnol.

Tlocne NPHCTPOUKH JGANIKOD JATOTOBKH HCPERAIOTCA MA SATAKKY.

OCOBEHHOCTH NOWHBKH 3ATOTOBOK
CAMOF © KECTKHMH JIAMIACAMI

Kectkue 1AMTACHI MPAMEKAIOTOA B canorax ANA UPUAGRMA AM AY9-
lero mwexnnero BAR H YCTPANCHNE CNOASAHAA POCHE NPA HOCKE
cantor.

DKecrkwe nawmachi asixpausaiorca M3 CTEIENHOTO noaysana Toa
murio 2—25 wu. llocxe coorsercrayiomeñ oSpa6oTkH ont
BKACHBRIOTCA MEMAy roJeumuama u dyropaum. Bepxmie Kpan Hx
HOJXOJAIT BNAOTHYIO K KATY TOZHHIN, A HHOKHME Me ROXORAT
AO AAN CTPONKH 3ATHAROB, CTHTAR MO SAAMeMy wey romenuua,
Ha 30--35 wat.

Jaumach ROA ¡META IIMPaR: Y Bepxuero m HiDKHETO Kpaen
80—90 mu, 8 expe 95—100 ux.

Buxpoene aumacst oGpaGatuisaioren B czeayrouiem mo
pane:

Yeaaxuenne. Jlavmach YBAAXHAOTCR nyreM NOMEMEMER B COCYR
© Bonoli ma 1—2 vaca (B 9ABHCHMOCTA OT NaOTHOCTH Koh), a 3aTeM
npossantaloren OGuanoñ mponeioh.

Crpoxxa m cnyckanne kpaen. Jlawnacit ROMAN Out OnHHaKO-
BLIMA no Tommune. Io AOCTHTACTCR CTPOMKOR UX CANOM HEIN HOMOM
co cropoma Gaxrapuu. Teper STAN nponsnoanren PACTIMKA nanmacon
sepes Tpalb AOCKH u paarsarKHBaHHe MHIEROÏ MOBEPXROCTA.

Crpomka mpoxsuoawten HA MPaNOpHOÏ mare HA Aepenankof
aocke.

Bhpasmennme no Tome MAMMICH MOAKPAHBAOTOA NO MOXEAIM,
a SATEM cnyckatores Y Kpaes.

Jan storo ¢ AMUCBOÍ CTOPOMB CHMMACTCA CAOR Komm Ha paccToR-
nan 15—20 um no Gokommm Kpañw 1 30—35 MM— no BepxneMy H
HAM KpaTM.

Bare co cropousi Gaxrapııı Kpan CIYCKMOTCA Ha-HeT Buepay na
25-30 mx, simay na 18—20 mu. Boxoume kpaa TOxe CIYCKAOTCA
Na-weT na % aceft mmpmms navmaca. Tloce oGpaGorkn HOxOM BCH
MODEPXHOCTL JIAMNACA CTCKAMTCA,

B rorovoM pine XECTKNC maMuace AOUKHA HMCTE opMY:
wepxani Kpak—roaenama caaAıı, — HAIR — ROrHYTOR BHYTph
Ayr e seaaaoñ npornGa, pasioh 3—4 wo. Vra y HHKHerO Kpañ
HeMHOTO saxpyramores.

K moxueny Kpato, 8 MX uenrpe, mpaumbalorca Ka mseñnoñ ma-
mnie Markie DNyTpeHINMe PCM, BMKPOCHNHC 3 BEPKAHK HE NO
SIX MOAKAATOMNX XOMOBHX KOK. Illnpnna sTHX pemneh 28-30 10,
“Amina — no pasMepy sarorosKn, HivkHHe Kpag EX OKHE CODTANATE
© men xpanun saroronox. Pes no xpañ € Tpex eropo (an
HekmoveHHeN HHXKErO KPAR) CNYCKAKTCR C AHNEBOR CTODOMAL Ha-HeT.
Tiimpuua enyexa 6—7 Mu. Man npucrpoukn pemiu MANO ABIBALOTCA Ha

157

xecrkie nanmacst Ha 10—12 MM $ mpnerpounsaioren YETEAPEMA CTPOS=
Kann ua mamune. Yactora crpowKu—5—6 cremKos Ha 1 CM, RUTKH—
Ne 30, uroma — Ne 14.

Hlownsxa saroronox. Jaroronku canor © Kecrkim HeMnacaum
nouWraloren OÖBIUNKIM CMOCOÓOM, Ho C HEKOTOPAMH HAMENEHAAUN.

Pacerponka melixa nponssoaunen Ges dyropa m nozmepana. Los
mein ykpenaserea nyrem noue CO CTopoms Gaxtapmss cne-
Unanbio puxpoenx Aeraneh (nerymkoB) no dope meñkn. Ilnpuna
mx 15—20 mu. Tlerywiky EKPAMBAOTCR H3 TOHKHX, HO IPOYKEX XPO-
MOBWX HI WeBPOBIX AOCKYTKOB (OTxOAM Kon).

Co cropos Gaxrapwu onu cnyekaïoren na-ner no oGerat pan
ma 4—5 xa. Tlepen npherpoaxoñ neryuikd HaknemBaioren Ha moe
Gaxrapwoi siyTpp.

Tlonapaauı npherpoumemores K ytopy oTAeJbro Anohnoh cTpoy-
of. Man sroro ha pyrope manetacren Ronomemne NONHAPATOB, KO
TOPE Mepex MPHCTPONKON MpEABAPHTEMHO MpHK.teMBAIOTER K DYTO-
pam,

Craunanne saroronok. Toneruuta m dytopa crambaiorca pas-
xemno. Tomennua € mpoupol (npH TOHKOM u MATKON Marepnane) MO-
xo cxpenaT5 xsofinof erpowxoli na msefnoñ Mae c paccronmment
Mexcny man xpaexs romein 1,0—1,25 mu. Hanan — Ne 30, aroma
MN 11—14. Yacrora erpouxn 6—7 crexxoB Ha 1 cm.

Tonennua craynsaiorca Bpysiyio MAH HA Maine CTPOWKOR € PyO-
ou, nou na Gaxtapuy, Mais pasraaxusaiores,

Bxaeñka aannacon. Teper axıennannen Kama zavnac cknane
Baerc Base Oaxrapmofi BHYTpS no MMe. JInHHA nepernón meme
Anerca HyTeM JETKOTO okonaunanmn. Ira ammua CAYAET opnemrmpos-
Kofi As mpanmnsuoro naroenna 1amnaca. KpoMe Toro, no AH ne-
pera pacnonaraerca mos (yTODa, Onaronapa weMy Aaumac. mpeno-
xpansetes OT CABHOB B cTopony. Jlawnacs! BRTEHBAIOTOR CAERYIOLLEM
O6pasom: sat Nacr» DYTOpA mo wBy pacnpabaneren ta saannke
npétha, Totow “avrac nponaasinaeren Kien m nakzennaeren Ha Qy=
TOP Tak, WTOÓR ero Sepxam Kpah mOnOMIex BMIOTIVIO K BepxHEMY
Kary, a mua nepernÓa cosnasia CO weoM YTOpa.

lo Goxam kpas “aammacon na paceroaman 15—20 uu xneem ne npo-
maossatores, Tlocae naknehku ana paaraaxupaercs. Onnonpe-
Meno mposepweTes, NTOOB yTOP MPasiabno MpyksewncR K TAMNACY
m NE O0pasonsinan cKaanok,

Save IpomasMiBatoT APYTYIO cropony naunaca (annenyr), noce
wero FOMENNINE DLBOPAWLBAOT, BUPADKNBAIOT H HAKACHBAJOT Ha JAN-
mac. Tipowsa xommkHa conmacte c Amiel nepernöa aanmaca. Tp no-
MOLAK CYKONKH, ACPEBAMHOTO TOKMAUHKA HT. M. FOMHHULE Pasta“
BaeTea H NAOTNO UPNKAENDACTER K TAMMACY.

Ha spews Buicixanns m npenraparemnoro Popuonaunn naumacor
FonenuuLa PaCIPADASIOTCA va npanhnax HB TAKON BUAE OCTABAMIOTER
Teuenne 4—6 wacon.

Tlepen BRIEAKON saannKov 8 MAPKIX PEMMAX Ha Yuacrke, aakpk-
PACHOM 2AMKHKOM, AMPEAATCH MOJOCKA HO PASMCPaM, AOCTATOUMM
AUS TOTO, WTOÓN 6 BRpesKax AOMECTHICA OR aaroTOBKH.

B ocTanbom Texnoaoruseckali npouece OCTACTCA Ges HSMCNEIA.

158 A

OCOBEHHOCTH MOLIMBKH CANO C KECTKHMH SYTOPAMH
JKecrxne QYTODA BEXPAMBRIOTA M3 CTEMESMOTO NOIYBANa TOMAN
Holi 2,0—2,5 nu. Pasmepsi yTopos no AAHMe Tanne KE, Kak u Kect-
Kax JaNnaco, a no UMPHNE om Jake ronenmu ma 2530 war (npn-
sex MO Ane OH He AOMKHLE ROXOAMTE Ha 15—20 MM RO rOMOBKH
weist).

B moxneñ uacrn Qyropa AomxHEY GWTS MLIOTHAIMN H croft,
TAX KaK B 9TOM MCCTE OMA Goabile Beer MOABEpraiOTeR pacTarnnar.
ALU YORAHAKE TIPA nageranıa m CHHMaHMH Canor, TIpn ne/tocrarounoh
eToiikoctn Marepmana @YTopa GWCTPO nOTepÑiOT cBoK Dopuy.

Tlpn xkecTKHX yropax MAPKHC JIaMMAcLi npHMeHmOTeH HOM KOU-
crpykuu. Ona uu onoanstor KecTKHe ¢yTopa mo June a nımxnei
wactn.

Buecre © KeCTKAMH QVTOPANA NPHMEHMOTEE u ACCTKUC ¿1AMNACH
KOTOPL€ CAYMAT AIR COXPANENH mpowmocTú SanHerO misa H COXpa-
einst erolixocra @yropor. On AommHSL Gare Ma 5 MM Kopone dye
Topon. OGpadorka 3Tmx Aeranel umeer EaxHoe suavenne.

XKeerkue dyropa oOpaGarusaores cneayioun oGpasoxt

Yaaannenne. Jin oönersenin 0GpaGor u Gopuorarma punpoen-
mue nO aeKaman KECTKHE yTOpa YAAKHMOTEA H NPOBRNMBAIOTCA.
Vnnamuene AOMUO GsiTb AOCTATONHLIM RIA TOO, NTOGH KOKA x0-
Pomo mponnimnac u MHAMTENNO. Paasirunach.

Crpoxxa na crane. ÖyTopa HEOÓXOANMO FHPABHATS nO TOzILLNNe-
TO nocruraeres MYTEM cHHMäHUR CO CTOPORBI GaXTAPMM HEKOTOPOrO
(CO KOXH nyzeM cocTparasaumn

Onepantis BMMOAMAETER CAEAyIONUIM OÓpazoM: Ha cnennambnose
crauke anu OÖMNNON xocke € onopoll Ha mony yKpenzserca dyTOP
Gaxrapuol napyXy. Crpyrom C ucravHuMm HOKOM NPOHSBOAKTEN
CTpoxKa Ao noayuenun pannomepnofi Ton hyropa no ncei mao
mann.

Cnycxanne xpaes € auueso cropos. C anuesoil cTopons y sepx-
Hero «pas, mAylero MOR KAKT, CimMaercn TOKHA caolt mmpnuof 5—
8 un; roma enyexa 0,5--1,0 uw. Y moxnero Kpañ c Ana cm
Maetea caof 5 0,5—1,0 wa Tommmmoh u 15-18 mM umpnmof.
Tlo saaemy xpaïo € alta cnänaercs TOM cnoh wnpauoñ 4—5 M4,
Tozuımnoh 0,5—1,0 MM.

Cuyekauie kpaes € AwuEBOM CTOPOMB Metaerch Ana TOTO, wTobbt
Kpas Kon He OTCeKannch MDI erpoke,

OGpaGorka co croponbi Öaxrapmsı. Y sepxero Kpan QyTOp enÿ-
exaerca mmpurod 4,0—4,5 uw. Toaana ero nocme enyeka — 1,25—
1,5 mw. Cnycanne dyTopa moa CTPOWKY endeten ¢ DUEMKON m
ocrapacunen Tommy camoro xpan 1,0—1,25 wn.

Tlo saaueuy xpaio DyTopa cnyckaioren nox TaunöR wos € pyÓLOM.
UWupnita cnycka sannchT OT paswepos XeCTKOrO aMmaca H BEA
‘enycka ero kpaeb. B rOTOBON ste ecrkun zamnac y Kpaen Buecre
€ Kecrkmu ÉYTOPON B MeCTAX HATOM EMMA HX Apyr na Apyra Aomkei
HMETb TOAMAHY He Sombie TOMNWHE DyTOpa B OCTANBHOÏN HaCTH.

Vmmxnero xpañ dyropa enyckatorcn na paccrommmn 35—40 MM,
mpasent na yuacrke unupnnoß 15—18 Mu or Kpañ cnyck menaeten
© BHENKOR An HAIOKCHHA KPACE MATKOrO PyTOpa.

159

Toruımma Muxaero Kpan MectKoro YTOPA nocae ENYCKANHR paB-
merca 0,5—1,0 am.

Cpenaenne markux @yropon c mecrkmwn. Kpan warkoro @yropa
enyckaioren AO MOMDBHHE TOMAMES Ha yaacrke muprrof 15—18 wx,
co croponm mutta. “

Hiwxune Kpex QyTopon MPOMAEBANOTCA AEKCTPMNOBUM ‚Kacen.
“Mark Qytop nangennaeren na Mecrkuh co cTopoRs! Gaxrapuu. Lu-
pra xpaes mon maxzefixy 15—18 xx.

Cineennsie yropa ekpenasiores © Amtenofi CTOPOME Bpy‘Hy10
oGNeTONHEDL WHOM (NO MeTORY OOMeTKA MATKOrO annaca).

Sarem na msehoñ mamie cKaenune Kpax (PyTOpa mpocrpow-
BaloTeR Tpexpaaoñ expouKoll c paccrosiimem MexAy panama 3,5—
4,0 mu. Paccronume or Kpan Mectkoro Qyropa 10 nepsoR cTpowKH
2—2,5 um, nacrora erpoun 6,0—6,5 crexkoë Ha 1 cm, arkn Ne 30,
ara Ne 13,

Craunbale mo saawemy xpaio. Oyropa ckaaasınaoren nAnoe zn
KOM BIYTP> TAK, TOOK KPAR HX COBIAM, H CKPENAMIOTCA Ha 1BeAHOÏ
xaumwwe Asolimol cTpOHKO! ma paccrommm OT xpan 1,5—2,0 mu, Me-
Hay erpouamu 1,520 mu npu sacrore crpoaxa 6,0—6,5 crexxon
sa Lem; surta Ne 30, mena Ne 14.

Crpowke mpoxoauT or sepxero Kpan HCTKOrO hyopa xo BKK:
ero «pa markoro dyropa, Tlocae craunsanım won pasraamnnaeren
na sammie.

Berapaenne yukon. Ha paccronmun 35—40 mu or Bepxnero Kpax
m dyrope mpopesaerca oTseperne an npozesanna yıkop. LUnpaua
‘Tecbisi YUIKOB onpeneaeT LEMPHHY paapesa Ana OTBCPETH » yropax.

Vik nponyeKarorca OTBepcTKe co crOpomB Amia Mecrkoro hy-
opa. Beausa yuika han suipesost 8 dyrope 70—75 ma. Bityrpb npo-
Myckaeren 10 CaMoro Ha MArKoro (yTOPA OAH KOMEI Teco
yinxa, a apyroë Koneu sanpananercn ma 140—150 mu or Bepxmero
kpas (pyropa. Tlepen Beranzennen yuikos m QYTOD, Ha yuacTke mpl
Knewoaitia, Tecba MpomasbiBaeTeR K7CeM.

Tipucrpoaxa yukon, Bkcexitie yumn crpowares na umehnoh wa
ume, Oama cropona Éyropa noArHÖaeren Buyrpb, TOON na Martine
pacno:1oxmes Ta cropora, KoTOpaR Óyzer npocrponnsarsen. Bcero
‚Renaercsn mecrb crpouex, Ane ADoÄllix PAOAS HAPYHHOË cropons
Yukon H no OAMOR Crpowke y KpaeD OGerx nonoBHHOK DyTopa.

Takum Xe OGpasOM HPHCTPONABAIOTCR YUIKH MB HIDKHEM ATK
<yropos.

HMoaroroska roaenmut, Bepxuai kpañ rozemmn enyoxaeren c Gax-
Tapıım m sarnGaeren ann OOpasonanıR Kanta. Januar yact crauk-
BaeTcA Ha MBEÍMON MAINE, MOCE Nero MO PasraaKHoaITeR H TO-
AKA BIBOPAYBAJOTCA.

Braensanme u pacnpapna xecrxoro zannaca. Kecrsne aumachı
MPONASBIBAKOTER © TALA M BKMERAIOTEA TOREHNNE TAK, TOG BEPX-
mM Kpait Hx ne AOXOAHA AO Kpag TOAEHM Ka BEAMUANy sarkOKH,
a cepennma comnanana co uson. Jlamnacu uxacnnaorca Gaxrapuoñ
buyrpp saroroson. Tlocste storo ronemme pacnpananeren ua npani-
‘aX BRUIEPIKIBACTCA B DACIpaBCMMON COCTOAMAH B TEUEHNE
12 sacos.

160

Bxaelixa ‚u opmonxa mecrsux Gyropos. Flepen akzefixoh dyropa
CHOBA JDAWKHMOTCA. JareM no may, Ka YTACTKE MPMAETAIAA MCCTKOTO
<amnaca m nO BepxHeMy Kpaio wmpumo 10—15 mu, npousmogmrent
mpowaska pfgiowepuux TONKHX caoem KAER.

Tlepen pirennannen dyropa 8 nepenneil sacra nporuGatoren enyrpe
AAA -YMENbILEHA OKPYHOCTH HX C HEMBIO OÓNCTUCUNA BCTABIENHA
© rosea.

B Taxom Bune DyTOpA BCTABAMOTCA B Fonemmme © HX moxneñ cro-
pont, MpHYeM MpoMasaRHaa sacro yTopa y usa AOAKHA GUTS nce
bpews OÓpamena » CTOPOUY UPuKACCHABX K roJeHMMaM CCT
aanmacos.

Bo spewx BCTABKM (pYTOPA 3ATOTOBRA SAKHMATCR B KOMEHAX TAK,
wroÓs ronemmme HO Hanpanaeıı B CTOPOMY u NAXOANAOCH B CBO-
Goaitow cocrommmm

yrop scraBnserca ORHOÍ pyKoH, a APYrYIO PYKY 24BORAT BRYTPD
ronenue ¢ apyrof CTOPOMB, MOAXBATAVAIOT dyTop u HANPABAMOT
ero Tax, WrOÓN iit QyTopa u roxemuta BBepxy cobnaan. Tax Ke
‘o6pas0M mampanaserca m mx Kpañ hyTopa.

Tlocae storo oben pykann DYTOP PACHPABARETCA C ABYX CTOPOM
buyrpu rosewuta. B sepxhel wacrh Kpañ MECTKOTO dyTopa nO:
wbleTynaTb aa pasen ronenmu ua 2—3 M

Wopmonxa &yropon. Braeemmse » ronemura dyropa dopuyoren
ayrex pacnpaskk na mpasúax. HäpyXHNe pasMepst pacnpab.temux
O na 15—20 Mu B sepxueñ sacra u
a mxpe u na 12—15 wi m npoxoxe (Ha yuacrke MArkoro yropa)
Tlocne, pacnpapkn saroromku pECTAMBAIOTCA D Teuenne 6—8 vaco
OANOBPEMEHHO min ayumero coxpancuus yropamm noaysenniol Pop
MH HN AaeTeR MoacyitiKa.

“ Ciposxa Kanra Bpepxy. [locate BECYUIMBAMHA 3ArOTOBKH 068060
2xaaoTeR OT npasn K mpoctpownsatorca Ha wsefnoñ waumme. Jaw
ayunero YkKAaAMDANNA CTEKKOD Kpan MECTKOrO dyropa no IN
ETpouKH cnerka yeaxmmorca, JIHHHR CTPONKH MPOKOAHT Ha paccron-
Hu 2—3 mu or Kpaes. Yacrora crpoux 6,5—7,5 crexxos Ha 1 cat.

Bepxaite Kpañ KECTKOrO dyTopa cpesaioTed CAMOXILIM HOXON
MOCAL OKORMATEMBMOTO HATOTOBHHR Canor.

YaoGuee sry onepaumo BEIMOJMATE Ha npasñnax.

Tipu wsroronacnuu SAFOTOBOK BHOCETCA CACAYIOULNC HaMCHeKA:

1. llos wein ÿxpenzsercs neTyinKoM.

2. Marknh Qyrop (ero MmKHAR HacTb) NOAKPANDACTCA 10 MOXEASM
© YYeTOX npimÿeka Ha npuerpowy K xecrsoMy DYTOPY.

3. Hoanapaz cxpenaaerca © OYTOpO OTACITBHO OT HapyMHEX Ae-
ranef sarorouox.

M2 Tsun opmneperus canoe

Passa XV
3ATA)KKA OBYBH

Jeraam sepxa 0Gyeu oÓÑmo unterer Liockyio dopuy, Ho B ‚roro-
BUX camorax OM AO NPHHATE POPMY Kononok (Hx GoxomoR no-
RepxHocTH), Ha KOTOPHX MPORAROAHTCH MOIHBKA CAROF, H opMy Mpa
ia, wa KOTOPHX PACIPABAMOTCA rosea,

Hocae cusrua € xon0Z0K uan € pana FOTOUX canor sra POpua
Roma COXPAMATACA.

Tipouecc, oGecnemBaroual momeneme opus nerameñ coorser-
croexo ‘ope konozox # npautis, HaSUBACTER dopnonannen Aerauch
KPOR, COOpARHHX B saroTonKy.

DopMosane 3arOTOBOK MPOMIBOANTCA PH BEITOAHeHHH Onepau
SATIUKKU 3ATOTOBOK, KOTOPAR CUATACTOR OAHOÏ H3 OCHOBHEX MpH H3rO-
Tonzenun 0GÿB.

‘Sra OMEPAIIR ABAHETCA TAKE MOAOTORKTENGHOR K_OKOHIATEM
OMY CKpENTEHINO SATAKYTHIX SATOTOBOK C MeTAARMH HHA.

MOAFOTOBKA CTENEK

Ira OMepauMA COCTONT 1 TOM, WTO ce HSAMUIKH CTEMKH, BMOTY-
Maple 34 npenenbi CHA KOAOAKM, CPE3AOTCA HOKOM CTPOTO TO
KONTYPY KOAOAKH.

Hanpannente nora mpu pesaunu ROMO Ge Taxıy, HTOÓA TOP-
NOBaA CTOPOHA CTENBKM MORE CPCIAMNA NAAHNIKOR ARALIICE MPONOA-
nenne GoKoÑoÍ HOBEPXHOCTH KOTOAKH B MOGOÏ ee TOUKE,

Tipn_erromenma stoh onepauun HCOÓXOAMMO CACANTD sa TeMy
WTOÓN GORODAR MOREPAHOCTE KOAOAOK He MORPEKAAAACH HOKOM.

Tocae o6pesxu dopwa crenbku AONKHA B TOMMOCTH COOTBETCN
bath dopne CACA KOMOXKN m KonTypu Ce AOMKHKL COBNAMATD C Tp:
MAMIE KOJOMKE NO BCEMY CACAY.

Bo npexa oGpesx rein rHosaH, npuxpenamomue ce K Gokonoli
MODCPXHOCTH KOAOAKN, 10 Nepe HAROGNOCTH («rom He mena Bos
Homo paGorts) YAQAMOTCA, PH STOM HARO He ROMYCKATE caenemm
crea,

Jan npenoxpanenun cremxn of Henpasimioro oGpesannn m or
cHemenun mpi SaTmKKE NOCACANAN AO:DKNA OMIT HPAKPETACHA K KC-

162

AOAKe mecrsio TROSMAMH: OAV B NATONHOA WacTH, ABYMA B nyakak,
AByMA B renenke # OAMUM B nocowoll YacTH.

Flocae oGpesx xpaen pam cremék co cTopowst Gaxrapmu no
nceuy KoHTYpY ee cnycraetca, llapmna cnyuiemmof sacra oma
pannarsca 7—B MA D HaCTH Duyrpennero reneuxa u 4—5 MM B-OCTadb-
Hol sacra. Tpanb creabic 8 nATOWNOR MACTH cacrka SANMMAETCR CreK

ur HT HA RANHOÏ LIKYPKOR.
Toauuka kpaes creas nocae enycka nonua cocranaare 1,5
2 mu, a a renenounoñ nacri 1—1,25 mM.

Taxan OGpaGorka kpaes creer OÓxeriaer Bbinonnenne npouecca
M OÖecneunuaer XOPOIMVIO YKMQAKY SATHKNOË MPOMEIK NPA SATHMKE.
Flocae saTmxkn rpam creibku BbiaeaReTcA Gonee penbedno.

Tips panromow Metone MFOTOBICHAR OÓYBH HEOÓXOMMMA cMeIt-
amas OOpaGoTKa CTCMBKH AIR BUIMLANHA PANTOB.

Ona cocrowt B TOM, WTO BoA KPaen cTeABKH, 3a HCKMONEHHEM
MATOYHOR MaCTH ee, REACTOR CTEMNEMENE MEMOSOR An Y KIOANBA=
HARB MEM CTEXKOS APATEM, MPHKPENÄRDLLNX PAHT K CTEABKE,

2KenoGox nupesaercn caenyiouma oÓpasow: OCTpHEM uoma (KOH:
now ero) na paccrommn 14 Mu B renenke u 12 mu B ocransnoh dacra
cTembkn OT KpaeB, cTeMKH Menaeten MAXPe3 CO CTOPONM GaxtapatEt
na 3% ce Toons. Hanpasñenne vanpesa HOMKHO Gr» vepriKa.is-
HUM K MAOCKOCTH CTeAKH B aHHOM MecTe. Tlocae manpesa cresska
cpesseren OKOAO MANN ranpesa Co croponkı Buyrpenneh acra. HroGi
Hanpasnenre cpesa Ob.i0 HAKIONMAM, CPesamian acts creabKH
yaanneren, mocze vero DAOM MM cpesa OGpaayeres MemöoK.
Üpesaentan monocka oKon0 ammm Hanpesa Mona Gurr mmpanoli
34 um.

Nocxe yerpoñcrea xes06Ka nponsonnten mpoKanuinanne yuact-
KOB Koi MERAY KeTOGKOM K KPAEM CTEABKM.

TIpoxo.sı ACNALOTCA KPHEMN LIHION, MpHMENAEMBIN PH BUDA
pawros.

Tiprem Bunonnaeren czeayroutim Oßpaaon: KoaoaKy c npiikpe-
neHHO K CAeAy CTEMKON YKTAAMBIOT Ha Korenm $ yAepknBalor
OXMOR pyKoh Tax, wTOOLL Ona HMCza YeTOHNMBOe NOAOMENIT, a APyroR
BYKoR Mpowasonst NPOKOAB mom.

Hawaito npokonos ACNacICH B CTEHKE XenOGKA B nanpanzennn OT
Cepeammti K Kpas CTEABKH, MpHVeM nanpahıenne Hx ROXIO Oro
ReepooGpastisn B Hocomnoh MaCTH M MEPMENAWKYARPHBIN K KPAAM
CTEMMKA D OCTAMBMBX Yuactkax.

Ornepernn nocae nPoKo10D MAO Aomkıs MpofirH vece yuacTOoK
CTEMKH MEKAY CTENKOR Keaoßka m COYUIHRBIM KPaeM CTezBKH, HO
ne Ge 2 wu oT Kpaa ec

TayGuna npokanon AomKKa Ours He Gone %, TOMAN CTA.

Paceronnma Mexay MpoKomalin Y PAM cTensKH AONKE par
HATRCA: u HOCKE 5—6 MM, ua Mepexogax O” “acka K E VUKODOÍ sacro
7-8 mw, B ocrammo act 6—7 Mx (pi 00),

Tloxasatenawm MPABHABHOCTH BSMONN"IA STOTO Mpouecca AD-
amores:

1 Tounoe coorsercrsne CTCADKH Kak MO AMANe, TAK m MO Ce +
prue: paawepan caena KOMA.

ve 163

2. Connanemne KoNTypa cremxi © KONTypamH Cieza KOMORK 10
ee pans. .

3. Pantowepnocr u oAnnaxonan (Ges Duxuaron 1 Neponnocrel
umpuna enywienniofl wacrn crenek no «pam.

4. Oxmiaxonan TOMUNNA KpaeB CTEEK MO BCEMY KoMTypy nocae
cnycka,

5. Oxunakogue no rayGHne m inprie paswepst Meoßka Au
yknanıa CTeMKOR MPM BUNUBAMIH PARTOS Ha BCEM ¡IPOTAMCHAN, pA
Hem naxpez He AOTANS MPEBMMATS 34 TOMAMIA CTONK,

6. lpounoe npuxpennenne x eneay m maoTHoe nphierauue x uemy
O6pesauHok no KOMOAKe cTeTHKH,

Mocae nposepku KavecTBa NOAFOTORKH CTENEK MPOXABOJUNTCA NPER-
DaphrembaN SATHKKA 9BrOTOBKH Ha KOJOAKY.

NPEABAPHTENBHAR SATÍDKKA

Tian coxpanenus 23XKNKOB B YBIAKNENNON cocrogmm nO MoMeHTa
WPopMopanua ux PCKONCHAYETCH MAMIMETO SATIKKY BEACH 3a, OKOMYA.
HEM CTDOUKH 3AHMKA B OAMOM MOAYMAPe, NPIUEM ST SaTHRKA Al
AMETCA mpenBaphTemuoßl, TeX Kak SATATIBACTCA TomKO MATOWIAR
acts,

Ecan storo we cnenats celiac xe nenen aa crponkoh sama
8 OANOR MOAYNAPE, TO 80 BPCNA CTPOYKH 3ANHAKA BO BTOPOR nonynape

164

SAFOTOBKH pañce BECTPOYEHHBIN SEAMAX BLICOXHET 4 ero HeOGXOAUMO
Gyaer cnona ynaaxKHaTs.

Onepauun no satm@KKe NATKH MPOMSBOXHTCA B CACAYIOIEM MO-
panse (pue. 104).

Pac, 104, Veranonxa saroronxn ma Kozone

Kozonka e mprxpenzenmof x welt u moarotosaenHolt creaskoï Ge-
PETCA CACHOM KBEPXY IE BCTABIMTCA MATONHOM YacTHIO B SArOTORKY
‘ak, "ITOÓN ¿MINA MPOLIDE COBMEMANAE € MENTPOM MATKH KONOAKH,

Pare, 105, Mipexnapitresunan seramxa nocks nepexa

a Mepen BMecTe € MOXHAPAROM KUCTSIO PYKH PACMPARARETCA u Haka
AWB4TER Ha MOCOMYIO MACTD KOAOAKH,

Fyóxamn camommwx Kaeukefl 3aroTonka aaxnarhınaeren 3a Kpañ
r WoCOUNOM WacTH, neperdGaercæ “pes TPAHD KOTOAKH B HOCKE, B-
‘rarnpacren aoorkase (puc. 105), npiokuwaeren K CTeNBKE H yacpası-

165.

FACTOR B TEKOM NOTOMeNMAH NANBNANH KHCTH APyroM pyxm. Onwonpe-
MeniKO € STHM Kaenin KIARYTOA HA BEPCTAK, ÖCPETCA LUH1O, KOTOPBIM
ACZACTOR HAAKOT OTBEPCTAR B 3ATAMON KPOMKE Ha paccronmmm 12—
14 um or rpaitt KonoaKn. B 370 oTwepeTHe BCTABARETCA LIMHLTKA, KO-
“topan sa6upaeres 8 Konoary na 24 JUN.

Tlocte storo cHoBa IPOBEPRETCA nonoKeHHe 3ArOTORKH Ha KOIONKE.
Ecru sagiit 100 NaXOANTCA 3 UCHTPE NATKH KOAOAKH, à meÑia ne
¡pena Ha cepeame rpeGnR Kama ee, onepanHa BEMOMENA MPADHTUO.

Jane nponssonnTcR suraraBanne Goxopux “acreh mepena, Mit
Nero Kaemame saxvaruivaetem xpail mepena, mprxomamulica npoTHe
BuYTpeHHeTO nysKa, saTeM ON DENTIPIDACTOH, MeperuOaeTem Tepes FPAIL
KONOZKH, MPWAHMGETeR K CTEMKE M MPMXPENARETER TAK KE, KIK

Pue. 106, Burarnoanne nepeaa © nysxosoR acre

WB mocounoÄi sacrn. Taxis ke MHeMOM BKITATHBAeTCR u TpHKpe-
MARETCA saTmKHaR KpOMKa GOKOBOÑ MACTH MEPENA K KOMOAKE B NYY
xonoh «acta © mpyxcuoR cropon (pre. 106).

Ecan nonoxenie nepena, à rante O6pasoM meñitn 3ArOTOBKH, npa-
BHASHOE, MIATOYAYIO HACTH KOAOAKH CCAKHBAIOT BHYTPS SATOTOBKH, T. €.
omyexaior Ce MO Sammy AO Tex Mop, MOKA ne OCAAÓNET naramenne
mepena P nytkonof HACTH.

Korsta MOBEPXHOCTb CTENbKH B NATOUHOR MACTH CPABHAETER € BepX.
MM KPaeM aa, MPOMIMOITCA NOMME BHTATIDANE GOKOBHX Va
cre nepexa m nyukonoR Nacra U HX saxpenemne.

Tlocne storo KonoaKa cnoBa YTAYÓARETCA MO SAJMKY BHYTPS 38
FOTOBKH AO TEX Mop, NOKA OKA He 9AlÍMeT TAKOË MOIOXENE, MPH KOTO:
POM MORO NPOUSBECTH SATRORKY NATKH.

Ira Onepauna BUMOAICTOR CACAYIOLLHM OGPAIOM: NATONHIO sacre
JATOTODKH © KONOAKOH OÓXBATSBAIOT KNCTIIO OXHOR pykn H yaepacı-
BAT B BHCRTEM TOXOXEHIN. Vaapaun NOAOTKOM No CACAY KOTORKK
R ueurpe HATO MON ACTH KOMOJICA CABNTAETCA MO SARHHKY DNYTPE
3aroTOBKH.

165

Ecam cresbka D YBAAMHERHOM COCTORHMH MeROCTATOUNO NAOT
MAX, PCKOMCUAYETCA ia BPM OCAMIDANE e OTACIATE OT KOAOAKI,
Bo HigBexcanie Pac 2OIUIBAKKA yaapanın MOTOTKOM.

Bo BPeMA OC2HHBAHH KOAORKH MO SAAMAKY BHYTPS saroTORKH
euranyrah m saxpenemurk Ha KOAOTKE nepen HCTNTHDACT ÿeCau-
cupaiomeecs naramenne. TlosToMy HCOÓXOAUMO HAÓMIONATE 3a WPOM,
SKPENIMOLLNN nepen € TOACHHLIEM, KOTOPLI OT YpesMepHOrO Hara
Kenn MOET PAIPYNTÉCA.

Haxsuow Gomsioro nanla pyKk Ha HETAMYTRA mepez, (Haouyns)
OMPEREAMETEA BOBMOKHOCTD HOUOIMATENMOTO HATHCHHR IEPEAA.

can nog waxHMOM nambua PyKH nepen nporiGaeTes, AMAMIET om
eue Moxer ROMONHNTENSHO Hararnnarscn. B SroM CAYuae MATKA KO-
JORKH OcaxuBaeTeA CHOBA. ECAM KE Teper OKAMETCA OEM BUTRHY-
Te NOA HaKHMOM ÓOVIbMIOTO MAMMA HUE MPOCTO KHCTH PYKH He
MPOFIÓSTCR, STO SHANNT, WTO OH HAXOMNTCR 8 MPEREIBRO BHTANYTOM
COCTORHUN H AAMSMEÍICE HATAKCHME OIIACHO, TAK KAK BOSMOKEH Pag
PUB ero HAH CTPONKH, cKpenamouel mepen c FONEHHULEN.

B stow enyiae HeOÖXOAHMO OCTAGATE HaTHKeMNe nepena, ANA
sero MOCOUNAR MACTE SATOTOBKA ocBOGomZeTCA.

Tlo Mepe olıyckanın MATONIOR wacTH KOJOIKH HATAXENH mepena
8 nyuKax: ocmadenser, MOSTOMY HeOSKORKMO MPONSBOJUETE ONO:
TEABHOE surarapatne ero KARANH pas Bee 32 ONYCKAImem NATKH
Konoaen.

Hakoneu marxa KoaoaKH OKONtaTenbno ycrananamaercn 8 npa-
BHTBAOM MOMOXEHAH TAKHM OGPa3OM, “TO AMOKHNÄ Kpafl aarorOBKK
SAIHHKa BSICTYNACT MAX MOBCPXMOCTOIO CTEABKU B NATOUNOM GacTH Ha
16—I8 mx. Chona nposepseres nomomeuse SANTO wa saquuKa Ha
xozonke. Beam npoiea ne comnanaer c ielTpom naTKn, Aeaaioren
HEOKOAHNMBIE Henpas.teHHa. OnHaKO HCHPABIEMHE MOAOKENNA NPOMIBE
MONO NPOUSBECTH TOABKO B TON CAY4A, ECM CNEULCHHE. HAM HCKPUE
‚nenne ee Hesmawremmo. B stom caysae MOMOYIOTCA MOJOTKOM, ster-
KHMH yaapani KOTOPOTO YCTpANRTCA aedext.

Ecal Xe Saannfı OB SHAWMTEABHO HCKPHBAEH HH HaxoAHTeR He
8 uenrpe, a cMenten 5 cTopony, TO AA ycrpanenmun sToro nedexra
‘seoGxonHMo OCBOSOAHTS saroTOBKY H MPOHSHECTH ONÉPAUMIO cHanana.

Mlocze OKONWaTEMNOR YeTaHODKH HATKH DPADIMUACTOR ATOME
sacTs érembku. EC: oma Npnmorummanach a spews paborst NO oca-
AMUBANKO KONOAKH, TO €£ HEOGXOAUMO YAOKHTb Ha CBOE MECTO, TAK
sToGU ona He DenyanBanach Man KO-OAKON.

Jus 3TOrO HeOGXOJUMO pasrzaaure ee mpm moxom xuocronoli
sacré MOXOTKA, npHNeM PA3TTAMMDAHHE HEOGXOTHMO BECTH OT Mena
x pas narkn. Tlocne pasraaxsbanus NOIOKCUHE CTeADKH HA KONOAKE
HEOSKOAHMO AAKPÈNIT, OAWHM-RBYMHE TROSAAMM, STOSM ONA He cMeMa
ACE BO BPEMA 3ATRAKI MATKH.

Tlocze MpovepkH u DEIPADNNBAMAS MOAOMENNA cremKH HA KOJOAKO
HeOOXOANMO MIPOWARECTH AATAKKY 3AANHKOR, KOTOPAR COCTOHT B TOM,
970 Kpail SaAHHKa 3ATOTOBKH, HASLIBACNBIR SATIANHOM KPOMKOR, nepe-
ruGaetes no TPanm KOAOAKH Ha CTEABKY m mpIxpenmgeren K wel, mpu-
Neu saaKHK B m0GoR TOWKE AOMKEN MIOTHO NPHTETATÉ K NOBEPXHOCTH
natounoñ uacrn Kozouku (puc. 107).

167

Kax mpaviino, satmKka NASIHMACTCA © Toro, STO 3ATANAR Kpona
Sanımıka npilkpenaneten B sage 4acTk SaroTOBKM, 7. €. OKONO MPO-
wo. Jan Bumomenun SToro npnewa ry6KaNH canomHBX Krewe’
SaXBATIMBACTOA SATAMIAA RPOMKA OKOJO MPOMIBIA, BLITALHLEDETER, Tepe
TÖaercn wepes rpak CresKH u NPHXMMAETCA K neh GomUMN Tan
em KucTH cuoGoxuoh pyiar, Apyrol pykoM mMecro Kaeweh Geperen
MOJOTOX m HM RPONANOARTER VAAL NO SATAKHOA KPONKC Tax, TOG
rame saqHaka Ga “ergo sumozena mo rpann crensku. Tlon 2ef-
Craven Yiapoo MOAOTKA SaTHKHAR KPOMKA IIPMACTACT K CTEALKE, HEN
‘OGeereuitaaeTen MPaRNIANOE MPHRPEMIEHAE ee K KOAOAKE.

Pre, 107. Sarai aaamıına

Tlocze OKOJOTKE 3aTmKHO KPOMKH N RBIABAEHHS TPANH ee, MALTON
ACNAETCA MPOKOZ B xpouke ma paccrosmun 10—12 ww or rpat. Bor-
Depcrue OT npoxosa BCTABAACTCA WOHASKA H BÓMBACTCA B KOAOARY.
OF Hayana saTmKKK NO MPHKPENMUNA K CTEAKE saTHAIAA KPOMKE
BCe BpeMa yolepuBaeTes Naben OT cueinenns. TosToMy mpHeM BBI-
Tarıwanıa eperuGa m NpHKpeNteHHA SATIOKNHOR KPOMKH HOOXOAUMO
BAITOAHAT Kak MOXHO GuicTpee.

Zag TOTO WTOÓNI Tip BAITSTHBANHH SATRANOR KPOMKH KOTOAKY We
CALMMYTD BuyTpb sarorosKn Ma CimuyO rayOHy, eu STO Tpe-
yeren, NeOOXOANNO SAXBATUDITD DATEANYIO, KPOMKY TAK, WTOOL De
una ee 5 TyOkax kaemeñ ne mpenumaza 8—10 un.

Tlocae mpaxpenzenns saraxnoh KPOMKH NPOHSBORIFTCR Bsipannnpa-
fine MODEPXHOCTA ec M SAAHMKA B MECTE nPukpenenns KpOMKH. Tipu
310% KeoGXoAMMO MaGeraTs YAAPOR MONOTKON MO FAN saTsKKOH
xpowiit,

Sammy m NpuKpenstemte sarmanof KPOMKH D 3aqueñ sacra 322-
THKE_NPOHSROAAT B ARyx TOAKAX € OÓEHX CTOPON MPOMIBE Ha paceron-
mn 5-6 xa or Hee,

Thosan 238 MPHXPEnaCIA Jarmıknofi KPOMKH 2AÓHBAOT TaKHM O6-
PasoN, WTOOB HH OAH M3 MIX HE MONA B MOB HAK CTPOUKY.

158

Benen 38 sar#MKOÏ D sanueh ¥acTH sannuka nponssonurcn 32-
Taka Rpsuimen BaAnıma. Chamaza ¢ BRYTpeHHeH croponn renenonnoh
MACTA KONOXKN, a MOTOM € HapyKHOÏ

‚Ann punomienna roi Onepalen TyÓKaMH saTmKHNX kncmeñ sa
XBATHIBAIOT 3ATAMYIO KPOMKY 3OMHNKA MA Y¥acTKe Mepena 0K010
CTPONKH 3AARUKA, BLITATUBAIOT GATOTOBSY, nepernßanor KPOMK uepes
Fpalt® KOJOAKH H HPHKPÉRIIOT ee TAK, KaK 270 Mio OMMCANO Due.

TIpn nsırsrunannn JaT##HOÏ KDOMKH Y Kpbuna SanMKa NONOEHEE
KoNOaKH H KHCTH CB0GOANOH pyKH CACAYIOMLEE: MOCOMNOR VACTHO KO-
MOnKa Yuupaerea B CUCACIMILIE BMECTE KOCH, nATOANOR WacTEIO Oia
o6pamena x pa6oraiomeny. Kuersio cao6onwoi pykn Koronka Geperca
3 OÓXBAT nazbuawH vepes TpeOens Kana, a OOABUNN DA7BUEM npo-
NSBOAHTER IIPHOKIN K CTEMKE SATHKHOÏ KPOMKH HO MOMENTA ce Nit
xpenzema,

Flocae saTaxKH m 3AKPMMACNMA DATAMNHON KPOMKH KPBLIBED 3an-
MIKA YRAPaMH MONOTKa SAAHMKY NpHAAcTeR MEOGXOAHMAR PopMa 1 co
OTBercramn © @opMoh KOAOAKH; MBM H CTPOYKI Y KPLLILED nepena
BHPABMHBAIOTCE, A TPEHb CTEMKM TILZTeMBHO BHABAAETCR.

Korna sanunk SaTÑyT B TpeX TOUKAX, MPOHSBOANTCR npoBepka
IADIIDINOCTA NOJOKEKNA SAMMNKA Ha KosIOAKe. TIpH 9TOM HeOGXO-
ANNO, YTOGH BRICOTA sanmıka y KpbTbER © OGeNX cTOPOH Giza oH
MAKOBOÍ 4 npawepHo Ha L CH MEMBIUE, SEM TO MENA SAANETO LISA,

Ec npenuaphreabtan SITIDKKA HATKH BHNOANCHA MPABIIBNO, MPO-
HSBORITCA MOXHAN SATRKKA NATKH, KOTOPYIO MOJO HavaT Y NPOUINN
lA 3AKANAMBATD Y Kpsina sanHuKos.

PaGora uponsuoaaren mp nonoui Kaemeñ, ryGKawX KoTopuıx
Saraımnan KPOMKA SAXDATUBETCR, BLiTACHBAeTeR OCT Mepernda ve-
pes rpañb CEM, MpHAKHMAeTCA K CTETKE H MpHKpertmeTeR K Heit
INNHALKOË wn reosaen.

Tlocnezovarestiocts u NOpAAOK BuNOAKENKA SEX OnepautA non
MOR SAT NSTKH TAKWE KE, Kak MD MPEAHAVILEM CAYUAC, à HMEH-
Ho: SATAIKHAA KPONKA SAXBATABACTOA ryÉKat Kaeınefi, BEITAFNBAETCR,
epernbaerch vepes TPAHB cTeabKi, NpHAHNGeTCR K ‘Hell M TPHKpC
naserca. Pacerommn MexKAY TBOSAANH, IIPAKPETASIOnI Sanyo
KPOMKY, PADHAOTCH B WaHGosee 3axpyriemoR acta 5—6 MM,
à 8 ocrambitix mecrax 7 MM.

Pacctosuwe MEMAY PPABIO CTOABKH M reOaRAMH MONO OTD
B mpezenax 8—10 MM.

Toosan mm wnuabkn man STOÏ omepaumm npaMenmoren
18—20 ang u saGuaaiores wa % euoeh Ami D DepTuKammon nanpa-
arennn. Ecam MPuMenmOTen MPOROAOHNNE TBO3AN, TO WeTecooGpasHO
wx usruGaTs K MENTPY MATKH ZAK AYTO KATAKEHKA SATHMUO
Kpownn (puc. 108).

Tips sarmxxe Kyo caequTe, "Tobe cremka He cMemanace
B Cropor. Ilpn exrentenun ee MpONSBOZAT pactipasky ¢ HOMO
MonoTKa.

Tlocse sarexan mark OANOÏ 3arOTOBKH MPOHSBOAHTER SaTAKEA
mark APyrOÏ no-iynapss.

Bo npéMA SaTHKKN MATOK 12CTO MAÓMONAETCR HCKPHB.TEMHE GoKo:
BHX 1805, CKPEMTAOUIAX KPBITBA NEPEROB C TOJENHLIANH, H_ CTPOUCI

169

‘Saannka, OT HCKPHBACHKA Moryr nPOHsOÎTE oT “pesMepworo nara-
EUR Kpaed Nepera, CHABOTO BUTATHBANNA SATOTOBKH 10 Manpaumc-
no Kocoro nornenz, T. e. mpoxoza. ECM ykaaantse HCKPHBTENNR
MESHANKTEBI, PM MOMOLLH MOXOTKA, TYNMKA HT. I. MpOHsBORAT
Pasraaxnmaune m nenpanneime CrpowkH sam. Eca ae HeKpubze-
Wa GOMAS, TO HEOÓXOMHMO CHATS AAFOTORKY C KONORKH, BbI-
PABUATD CTPOUKU H HANATb SATAKKY CHOBA, NpHYEM, TOOL Mpeaynp
RUTB népeKOCH CTPOUeK, JAPOTOBKY OKOAO KONLOB JAAUAKOD. LEALLO-
‘oSpasno NPHKPENHTE K KoroaKe.

Pue. 108. Tlonomenne rnosxeA np sara:

anun noce 3aTHAKKH MATOK HEOGXOAIMO oGpaGorars Tak, ¥TOOKL
shopma nx coorsercraonana dopue NETOTMOR u2CTH KONOTOK.

‘Bra oGpaGoTKa COCTONT B CACAVIOMEM: caNOKHBM MONOTKOM
€ xopoulo omommpouatttoñ paGoueñ HoBepxHoCTHIO ronOBKH mponano-
_ANTCA OKOTOTKA SAAMMKOR no BCeÑ Hx mosepxnocr#. Bee HePOBHOCTH—
Gyrpa, BMATHMA, MOPELAMBL, ocoGerHO Y TPaHH cTeMKH, YAARMOTCR.
Tpanb CTOZbkH ROMKHA ÓBITD WeTKO H ACHO BMABMEHE NO BCEMY KOH-
TypY.

amore moxnel uacra saumon ROMA couerarsca c o6uiel
«bopxoli ux. Peskwe uamenenma dopxu saanuKou npu mepexoze oT
Bepxiteli vacrH K muacueñ He Nomyckaroren.

Tlocne OKOXOTKH MONIOTKOM 34LHHKH OTRCAMBALOTEA HATPETHIM TOK:
Manton.

Koraa opmonanie Jarnnkon seKonuiten, 1yxno MPOHIECTE Tias
‘Temuyio IPOBEPKY KavecTea BHMOIMEHHR omepalti.

Tipexkae scero HCOGXOANMO nposepuTb, COOTBCTCTBYIOT AK Sax
ad apyr apyry 5 noaymapax no (popxe WHO Bucore KaK 5 sanuch
actu (0x0.10 npomem), TAK u B GOKOBAIX Nacrax.

Bucora saAHHKOB 8 NOIYNAPax 8 MOÓWX TOWKAX AOMKHA ÓNTO
oxmarooñ.

Konus KDBLIBEB SALMAKOS MONK MAXOAHTECA Ha OXHOM VAN
tui or wauGonee suerynaouef rouxx natu. Kpas saramıof KpOMKE
SaAHHKOR ROJOKHA ÓBITE PORNO OÖPeSaHKı, a LMPHA KPOMKH —HE npe-
rimar 14-16 mn

170

3ATHKKA NOAMAPANOB

Tlocae saramım NATOK. MPOMSBOJATCA paanensan Jana nor
wapanon u nepenos. Takofi Topanok SETHKKU CÓBACHACICA Tem, 170
KOXANLIC HOAKOcKH H ÓOKOBHNKN B CAMOTAX PACTOMAIOTEA MEXAY
ROXMAPAAAMN M MIPPEAMA, MPHYEM SATHKKA NOANOCKOR npoHsmoARTCH
CAMOCTOSTEABHO H MOMET ObIT BRUOAMCNA TOASKO NOCHE SATHKKE
nlommapanos.

BatmxKa MOXHAPANOD NPOHIBOMETCA CHEAYIONNIN OBpasoM: CHAN TA
YAAMOTCR UIMANBKH, NPHKPENAMOMNE SATHKHVO KPOMKY rIepenoB,
sarew_nepexa orruGawTes K romeHHUIaM, à OMNAPAMA OCTAIOTCR
E cBOGORKOM COCTORHH.

Dan o6nernenus nanneaenhn KOAOAOK NOCAS HSPOTOBACHMA canor
MOBCPXHOCTE HX HEPEX SETAKKON NOZNapAAOL RPOTHPACTCR MapadHHOM
Han TaAKOM.

Tlpn pasaezsHoht sarmKKe nepenoB K NOAMAPANOE SaTAKHAR KPOMKA
WoAKapAIos nocAe Ce SETHKKH MpAKachnaerch x cremsxe, Jaa vero
CTENBKH © MecTaX MPHACTANHA K HHM KPACB MOAHAPMAOD MPOMASEDANOT
Kneen.

arska MORNAPALOS MPOBOAHTCH CAEAYMILAN O6pAs0M: KUCTAMA
Pyk Ges HOMOMIH HNCTPYMCHTA NOZHAPAS OTTWÜRDTCH K HOCKY, 10-
TOM ry6xaMnt KACImeÍ Kpas HX aaxBaTHRAIOTER D HOCOMHOÏ wc, me
TATHBAIOTOA, MPPErIÓalOTCA Yepes TPaMb KONOAKH x MpHKpenasoTeN
pH MOMOLLH UTILIEK COHEN MPHEMON.

Tlocxe TOTO BITAPHBACTON $ MpHKpenaneres’ Jarsıan KpOMKa
B nyurax, renenkax m B roamerounoñ vacrn. Ulm zn npukpe-
aeina SATIAHON KPONKH BÓMBAIOTCA B CTEERY H KONONKY Ha pac-
crommum 8—10 ma or rpam ua rayOnuy ne Gomure mo.osmn enoch
ramas. Paceronmun MEXAY mm pakmoter 6-8 MUR KOCKAX,
10—12 ux 8 renenonoñ macrn m 12—14 Mu 8 ocramtBHOR.

Tlpn serie B HOCKe warepmam HeOGxoaHMO BSITAPIBATO 5 ta
mpaññemus ueurpa Hocka, muse aaa aysuel npuroukn wemeco-
oÉpasno YKAAMEIBATS ero MEMEHN CHIEN

TlpasumsHoe snontenue omepanui no SATEKKE NORNAPAZOB XApAK-
TepHIYCTCA naoruam HPHIRTAMMEM MX KO BCCÍ MODEPXHOGM KOAIOZOX,
665 uammann KAKIX-2IÓO CKTAAOK, MOPUU man APYTHX HÉPOBNOCTE

TIpx pantonom Nerone HATOTOBMERHA canor Kpas SATA HOÏ KPOMKH
MOCIE SATAKKH MEPEAOB NO ECEMY KOUTYPY Ce CPESAIOTCA HOKOM TAK,
aroGu wupaua kpoux cocranaa 10—12 wm. Ecam umpuna ee Oyaer
Gone, TO npx BIIWBANOt paiion SATPYANNTCA PaGoTa Inno.

Tipn pa6ore co crembraxn, y KorOpix nphroron.tena ryGa u ¿ne-
Jana TIpCRBAP:TEADIAR MAKOLIKA OTBEPCTAÍ, Kpan JATHMNOÏ KPOMKI
TORHApAIOB noce OBPESKH HX NOTE HaxORNTECA Ha OARON URI
€ awnkeñ wKe706Ka, HO He NEPEKPHBATE ero.

UroGwi KoNTyp crenbKH, oGpuconsisacmari saTmKHOA KpONKOÏ, Mesr
npakabHyI0 QOPMY, KPOMKA ROMANA CPEIATHEN.

Tlosepxnocre 3ér#xNOË KPONKH BEIDABNUBACIOA Zerkumn YAApEME
MOnOTKa.

BuixBarıı HIM paspbiem MOANAPANOS NP SATRIKKE He AONYCKALOTCA,

171

SATSDKKA MOAHOCKOB

Tloexe Toro Kak mponanenena sarmicKa MOAMAPANOD, MEOGXOAEMO
ROATOTOBHTE M SATAHYTS KOMANBE MOAKOCKR.

Tak Kak B MpOUeCce SATHAEA KOMAMME MOAHOCKH AOMKHE OyAyT
IMpminte dopuy HOCKOD KOJOROK, 1% NEOOKOAHMO YANEHMHTE.

Jl yerarkwenns neramı ONYCKAOTÇ B COCYA € BOAO! m nianep-
xunaioren n Heu B TevenNe 30—45 Manr, B SABNCHNOCTE or esoltcre.
Marepmanon. Creneib YDARKUCHUA onpenenseres naomynp. Yosiaxte-
Fe lenecoopaaHo MPOHAROAATS aapanee, UTOÓN CREATE MPOBAMABA=
ne HosHocKos.

Tlocae yeqaxuenin npoussoanrea BMPABHMBANHE noaHocKos mo
rome. C stoi mens xeramb ykxaxmaaerca Ha ROCKY MNEBOÏ
CTOPOMOÑ Kay H MPH MoMomtH HOKA, © CXTAPMAHOÏ cropons CHH-
Meerca HeGoxeoñ CAOM KOKU. SaTeM heran MOAKPEMBAIOTCA NO MO-
xeaaw. Toxkpoene MOANOCKH CO CTOPOMAL Gaxrapwin CIyCKaloTcH
MOON MO KPaAN TAK, "TOOK MO AKKHH Kpaen, He HAVIN MOR ad
TRKKY, imupuna cÿmennoñ wacmn He npessmiana % sce umpuris
HOAHOCKa; MO KPAIO, MAYIMENY TON saTAKKY, MHA CIYCKA_AOMANA.
Gira 15—16 wu. TlpaBkabkoCTs cnyeKa MORKOCKOB mpaktiweck onpe-
REARETCA CICAVIOULIMI! MOKABATEAANIF: MCCTYINEHNAR NACTb MOANOCKOR
AOXKNA MAWHMATECA B cepeanne Oyrpa HOCKA H JAKANVHBATECA Y palm
reais

Chyck kpaes nponanonnten nano m panomepno. Y xpaes, nay-
Aux OR SATHKKY, TOMILIMA Hx MOCHE CMYCKA AOIANS COCTABANTO
1,520 uw, y Kpaen, ue MAyuLux non sarmaky — 0,5—1,0 uw

Nnnerofi COR y Kpaen, He HAYIUIX MOM SaTHKKY, HEOÓXOJUMO:
CHATh CTeRIOM Ha pacctonnun 10—15 MM OT Kpan, 11% Toro, STOOL
Kaa MOAHOCKOB U FOTOBOÏ 06YBH Bo DPEMS HOCKH He saBopaduBamcD
muyrp». TIo octamsiot noepxHoCTH KOKA caerka aspepoumeaeres ana
AYTO mpikaensanns.

FaTRHKa KOMAHEX MOAHOCKOB MPORSBORUTCR czeAyiOMHM OÓpAsoN:
HocowHaa MACTA NOAMAPIAA Ha YaacTke, JAKPHBAEMOM MOANOCKOM, MO
MaanipaeTeH KEEN, ITEM MORHOCOK HAKAAABINAETCH AMMEBOÏ CTO-
POHOR K NoaHapaay Tak, uTOGW Kpañ ero, Me HAVLLÉ MOR SATAMKY,
coran c ame rparmut Oyrpa nocka. Kucran OGeHX pyk noanocor
pacrarmnaeren (pue, 109) u nocae nanoxemta na HOCOK KOAOAKH Ape-
MeRKO MpHKPenAReTeA K_KOJOAKE pH MOMOULH PBOSAA, BÓMBAEMOTO
8 ueurpe ua paccrosmau 5—7 M Or Kpas.

Orr komen nomHOcKa KAeulamı cnerka DETAFMDACTOA, Mepern-
Gaeren Hepes rpaits cremxu » nprKpertaseren K Nef Meneanoh INKIb-
kof B 310 speu apyrofi pykoll NOAHOCOK MPHAHMACTCA K KOAOAKS
H YAepHBCTCR or memes.

Tlocze mprkpenzenna K Creme © O7HOÏ CTOpONH, MOAHOCOK BH
Tarınacren m npukpenaneren K crexbke e apyrof cTopowst (puc. 110).

Sate mponeprerer MODEM MOAMOEKA Ha KOTONKE, H ECAM OHO
pawwarbHoe, HeOGXORNMO MONO MpiikpennTs ero K KOMOXKE Ha Spent
ATA 5-6 FOSANMN, SAÓNBACMENMA BRO:ID CTO KPacs.

Saraxka nOANOCKA MAnnnaeTcH B cepestHte HOCKA € MOCTENEHNLN
mepexozom x KpaaM. Vacrox crembkk no Kam, HaxpuBaeMtill 3a-
‘THRNOH KpOWKOÏ HOCKa, HeOGXORHMO NpoMagaTD KACEM.

172

Inunkw, npuKpenawowue XPOMKY MOAIOCKA K CTEALKE, pacnona-
rates ma paccrommm 8—10 mM or rpank. Paccrommme MEXAÿ HHMI
Le upessuiaeT 5—6 NM. TIpit 3aTRKKE KAKAOTO yaacrka NOAHOCKA Sa-
THKHAN KPONKA MOAKOMANMBALICA MOAOTKOM AAN AVE yeaanKH.

Pane, 110, Sarsxxa noanocka

Tipn gto nORDAMOMUECA CKNAAKA YINUTOMBOTCA Hm Hesse
WATEALMOR BupeaKolt HAH NH MOMOIIA Yn2pon MONOTK.

Koraa saraaxa 3axonuena, momuocox (POpuyerca no HOCKy Ko-
noax, Jam atoll yea ercnun YRAPoMM mo HOANOCKy MY. npk-
Anercn Qopwa, COOTBCTCTOYIOMAR HOCOWOR wacTH KOMOROK. Zaren
iunaabKY, NpHKPenLIOMINE HOCOK NO Kpaio, He MAYMeMy HA SATÆKKY,
yaaanorea (pie. 111)

173

Bomsuoe auauenme aa saraxnn Nepenon cer npasiimuan 06-
paGorka saraıyroro MOAWOCKA Ha yuactKe mepexona ÉOKOBOÏ MOBEPK-
MOT K cTenewHol, T. €. BOT TDAH, TAK KAK BCE HepOBHOCTH HAN
ApyrHe AeHeKTH Na NOBePXHOCTH LoANOCKA OTHEYaTAOTEH Ma HAUEDO

Pue. 111. Baranyrue noanapaam n noaneckn

cropoue nepena mocne ero aaramın. Caenonarensno, o6pa6oTKy 38-
TANYTEX NOAHOCKOB NEOÖKOAHNO MPOBOAHTS CAMBM TULATEAGELM 00-
pason.

Pc. 112. Q6pa6orwa moKoM satanyroro noanocka.

Tlocae yaanenna rscaaeh nosepxiocrs noAHoCKa nO Mepe Hano6-
Hocri nonsiminaerca nomox (pite. 112)

Y nepennero kpan romna nonwocKa cnoAnTen acuer. Ha Goxo-
Boll TOBepXHOCTH BOI Deel rpaKk MOAMOCKE MOAUMLNAOTEA TAK,
TOOL ma MeperHGa seTKO BNRENANACS NO BCEMY KOMTYPY HOCKa,
OGpasya ornerannyıo rpanb,

Tlepexon or necnyulsmıol x cnyulemnofi aera noawocKa Aommen
Gurs TaanHM, B ocoßeimioern no GoKAM nocka. Tlozmocke om
Gurs oxmmaoBsiun 8 OGeHX nosynapax canor,

174

Saranyriie HocKH HeOSxOAHMO noxcyumme B revenue 15—20 mn
xyT pu Teuneparype 35—40° C.

Tlocne noaeyukk nosepxnocr6 nomockoB o6paGarunaeren pau-
mue. Sarem LITLABKH, MPHKPENAMOLLNE IATIKAYIO KPOMKY, yaaa
JOTCA, A MOBCPXROCT CC Duipaunnbaercn pH NIOMOLIUN 1OKA. Tipit srom
ace cxaaaku m neporuocra cpesarorca. Bo #3Gexanne orpbina sarao
oA KpOMKM, cpes MAMIKOB €e MPOMBBOZATCA B Hampasaenma oT
Tpann K crembre.

Tips cpesainn wanmKon 3aTIDKNOA Kpoukn HEOÓXOJHMO HaGeraTh,
TAYÓOKMX Cpe30B, MOSTOMY MOAOENNE HOXA TOMKHO ONT KaK MO-
KO Oonee HaKAOHHUM K nmockocru Creusot. BuxsaTst KOMU Ma yun-
CTKE Gyrpa nocka HAM Y rPAHHIM ero He AOMYCKAOTCA.

Tlocne nupannnnanın NosepxHocTH 3ATRKON KPOMKH HOKOM OKA.
oSpaGaTusaerer paumnzex,

PaGora paunuen MPONIDORHTCA TAK Ke, KAK M MOXOM, T. €.
5 nanpan.rewint OT Kpas K cepeanne CTEMKH B ROCKE.

Tlocae o6paGorsk saTaxHan Kpouxa Roma umero umpuny B—
10 mu. OópaGorammue noawockH npopepmorcn no mapnocra, Pope
M passepan.

Tlocae storo mpuxpenamorea Goxosuuxu. Own npeycranamor coGoR
meraau, BBIKPOEHKEIE HS XPOMOBLIX Ko TOMMUNOR 0,8—1,2 mn; api
xperiantores! K nepenam 113 GOKOBOA NOBepXHOCTH KOXOAOK na YUacTRe
Mey KOHIOM SAMNMKA H MORHOCKOM, € OÓEIIX CTOPO.

Boxosuiki mpywenniorea Min TOTO, “TON oGecneaurs yerolun-
Boer H AMTEABHYIO coxpantocTs POPMEL OGyDR npH ee uocke, a TAKKE
AAA TOTO, ATOGH YMEMBIDNTO PACTHPHPACMOCTS NepeAOB B MyUKAX.

TiprxpenamioTea ona cneyloun oGpasow: 06a Komma Ha paccToR-
mu 10—15 mu enyeKaiores na-ier, MOCae Nero NPKICHBANOTCA TAK,
4TO6H OHM KOMIOM GoKORHHKA sera MeXAY MepenoM 1 AATHHKOM,
A apyrum — na cnymenttyio acts MECTKOTO NOANOCKA.

Hixunk «ah GoKOBHHKH, neperudasich Yepes rpaub crembKi, upit-
Kutennaeten K aaramnoit Kpowne. limpma Sokonmmkn panneren, cun-
Tan or rpann cremexn, 18--20 M, Mpnuen y kpriza SALNNKA OHA 20-
xozur no 4% mHcor ero.. Mlocac npukmehku xpan Ookonoh vacın
Emyekatorea na-ner nano Ges muixnaton Ha paccronmmm 15—18 Mu.
Komen GoKoBnukH, PACTONOxeMIOR Ha MOANOCKe, MocTe NOAKOJAM=
DARIA MONOTKOM CAFKA MOAPABHNDAETCH HOMOM,

Kpas GOKOPHHOK, pacnonomennue no 3ATAKHOR KPONKe noANapR-
08, C2 BMPABHABAHHA MOBCPXHOCTH CPESAIOTCA NO Kpaso TK, HTOOB
unpmna ux COBNARAJA € LIMPUNON saTHKHON KDONKH noAHApA:LOD.

Ha nonepxnocrn GOKOBIMOK Me AomyeKarores MODUS, CUIDAR
BEST HT. Ma

3ATAKKA MEPEAOB

Benen sa # "AMKof MOAMOCKOB MPOMSBORNTCA saTRAKKA nepenoB
no ECEMY KOHTypy Kononkt.

mm“ o6neruenm sara KKH. nepexos uyHNO npeABapHTesDIO mx
YarannTb. Vazamneme 1enecooßpasno NPOHSBORETS CO CTOpON
Gaxrapmi Tenaoh BOAOR np4 MOMOLLN BATH AK HOCKYTA TKauk

175

Sarsxxa nepeaon naunmaercn e HocomoR sacra. Flacae npowanı
AeCTHOTO NOANOCKA KACEM JATRKHAA KPOMKA B 9TOM MCCTO BETATA-
baereR u npuKpon.mercn K cremxe meraaamuecnol wnAADKOR. Horon
upouseoauTes SATIUKKA mepena B nyakax.

Tip asrrarupanHu mepena B TYSKOBBIX GCTAX AOMOAHATEABHOS
sarnxeuie MaTepHata COSNAETCR KCTHO pyKx. PesrAakuPaneM Ma
Tepkana oT HORBEMA D HANPAAEHN K Pana, CTEABKE y MeCTA 30
‘TAKEN mepena OÓJerdaercs ero BETAKKA.

Tlopazok u MOCACAOBATEABMOCTD Buinoamenmm Omepauma TO 3a-
‘AWAKE IICPCnOB TAKE Xe, KaK 3 MPH SATEXKE MOANApAOD.

Taapioe BAHMAHHE MDH saTmKKe mepenon HeOGKoAHMO OGpautaTs
Ha mpasmabnoe oGreraHMe MOBEPXHOCTU KoNOZOK BO BCEX CC Yaa-
erxax.

Tlocae sarwxxu mepeza na GoKonsie eer KOMOAKH Heo6xoaHMO
mponarecrit aarmacky ero 8 HOCOMAON nacrn, Dra paGora Anınmercn Hau-
Gouee caoxHoñ H OTBeTCTBEHKOR “ACTO OMepaUHR.

Tipu saramke mepezos 8 uocownoh ¥acTH non COÓMONATECA
cacayiomue npanmaa: nocze SAXSATHPANHR SATRHOÏ KpOMEH Ty6-
Kawn, KEIM enaeTen HEKOTOPHA monopor noxpyr cnoeh
MponOABHOR och B HANpanNeHAN K WeHTpy HOCKA C OXHOBPEMCHHEM
DSLITAPHBARHEM 3ATIKNOÍ KPOMK.

Drum ROCTHTACTCA BETATBARNC 3ATRKHON KPOMKH c OAHOBPEMeR-
Hu CABHTaHMEM ES NO TPAHR HOCKA KOAORKH K WeHTpY.

Ecan no paay npnuun (csollcrsa watepuazos, (popma HocKa KO-
ox Hap.) Sara KpoMKa GymeT M1OXO YKMAMBATECA Ha
cremske an ckIAAKH ee ne ÓYAYT pasrstaxKMBATECA, HeOBXOAHMO NPO=
MSBECTH HaApesbl MM BHPESKE B CKNGAKAX saTAAHOM KPOMKH: pH
TOM UHH HAAPe3a SATHMNOR KPOMKM HE AOMKMA AOXOANTE 10
Fpann mocoqoA sacra Crear na 4—5 MM.

Bupeaky KOKH HYAHO ETATS YAKHMH YUACTKAMH C TAKHM pacue-
TOM, «TG NOCIE OMepauma SATAMMAA KPOMKA npeucrannna cobol
ORTE CILAOUIUYIO. MODEPXHOCTE 063 APKO DHPAKCHHAX CACIOD DIiPe-
SBAMIA ROMA,

Tlepea saramkof nepenos B HOCOWOR YATE MOBEPXHOCTL CTEABKH
MOMASLIBAETEA PESHKOBHAE KAceM, AIX TOTO TOOK JATAMILER KPOMKA
mocme npHkpensenia ee mm Guta ROMOHITEABHO MPH
Katee,

Mlocae mpurpennenun saTEX HR KPOMKA Mona HMET LUPA
10—12 ww mpm paronow meroxe u 16-18 wm-—npm Aepe-
BAHWO-UINUAENHOM METORE RPEN.TEHAA Hua,

Bo nsGexaime nepekaumbaunn nepenon sarsikKa pexeTea nomepe-
MeHHO € oßenx cropon Kononkn. Drum oßecnennpaeicn nocrenennoe
npasablioe O6neraune NOBEPAHOCTH KONOAKH TIEPEAOM.

Tipn sammxxe 5 mepDyo ouepeze mepen DHTAPHBATCR 4 saKpe-
HARETCA 8 HOCOMOR “ACTI, MOTON_ B nyakak.

SavwaKy HEPExOS 8 TEACHONHOR ACTH AVKMO MAMANATD C BAYT
pewueli CTOPONH, a MOTOM YAKe na OCTAXBNX YYACTKAX,

Tloczie sarmxxi nepexOB TO BCeHy KORTYPY FPaHH cremex HeoOxo-
AuMo o6paGoram nepena € auuesol cropomi. JTerkuun Yaapasıı Mo-

176

nom Ou no SATSKHOM KPONKE m GoKORO! monepxuocru nepezon yerpa-
homoTeR nce HepOBHocTH. Hocouhan YacTs OKOmare/bmo. Qopuyerca
nO KONTYPY KOWIOAKH, a TAN CTEAKH YETKO BAIABITITCA NO BCeMY ee

Tlepexon or Hocowmoñ wacTH x nysKOBO He 102Xen muero ome-
varon Tpamin ecrkoro nommocKa, Mnanısul, xpacuosill mepexon
B TOM MeCTe AOCTHrA6TCA OÓPAGOTKON MOJOTKOM.

Pore, 118. Own ama seranys0R sarorom

Ecm sarmmka npoussoaiaacs co cresbkam € TyGoR m npexsapu-
‘TeMbHO HAKONOTEMA OTBEPCTAAMK, INNHLABKH, MPHRPENTMONLNE SATDR>
MYIO KPOMKY, HeOOXORHMO SAGHBATD Ha YAACTKEX MAY NPOKOMAMN,
TOOL COXPAMHTD OTBEPCTAR OT NPOKOMIOB HENOBPEX MEME,

KaK npasino, MeTanummgeckne UIMHTKH SAGMPAIOTCR Ha 34 LAKHS
# Ma paceronmmm 5—7 MM OT rai np PARTOBOM H Ka PACCTOHNAM
12—14 MN NP ACPCBARMO-LINKAENHON METONE HSTOTOBACHHA OÓYBH.

Mexny mmunxann paccronne XomKRo cocranmm: 5—6 MM
B xocounof ací, 10—12 mm B rémexounoñ qacra m 12—14 m
B oranémax sacrax xonozok (pyc. 113).

Tlocae Jana KPAR IATIAFON KPOMKH cpesaioTeR HOMOM 8 Ha~
TIPABIICMMH=K MAOCKOCTH CACXA KOMONOK MO BCE AMM nepenos
(puc. 114), Lupa xpowkw nocne oGpeskn ee xpaen onpenenneren
mmpnoñ TyÓ Creme, mo Aomkıra Obere ne Gorse 10 MM, à TAA
Aepesamno-umuzeunoro werona xpennenma 16—18 wa. Konryp xpomK
nocne oGpesxs ee Oa BCETO kpzs HOJOKEN GTS PODEM € TUTOR
epexonaun HOCONMOÏ u nYHKOROÏ ACTA.

7

2 Foun compo caner

Ecru GyAeT oÉnapyHeHO, 170 BO BPEMA SATAMKH KAMH KOTOAKH
cxemnyaen CO CBOETO MecTa, HeOGXOAUMO HeMEALMEHKO YCTAHOBITO ero
na uecro. Ina sToro Geperen KpyrAaA nepenannan nORCTABKA, ann
owen KOTOPOÏ YIMPMOT B 3AMMOIO NADINAJKY wanna, a NO ApyrOMy
MPONaBOAAT AAPM MOAOTKOM AO Tex NOP, moka Kann me sauer
‘cbocro epaotiavamnoro TonowexuA.

Tlocxe 34TAXKE nepeaoB nposepsercn KawecTBO Baromnenta one-
pauun. OcoGoe puamaime oÓpamaeros Ha To, aTOGM a Moaynapax 32-
TaMyTie Ha KOAOAKY aaroronkn OLIH OANKAKOBBIMN, à NEPeza MLAOTHO
paneram k Goko30R NOBEPXHOCTH KONOAKH Ha BCcK Ce YucTKax.

Pc. 114 Cpesaune naanuıKob sarmxnon Kponen

Tpanb cremskm a npoTmmennm aceli June KONTYPA Cena KO1O-
ROK ROTKKa Oré OAKOOSpasHOR m orueramsol, FloRHOCKK mas Goko-
BHNKH HE AOMKMU AavaTS KAKHX~ANGO OTMeXATKOB Ha MOBEPxHOCTH
nepenos. Llapam mue Haw apyrue Mexanueckne NOBPEMXERER ero
Me ROMYCKAIOTCA.

BLIHBAHHE PAHTOB

Onepanua puusaxus panos Anasercn HauGonee oraereracuuoh 9
Rex onepau no waroTonaenno xpoxomwx canor. Bunormenmen STOR
Omepauan, BO-HepBHX, AOCTUFACTCR OKOMIATEMHOE cKpennenne Bepxa
SArOTOBKU CO CTeABKO MPH HOMO HUTONOTO WBA, a BO-BTOPLN
«TO ocoGeRKo nazxıo, mpomtoe MpuKpenaeune para K crembxe, OT
npoHOCTH npakpennekus pauron aanlicur nponkocr rOTOBOÑ OSYBM.
ECM no Tem ma HSM npHNHHAM CKPCILIEHHE PAHTOS CO CTEASKAMN
Mapyuuunocs, an menpannennn mehekta Heo6xoAUNo Oyaer paspy-
UTS cxpentene MOAOMIBK € PariTAMH, NOTOMY HTO wos, MpuKpenaAiO-
uit pair K erenske, 9aKptiT HOROLIBOÍ,

Tlepen mprkpenaennen parr Heo6xoguuo o6pa6orars jaa npa-
BLAMOPO BLITOTHeHAA MPOLECCA.

178

Ina ayunero hopMosakHa paTst HYKHO YBIAKHNTS, YanaxKHeHHe
MpongBOAHTeA mpocrum onyexamuen m poRY Ha 5—1O munyr. [orou
patas pasuiraaloren Myre MHOrOKpATHHX warHOakn pyaın. Yoraz-
¡emmue H PA3MATUENNBIE pari CACAJET cAerka BUTARYTS, ANA Tero
‘OM SaMIMAIOTCA MEXKAY MAOCKOCTHIO OCKH H JaOHbIO PYKEL

Knersio APyroft pyKH pants MeperuóaloTea “epes rpanb Mocku u
DMTATUBAIOTCA. JIxmeBaR CTOPOMA PANTOD y kpaes ux, KOTOPMNE OHM
Syayt npanunaraen x sareronke, Enyexaeñea no eet pame. Hispana
emycka 5—7 um. Toauuka Kpaen paros nocae cnycka Aomna sm He
Gonee

0,5—1,0 ux.

Pue. 115, Hazecenne ann npoxonos
Ans DIMAS PaRa

Ecm paru Oyayr KpyTOBLIC, Y. €, m B nATowoh HACTA, TO yuacTOK
Paxton, APAXOAMMHACA ta MATKY, He CMYCKASTCA,

Tlepen auanow BRMONHCHKA onepauue Ha xueñoÍ cropore sa
rækoï KPONKH y gamoll rpemu ee HeOOXoAHMO OGoskaunrs mio,
no kotopolt OyayT PacnonaraTsch OTBepCTHA MPOKOMOD IAAOM NH
BWHBAHHH parTOD. JIuBA OGOIMANAETCA MpH MOMONA OCTPHA HOXA
uan wa. Lan store HNCTPYMENT SAMUMACTOR MEXAY JKASATEMNEN
M PEN TAABIAMI PYKM TAK, NTOGH HOME ero HECKOMPKO BHICTYTAA
sa mpenem cpeaxero nampa. Sareu, aelictaya ykasaremsa Mam
eM Kax OTPARUWITCACN, KOKeN HNCTPYMENTA IMPACTABAMOT K SATHM-
Hoh KPOWKE, CATIA NAMAMAIOT Ha HeTO H OGBOART MO DCEMY KONTYPY
KOAOAKH OT ORKOTO KOMIA saaHEKa XO npyroro (puc. 115).

Ocrpue mncrpywewra, caerka uapanar amuesod caof saræxnol
KpowxH, “ocramager caen. pn Pumonnennn SToro mpuema He Tony
ckaTs XOTA On Masefiuero Hanpesa AMNeBORO C:10R, TAK KAK MpH BU
Haiti para LOCA YTADKKH CTEKKOS MOMET HPOHSOÏTE paspuB KOKA

Ina an pacronomenna orsepcrifl nomma Our» poBKol, Ges
ussunnn. Paccroane Mexay STOR AMC 4 TPAnBIo 11O BceMy KOHTYPY,
Konoaxn AOMKHO passer 1,0—1,5 MM.

m 179

Jan oGnerienna Dainoahenkn ouepauui 5 MOCOMNOÑ WACTH weneco-
oGpasuo mponsecru npencapremwoe dopuosanue pamTos Ma ya
CTKAX, KOTOPHe MPMXOAATOR Ha ITY ACT CARA KOAOAKN.

DPMOBAHNE Panta IPOXSBOAMTCA caeayiouim o6pasoM: K nxOCKO-
CTA xpHUIKH CTOJA MMM ROCKH MAKOTHO GOMBMOFO mamma mm
KUMZCTCA PANT MMMEBOR CTOPOHOR K JOCKE H CIYMIEHMEM KpaeM x paGo-
Taromteny. Kucrsio apyrofi pyKH Pan, caerka BETACHBARCE, OTBORHTCA
X paGoraiomeny HACTOMEKO, YTOÓH YYaCTOK pakTa, SATA MeMay
axonto u ROCKOÍ, 43 IIPAMOTO Obii MOMENCH B He NESAMKAYTON
Gyxei «0», 7. €. par y atom yaacme Aoaen moaysum POPMY, MpH-
Gmxennyio x Gopue HocONOÏ wacTH HATENAS.

rmx nPHEMOM u A0CTATACTCA OpMOBAKHe pana, » npouecce Ko-
Toporo Koxa Y CHYIMEHHOrO Kpaa ACT YCAAKY, a Y BNelMErO, 7, €
neenyumeHHoro Kpas, OMA MMNOTO PACTAMETCA.

Pue. 116, Bunvanxe parton

Bumbanne pantos wauunaetca Y konua sauna. Jan Bunomenun
roh onepaum nenomayiorea mitku «Mexxeñ» A? 8 man aparna
(prc. 116-1162). ,

Tipaxxa (aparsa) nonkna 6x7 Xoponio nponurana napon.

Konus Aparası Jacyausairea MIETANOR um TOHKHNN MPOBOAON-
Manch roaKanH, naormyraanm TO QOPMe umaa Arm DILHEAHHR pauron.

Iluno Ama BumBanmn PANTOB LOMKHO Mens naorayTyio POPNY.
© Xopowo orrovennm ocrpmex. TlopepxHocts ero nomKHa OBITS
TularemHo OTIIAMPOBANA npH NOMOMK MEAKOSCPANCTOR NaaamıoR
Gymarn. +

Buuosuieune onepain Naynmaerca caeayiounse OOpasoM: maxeane
cremxoñ Ksepxy 3AKHMATCR MEXAY KOXEH; HOCONMOR ACTHO OHO
o6paweo x padoraiomeny. Mexay ABYMA LINHAKAMH Nenaercn npo-
om CTEAbKH CO CTODOI CE CEPEAHHM, TOMO B TOM MECTE, FAL Paci:
aoxena cTenka ryOH, T. €. B KeNOGKe. Jerkuw H2XHMOM Ka PYKOTKY
uno BaaBannacica 3 CTEAKY B TAKOM HANPABLICHA, ¥TOOM OCTPHE

180

ero npokozano saTsKHy!O KPOMKY B TOM MECTE, rae MPOXOAUT Hame-
vennan na He pance mur.

Bo wpens MPOKOOB MMO KHCTBIO Apyrofi PYKH cosnacren omopa.

Tlocate npokona CTembKH H. 3ATRKHOÏ KPONKH Bepxa K ocTpHO LA
npuxwecren paxT Taxis OÓpasom, TOO npoKoA ero npuuencn
o enymesmoit sacra, wa pacerosmun 1,0—1,5 wat or au necnymen-
HOR sacra.

Tlocae npokonoS umno MSB:ICKASTCA, A PAUT IPHKIMACTCA D SATRA
Hoi KpOMKe Tax, “TOÓN nonowenme ero B MOMENT POKOM COX
HNAOCh m noce Hanaenemmea umaa. B oGpasosarmeecs orneperue npo-
UIYCKACTCA wWeTHHa, à NOTOM MOOBHHA APATEM, MPH STON CALART, TOO
KOMAB ee RITA OnNMAKOBOH ALINE,

Pare, 1162. Meprex smuroro parra.

TIpoxo1,BTOPOFO orbeperun Menarensno CHENATO TaKKe MeKAY
UIMUKAMH, WTOOM AO YAAIENKA LMWMKH HATAKENNE 3aTRRHOR
KPOMKH He ocza6uaock B cTembKe

OnxcaHNu npesenm IIPOMSBOMHTCA Buneanue para Ha LCEM
yaacrxe.

Ilan rostienue npowtocTH AepwaHHA pakra cremKH YrArHBaIOTER
noornasa. UTOÓN yraKKa HX Ke OCIAÓRATACE, HeOOXOANMO MpOHsEO-
‘ANT Tax HASHBAENYIO SABMBKY KOMNOD, T. €. CHAT AMM BTOK
ORHHM KOHLON HHTKH BOKPYT APyTOTO.

Jyauee yrarugaiute CTEMKOB AOCTHTAETCH E TOM caysae, Korda
noce MpoTacKHeaNAs Op KOEN APATBEL HAMATEBATER Ha PYKOATRY,
Aura, a Apyrof— 2okpyr Kuctu ApyroR pyka, lan npenoxpaneunn
KOMH PYKH OT NOBPEMACHAÑ MCOÓXOMIEMO NOABIOBATRCA TAK Nas
BACMEIM KapyaHAKOM, NPEXCTABAMOUHM COGOR mOAOCKy KOM UIKpH-
Hoh 5—6 cx u namiol, AocraroukoR nin ornbannn xucra pyxm. Ha
KOMAX MapysHHKa HMEIOTeH DHPEMS, KOTOPLIMM OK KaenaeTem Ha
Gomurof naxen.

181

Tom mpoxoxe crexexm nozOmeHHe una ROMANO Ob MOCTORH-
mau, TIpokansianne cTezuku Hepes JMLEBYIO CTOPOMY He AONYCKACTCH,

TayÓmua mpoxona unaom xOJKHa Or ROCTATOWNOM iin Toro,
UTOÓNN OTBEPCTINA COOTRETCTRORAAH TOMILNKE APATBM, CIOKENHOË BABOE.

Tipu npokone ums HeoOxoanwo HSÓCTATD paspyucua Komm.
B sTom CAYyaC, ecm CTEMKH MECTKHE MAK BEICOXIMA, CHEAYET UX
years. Torna Óyner oGnervexo npoxanpatte KOMM M YCTpa-
hena BOSMOXHOCTÉ paspymenua TYÓN cTemBKR.

Nlnurexn, mpHkpenAMIONUNE SaTAKNYIO KPOMKY, YRAMUOTEA NO Mepe
RpuGawxexna K HAM MDa, MpAKpenaMoMerd pair.

Tloene OKOnYaHHS BILMBAHH® pakTa, ONE KOHOM APaTBM
K cTenKe NPIKPENIARETCA DATIKNAN NPOMKA Y APYTOTO KOBUA SAAMNKA.

Pue. 117. Tipoxon sas yumsxn sarmkof KPOMIA » narre

un sroro na pacerommm 6—8 mu OT rpau D satÍmaol xpouxe
Mark MPOHMORTER MPOKON m HAMPARIENHN OT TATKH K ÉTRRE.
Tipoxon nenaerca re Xe 100%, KOTOPHM BuImBaJca panr. Llano,
npoñan sarmxnyio Kpomky H creabky na unpnne 12—14 Mu, eaer
(CXBOSHOE orsepcrie, B KOTOPOe MPONYCKaeTCA KOHER APATPA, a no-
gaeanan, yrarksan ro, Npikpenier SOTANO Kponty K creme
ue. 117).

Tax Xe, no B OßMerky Nepe3 xpail, npukpenmmeren armamos
Kpouxa naTOMHOA sacru. Hanpanenun MPOXO/OB Roms OBITS Beepo-
OOpaamauım, CXOASMINNHCA B cepexme naTOMOR “acta cremKH. Pac
CTORHHA MERAY CTEMKANA, HPHKDENAMONNNE SATKHYIO KPOMKY,
onu pasnrrécn 13—15 wm 8 Ookonoh, Gode oraoroh sacra
mark, u 8—10 MM 5 sazurel uacr#, 0ko.10 npobis.

Toosan HA LIMMKH, HPHKPENAIONNE saTmAKYIO KPOMKY TATEH,
ynaamoren TOALKO TOTAa, ROTE Ha JARHOM yaacTRe KeOOXOMAMO 6Y-
eT MpoHsnecTH NPOKON OTBepcrHa IHAOM.

182

Tlocxe oGpasoannm Kamıoro CTeMka ORHOBpeMEHHO c yrarina-
BHM ero MpOUSHORUTEA NORKOAANHBAHHE SRTAKHOR KPOMKN B Ha
npanzennm ot rpann x cremke (pic. 118—119)

Drum oGecresusaeres Govtee OTRO? MpRAETANHE SATDRROA KPOWKH
K cremxe m aysmee yrarnoame CTEMKA.

Pare, 119, Yraxxa crexra

Tipaspenaenan sarıman KpoMKa OOpaGarmisaeTe MOMOTKOM 10
DODEPXMOCTA Ta, UTOÓN nce KeposiiocTa, OYrPA MT. IM. CHAN Ber
parents.

K 00paborannof sarsıkuoh KpomKe narkn par mpxKpenaseres Ae-
PeBAHKEINH HMHTKAMM, AHA KOTOPEIX AOMkHa OGeCTEUNTS CKPe-
aenue panra, SaT#KNOË KPOMKM, sammuxa m crema (puc. 120).

OGsano npunenmoren mas srof me mms Ne 12—14, Jlomna
winwmex onpexeanerea Tonmuiofl cxpenamexix nerameñ mmoc 1,5—
2,0 MM Ha BSXOA WNMADKU HS TONI Kon.

183

Parr © nerowol, sacm, npuspeianenen cxeayioun Jospason

© TOM Mecte, KoTOpoe comnaaer c HanGoree Bhmyk10Ë. YacToI

Namen, 7. €. Y NPOUIBH, NO BHYTPeHKeMy Kpaio PATA menaioTeA Wi

[esas dopue zpeyromumon apr 45 nun nuicoro 67 wo

OJIECTRO STHX PHPEIOB KOMEÓNETCA B npenezax 5—8 UITYK; “em

Marae Koma W eM OMA MISE YKAMEIBACTOR, TOM MENU BHPCIOK.
png sacra paurs, naxoaaweln na nonepuocr sanmenoh

m.

fe Panta wnnascaun » mare

Innasku sa6npaorcn wa paceronimm 6-8 mw or rpaux mark
© Taxi pacuerom, "TOGH € BHYTpeHNeH cTOpOH cTexex OM pacno-
Taranncb na paccTonnmn 3—4 MM OT Kpas.

KOHU patos B MPCTAX COCAMMCMAA HX COYCKBIOTCA Ha-HeT Ha
pacerosimn 10—12 Mu or Kpaen u nocae Hakan apyr ua APyra
Cxpenasiorca uumnmskoh u ApaTnofi

PaaMepst CTEIMROB Mp BlIMBANHH PanToB KOMEÓMOTCA B npene-
sax: 5—6 mu 0 Hocouïo nacr, 6-7 Mu D renenownoh sacré u
7—8 mu D nyuronoli sacrn (cw. pre. 1162).

Tlpn bsmozmensx 5TOÏ Onepaltu HEOSKOAHNO B TONHOCTH COÓAIO-
Rat cacayoume TpeGoanan

1. Jun cTemKon nonacna ÓsITE ponnoh, Gea uexpunzemti.

2. Cremxn non GT YTANYTEMH ROOTKA9A.

3. Paccromite mexity BHYTpeHHHM KpaeM BUIATOTO palta 1 al
Heli PACTOONEHHE CTeKKOR Ha BCeM MPOTHMENHN .AOMKHO GATE
ODHNAKOBAN,

4. Orbeperun OT MPOKOJÓN TON AOIAHAL OT XOPOLIO 3207
HOME CANO,

5. Crakka pawra Crexkamm ne nonyekaeren

6. Ulm, npukpenanouwne pair 8 marounoh vacrı, nom
Gurs pacnonomensi Ha OnKOM au.

7. Kakue-anGo weponuocru Má MOBEPXKOCTE sumToro palta
(cexanka, sopugmet HT. 1.) He AONycKamoTen.

184

8. Macro patra, sbictynaiowan 3a Tpab CTEAKH, mo neemy KON-
TypY ROMANA uMeTs OHAKOBYIO. LIHPAKY-

9. mus pacnozoxenuñ cTexKoB ROAMNA D TOMIOOTA conmanaTı
© mumeñ mamerKu no saTRAHO! KpoMKe, Pacionoxenne crexkon 32
UPEReJaMH SO in He RONYCKACTCA, TAR KAK B 9TOM cay¥ae ApH
HesHaNnTerbHOM OTTHOAMKH paira cTeKKH GyayT oóramareca. Sto
Ke ÓYXCT MPONCKOAUTB u NH CARGO YTHKKE. CTEAKOD,

Ecmi monómoa Oyner mpipenasTica AepenmIniEINH Mina
(Gea panra), saramnan KpOMKa PAKPENARCICA x crembKe O6METOUBIN
BOM sepea pan, mocae «ero npaxpenaserca part (pic. 121).

pas au

Pue. 121. Mpwxpensente pauros m moxous ApeBAnkn wnvasKann

Barom cayuae onepanun BANOANRIOTCK czeayrouunt OÓpasom: co
CTOPONA SATANOÍ KPOMKH, B CPCAMER ACTH $€, KPHBBIM WHOM ne
HaeTeR npoxon TAKUM oÓpasox, WTOGH BMECTÉ € 3aTamuol KPOMKOÏ
Guna saxsaena m cremka. Payóxma npokona cremku ROXARA GT
ne Gomme 2% Tomum ee. TIpoxo.tst crertskn MpORSBORATCR € HI
TépBATAUN MAY musa, PABNSEND D remeHONHO-Ny"KOBOA ACTE 10-
12 su 8 nocounoA uacrn 5—6 um

Alaa mpoxona xoxm ne Gomme 10—12 mu. B orsepcrue or npo-
koñoë nponÿekaeren aparsa. pn narmmennn ce yaapaMit MONOTKON
no aMueBOR MOBEPXMOCTA saTAAKHAR KPOMKA MpMAHMAeTCA K CTEMKE,
de oGaerdaeTeR YTAKKA CTEKKOB.

Illu, npHKpenaoune SATEMHYIO KPOMKY, YABIMIOTCA B Tor
MONeHT, Kora APATRA Mponyuer'a n OTRepCTHE OT MpoKO.ta INHAOM
H HeOGXOAMO IPORSBECTH YTRMKY crexKa. VAT YKASANHEC
UINHABKH PAUL, MEM HAMUCTOR NPHKPELIHHC D STOM MECTE JATEK-
HOM KPOMKH, Bo HIGeXaNHe ocraxema HaTMKENHA ee, He pexomen-
ayerca. Ocobo TILATEMBHO CACAYCT MPAKPENIATB SATHKHVIS KPOMKY
B mocowmoi “acre. Jaa ayumeñ KHAN ee uenecoo6pasıo
DPOMSBECTH BLIPESKY KPOMKH B MecTax HaMGombNeTO OGpAIOBANER
cKNAAOK, IIpHuen BRpesKy MEOOXOAMMO ACAUTR TOKUX O6pAsOM, TOG
Mocne 3TOTO » saTmKHOM KpomKe me OÓpasonamMco mycTHe Mecra.
Flocae mpukpemsenua saTamHan KDOMKA BBIPABHHBAETCH 10 Boe no

185

sepxnocru. Bee crnann cpesuoren noxom. BoKosaa noBepxuoers
JATOTODXH Y TPAHN CFAAUBACTOS, a Tpaws TINATEITLHO BHABAROTOS.

Paura o6ysn STOTO Meroza Kpennennn MPHKPENMAOTCA Ha SATA:
uylo KpoMKy ua ysacTKe OT HocoWmoÑ AO MyakonoA ace, npHNEM
KOHN paHton 2axonsT 3a yuku Ha 1,5—2 cM. Parr Bsikpannaroren
8 cremeuux Kox; mmprna paure 16—18 mu, rommana 2,5—3,0 mM.
Tlepea mpupensemuen paru yonaxuniores'n popmyiorea.

Tina mpuKpenzenuR pAHTOS nanerme YAMANSIBAETCA Ha KO TAK,
sroGs RocouNOÏ ACTAIO KO/IOZKA Ynupaach B KOACHO, MPOTUBONOTOK“
Hoe pyKe, KOTOPOR IIPOMIBOMUTCA PEÚOTA UNION H MOAOTKON.

Pare, 122, Cpesomno xaanuxon saramıon pom

Ha sataxnyio KpoMKy y nyska © oxemmeñ cropons, Gaxrapsanof
CTopouoft Ksepxy, wakiantisaeTem pant, mpnsem WCT ero wApHHoft
12—14 NM pacrozaraeren Ha saTmxNOM KPOMKE, a OcTambHAR BHCTY>
naer 3a Mpeneast TPARA CTENK.

3arem 5 paure, na paccrosnun 4—6 MM OT Nayana ero, OpLITRKOM
‚Aenaeren mPOKoA orneperun, B Koropoe ncranmeren Aepennnnan
lumumka H yaapon MOXOTKA SAGHBACTCR A00TKaSa.

Jaxueñuee npunpenzreune para IPOMIBOJHTCA B TAKO KE 10-
Panxe no acelt ero anne.

Paccronnnn NexAY UMAMKEMR He ZOMKBN npesbuars 5—6 MM
8 nocounoA wacın u 8-10 um 8 ocrannoh sacra.

Tlocae mpukpenieniia PAUTH ynyıkon CIIYCKAOTCA Ha-HeT na pac-
cromm 15—18 uM or xpaen. Cnyck nommen Ohm MAaBHEIM COAH
Hakonsın nakaonow. Mopepxnoctb PauroD Bupanuibaeren HOXOX, npi-
NEN Kpañ HX, OÖPAUNEHNBE BHYTPB CACHA, CPEAIOTCK Tak, TOOL MO-
Bepxnocte Gua positoll Geo Oyrpon

Tipu ó6paGorke pahron neasan aonycKare cpesoB cremkoi
kpenamiomux pari HH saTaxuyIo xpomky (pre. 122).

Mloczre Ewan man apHGKBKN panron H O6paGOTKH C Gaxrapun-
wo cTopous mponssonien o6paGorKa mx € aunevoR CTOpOuL,

186

npn

as storo o6yab CTABHTCA CACHOM Ha ROCKY, pacnozoxemuyio a
xoneuax. Oco6ol KOCTONKOÏ antenas cropona parra HECKOJLKO OTTH-
Gaeten OT aaroropkn m NPWRUMAETCK K MAOCKOCTA 1OCKH. Harman
KOCTONKH Ha AHLEBÿIO CTOPOHY € MHOOKPATHLIN ABHACHNCH NO PARTY
Pnepen — Has MODEPXHOCTS ero pasraarxusaerca u CTAROBITCA PAGA
Kofi, mpi TOM pair ynaoTHReTes.

Tlocae paaraammnanna para aio ero HAKATAIBACTOA Harperem
paHToBbiM KONECHKON.

B cayuae OTCYTCTOMA Koneca piicywox wa pant. HANOCATCA mpi
nomomt ocoGoro imicTpyMenTa, MPERCTABAAMINETO COGOR Meramie-
exit crepxems Tomımol 5—6 mu. Onan Konen ero aakpenzien B me-
Pesannof pyuke, a apyrofl sarouen no dopme syGa KozecuKa, Tlyren

Pue. 129. MoaxpoR munroro paa

BRABAHBAMIN sarovemoro Koma ero D PANT Ha ¡une 1OCHEANETO OTNE-
NATHIBAETCR OTTHCK pHCYHKA, TAKOM Me, KAR HOT KOXCHKA

Tlocae xakaTkh Kpouka parta 32 MexezaMH KOHTYpa pucynka
epesaerca pasnomepno, Ges seixsaros 10 «Pan (pc. 123),

‘Tiss ninoamennn STOTO MIPHEMA naneane ycrananmnaercn na aocke
CHEXON Kımay M CANOXHBM HOKOM, SAXATHM B KHCTH PYKH, NPOHIBO-
AMTCA oGpeska parra,

Onepaiyno NEOGKOANNO DROITE TOMO, TaK KAX pH ManefureM
YMERBUIEHAK uMpAHes panr ÓYReT HenopueH u ero MPHACTCA aaMeHATS.

B naTOWOR "actu pant oGpeaaeres 1 TOMHOCTA No KOHTYPY NATKH.

Hinpana paura 5 stom mecre 2,5—3,0 ww. Tlocne oOpeska panron
KonTyp caexa AomKeH Gur npaBiuibuol opus 4 OMKHAKOBLIM B Tape,
A mmpuma PaxTOR B NOCONO-NOAWETONON NaCTH AO. Orb OJO
HaxoBofl no Bcefl Annie.

Ecay Hamexelo npiuusars MOAOMISY Geasm LEAKOM € OTKpue
TOME CTEXKAMI, PANTEL MO BUIKBKH MCOÓXOAMMO DMKPACHTE KPACKO
no usery mepxa,

MOATOTOBKA CHEAA (BBICTHAKA)

Tlepea npnkpenzennem NONOLIBS HCOÓXOHMO MOATOTOBHTE CACA
OGYBM, T. €. BCIO TIAOUIAAD CTC/IBKU, OPPAUMICKNYIO. KPAME saTHKHOH
XPOMKH, S2MOXHKTb, WTOÓN MOMOMIBA B FOTOBOA OÓYBH He MMEzA NPO-
Banon.

187

Tenewowan acts 3anOAMACTCA TEACHKAMU— ACTAMAMA, MaroTa
DAMBACMAMN MS ANNOBOTO AYÓS, A TIORMeTONNaR HACTb SAMOAHAETER
AeTanasın, MASMBACMBIMH NPOCTHAKOÏ, BRIKPOEHHOM H3 OTXOROB KOM,
Bohnoxa Apyrax maTepnanon.

Paswepit TeseHoK H MPOCTHAKH AOMKHS ÓNITE AOCTATOUKEIMH AA
TOTO, UTOÓN MEMAY Kpamın IX H KPARMI SATKHOÏ KPOMKH He OCTA=
Bavlock NCSanoJMennoro npoctpakeraa.

Tenenku puikpansaiores no (ope, u rounocru coorsercraytomeñ
dopue renenounoit sacra crexex, To Jumme oN AOAKKD! MOKPHIBATE
Paccromiie OT 3AT#KHOÏ KPONKH B MATOWROR YacTH XO JAN, COCA
Hmoutel nyaxn. Toamiuna renenor 40—4,5 uw. Hanpannenue BoñOKON
Ay6a — BARON AMHR DENK.

Tlepea npuxpenzenmen remuku oßpaßarnaoren. Cropona mx,
Npkzeraiouias x creiske, cummaercs K Bupannuaercn. Lam nyauero
dopunpossuun rexenok AYÓ npeasapuremHo HAMAHIBACTCH B Bone
5 reseuxe 2—4 wacon

TIpocrazkn Duxpanparorca no Dopwe nonmerounoh wacta crenex,
orpañmennoñ KPARMH 3aTAMHoÄ KPONK x ANKER nyAKOB,

Tlepex mpocrnoii cena HEOÓXOAMMO VAE BCE PBOSAM, KOTO-
prima Gian mprpentcnia cremkn K Kononkam. Ocrasacnne raoszelt
Wan sacrek HX (noc/e BosMorKHOrO OTKYCHDAMAR ryGKAMH KyCANeK)
HH B KOeM cayaae HENOMYCTIMO, MOTOMY "TO 5 TOTOSOR O6yeR DOS-
MOXHO MORPEAEHHE HM CTONEL,

B nepayio ovepens K creiske npukpenummren renexk. [peua-
premio. NEOBXOAHMO MPOMAJATE CTENBRY B re-TENONHO-MYAKOBOÏ TaCTH
REKCTPHHOBBIM KAeeM, TIOTOM RAAOKHT TEEHOK M MPHKPENHTR ero
10—12 nposoaownsime rBosaasn.

Tonuthtia npocTuaK ONPEREARETER TOAUNNOR saTAKHOR KPOMKH 1
parron m ROMIKHA GT AOCTATORON AA TOTO, WTOÉM noce 06pa-
GOTKH PARTOS I MPOCTHIKH OH COCTABAAH MOBEPXHOCTA ¢ PAI
MEPEXOMAMH OT CEpEAHIE IPOCTUAKH K PAUTEN.

Kpañ mpocrumn no aman nyskop eiyexaercn 1a-1er.

Tlocre npaxpennemmt reJeno, Tem ke Kite NPOMAIMBAETR
erenbka 8 MOAMETOMMOR MACTH N HAKATAABIBAETCR RPOCTHAKa TAK, YTOG!
enymennsıh Kpañ resena Ovi saKperr.

Tezenkn caykat ne TOMKO AMS sanoamenun MPOCTPANCTEA Wa
CTemKax 3 rexeroutoh vacTH, HoH OGecnemHBaIoT coanaHHe MposKol
Onopui An CBORA CTOMAL BO BpeMA HOCKH OByBH.

Tlostomy resenku nomKHit pasts OpMy CHERS KOJOMOK 1
cOXpaHaTs ee AMTEIBIOS: BPM,

Jan aysutero @opwosatina rexenok, onepauito no Hx MpKpen.zenuD
HEOÓXOAMMO BEINOMBATO € MOMOLMBIO wrnanups. HaioxMs renenor
Ha CTeMBKY H YCTAMOBND ero MPABMBNOS NOAOMEINE, IIMANABIPS HA-
Gpachipaetcn MOBEPX restenKa,

B npHKATON K CTeMbKe COCTOANAN TeNEHOK npukpenanetcn MPORO-
sou raoanmuın 2,03<2,5 mM. Tnoann BÓnBalOTCA Ha 34 CROEM ATE.
Ocraioutuecn caoGonuixe ‘Konus reoszeR saruOaioTcH ua rexcHOK a
TOM mpmumaror ero x cremxe. Dna ayumero npHKHMA TROsAH
HCOSXOMHMO 3AÓMBATO C MPMMEHEHHEM KYCONKOR KECTKOH KOM, KOTO-

188

pue coaxaor Go.BLLyIO MAOIMAA MPIAHNA npn sarm6an rBoanel ma
ROBEpXHOCTA rezenox.

Taosaefi saGueaeren 10—12 my; pacnomaraorcn om no pceñ
naowann renenka.

B momeur mpuxuna resenKa OHMOBPEMENHO Aeäcrnyıor MoAoTKoN.
Jiersmun ynapaun ero rerenox hopmyercn. Tnosan, Koropem pH
Xpenaerst TEAEHKN, MPN BEMOMENIN TIOCICAYIOLINX OnepaunA. YAa-
ETS

Tlocte npnkpenaennn resenox Hx MoABepramr cymKe An ynane-
AA naar M BMCYUINBAMIA KACR, KOTOPEM NPOMAMBAICE Cream
mepen mpocmoil Cena.

Tlocae cyIIKH raoaın YRARMOTCA M BMECTO MX renenkn NPHKPÈTAN
orem epenAHHEIMK IIMLABKAM, JaTEM PEJIEHKN H MpOCTH.IKH OGPAGATH-
Baioren HOKOM € NapyaKHofi CTOPOMA TAK, YTOÓN! OME HMET POBHYIO,
<terka BBINYKAYIO MOBEPXHOCTS, OAAHAKOBYIO B OGeHX monynapax.

Drum 3AKAMINBASTOR MPOMECC MOATOTOBKA x MakuaTKe H Ma
xpenenmo noxours.

Taasa XVI
MPHKPENJEHHE HH3A OBYBH

TIPHKPENJIEHAE MOAOLIB

Tlepen npuxpenzennem HONOMIBA XO:KHA GTS CIEUMAMHO not
roropaewt.

IL Duxpon noxous npexae Doero nparotosnrerca MONEMb.
C 3TON nensio cHauana CHEMANOT KONHIO C.IEAOB SaTaHyTOAHNORFOTOBIeH-
HOR K mpukpenaenino nOAOLIB oGysu CACAYIOILAM OOpasoM: HA CHEX ma-
aaıunaercn act ÓYMATH m NPWAUMAeTCH KUCTBIO PYKH, TOGH OÙ
He cuentes, [pyro pyKof npx nowoule naknaunoii GyMarm Hano-
XeHHañ Ha Cen ÖyMara OTCEKAETCA MO TPARAM Panta.

Hloayscnmıfl OTIESATOK M1OAKPANBACICA HOMOM H BIIPABMABACTCA.
Buikpoeiman KOMIA MANIAABIBACTCA Ha CACA H MPOREPAETCK, COOTBET-
crayer am oma stomy caeny. Tlo monynennofi Komm Bmpesaerca
MORCAD M3 KapTOHA, KOTOPAR H CAyKHT LAA BBIKPOR MOROUIB.

Sareu YDIBMHCHNAR M MPODALIHNAR KOMA ONHLSTCR OT HN
E rpm, MOCAe ero OT Hee OTPESAIOT GomBaNKY — KYCOK KOKH NO
Pasxepal, COOTBCTCTBYIOMHN paSMEPAM MORE.

Onurinie wacrepa NPONSBORKT PASNETKY KOM Raa BLIKpANBAHMA
nononımen 6e3 mozerefi. B TOM cayuse canon Nakaanuınamr na am
EBYIO CTOPOMY KOKH M KOHTY ero OmepaxBaoT muzow. To amm
MAMETKU OTPESAOTCA GOABANKH H NOATOTOBAROTCH K HaKABAKE.

Koxa 10 BpeMR yuaaxwetmit À NPOBHAMBANNR CTAMODMTCA Mexee
MAOTHOÍ, nOSTOMY mepen MPHKPENAEHNEN NONOMBE ee HEOOXORHMO
ynuoTuuts, Sto AOCTHFACTCA PACKOAAMABANHEM KOKU GombULINN MO-
FOTKOM wa METANAMNCCKON mauTKe, KOTOPAR YKAAMLIBACTCA Ha KOMEHN.
Buxonsueanne nponanoanren no GaxTapMe OT CCpenunt NOAOLIDLE
© nocTencnnbiN mepexonom K Kpaav.

Tlpn packonaunbaunn Koma He TOMKO VNNOTHACTCA, HO $ yBEM-
"IRACTCA no maoutaru. Pro xouxuo Gro yureko nph packpoe zn
IPCAYIPERACHAA HenyxHbıx noreps Ko. Tlocze packonaunsansr:
Mpousnonurcn NOAKPAHBANHE NOZOIIB NO. MORE man mo CACAY oßyn.

Jam storo nOXOMBM MAKAAMMABAIOTEA Ha CREA CANO, NpHKpents-
JOTCA TROSMÁMH D Tpex TouKax M OOpesaloTcn Mo Kourypy Panron
(pue. 124), Sarex raosnn, npuxpenamoune Kobky, yaanmiorca, a no-
Aou OGpabarbieaiorca An OKONWATONEHOTO. MPEKPEIIEHUR.

190

B rexenouxof sacra © pHyrpeumeñ croponss npoussoaurea cny-
cKame Kpañ noxouB. CIYCKANHeM 34XBATNBAETCA Bech YUACTOK re.
nevouNoll nacTu, OFPAHMIHEAEUO NYUKOM U MECTOM, npHMMKAONEIN
x KaGuyky

Ilupwna cnymemoñ sacra noxomBs B cepenmte renenka cocTa-
Amer ‘/s BCeÍ MpHH NOJOMBH B 3TOM MECTe,

Kax lHpHHa cnyckaeworo ywactka, TAX penHiHa CHYCKA 202-
Axa Muere mmanısıli MePeXoA OT Kp3% MOROMBH D Cepeie rene-
HOWHOH «acTH K Tpammmam enycxaemoro ysacrka, Tomurna MOROUIBE
y Kpaes ocre CMYCKAMHR 1OXKHA COCTABARTS Ÿ OT NEPBONAYAANOA.

Tlepen waxzankoñ nonows MOBEPXHOCTE pakTos H Beero crexa
MPONABLIDAETCH ZeKcTpHKOBLIM K.reeM.

Pus, 124. Tlonepot nonoumu no paury

Tlocae nanomenun MOAOUIBA IPHKPONAAETCA K KonoaKe MPOBO:O%-
mer FHOMANE, SaÓMBAEMEMA B HOCONOÏ, nyakonoh u maTownod
vacrax noxouBi. Jaa ayamero mpmnwa ‘mozomE nexecooópaso
TPHNEHATE KYCOUKR MECTKOR KOH, MONKIAAMBACMEE TOR FBO3AN
epen saGupaiinem ux B MOAOUIBY.

Tak Kax yRasannoe Mpukpentemue ABAMCTCA DPEMENILIM, rooaaH
saéumatoren ma 2/5 choeñ AIM M YARAMOTEA TOC PESTO AMENA
onepauw (pe. 125).

Tlpx npHkpeuseHH nOROULB HNTONHEIM LIBOM CTEAKH NPAKH, B LE-
AX npeROXPANEMER ux OT MPEXENPEMENNOrO PASPYILEMER, REAAIOTER
SaKpHITBIMH, DTO AOCTHTAETCR TEM, ITO B MOMOLIBE, To MNT Pacttozo-
HHA CTPOWKH, Aenaercn yrayGaeıme B BILL »xex0Óna (pucca).

Bo peux mpucrpouusanus HOAOIIB CTEXKH ua YKAABBAIOTCA
B pilce, Koropisil 3ATÈM saxpsipaercR.

Hapeska pucca mpousuoaurea pucc-anuaparom. Tipu oreyreramm
PHcc-annapara Manpes MOXOIIBE MPONSBOAAT OÓMUREM caTlOxHBtM
nomon (pnc. 126).

191

Tipexxe wem npicrynit® x nanpeake Pucca, HaMevaercs annua
STO TAKUM KE MPHeMOM, Kak H AMHR PACIOXOXEHNA NPOKONOS HA sa

“HMROË KPONKE np BUMDAINN pana.

Haapes_pneca nomon

Hanpeska nono jaa OÓpasomaMmá pucca riporsnoawtea no
BceMy ee KOMTyPY, 34 NCKAMUERHEN MATOMHON wacTH, HA pac
crommmm 2—3 MM or xpas. Tayómia mapeskm Roma Ours ne
Goze %/, Tom MOXOMIBN € HAKAOKON BO BHYTPEHHIOW CTOPORY
roxouB MOR yraow 45°.

3arem nanpesamma Kpañ nogoweM Am OGuaxennn pheca OTTH-
Gaeten 5 CTOPOHY MPH MOMOLAN TynuRa Man KocTONKE (puc. 127).

192

Jan nyauero yKaansıpanha CTEIMKoB yrayÓnenmas sacre peca
HECKOAGKO PACIIMPzETCA nyTeM yerpolictea DUCK TIPA NOMOMLH Ce:
HHAMBHOFO KPIOWKA, KOMEI KOTOPOTO NPEACTABMET cOGOK HSOTAYTYIO
rpyOxy Auawerpow 1,5—2,0 Nu c Tonka crenkaum. Konus rpy6ka
BAOETPAIDTCH, NOCHE Mero Ola paGoTseT KEK AOMATKA € HSOTAYTOR PEKY-
neh xpowxoÏ.

Cresmn pica BBicKpeOaiores Ha Bcem npornkenun ero. Ecm Koma
RECTA, TO € YOIOKNAOT NO Anni PACA.

Mlonroronnennyio Takin oGpasoM MozouIBy npMUNBAIOT K PANTAM
up moMoMH mpau <MexKell> Ne 5—6, nponnranoñ sapom u 32-
cYsennoi merunoi!

Pue. 127. Orrnbaune ry6u puces

Tas nparumnoro pacnonoenun creKKon Ha nmuenoñ cropone
DanToB MPOMSBORMTCA HAMeTKA AAMHK NPOKO1OB MUIOM. Ina storo
canor cravaren mOROWIBOÄ Ha yaokeiıyio na koncn aocky. Kpuosus
LHAOM OÓDORNTCA KONTYP KOAOAKH nO panty TAKHM oGpasom, “TOOL
STA aunHA ACINAA mMupHRY pahra nonozası.

Tipuxpenaeme OX naunkaercn c remeHOuKOR wacTH; canor
ykaaauvaeted MexAY Koch Tak, TOO HOCKOM Oki anpaBzeH
X nerommuremo omepantn.

TIpoxonst mao xemor co cropoms paura. Tlosromy canor 50
BpeMs paGori Kaanyt Tak, WrOGM K Pyke, PaGoraOMeñ WHOM, aa
OGpaiuen reper saroroBx.

Jas npaumsanın NOLOWE npHKeHmOTCR LINER ABYX BHLOB, HAS
saute MOAOUIDEMILIMA Kpioskawn, Tenenouyo ACT» OAOUID €
BHYTpeHHER CTOPOMA MPMIIDALOT € HOMONtHIO HTa-KPIOIKA, OCTPHE
KoTOpOTO 3ATOYEHO AO 1OMKOÏ © HaNPABAEHKeM peGep BAOAD CTPOUKH:
JR puna MOJOMA w HONETOMNOÏ HACTA u n HAPYKHOÏ rege-
MOWMOR NOMBYOTEA IIHASANE-KPIONKEMH, OCTpHE KOTOPNX TAKE 32
TONENO 1OMATONKON, HO peOpa HMEIOT HAMPABCINC, RONCPCAHOE K am
CrpoukH, Tak Kak PACCTORIMR MEXAY MPoKOaMH sec Menue, “ex
u Fezengunoh sacra

12 Dosim aßmnepens car 193

Paccroanna MOMAY IMPOKOXAMN, a OTCIONA À Benmunma CTEKKOR
Ama pagimix yuacrkon CTPONKH NOXOWS pasame, B_rereuounon
actu (© BNYTpeNell cropons) nanna eremkon Kombzercn u npexe-
sax 6—7 mu. B noaowmeimoli u recenonmohi HACTAX c HapYMHOÏ CTO-
pol crexxi Gone menkne. TIpoKoxH1 unio zenoren B yray6ae-
MAX MAKATKH TOO MO Pame HaNeWeHNON AHHH pacnonorenun
crexxor.

Onepaumo no npmimmanno monomm HEOGXOAMMO BHMOMATS cae-
AYOMUIM OÓPA30M: B oTBepeTHe OT Mepsoro mMpoKona BCTABARETCA
ier#ika c APATEOË, KOTOPY!O mporackHsaior ¥epes oTBepeTHE Ha-
eTOADKO, NTOGH KONUH Ce OKASIAHES OAMNAKODOH Anm, Eom Aparra

Pac, 128, Tipuunnarme noxou

Me M3 ueroro KJCKA, à COCTABMAR (KOHIM €O B TOM cayNAe AOMKEM
Gur pasiwima), Y3CA, COASKIBAMLLNÄ 9TH KONE, HEOGXOAHMO Via
Aunarh u pice.

Tipn npHusanan MOAOMIB, TAK KE Kak H MPA BCEX APYTHX CTpOw-
Kax, HECOXOAHMO COOMOAATL OHO M TO HC BSAHMOPACHONOMENNE
Kontor Aparast. B cayuae HIMEHEHAA BIGHMOpACTOMODEIHA HX, OANO-
oGpaskocTb CTpOWKM HAPYUNTCA. Dro ocoGeHHO BAxKHO Mp BONE
INK CTPONKH UseaKeM AJA NOAYUCHNS OTKPEITEIX GE.MX CTEMKOB, TAK
aK OHH HENPABHAMNO YAOKEMMM CTEMOK, PC3KO. BLACAAACL, YRYA-
mer BHEUMMA BH Beem CTPOUKH,

Tipu_npokone Koma NECKOABKO OTHMACTCA B CTÓPORY ABHKEHHR
mao. TlosTOMY VTAMKA CTeKKOB HA CMEMNON C TONKOH MPOKOna.
yuacrke ocraGraerca, Toroproe HATAMEHHE CTEMKOD crpowKH 6yxer
sameansro vemnt paGorm. Bo HSÓCKAMAC ITOTO HYAHO CACTKA YBTAK-
MTS MORCHIBBE MO IDA PHCCA, a AA CNANUEIMA HAKOZA KOM LU
HOM HCOÓXOANMO NOMIOBATECA BOCKOM MAK WELTON.

B moment mpoxoza MONO: CACAYCT COSAABATO eh onopy man
wann apyroñ pyxm (pue. 128).

194

Mecro muxona OCTPMA mia ROMKHO ÓKITE OÓmsaTezono no cepe-
amie peca, a He ma cremke ero. OcoGeutto 1yIKtto maGeraro mpoKo-
20B JIMNOM OTOFMJTOTO KPAX ORONO, TAK KAK NOCAE NPOCEKARNA 3a
kpsipanue picca B 3TOM MecTe Oyzer “HeyaoBneTBOpHTeabuHo.

Bo speuñ npoxona nogowise ovornyruil Kpall ee cuumaerca y
MECTA DEIXORA OCTPMA Miia m PHCC 3AKPEIBACTCA.

Orrnöanne cmsemerocm pam PHCCA MPOMIBORHTCA BO BpeMA
crpouxu. Ilocre yraikkH oxepexoro Crea aparsa co cropona no:
AOMIBBI HAKAOMACICA MO HAMPODACAMIO K MOJOMBE TAK, NTO OHA
hauaaa Mecro MeKAY CTEHKOÏ PHCCA K CMATHIM KPaeM TOLOUIBEL
y preca.

Pure. 129, Saxpunanne pucea

Bpautarensuum ADIDKeIDIeM PYKH Apatna oTBOAHTeR D CTOPONY,
npn stom Kpañ MOOMMBS Y PHCCA TAKKE OTROAHTeR D cTOpoHY, OOHa-
Kan ero,

Bo BpeMa cTposKH NOAOLDL APATEY HCOÓXOMHMO AONOAMHTERSHO
RPOTHTSIRATÉ BAPON.

Konex cTpowKH SaKpentseTea 3ABRISBARNCM APATEH CO CTOpOHN
auuesoñ mosepxHocTH ilogowuL, a ysen HOMEMUETER B Paco.

Jparsa moczie oxomtannn erpoukn oGpeaseTeR TaK, UTOÓN ocTaB-
mueca Kounst ee He npensiinamm 1,0—1,5 vo.

Benen sa run 3axprisaerca pucc. Ii npenoxpasenna pucca or
oénaxeHs BO Bpeux HOCK OÓYDR SaKPHPAHHE ero HeOÓXOJUMO MPO=
NSBORHTS © MIPAMENEHNEN Kes, KETATEMNO PESMHOBOTO.

Tipomasxa pucca xem npowssoanrea no ceii arme u rayóme
ero. Ecam Aa npowaskn preca npuerneres peannonsifi Kae, negó
XOXHMO NPOMSBECTH NOACYIIKY ero 10 SAKPsIBAMHA PHECA. “

Tlocie 91010 TynuKOM WAH XBOCTOLOÏ NACTBR MONOTKa mitenoR
OR y preca BuecTe ¢ OTOTHYTHM KpaeM MOROUIBE NaTORACTCA NYTEM
Naraakugadis OT CepEAHHM K KAM, RO NloaHorO 3AKPMBAHKR pHCCA

(pue. 129),

13" 196

Tlarowian acts HOAOMIBA, npHKpenaseMoA PANTOBUN METOAOM,
npuSupaeres xepepsntanit ANMAT

Hace, nocie yaaaenna rnosaeh, Bpententio MPHKPENMADLRK no:
om, OTREPCTHS OT MX SAMOAMAOTCH WIIMABRAMA, a OBePXHOCTD
NOMOUBE BHipasHUDAeTCH NYTEM OKOJANIBAMAA MOTOTKOM. Ocoßenno
HCOÓXOJAMO NOPONIO OKOMOTHTD SaKpHITHIT PHC, NTOGU MaJehume uit
crys OT CTEXKOD Ok YIIISTO MENA

Tlocte OKOMOTKH MODEPXIOCT» MOJOMDE OrAaMKUBAeTER | HATOTO-
of! u» Aepena FA HAKOR.

Tipnspenzene MONOMB npH MOMOLLN ACPEBANNEIK WINTER COCTONT
8 TOM, HTO D nanomennuX Ha CACA OGYON NOAONDAX MPoKAMABANOTEA
OTBEPETHS cneitiacibHEIM MHIOM, RaabiBaeMiM DOPUITHKOM,

B otpepctia OT Mpoko108 BCTABARIOTCR epeBAHHAE INATLKE, KO-
Toprie saTeM BOHEAIOTCA MO1OTKON.

anna mmaex ompeaennercn roamnwoit cnpenanenux Aeraneh
nmoc 1,520 MW Wa Buxon aa mpexene erenek Konyenoh “act
mer

Tpouece npskpenieus NOAOWB WHKEKANK DIIMOAMACTOA CAC
AVION OGPa3ON: HAIOKENHAR MOXONDA mpuRpenaneTch Repent:
AIH IUMMABKANO! m HOCONHOM act, P MYUKAX, BreTeHKaX HD DATROX;
AR MPABMIBHOFO PACTONOXEHMA PAMOB LINHAEK HA MOMOMBAX 110
SENS KONTYpY WaMewaloTem AUN HX poseen

Tlo Mamenemmomy Koïrypy ocoGuim SyÓVaTtIM KoviechKoM Aenaercn
pasmerka ToweK pacnoroeinn wmunek. B eayuae OTCyTCTAMA Kone-
CHKA HAKOJKA OTUCPCTAÍ MPOMIIOAMTCA HA-TAA3,

Haxoaxa oTnepernA Menaercn NPAMBIN LMAON — POPHITHKOM,
Ana KOTOPOTO AOXKHA COOTBCTCTBORATR ALTMH mue.

Tipu naxoaxe oTBepcrufl K LNHALKOBKE MOROUB BBMOAHSIOTER Cae
Arne rpeGonam

1) noxoutea npukpensimercs ABYNS ana uimnner;

2) paccroamme MEKAY MePBBIN PAAOM WNHAeK H Kpaew MOOD
Romeo pamwareca 6-7 mu 8 reneHosHO u 9—10 MM B MONMETOY-
Hohn RATONNOÏ HACTA;

3) paccrosune MexAY HENTAMA WIMMTEK Me AomMKHO npesauare
6—7 uk 5 résenounoñ m myuKonofi uacrax m 5—Ó MM n HOCOmHOR 1
naronnoh wacrax;

(eu PECES NY pra un om cocrasnens 34 u
(em. pue, 121

5) uinuawkit nous pACNOJATATACA à WaxMaTHOM NOPARKE.

Casita mponsnoantem Hakora orseperuÄ nepsoro pana. Ha
KOAKY OLSCPCTMÍ NANANAIOT OT ¿MANI KaBayKa TaXHM OBpasoM, «TOOL
oHà ina oF pa6oraioutero.

Dro cGxeruter npabiasioe pacmosiomenHe MPÓKOAOB, Tak KaK
paree_npokouoroe oTwepeTHe Me SAKPHIRAETER HOM IMPI NpoKo.te
caeyioutero.

Tlonoxenne usaena pit HaKoxKe momowe B pasuux yuacrkax
#s06paxeno na puc. 130—132,

Típmex nakozkk OTBePCTHÄ neoGxoaumo oBINOaHATS Taxi 06pa
SOM, “706 nenpagteune WE OO MOCTOMNLAM CTPOrO BEPTHKAAG-
HAN X MAOCKOCTIE FONOS.

196

oaeı

Tomumia ua gona Ours AOCTATOWNON AIR Toro, “TOÓN à
CTIEPCTAA OT MPOKOAOR MHSKH BXOMMAM TOMO MOR Belernuc
yaapon MOIOTKOM.

pH CBOGOAHION, xETKOM BXOMAENE LINLIK D OrBeperHA npou-
HOCT ACPAaMAA ÓYIET HEMMAATEMHO H BOSNOHHO BHMAAUN WX.

Pue. 131, Haxonxa noxowu » nocxe

Ecan aaa winanex oxwxeren Gomsweh, vem Tomumma CKpenage-
MIX xeranch, KOM HX, IPOÑAN TOAUUMNY CTEJEK, BOBRYT TAKKE m
B Te10 KOMOROK. Benencrane STOTO BMHHNAHHE MOCASAMAX NOCAE HS
rorosrenns o6yen ÓYACT SATPYANCIO, a MMOTAA Ges nospextenin
e6yan nenoamono.

Tlocae OKOKYAHAR LINABKOBKA MOAOLIB BBICTYNAROLLHE KOHLBX UNI“
EX Y CAMOH MOBEPXHOCTH NOROMIB CPESAOTCA HOKON.

197

UroÓx oGecmeurrs uneroe (Gea 190m2) cpezanme nmaner nome
sume HOXOM AOMKHO ÓSITD pesxHw. lonoxere HOA PK 97OM BHINED-
KMDACTOA HAKMOEMUBIN K NAQCKOCTA nONOuIBA. Hanpanenue aune-

MUA JCSBHA ana cpesanus IMDINEK — OÓASATENDHO oT cepenunts
MOAQUIBN K kPa ee,

Tlocae cpesanna xoxust unmuex RONA pane, ABumce-
kite KoropuM HCOÓXOLUMO near TAKE OT CEPCANNE nONOMIBN K
ce KpAAM, BO na6eanne nompexnenna MocaeRtHX (pie. 133)

198

NPUKPENMENNE KABAYKOB

B pyanom mpossoxcree oOyam npuwenmores Ada cnocoda ups:
KPEIEHHE KAGAYKOD:

a) KaGaysi COGHPAIOTER OTHEALO H NOTOM NpuKpenaROTeR K 0:
roue

6) COopka KaGaykos NPOMILOAHTCA NenocpenerBenno B xORe npu-
xpennennn ux X nOAomBe.

B mepnon caysae nponssonuren MOXGOp KaGaykou us BKpanua-
comix MO ones nyonon Kon (hancon) m cxpenenne wx MERAY
coGoñ.

Bo sropom caytac BakpoeïIWe m TO2OGpaHLe KYCKI Komm
(dan) nocrenenno TIPEKPEIAMOTCA K natowNoA ACTE NOLOUMAN M
‘o6pesaiores HOXOM Mo KOHTYPY NATKH Canora.

O6a 9TH cnocoón JAOT Nanemnoe kpennente Ka6ayKoB, OHAKO
naumHaiouniM CACAYET PeKOMEHROBATS MpEMA cnloco6, mpa KOTOPOM
nerve oGecrewusaeres Towoe coOmorente Dopuii, passtepos m nap
uoeTH KAÓAYKOB H, KPONE Toro, YeTpanNeTCR OUACHOCTL NOBPEK AMEN
santa.

Hesapnchwo or yKañankHx cnoco6os, cyntecrayior oßLLne npast:
PUKPENzICHHR kaG1YKOB, KOTOPBIE MeOÉXOIMO CTPOrO COÓMIOAATE.

1. Orxoast MOROWIDEHIMK m creneumax Kox (oGpesKn nan, no.
NoaKH MT. TL), MAINE ANA MSTOTODACMNA KAÓAYKO, ROME OATS
TAOTHSNN, HepBIXABINTE

2. Bo Gankax nONyCKatorcA wesapocume CHR NPA yenoBHtH, «ro.
om pacnonowens: 8 cepeaune xerazel, a me Y KPCB HX.

3. Tlpu cGopke kaßıykop Aonyckaioren cocrammbre Qamkn, no ue
Gossure veu ma anyx acre, panmsix Mexny cobofi. Barom caymae
KPaA KOM B MECTAX COBAHNEHR HEOBROAHMO CNyCKaTb Ma-HeT, LR
TOTO MTOÓN np HAIORCHMA HX APYT Ha Apyra He OÖPASOBBIBAAHCH
yTommexus 8 MECTAX. coeamitenis,

4. Baxrapmanan CTOPONA KOH RONA GWT» oumıtena OT 3aKa-
Janmofl mesäpıı m y Bcex dauKon KaGayka oOpauliena x MOZOIRe,
a auuesoñ cropouoñ x maGoike.

KaGayxn coGnpatoren eaenyiouum o6pasom: orobpanmbie u orcop:
THporanise KYCKR KOK YONaKusOTeR; HasIeTH TPA, MESAPA, TO
Hele y4acTKH KOH — YNAMMIOTCA, MOCIE Gero KAMABIÄ KYCOK KOXU
LIO JAMMBACTCA MOAOTKOM Ha MANTA,

Tleppuf dann, Haut nor naoiixy, nunpannaeren no worenmns
Handonee nzoTHOM Komm na OANOrO KYCKA.

Bropoñ aux Buxpansaerca Mo MepsoMy H NPHKPEARETCA K HEMY
Repengkuann OA ASICAM.

Tak xe DINPANDALOTCA m npuKpenLamorea ocransinse au. Uncao
Hx SaBHCHT or TpeGyeNoÑ nbicoTs: KAÓAYKA m TOALMNE GaHKO

Cobpamiue KaGayKH AIR ynAOTHeHHA m OBecreveKHS nxoTmoro
apnaeranıım «pacos APyr x apyry cnpeccosswaoren. Jan TOR mena
kaGayxn Kaanyrcn ma ROCKY € Ponnoh nonepxviocrsio. Caepxy onm
HAXPMBAIOTCA APYTOR AOCKOR, Ha KOTOPYIO B CHOW ONepER Kaaneren
axof-a60 rpys.

199

Tlocae suiaep»kioans NOR npeccom B Teuehne 3—4 yacoB KAGAYKH
TOAPABMUBAIOTCA u NPOBEPMOTCH 1O opMe u paoepan.

Co6pammue KaayKH AOAMHLA GUTL OJUMIAROBIMA B Tape Kak no
BLCOTE, TAX H NO OCTAMBNHM PASMEDAM.

Tlepen mpuxpenzemnen KaÓxysoB B IATOWNOA YacTH NOXOUB APM:
Kpenamotea NOAOCKM Komm (KPAMIS) AAA BIIPADIMBAINA BUNYRAOA
MOBEPXHOCTR MOJOIIDHH M OGeCTEMEMHR AYUNIETO MPHATANER K Hel
Kadayra.

Kak mpapnao, Kpanus nomme users umpmuy 1618 us; Ton
numa Hx Komeözeren 8 upenenax 2,5—3,0 ux.

Kpaneu mpuxpenaseren K roxouee Gaxtapmanoft croponofi xepe-
emo wnnssKama Ne 12—14, Ulnnauxn SAÓMBALOTCA na paccroaiinn
6—8 MM or Kpaes kpanua no Beemy KONTyDy. Pacctonmua Mexay
ueurpa uinwaex 6—8 Mir.

Y Konwoo kpanuen UIMHABKE se6unaioTeR na paccronmmm 10—12 ww
or xan.

Ecan KpaHns BBIKPOeHE! H3 XECTKOR Kon, NO cepeanne HX ACA>
wored BIPESKH, YTOOK OGCCIMEANTE MWOTHOe UPNTEFANNE KpartiteD
x nOROMDE no Beef HOUPXHOCTH,

Tloene uimnTBKOnKH KPamuen, HOBEPXHOCTH Hx OwIMAETCA HOKOM
© WERE ROBCACIHNA NOA OANM YPOSER € nOROIIBOR nO RCE nATOX-
nofi wacrm. B nocxenyiouen mosepxiocts kpamues o6paGareipaerca
pammuzew.

Sarem nosepxiocts maronnoh "acTH nonOUIB MO noeh mmouaan
NPOMASBIBaETCA AEKCTPRHOBM KTCEM H HA Hee HARISANBACTOA KAGMYK
Tax, 470Gb ero GoxoBke CTOPOMAL COBNAME € KOHTYPOM naTounoR
act Toomey.

Yaepxwnas Ka6ayK OMNOR PYKOM B HenogDIDKKOM NONOKENIN,
apyrof pyxoh wow nenserca npokon » cepennne. B oTneperne
or npoxona Berasmierca Aepeoannan uma Ne 18—20 (o sanu-
cHuocrE OT muicoru KaGayKa), m yaapom MOXOTKA saGupaeren
noorkasa.

TakHM KE MpHeNOM SAÓNBACICA H BTOPAR WIMHABKa.

Sarem xa61ÿK Upuxpenaserca c oGenx cropom y Kpoxy.tel, npuuen
paccroaune OT LImHaBKH AO xpan KAGAYKA KaK no dpoirty, Tax # cÓoKy
aomxno paBHaTen 10—12 MM npk Kpyronom pare m 6—8 MM npa
Fayxom parte (ROXORAULEM TOXBKO 20 KaönyKon).

Paceroa weagny Lumaanı 10 Konmpy ¡Om Our e
Gonsme 6—7 mu. Mlocae npuxpenzesmin Kabaykon MpoBepÍerca ux
BMCOTA B PASHHX TONKAX.

Hosepxtocrs npaxpenxeaux KaSayKos nOJKHa ÓbITS naocKoë, Ces
xaxux-amóo neposiocreñ (mann, Gÿrpos m T. 1)

Mexay xpaimani m KAGAYKAMN nam MOXAY ankam He RomKHO
Goirs Kakx-2860 3830p0B.

Tipw6urwe # nporepeuwe no BHcore u no mimpune KaGnyki
CACTKA BEIPADHNBAIOTCR HOXOM MO ÓOKOBOÑ NOPPXHOCTH H HORTOMA-
woren non OGYIO QOPMY MATOMHOA sacTH canor.

200

MPHKPENNEHHE MABOEK

Vonammenuae u BEIPABICHHEIE no Tone GomBAHKH HaGOAKK NOA-
Kpampaiores MIO Mogens.

Flpnex npHkperrenna Ha6ohkit BEMOAMACTEA CHEAYIOUHN OÓpazon
Gaxrapmamoñ cropouoñ maGoñka maxmammbaerca na KaGayK (Tax.
ATOGH Kpañ ee cohmaan c KOKTYPOM KAÓAYKA HAN pamnomepuo Duc”
mam 3a Gokonyio MOBEPXHOCTb ero) u YAePHEAETER PYKOR OT cMe-
exis. Jpyroï croponoii dopurakon nenaeren npokon OTBeperun,
5 KoTOpoe SAÓHBACTCA MPOHOAOUNEÄ FROM HAM Meeanan nme.
Tlepnonanauno mponaROAnTen mpuRpenmenne Ha6ofiKH B nerTpe y
dpoura KaGayka, MOTOM 5 Cepenihe saxpyraemoR acta. Tlociie
3TOrO CANOXMBN HOKOM naßolka noanpannaercn NO dopue u pao-
Mepy na6nyna.

Pc. 134. Baxosorka BoxonoR nonepanoerk xa6syKon

Ha6päka npuxpenaseres OAHnN paxoM ereansix une No 12—14
BCCMY KONTYPY, 3a HCKIIONEHHEM KPOKYABHON 12CTA.

an npanuasıioro pacnosomenua WNNACK nameuaercn AMAR pac:
nonoxeH# HX; paccTonnne MeXAY ITOH anmeh H xpaem HAGORKH no
sceMy KONTYPY He omKHO mpenmimar 5—6 mr.

Tlo sTOR annkn NPOMSBORNTCA MAKONKA OTBEpCTHA na paccronmnn
8—10 ww apyr or apyra. B kpoxymbroR wacrm maGolixa npxpe-
iutgerca Tpemrnamoio Teosaawn. Hanpasreune winner 5 MOMENT
saGmpanu WX ROMKNO GNTS MEPIICHMNKY TAPMBIM. K MIOCKOCTH Ha
Sohn.

Tlocae npuxpensenis na6ohkı mOBepxHocT ee ROMANA Ob na0-
cxoh, Gea anaann, mposanos # 1. n. Lnamkk nome OT» BONE
3 KaOAYKH AOOTKASE.

pout xaßnyka mompesaerca no AyrooGpaswoR an
DuCOTa AYrH AomKta Gus He Gonee 6—7 wm. Baicora KaG1y)

Towax aomkna Ohrs onnHaKoROR. HeoBxonMMo cxenHTs, wroßs B nape
Kaßayku ÖbiAH OXHNAKOBENMH KAK NO BHCOTE, TAK H NO pasmepau.

Kpokyan noapesaiorea Tax, ¥roGu OHH HMEAK HAKAON Bo BityTpeN-
mol CTOPORY.

‘Ham noaroropsn x MOCACAYIOLANM onepausmm HeOoGxomUMO npo-
HADECTA IIKOMOTKY GOKOBOË MOBepXKOCTH KaGAYKOB. BaKOAOTKA npo-
HABORHTOA YAapanın XBOCTOBOR HACTK MONOTKA, Mpwiem Tpalb XBOCTA
MOJOTKA ROJKH2 OCTABAATS HA KAÓAYKe CHAN B BE HeTAYÓOKUX
UMATA, pacnonoenunx PAROM NO BCE AAMNC HOBEPXROCTA,

3aonorka GoxonoR Monepxnocru Kabaykon MPONBWORHTeR au
Toro, UTOÓS! YCTPARATB BOIMOXARE s230pH MexGAY «aman (puc. 134).

Tipu o6napymenum ma GoKosoh mosepxmocTH KaGzyKoR KOHUOB
Aunnaex unn ruosaci, upuxpenamtouuk MaGOKY, HX HeoOxOMENO YAA-
ANT HHH N KOBM CAYUAL He SAKOJAUIDATO D TONO KAÓAYKA

Buecto yaasenoro DÓMBASTCA HOBM rRO3b, aaronseunih a npen-
wapureabio IPOKOAOIOS LIKAOM OTBCPCTHC.

Paava XVII
OTAEJOYHBIE ONEPALHK

MOATOTOBKA K OTAENKE

Tloaroroska x o1enke COCTONT B TOM, To PAñOM onepannä 0T-
Renbubim eta Mpanaeres OKORuaTensnän dopua. Bce KOHTYpH 01
AEMABAIOTCA MOR COOTETCTBYIOULAA pHeyHoK; Te y4acrKH, KoTOpue
Momaexat oxpacke H OTAenKe, OGpaGaruBAOTEA M HOAVAIOT PRO
sakouvenmsti Dm.

‘OcHosHBIMH STanaMH MOATOTOBKH HSE K oTREAKE ABARCTCA

Oxonsaremuan hopwosxa narox. B npouecce npuSuskn xaóayros
nog nelicTaMeM MHOTOKPATIMX YAAPOB MoAOTKOM dopwa naronnon
act canor nam GOTHHOK HECKOAMKO BHAOHIMEHRETCA. BCBASH € STHM
npoussonat popmosame natox. Oxo COCTOMT B TOM, WTO yaapaMn
MONOTKOM TO GoKOBOA NOBepxHOcTH Sanıımkob HM paar OPMY,
u TOMOCTA cooTAeTeTAYIOMLyIO POPME KOAORKH B NATONROÏ YacTH.

Okonotka narkn nexaerca MPEHMYIIECTBENNO Ha YAACTKE nepe-
1H62 SAXHIKOD Ha KONOAKY.

Buurosmeune STOrO MPICMA UPOHSDOAHTEA € MOMOULLIO Tynka, 18
Kaaasınaeworo NA MOBEPXIOCTb OBPAGATHIRAEMONO Yuacrka aalınKa
Vnapsı MOAOTKOM NaNocAT mo GOXOBOR Monepxkoct# TYnNKa, KOTO-
Ps momepeMemKo nepementaerca € OAHOrO yuacıka Ha Apyrol
(puc, 185).

Tonepxnocrs TynHKa Roma Ohr TAAAKON, Ge Saycenmo,
ma urn. \

Obpesxa xaGayxoD, ypesa m noaGopKa spanua. Bokopan novepx-
HOcTB KaGzyKo 1 NOAOUIGA no Topuy (no Ypeay) 06pesatorcn HOKOM
Hactombko, OGM MOREPKHOCTE mpuobpeza Faamicui Dun.

Hanpasenwe HOXa MPA STOM AOMKHO Ohr TaKHM, WTOÓN GoKO-
bre MonepxHocT#t KaGuyKOB He HMeAH HAKAOHB, à PASMEPH NOLOWE
Ro rpaW OKON AMueDOR CTOPOMA m MO KPAÏ para On CAMHAKO-
sos (puc. 136).

OGpesxa MOAOWIBEH » remenounoA actu C suyrpeneñ croponsı
AOJUKMA MIPOMSBONUITACA MH MOMOULH NlOMpedKH, CKOMCHHMA KOHN
xoropoit noweinaercn mexty amenoA crOpouoR Hepexa x Caxrapusr
Xoll CToponoR noxoww, Hox p stom cayuae Öyner KacaTaca MoRepx-
HOCTH MOAPESKH, Draw cawsim nepena HPEAOXPAHMOTER OT npopesa-
Hs,

napa

203

Tipw o6peske pourra KaGayKon x Kparnen nena ONycKaT® tpo-
pesamen nozowent (pue. 137).

B xoxe oÓpeskn 1: nonGopxn nposepaerca napiocrs oGenx noay-
hap HB cayuae OGNSpy AHH KaKHX-mHGO OTKAOHENHA jematoT HENPA+
rena.

Pc. 196. Oópesxa na6ayxa c6ony

Moce BEMOJHEHAA STAX onepauM H3XEAR HeOGXOAKMO BICY-
wur». Cyuika MpOMIBOXHTCA D CYIIMABIION KaMepe Haw APYTOM npH-
CNOCOGAEHNA, HMEIOMEM HCTOUKNK Tema, OGECREMMPAONMR Temne-
patypy Bosayxa 35—40°C,

Ecm ner eneuKansııx Cyr, nonyCKaerca eyuiKa Dose euch,
Garapeñ, HO npm YC1OBHN coxpaneiun VKASAHNOR TewmepatypH.

204

B xeriee spews CYUIKY MOXHO MPONIBOJUITD Ha OTKPUTOM BOIAYXe.
Cyuirmb HSRCAHA HENOCPEACTBEHHO Ha COMME HEMB3A, TAX KaK 978
STPNUATEASNO cKameren Ha KAYECTUe KOR.

B pesyabrare cymikit 43 neraneít ROMANA ÓSITD YAanena aca Baare,
BISCRCANAS B HEX MIDA YERBKHEHHH.

Pac, 138, Paunnzenanne xabayea

Paunnaopka. Hlosepxnocrs KaGayxos u ypes nomowes nocAe 06:
PES MOMON XOTA H AMET FABAKYIO TOvEPRIOCTS, HO HE HACTOMKO,
TOÓL ee MOXIO ÓNLTO OTACNBIDATD. Tak, HAMPIMED, OCTAIOTER CHER
OT HOXA B DHXE HESHANMTEMNUX PSICTYIIOD HA CTuike ABYX YUACTKOD
pesar NOON u T. m

Hax yerpanenun storo monepxnocnn oÓpaGarsbaerca paunnaen,
Pautnnnebanne AOAMHO DECTHEL BCE MONA D DAMEN HANPAD CHAR.

205

Bo naGexante nonpexaenna aKila Mepenos Hm SAAMIKOS saroTo-
Rok palinnieanue MeOÓXOJMO MpOUsLoANTL ¢ NOMOLLLIO MOAPeSKH
(pc. 138).

Gépañorka erexaom u ıkypkoh, Bavepontexnan TonepxHocrs Ka6-
aykOB m ypeaa NOROMNBH NOCIE patlmuciesanuA OKONMaTEALHO OGpaGa-
Teingercn pH NOMOLIM CTEKAA Mm KYPKH.

PaGowun HUCTpyMENTOM m AaHHOM eAyaae cayARHT KYCOYeK OOM
Noro oKoHHoro crexna. Pexyutell KPOMKOR Y Hero ABARETER OBAMDNAR
CTOPONA, MONYKACMAR CNEMHAMDIILAM pastoMoM crexaa. Iponanoanten
STO cA AYWULKM OÓpasoM: Gepera KYCOK OKOHHOTO crea OGWHHOM
Aout HA PACCTORMAN 3—4 cM OT KAKOrO-ANGO yraa, rpaus ero

Pac. 139, Sagnerxa Ka6xyxa crexaom

MARCEKACTOR KYCKOM CTEKAA, PeOPOM HOMO HAM HAMHIHHKOM, 3ATEM
Hanceweliuie MCCTOM_CTEKO YIMPaerca B pal AOCKH (NOBepxHOCTE
KPHUKH Croma, mpapiida m 7. IL); mabuana PyK € OGeHX cTOpoH
HARCEIKA CTEKJO Nananannaercn W pasmawsinaere

Tlpn crenzenun GoKoBOR moBepxHOCTH KaGaykos npnex sbinoa-
uneren ABYMA pyranu. Kpowxa cTexuta MMNCA H31ONE npioKunaeTca
x OGpaGaTiAaeMoit nOBePXHOCTA H npit nPOAREXENNN nmepea cmwaer
Bsuepomennyio YacTs noBepxHocra. Jlnuesoñ caoû noxomast rakxe
CHMNAETEA crekaoM pasiomepro no cel nnoutaam ! (pre, 139).

DoonT KaGayKa CTEKANTCH KOMUOM CTEK AL.

Tlocze crexaennn aca 0Gpaoranua nonepxnocts mxypHrcs, B pe-
syavrate ero OMB MpHOÓpeTaeT raaAKKi, XOPOMIO OTnOMMPOBAN=
th

Ayaume pesyabrarss uıkypenma noayaaioren, Korza AAA STOR EM
MPUMEHAETCA UIKYPKA ABYX BHLIOB.

1 B aawou enysae mozowna CTEKANTCA m MIKypuTen oRnonpenemto € wadzy-
vaux Mm ypevor, WO1ONy MO Ola hoasenut os pucte. san we Tost wes CYseF
OTACALBATOCA D nary-asımıM doer, 603 OKpacki, CICKACIME N UIRCANA CC pO
Mswoasica nocae JOMMPONEH wabayka

‘a

Tlepooe mxypene — rpyGa OÓAMPKA — npousnonnte_xpynnosep-
mncrof uKypKoR, a BTOPOE — nOAHPORAHHE — BHNOAMMETCA c NO-
MOLIBIO MenKosepKUCTOR. LIXYPKR.

Tlonepxuocrs uaGoiik Tanne mororanampacrea x ornemxe. [lno-
CHAM KamMKHKOM NPONADOAHTCH 2a¥HCTKA KOHLOB FBOSAER M cum:
Mie JHLEBOTO CAOA SATEM MAX LIMHBM ONOTHOM HSGORKE LIXYPATCA
Xo nosiyseiuts ORNOPOANON towepxnocrK.

O6puconxa panton, ypesa u KaGayxon. Pawronsim KoxecHKoM 11po-
NSBORNTCA HaKaTKa PANTA, NpH STOM marepnan Parra OKOHAATEMNS
cupeccosmgaercs. Ha GokopoA nonepxnoctu KaGaykOB dywerem Ha-

Pac. 140. Mospesxa parra

MewaeTca Kowryp ero nn or cmena mepa. Tlo ropuy nonowst Hawe-
saeTea KOÏTYP À uNpHNA ypesa. >

Tloapeska panrop u Ku6aykos, Tlocxe TOTO Ka ouepuen KonTyp
ypesa KAG1YKOB u NOAOLIBB, CUCUMEABADIN HHCTPYMEHTOM — pairronoR
CPeSKoÑ— CIMMACTCA Yactı PAUTA, NAXOAANAACH 3a BNET MPe-
XCNAMH ausm oTTHeKa mepa yMens.

Cpesame npowsronnren no aced name paros. Hanpanenne cpe-
SANNA ROMEO HMETD HAKAOK OT SATOTOBKH K HAPYKHONY KONTYPY
pauron (pue. 140).

TIpn nsmonmennn stom omepanım RYAMO caeAuTs, UTOGH mMEBAR
NOBEPXHOCTh 32FOTOBKH He Ósiza MoBpexaena. [losepxHocre panros
nocae cpesannn aomKKa Gsm posto, Ges Brixearos mar Oyropya-
Toern, Heoßxonnmo, «TOOK CTEIKH urna, CKpenastomero pal e nonOut-
Roh, Osi 2 HETPOHYTOM nnne. Jlunna norpeskn panron u KaGayKOB
AOMKHA B TOUHOCTA COBMACTB € AumHeh KOWTypa epa DyMeAR.

Ulnpuna m HAKTON NAOCKOCTH PaNTOR MOCAS MORPESKH ROME
Guts ONMHAKOGMNN 8 nonynapax,

Ha 3TOM sakanunpaetcn MOATOTOBKA K OTACIONMAM ONCPAUHAM.

207

OTAEAKA

Brinoamemem OTAC1ONREX onepauni TOTORBIM HAEAEAN mpi-
aaeTer saxonvenabi BHeuMHA BAR.

In OTACAKH XPOMOUX canor mpHMeHmOTeR CACAYIOMNE one
ani:
Pi epnenne. Bea ToRepxvocTs xaßaykon, naGoek, panron, ypesa 1
nonouIB»: OKpaunmBaerca apHOÏ KPACKOË (depnnnaik), KOTOPY!O HaHO-
car pasiomepmum cnoeM. Tone oKpackH npoussoauted serKan noA-
cymika, AM TOTO sToGu MATEPMAN serve nocnpnunn GopMy oTaen
toro MHCTPyMENTA.

Pues 141, Haxeraa parte

Haxarxa parra. Manemme crasirea MOXOLISON Ha AOCKY, 010:
KEHUVIO Ha Koncım HENOAMATEMR pAGOTIL.

Pawrouoe konecnko npengapsreabuo narpenaercn. He pexomen-
ayerca neperpeBaTs BHCTPYMEHT, TAX KAK, RO-MEPBNX, BOIMOKEN Te
PEXOr KOKIH H CTEMKOB UBA, H BO-BTOPAUX, HHCTPYMENT ÖBICTPO HSHA-
umbaeren.

TIpaxtuseckum mokasarenem MOPMAIBUOTO Harpena ABAMETCA MEL
JeHHOe ncnapenne naar € HATPETON MOBEPXHOCTH MHCTpyMEKTA.

Aa ayauero OTTHCKA ayOunkoD paRTOBOTO Konecnka ua NOBEPK-
HOCTA pahra OOyBH HaKaTky Panta HCOÓXOAMMO MPOHSBOAHTR C YCH-
AMEN, MEPERADALMBM OT PyKH K HUCTPYNENTY, KOTOPHM HEAAIOT MO»
ATOPIBIE APACHE BNPER-HAIAN Ha HENAUHTEABHOM OTPE3Ke yractza
parra.

Tipu 9TOM HCOÓXOAMNO CACIATD sa Tem, 4706 IYÓMMEA parrronoro
KosecHKa MPH MOBTODHNX ABMKEHAAX NOM B CON OTTHCKH, T. €.
5 axeuKn Ha pane. Ecrit 310 mpaënno ne ÓYZET COÓMONATECA, PHCY-

x parra Oyner nenopsen (puc. 141)

‘Orneaka KaGayKos m ypesa moxouImH. Boxonas monepxnocz K16-
1YKOB, XOROBAR NOBEPXROCTS KaGofixH m TOROMIA (ecaH OHA oxpan

208

gares) Taxe OTACIBBAIOTCA ropaumı uncrpyweurow. KaGayxa
opepxHocth MAÓOCK Hi MOAOLID oTAeMBIBAIOTeR TOKMANHKOM, a PES

eneunamınım yMecreM, —mpHToRHEnM
AA MOROLIB TOABKO € TOMLEKOR, OAR-
waxovofi Bo ncex sacrux. Vpes non-
wen nomyanrs Dopuy dywena » 06-
parHoM na00paxenm (puc. 142).

Oxpacka BocKoBoi KpacKoit Hro-
paran oraenxa, Beren sa meproh oT
Renkoh ace 0GpaGaraaeuue yuacrku
o6yom oKpammparrea BockonoÏ
xpackof 1 cymarca, mocae “ero npo-
HSBOANTCR OKOBTATENDNAR HOMMPOBKA.
Fopaunu MNOTPYMCNTOM.

Bare oTmenuInzenan ROBepx
HOCTS AOMOIBATEABRO HATRPAETCH BO-
<koM, KOTQpHi © nOMOMBIO ropsyero
HHCTPYMeRTA pacnpeneameren MACTE-
pou To sce nzoulanH o6paGaran
MOTO yuacrka paBHONepHO Ges Kat
ARÓO HANAOD,

Ecam KOMHWeCTBO BOCKA, nanecen-
MOTO AIR OTmeAKH PANTOB, OKEMETCA
MSNM, pucyHOK pauta (OTTHEKH
ayÖuHKOB PAHTOBOTO KomecHKa) mo-
AYUBTCA TYCKABIN, HEACHIAM.

Crpouxi SaAimkoD OTACABALOTCA

Pue, 142, Orsenxa ypeat
dyueneu au

ofBoKoR e nockou (pac. 143). Pe6pa oraoakı nous ocranars
ACHuÄ OTMEHATOR B Dune YTAYÓNCIRA BLOM CTPOIKH © oGenx CTOpON
ee, Orneperma OT npoKon0s SANOANMOTCA PACHMABMEHNNM BOCKOM.

Pare. 143, Oracaxa erpousn ormonnon

14 Tomas opunepennx cınor

Kpoxyau xaGayxon Take OTAEAMBAIOTEA OTBONKO, B pesyabrare
uero BRAD KONTYPA MX JOANN OCTATSCH MIPOXIKH B DINO NAME
aut,

Tlocne omenkn ypeza eos Bceto KOMTypa noxomaM Y pani,
xemameñ Ómxe K xOnOBOÍ sacré, ROIKMA Oßpaannarsen Mana D
bine HeanawrremsHoro nuicryna. Manoe nepo QyMena no Kpaio pala
AOTKHO OCTABHTb MOMOCKY, HAYILYIO NO BCEMY KONTYpY pasa,

‘Sarorouka m mATOmOÑ ACTH canor no «muesoR cTopoHe OTAEA-
pacten TopaiM TOKMANAKON. Ecam MOXQUIBM ve oKpawusarores,
a OTICMMBAITOA B HaTypambutil Uber, HX crerar no Beef noBepx-
HOCTA u WIKypaT MemKosepHHcTow wxyprok Tlsu OT WKYpeHUR yaa-
aigerea u MOBEPXHOCTE MONOIIBIX CAerKa yanwmumerca. llocne sroro
ockyrkann TCTOR XAonGaTOOyNAXHOR TKaNM NOAOUIOL NPOTHPAIOT
(mommpyior) » ontiom nanpanıennn. Bcaencrone Cuabnoro Tpennn
ka 06 Yaramiemyio MONOBY MOBEPXEOCTE ee FAAMAYOTCA.

3AKITIOUMTENBHEE ONEPAUHN

Tlocae ropaseñ nOMMPOBKH m OTACAKH MOROMBH MPORSBOANTCA
yaanenne nanımınon pocka. Jas storo cykomkof npornpaeren CA mo-
BepxHocrs, Koropan oBpaOarsipanach BOCKOM. TIpormparmem non CRm-
BM HAKHMOM BOCK CHAMAETCA € TEX MeCT, FRE on B H3GLITKe. TIpH-
‘SMaKOM MPABHANOTO mamecerma COR ROCKA Wa OTREAMBACAYIO nO-
BepXHOCTB ABARETCR OAROPORHOCTE BETA M POBHAR TAAHIEBRTOCTE.

Bepx canor Tae nomsemur ancrke, Monate Guts yaanem Bee
MACAOCHNA, IMATMA H T. I. IATPAIMCUAA, KOTOPME MOTI OKBSATECA MA
Koxke B Mponecce HATOTORMENHR OOyBH.

B cayuae wanna na ameno cropoxe yaacrkon c comenuel
Kpackofi eoOxomHMO mpoussecTH ux sakpacky. Ilm sTora Aomkeit
Gurr COOTRETCTAYIOILAÑ xpacirems.

Tlocae wncrkn Repxa na NOXOMREHOË CTOPOME MAHOCATCA Aekopa-
TUBILC kpalieHWA B BHLAe eKAHOK, HAKATKH KPaeM PANTOROTO KO7E-
ena OKOxO dpowra KaÓayKOD m T. I:

Onuonpeventio ¢ STH IpON3DOHTCA KrefiNcHHe pasmepon B re-
eOSHOR WACTH OKONO KAGAYKOB.

Yaasenue KoAOAOK u OuHerKa creer oT reosxeñ. Jan ynanenna
KoA020K nPANERKETCH AMÓ MCTAAMATCCKRÍ KPIOGOK.

Chawana ynanmorca Kanon KomAox. Iki Toro KpIOWOK pRO-
Aurea B GoKOBOe orsepcrie Ka H nocreaunä uucprupacres, Tem
Ke KDIOUKOM Ha canora HIBAEKAETA H KONONK2. lonorenme canora MPH
/RANEHER KOAOAKH — HECKOEKO HPHIIO/UTOS, HOCOUHOË MACTBIO BBEPX,

WeTbIO OAUOÏ pYKH canor ynepknnaercn B maroumofi sacra. Hocou:
Ha ACT» canora maxozurca 5 apyroë pyke (pic. 144). Kprowox np
HOMO wnanaLipR, Ka KOTOPI REÑCTOYIOT HOrOÏ, OTBOAMTCA Kunay
H TaHET sa cooli Konoaxy. cn KOMOXKA He MARNEKACTCA M3 canora,
HeoGxonuMO ee MECKOMKO CABHNYTL © MecTa, DTO ROCTITACTCA Cae
AYIOINHM OÓPazoM: HOCOWOR HACTHIO canor ynupaetem B KONO, @ MA
Tounan 4acTs yaepunaercn APYrOÏ PYKOÏ.

210

Jlersmun ynapama MONOTKA NO MOXOMIBE B renenoumoh m nya
Kouoli MACTAX KONOAKA CMCMACTCA D MATOWHOR dacra, Sarem B Ko-
AONXy DCTADAMETCA KPIOGOK M MOBTOPAETCA OMACARINIA pasee npuem
Yaanenun KOTOAKR.

Buyrpexaa nopepxnocrh crenex oumutaerca oT rBosneit nummer,
BNCTYMAIOMUX Han ee morepxrocrso. Mocae IHETRM CTE MpoUy-
nuBaioTer PYKOR no cell maomnann.

Bee KOHUM uImKACK, npouexume depes TOMMLIMY CreneK, Tua-
‘TembHo yaanmoren.

Put. 144, Vaaxeune xozo20%

Ocodeuno meobronumo creme 3a yAanemen Meraannseckux
TRoaneh, Tax Kak M2AHIRE HX B OOYBH BO BPEMR HOCKA MpmBener K
TOBPEX REED nor.

Hesnaunrensnan Oyropuaroctb, oOpasylouascs Ha nosepxHoctH cre-
ex B peayabrate MAOXO CHMMeHHNX KOMOR TÉPERAMHUX LUMHNEK,
Tanke ÓYXET Oecnokonts Hory, CO3MABaR MeYxOÓCTBA BO Bpeun
xombOss_ (momomemme neramñ m penuremf 5 FOTOBOM canore CM.
pre, 145).

Bech Mycop, NONYaaIonaÑica noce OWCTKN CTEICK OT LINK mau
tBosaeh, #3 oÖyam AomKeH Oro ya eu.

Pacnpapka rozenmm, Onepania pacnpaakn TOAHHEX 34K-TOLAETCA
B TOM, WTO BHYTPS TONEMMIA BCTABARIOTCA NPABÉH, HMeOULNE POPMY
HosepxuocTa FOREHH HOrH.

ur aut

Kenn où our osouoiued eoderd yRutrorody ‘spt OH

rand | Pr
E ~~

212

Kaxxaoe mpasiizo coctour ma cnenytouux netaneit (pue. 146):
nepenka —nepemiaa SACTb npastiza, TORKOCOMMEKA, KAHHA, DOUX
HIKOD, SanKHKH — sama sacro mpaniiza.

Tipaniına ROVKWA MMeTh —pasMepbi, MPHÉAEKENNE K pasmepam
‚naunoR maps canor. Mneamntim cayaaew apiiocy ÓN, Korma man
Kamaoro pasmepa oGyox Guam Om coon mpasiina, B caysanx wenon-
Horo ACCOPTIMMENTA WX mpaniiza on¥oro WOMepa MPHMCHRIOTCA naa
pacnpankH canor ByX-Tpex CMEXHEX HOMEPOB.

Pacnpaska ronennu m OKONIATCADNE OTHCAONNME OMepanım BU
HOAMSIOTCA B TAKOÏ NOCACAOBATEDMOCTH:

Vosamnemme, Jlan ayumero dopwosanma rorenm m npenoxpane-
HHA WX OT paspyteHH mo MMA UBA, B OCOÓEHHOCTA Ha YuacrKe
meñkh, naeTcn JerKoe yanaxHeHHe Foren H DyTOPOB. Vanaxnerne
npowseonures npocrun cuasreanem. Tlocae yanaknennn Toren
KABAYTCA Ha NPOMEHKY AAA AYALETO NPORAMDAIN KOE.

Pare, 146, Mpspiizo ana Hopunponanıa rorenmu:
im mass. 2 nosnoconme: 9 = eae,
ann wenn npasia 6 — einer m

Beranka npaoña m pacnpapxa rozenum. B yozaxwenme rozenmms
PCTADAMOTCA cuauana IePeAOK € NOANOCOMHKON, MOTO 3anmıka npa-
nina. Viukh HSBACKAIOTCA MAPYMY, TOMHALIE BBITATHBAETCH KBEPXY.
Memay nepeakow « SAAHMKOÏ BCTABANETER Kam

Ho okonuarermnoro saGnnanna Kanna Tomenmine mompenamerca na
MpabAnax Tak, «700 MPOLIBA, 00pasyR MPAMYIO AMHMO, sahana 10-
aoxerne nocepennne saaunkk npasita, B nepeawed sacra no1om2Ume
Fozenmna ROJOKUO OGecnenTs nIpARAABHOe NOAOMenNe met.

Kaus CAYIHT JR TOTO, WTOËW PASABMNYTE 8 MPOTHBONOOKHLE
CTOPOMM mepenuiow u saxo wacrh nparkaz.

orna Kau BOÑJer BHYTpb FOZEKMULA RooTKasa, MPOMSROANTCA.

Hawepenne OKPYIKHOCTH FOAEHHU

Ecan paamepui OKAMYTCA MEIbIMNM, sem TpeÓyerca mo MepKe,
MPAMENMOTR TORKAMHHUKH, KOTOPME SAÖHRAIOTCH MEMAY KAHHOM 8
3ARMNKOR 8 creumaabHo YCTpOEHHOM HENOÓKE.

213

Heo6xoaumo ydecrs, “TO mpi pecnpaske Toren paaMeps HX
InpoBepmorca no Buenkeh cropohe H Ou OÓMTHO OKASHBAIOTCA GG
mn Sa CUET TOJUAMUS MaTepHana; MOSTOMY K JAMMBM COMepA NH
cusruu Mepkn mpuóanmaercs 10—16 Mu H 9Ty Dernany HeoGxOARUO
MOAyURTS Np HoMepeH POMCHMIL Ha PARANA.

yrgeaxa roenmm. Pacnpannemusie roneuuta OTAERNBAIMTER CH
AYIOULMM oGpasou: € MOBCPXHOCTH YAAAMIOTEA BCE Sarpnahennn, 2aTeM
‘oxpammnaioren yTeM PABNOMEPHOTO HAHÉCEN TOHKOTO CAO Kpa-
curenñ m NOCHE Kpamenua OPA KABALOTCA NOAOTpeTHM TOKMAHKON.
B peayasrare STOTO Juenañ MOBEPXMOCTD FONERA npwo6peraer
ranuneaursuh nun. Bo usGexakwe nepexora HIM DISCYINMBAMEA. Komm
TOKMANHKH He AOMKHM MeperpeBaTECA,

Cpesaune u OTBOAKA npoluns, Bsicrymaloması Han TOBepxHOCTHIO
pacmpanzenmex TorenmN nacre npommu cpesaerca. TIpk sHnonnerx
TOTO MpHeMA HeAbaR AOMYCKATb FAYÓOKOTO cpesannn NPOLIBM, TaK
KaK_9T0 npapener x OGHAXHIIO CTEMKOD H OCAÓNENMIO WBE.

OGpesarual Kpañ IPOMIDE AOMKeH HAXOJHTECA ua OAHOM YPOBNE
© ammenok nonepxnoctsio TOXINA.

Ilocre cpesannm H3AKOB MPOMIBA “ICPMNTCA H OTRENIBACTOR
BOCKOM MpH MOMOLIH TOPATeÑ OTBOAKH.

Kouryp nommen Gurb uerknm u scHBIM. PeOpa OTBORKH Ha BceM
DPOTEKENNN ROHS MPOXOANTS ery TORCMMIMEM H CTOPOMAME
npouBtl,

Heo6xoauno cneguts, STOÓR Anka npomm Okt parano,
Ges nanıamerocnn. Ñ

Pacnpansenuke ronemmma waxonerea Ha mpasfñax a revenue
15—20 sacon.

Komeuna oraenxa, [locne cyan mpaniiza esimusaorea na rone-
wawa. Cnasara YAGIOTCR NOAKAMANAKH, SAT Kali, SOJA m
nepenxi.

Ha narowiyw acts cresek HAKACHDANOTCA MOANATONNAKE HAM no-
ayeremsen. TIpucneasanne 9THx neraneh nponsonurcn Gaxrapnol K
CTeaske, MPRIEN Kpan MX mo Ame omycKaoren ua-er. Berkunna
cnyexa 15—18 Mu no ncemy xpaio.

KomeuoR oTacakofi sepxa ananercn annpernponaune. Annperypa
HAHOCHTER MPI MOMOLLN cileuHaaBHOrO NYAPEPHIATOPA HA MOpcKo
TyOkofi TONKHM pankomepnuun caoew. [px STOM pekomennyeren npo-
HSBORHTS ABUKEHHE TYOKOR TOABKO B OAMOM HANPAB.TEHAH.

Tlocae annpernponku o6yes nojcyumeaeres H aareu elie pas mpo-
wepaeren, To sanepmennu Bcex sux onepaunl x ,YuIKY OOys np
pennnercn spas (Ónpxa), ua Koropom o6oananamfcn pasmepa OOyBH,
Marepiian, METOR KperLreHx.

Taana XVII
MOAENHPOBAHHE

Moaernpopannem mpecaeayercn nen nocrpoenna Nozeneh 07-
aemuux neraneh o6yon.

Cymectayer ovens uNOrO MeroAon TAKOFO NOCTPOEHHR, OAMAKO
ace OH CAOKHM u TPEGYIOT OT Macrepa (Honeavepa) cneunaasnoÎ
MOATOTOBKH m Gommoro manoro omvra paGoru B STOR Oßnacın.

Bnoaue nouanuo, vro vem weite onbrren Moxemvep, rem Some
norpemmocreh ou AOnycxaer mpm paspaborke Moneneh KaK 5 passe
pax, rax u » Gopue. Honyckaeımse np wonennposanun HOFPELINOCTH
OÓBACMMOTCA TEM, «10 Ha HAOCKOCTA Gywaru, Kaproma mam KONI
Tpyauo oroGpasume nee ocoßennocrn Popww Goxovoi novepxHocTH
konoaxn. Bexenerne toro nepern CAYTAM MENPATORNOCTA 3aroTO-
BOK, NONE KOTOPHX GI HSTOTOBIEMN AAKE OMTHBIMH MORD:
epanın.

B consu c smun muxe naeren ommcanne ynpouemioro enocoGa no
erpoemun woReneR sarotonox XPOMODEX canor NO METORY, mpmiense-
MOMY pk maroronzenun OÓYDM no HHAMBHAYETHOR MEPKE.

Sror cnoco6 cocrour » rpapiveckom H300paxemn oOyan, npuaen
ox TpeÖyer or yraueroca yuelma nanecru na ÓyMary mpasie nam
OmpeaenennoR meme, a TAXE Mponanectn Coezukenne BYE nu
‘uit pasnoñ rpunusust. Kpome Toro, 4% nocrpoennn neprera sone“
eli NEOGXORNBIO YMETD NOCTPOHTL yron MOMAY AYNA UND,

Inech uanaraeıcn enoco6 nocrpoennn weprexa ronenmu m nepe-
08 An camor © HopMamBHBINN PASMEPAME na Kon KaGayre.

Tipennaraembid MCTOR He aBAKeTCR BNOANS conepuiennuM. Onxaro
MpakTinca pabors no MNANBMAYAIMMOMY MSTOTOBACHAO canor noxa-
32: npaeuzewocts STOFO CUIOCOÓA, HOCKOIBKY OH MOCTPOCH HA OCHODE
Zamwwx o6mepa Tony m rome

Ja nocrpoeuus wonenel ueoGxozuno Here:

1) zane 06wepa Croma m rone

2) mephyio aewTy c vanecemmiM zen (ur nm Cam
Merpki);,

3) aumelixy paswepou 50 eu;

4) Tpancnoprup;

JeKaJa © KONTypaun paso x paru;

6) kapannaım © ocrpo Saronenmaıı Kon!

7) mer Gexoh Oywarn pasmepaun 48-80 eu,

NOCTPOEHHE FOJEHMILA C OMTYPHIM 3AAHHKOM

Sluer Gyuarn ykranumaerea ua raaaKyIO MOBepxHOCT croma mm
ROCKH COOTECTCTOYIOINAX PaIMEPOR u HPHKPENARETC MO YTAAM KHON
Kann HA MenKHMH TBOSAAME.

Tlo cepenume aucra or Bepxuero «pas K muxueny no miele
NPOSOAUTCR mpaması UNS, mpusen EU koneu Annan He AODO-
area 20 nncnero xpan Gymarm ma 8—10 cM.

Ar

Pue. 147..Meprex sarorossn canora

B stom mecre crasurea sax O, «mo GyzeT oGosmauamÓ aan
seprexa, a Mpovemennan amis — AANMIO, MeperuGa romenuua, . caO-
ennoro Bagoe. Caenonarensno, Ha seprexe Oyner maoßpanena
‘Tomko nononnna nerazeñi canora (pue. 147).

Tlogrony nce paamepst OyAyT nanarscn YMEHbENHHUN Baboe.

Hs roux O sipaso nposonures npaMas MAMA HOR PAM YTAOM
x Beprukansnofi. Ha nef or Town O Orknankinaetcn OTPÉSOK, pasa
OKpy™KHOCTH KOcoro MOMBEMA CTO (HAH nPoxona), yaMenbinenno
ua 4 urruxa u pasaeaenuoh nonoram. Beanunuy storo orpeska orme-
waror zomoit I. Ma STOR TOWKM Boepx MO DepTikanu OTKAAAMPAETER
orpesok, paBuih 114 mruxa, m OTMenaercn TOuko 2, Koropan osı-

MMHETO M SARHETO cpesa'sanHAKa saro-

Tonsn. Takoll xe oipeaor orkmansinaeren u na rouxi O u oGosnt
geerca toukoR 3. TosKa 2 coenuimerca npamoñ aunmeh e ronxof O.
Bra ama Oyner Aueh moxnero KPAN SAM.

Ha TowKH 3 flo BEPtHKaNA BEepx OTKAARMBACTCA orpesoK, pan
Diicore sanwka, coraacno TaGs. $ n ormesaerca TOXKOR 4. Or aroli
TOK DIPADO MOR NpAMBIM YTAOM K BEPTHKAMHOÏ IAN OTKABAB
BaeTCA OTPESOK AMA, PABHMA Pere KOCOFO MOABCMA, YMeH.
muemoR wa 5 wruxon u pasmemenuoñ ua 2. Dror orpesoK’ orme-
maerca rouxoñ 5, Koropan coenunneren c rouxoñ 9. Beamunna
m HAKOR anu 5—2 oswanzeT AMHMO SAMHTO cpesa aanunKa
saroroux.

Ma owen 2 naeno no nakrorkol Anm 2—O orkaanunaeren
SeaHHa, onpeRennionian upHAY J4AHKA saroTOBKH BHHAY. ¡Lame
© pasmepax sannnka mpunenems 262. 5.

Tasauna 5
Haumue aaa npoexrupor

um sana romeo

canon pa
38-39 10%

10-41 u 10
28 u wh
2445 12 15%
4647 12h 16%

Besruna aroro orpeska ormewaerca Touxoï 6. Ha.uxcore, pab-
OR core sanumka JATOTOBKH, CÓOKY, MOR MPAMEIM YTAIOM K Bep-
THKaZibHOA HUB, nposoanren amena 7-8.

Ha sTo# numa HCOÓXOAUMO HARTA TOIKY nepecewentn aim rpa-
HUB MIXTO KONTYPA nIeÑÍÑn u JMHHHM TeperHero cpesa SALHMER
saroTosktt.

Bra oma Haxonnrcn crenyiommn oOpasox: ma ann 7—8 m9
roux 8 ses OTKAAMNDACICA nennunna, pannan orpescy 2-6,
ymeibwennony na Ye umuxa, m ormeuaeren Toukoh 9. Toux 9 u 6
CoenmsoTes MPAMON, KOTOPAN HM oananaer AHHMO mepeanero cpesa
sanımka aaroronkn. B cepennme orpeska 7—9 cranunen Toma UT —
Tepexon xpsoR annum wenn 8 MPAMYIO.

ls roux O nnepx no RepTHKaMHOR “MAH OTKMAMBIBACTCR OTpe-
20K, PABHM MONOBMNE BEANIMMN MPAMOTO HOMBEMA, YMENDULEMRON
na ozun urmux.

Bror orpesox ormenaercn TORKOR 10, KoTopaR osnauaer Bepunay
ronoexs mebxm ronennua. Or rouku /0 pits no Au nepernOa

217

rosemmua OTKAAANNAETCH BMHIUMA FOMOSKH LICAKU, panman TpeM
LITuxaM, u omeuaerca Towoh 17.

‘Or 310R Touch puna oTKaAAMBAeTCA TPH uimaxa. Óror orpesox or-
wesaerca TouKoli 12. Ulnpuna wein waxoawrea wa pacctomnum
/, urruxa BHM or TOAKH 10. B srom mecre Bnpaso or nepTuKANbHOl
sm orkaansınaeren 1% mruxa (nononna punkt TOROBKI wein)
u mamocurca rouxa 13, Taxmm oÓpasoM, Kowryp neh mei rome
mue orpanuannaercn Tomaun 10—13—I1—12—II—9. Sra roux
Coenmimore Mexay coGol naasnoñ Kpanoï aumned, mpuuen 8 Touxe
11 Rpupan aus npoxoAHT HCCKOABKO 10OKe 9TOR TONKH, a B rouse 12
neckozbxo Bie. [lozoxenHe AHHH onpenenmeTeR HCKMOUNTEMUO
o6mel Gopuoñ Kourypa eu, KoTopas ADARETCA BHPAMEMHEM BKYCA
Mozeabepa.

Tocrpoenne ocramsnolt sacra ronenmua u » ocoGeMmocra KouTypa
Sankero cpesa ero MPOMBBOAKTCA CAPAYIOMNM OÓpasoM: OT HHKRETO
cpesa Jana roneima, Koropsif MocTpOeH c y“eToM mpanycka Ha
SATRXAYIO KPONKY, #a TOukH 6 NO BEPTIKAJM BBepx OTMEUACTCA BL
cora rosenuiita cortacko mepxe H orwenaerca TOWKOM /. Benuwamna
soro orpeska nOMKKA Outs Ha ABA UITHXa Gombule aKTAYeCKH moAy-
‘euHoli pH COSTA PK, TaK KAK IPA OTOM HSMEPCHHE mo OT
mioxeñ_xpoMKn 3anmmka Gea yuera mpmnyoka nox sarsxky. Or
TOuKH IP BAR OrKxansimaerca OTPESOK, papal 214 nimuxam u 07ME-
wéeiaswailio® I}. Dra seauanme osHauaer pasiiuly BEICOT BuyTpeH-

cropox ronenmu. A
Pr Y Of MIPAMEM YFAOM K DEPTUKAMMOR MH npoRo-
ania" Ala amp ronennua BBepxy.

Ha sroñ AHNMH OTKAAMMIBAETCR NOTONS HIMPHMEZ romeHMLa
BBepXy, YMeNBIEMNOA na ana UITHXa, u orMensercs Tomaum 1418,
Ma rome /4 ppepx OTKaanuınaercn TPL-NETEIPE wiTHxa ANA MOCTPOe:
‚un Koabipbka H STOT OTpesok ormenaeren Tonkofi 16.

Toaxw 16-7—18 coenunsor naannoh xpiook awnneñ. Ira mn
ABANETCH KONTYPOM Bepxa Torennua C HapyHoR CTOPORHL.

Konryp vepxa ronennua c BuyTpemteñ CTOPOHB CTROHTER CaeAyio-
mun oópasom: Kpunoh aunneh coenmaor town /6—F1—18. Ora
JHA Oanavaer KokTyp ronenwma © mıtyrpennell croponsı, Kouryp
Fozemmna MAPYAKOA CTOPORE MPOROAHTCH CHAOUMOË, a KOMTYP roue:
Hana Buryrpemmei CTOPOMS — nynsrupmofi aunnell. E

Jlyauie Bcero 374 Ann nPoBOAKTS MH TOMOUR aeKama, ¡Melo
kiero KOKTYDE pasmENHOR x pros.

Tlocae nocrpoenun FONEHMIA PREPXY mpousBomUTes, nocrpoeine
<ro 3 nerpe HspeL.

Ham storo ua HIMHETO Kpan saga saroToBKH, HI TOKH 6, aBepx
OTKAANHBAETCH BLICOTA HKPM (COTAACHS MepKe), yBenmuennan Ha npu-
TIYOK HEXHErO KPAR saroTOBKH AIR SATHKKH.

Stor orpesox annnn otmexaeres Touxoh H, uepes KoTopyio po
BOJUTCA MPAMAN AMAR MOR MPAMEIME YrAOM K BEPTUKAALNGH MM, STO
TO Me caMoe, K THIN meperußa ronekmua.

Ha sto awit OTKIAMMBACTCA NOAOBuNa OKPYMHOCTE BKpH,

Juenbmennoñ ma 1a urraxa. Orpeaox stoi ni :
jmemmennon p A nuit OGosHaxaeTeR TON:

218

Besusuia upoxona HAM OKPYKNOCTH Kocoro MOXBEMA OTKMAAN-
BASTCA Ha Ruicore, PABHOR MONOBINE PASMEPA CANO OT HHKHETO KDEA
saanuka mo rouxi 6, DTOT orpesox ormemserca Touxoñ IT. Uepes
‘rouxy II, bmpano OT BEPTIKAMROA ammm, OTsaaasınaeren 1% pasMepa
MPoXOXa, cornacHo ZAHM OÓMCPA, YMEMbUICNNOrO MA RBA urmuxa, H
ormeusetes rouanı 19—20.

Tipu naroronnenun canor c 2kecTRHMM OYTOPaMK nam namnacanı
yeranannnaeren rpannna HRxHerO Kpan EX. JLi STOTO npobonnren
Tpawas JAHHR HINKHETO Kpan MECTKOTO JAMINACA napazlneiibno Mann
4—5 wa paccroaum serapex umaxos oT wee nam canor No 38—42
(ua paceroama nara urruxoa nas canor Ne 42 à pre) 4 oTwenaerch
‘Towa VÍ, KOTOPAR ABIRETCA rpannueñ MAKOTO KOMAA MECTKOTO MAN
taco. Sra auna paona ann 1920.

Tom /5—/8—20—/I—5 coenmamor mpaxoñ nyaxrmprol manneh
m nonyaalor creer konrypa samuero cpesa rozcnnua. Baom anna
CKENETA MP NOMOMM ACKana MPODOAKTCA MAADIAA KpHDan, KOTOPAR
OTKOAUT OT AH cKeneTa B OTMedbuEIX VAACTEAX ua "ana */s
urruxa (cm. pue. 147)

HOCTPOEHHE NEPEAA

Ulefika nepena no au coenmNeH c meñoñ roneumma yxe
mocrpoena. HeoGxonmMo TOMbKO AMBATO wsweitenna, a HMeltHO:
K KONTYpY Wie Mepena no „AAN coemuHeNHA c meÑicoR roxemmna
Ha ynacrke, orpannuennom Tonkann /0 m JJ, mpomanomtca npAGanKa
mpnmyca mon crpouxy, Benmuna storo npanycka ana ASIE
Komencmur Tonapon Öunner paswod n Geperen u npexensx 15

,0 an.

Kptunsn mepena n mecte coeammentn e mepenm Kpaen sama
aaroronkn mpxpainueaiores. Beanuma mpnpamenna cocranaser 0,75—1
Tax BHHSY Y SATHKHOÏ KPOMKE H CXOAHT Ha-HeT y_BepANero Kpan
Saxe (nas 960).

Jinn npnpamenua TOROBKA u KpHuIES mepena Ha JEprexe 1306-
paxena NYAKTHPOM.

‘Tag onpenerenua mm u HaKaona mepena HCOGXOJHMO pH
HOMOUL sHeHKH NpOBeCTH MPAMYIO anno HB TOUKK 5 sepes
Tony 9 m mamie mo maxnommoh Ro TOIKR H, osmasatoute Koieu
nepena.

Bennuna orpesxa S—H nahnena sucTo omminm myrem m onpe-
ACAMETCA caenyomum oGpasou: X KomHuecTey LITHXOD, O3MAMAIOUTEX
PasMep AAMMAX KOTOROK, npnöanzmeren 8 uITAXOB pm paswepax ZO
Ne 41 1.9 wruxos mpn pasmepax came No 41. Tonka À cocaunneren
mpamok mummeh ¢ Tomoh 11. Jr HI] u sonserca annneñ m9
ra mepena na seprexe.

Ma s10f ie TOUKH BO BHCIIMIOIO CTOPORY NeprexKa OTKAAMEBICTCA
orpesox, passat 0,75—1 umuay (rouka 1/0). Yepes sry Tony npo-
BOMÍTCA MiaBHan KpHBAñ AHNHR, oOpasyıolan maanımil mepexon
Aunan mepeRa B MINO TOACHMULA.

219

Hilupuna nepenon u rpanuua xpaeb Juramıofl KpoMKH onpenenneren
cxenytouuim o6pasom: GepeTca KOMOAKA B COOTBETCTBMM co CHR-
Toh mepxol. Or rpax Mocka, uepes cepeanuy Gyrpa ero, u name
Zo ToukH, wepes KOTOpyIO HIMEPAETER KOCON MORREM, NpoBoAUTCA
TIPAMAR ANR 0 TOMMOCTA NO CCPM KARA.

Touxa marnóa combi Ha seprexe oGostamaezca Gyeoï T.

Jun H—T na veprexe nokia Ours Goble HHA Ma Kante
KOAOAKH, näylueh OT Tpaun HOCKa Mo TONKA KOCOTO MOXTEMA, Ha Be
ainsiny npunyeka MOR saTaKKyIO KpoMKy. Ec 970 yonoBHe me co-
Gmoneno, ro suka H—T ma seprexe coorserernyiom o6pasom
yammuseren,

Bokonan nowepxHocth KOMOAKH € BHEMHeR CTOPOMA pasneaneTeR
Wa MaTh-UecTs PaBMSIX acre MPAMBIMH AINHAMH, HAYLLEME MOM
PAM yraom K AHHH Ha KANE,

Ha weprexe 9TH ammm NPOBORATCA mon mpausim yraom x aun
HT, Town nepecesens stax Jon o6osnanaiores: T:—Ts—Ts—
T_T.

Ha Konoaxe MIMEPRETCA BEAMANIA MPRMBIX EUR OT aut Ha
rpeóne KonoAKH u AO rpam ee. K mañxenma nenmnnnau mpH6a-
BAJETCA BEHGHHA MpHNYCKa Ha 2TWAHYIO KPOMKY (AB4-TDH TEA
B 3aBHCHNOCTH OT TATYYECTH TOBAPa), M OTKIAMLBACTEA Ha COOTEET-
croyiomell nun ueprema. Beswunna coorserereyionwx Ann Ka
Kononke OTMenaerca ma ueprexe TouKamn Ta—T5a, KOTOpHE CoeMH-
HAIOTCA u O0PASyIOT KOMTYP saTmKHOR KpOMKH MEPERA.

Buikpanpanue NOZENR MPOMSBORHTCA CACAYIOMMM oGpasom: cna-
ana oGpesaerca GyMara no anna, OTPAMIUADMONLNM KONTYP rone-
HUA BREPXY, C33IOA H BRHAY TIO HAKAOHHOË AMHAN, Sate OCTOPOKRO
BUKpAHBAeTCA LEÑA NEPEAR H HEKHAR KPOMKA ero.

Buxpoeuwas monens mepena CHOBa nepexepansaercn Ha Oywary.
K xonrypy we m Kpsumes BHMEPAHDACTER NPAGABKA TAK, KAK 9TO
Guo cxeamo ma ocHOBKOM. neprexce. Tlo sroË monoï nn npons-
BOMHTCA BEPAMBARME MOROÄ MONEAH, MO KOTOPOÏ m nponanonuTen
HOAKPOÑ nepeaos, nocAE Toro, KAK HM CAENANA NOCAAKA, T. €. MOCHE
opwxposarns mem,

m BHKPAHGANER FOMEMMIL Ma Ko MOMBIYIOTOA MONCAMA,
MACOTOBACHMAME 3 KapTOoHa MO MOREAM, BEKPOeRHOK mo paspa6o-
‘TaitwoMy seprexy. Sta MONEMb KOK KONTPOMMAR xpauuTea Y MO-
eabepa.

Tlepena puxpansaioren us KO MO paGowHM MomenaM, KoTOpHe
ne HIT ODOPMOBAHOR meta.

MOCTPOEHHE PABOYER MOJEAH NEPERA

PaGowan Moxerb 128 BNKPaHBARHA TepenoD CTPONTCA no monem
nepexa, BHKpoëoro 13 OGLICTO seprexa 3aTOTOBKH o*pimepcKoro
canora.

Tan nocrpoemma paGosef moxem Geperca auc «ucroR (mena-
Tebo Genol) Gymaru c pasuepamm cropon 30 X 40 cm m cani
BaeTeR MOMONAM Tak, "TOOK pAsMepst CHOKEHHOTO BABOC ANCTA OKA-

220

sames 30X20 cu. Ha omy #3 cTopon ÓYMArH wakzanunzerea MONEAD,
Brixpoeunaa us OÓÍmero seprexa. MOnenb HYXHO HIKAMEIBATO Ma
GyMAry Tak, WOOK ARANA AIME m MAKAONA Mepena B TOMNOCT CO
pranana € Aunweh nepern6a ÓJMarH, E B TAKOM ne Mone BMecTe
€ Oywaroli GyaabKaMH MAR TONKHMH TBO3AAMH DPEMERHO MPHKpe-
maneren x AOCKE,

Moxens oGxepunmaëren TOHKEM KapauaauioM, mpusem meñka m
xpuima 06oanamamrcn nyarupuol amsuel, a KouTyp aamanıioR
pow — cnaoumo aueh,

Tax Kax ronouka mel mepena Oyner npa STOM HaXOJImTECA 38
npenexaun Gymari, ofa me oÖnepwnaeen (pue. 148).

Tlocxe nuuepunnantn Konrypa Mole cHuMaeTeR © Oymarn H ma
seprex nepenocarca roukn H, 11, 11,9, 6.

Pue, 148 Yeprex paGoseh woxean nepexa

‘Tum HJ neoGxonuno nponomkurs snpaso x Ha neh orto:
Te or Tom I OTpesoK, pannel 5—6 urrHxam (o sapfeHMOCTH OT
paamepa 068).

Konen stoi sume orweren rouxof //a. Ha sto roukH, NOA nps-
Mant yraom x zum JJa—H, ornomurs orpeson, paunuh 24/,—3 urrn-
xau (amunn Ila—110). Ms ronku 116 napannemuo mun 1/0—H
OTAOKHTA orpesor, pasa 4—5 wrirxam. Konen srof ann 0603u3-
muero Touroh 110.

Tlapanneasno una 11-9 n 9-6 sepes rouxm Ula-96--9a—60,
xorophe oreros or rouek La a paccroanmn 15—2,0 urruxos, npo-
pecrn MPANe un, KoTopuie nepecexajorca B Touke 96, Town 118

221

u Ila COCKMMMOT mnannoR pnnofi anmmeh, Ona nomkna MPOXOJATb
Ha ORMNAKOBOM PaCCTOANAH OT NYEKTHPHOR -HHKH KONTYpa uefa.

Korua ueprex Gyner roros, Oywara oOpesaercn no ARBRE TOK
11a—116—llla—90—96—9a—6a—H.

TIo ausm H — 1/a Gyuara we paspesaerca. Buspoesnan Tax 06.
P&soM MORE pasBopasupaeres, HAKAMEBRCTCA MA KAPTON m MS MO-
enenuero Dupesaerch paGowam MORE, KOTOPAR CAYMUT RAR BE
KPOR nepenon ma Kork,

Ha suxpoeunoñ ns Kaproma paGoueñ Momena nepena ctanat ee.
pasmep.

OMIABAEHME

Mpeanenonne....

Ornex nepsun
MATEPHANIBI, TIPHMEHAEMBIE JUIA MSTOTOBAEHHA OBYBH

Prana L Komenennoe CPE » » » + + + + + serre Re
ra ane an ro ©2222. ER
rouorpagite MSP us à
mure cos xy pu
Exa weypu m sc Kocepripoiaine
opor Upa aan

Tara IL Miponsaogers0 xomenemmu rasero
Moxrotomtenemse onepann
Iyéreme sss «=
Ofzenounue arepa © :

Fxa na UL Xapaurepuermxa won

Aenchnn wx kavectoa

ecrans osa + »
Marke xoxeseninie
Koum pacturemoro aySeuin» << |
BE ROM, ee ne ee. à
ferouu onpexencaia cnoncra u sayecraa wontseuatx” warepnaso

Onpexesenfe eavecroa KON opravoacirateotm METOXOM »
Onpexcacime Guanco-uesaunveeuue CORTE ROMA = = > + > >
Onpexeacime smorvecxoro COCTARE KOwK + 3

Taana IV. Sameumean KOMM aora
Beanionwe sauerrren oxic > > > > >> À 2
mean

uve apis

TAN sewerrreseh KOM

Das sa V. Texeruabunio warepuasit
Tea son nenn oy
Toxtastowne team
Meron onpenenenen kalecria raie ! |

Faana Vi Benoworatemune maveprana m Gypmnrypas «2s... «
Apesecuse arepa ! : : 22211111
Taosan seraaaweecene |) ! 2 ! 2 |! ae
DypMrVpa ne ie
Knesunne seuteérsa . . : es
Orgeaoumme m KONCepmipyrouine warepnänie Bing

Oraeanropon
OBYBb H PABOUHA MHCTPYMERT JUIA BE H3TOTOBAEHHA

Faaoa Vil, Kancengmauns o6y0x
Bocmar ao ss
Meroatewaroronveiin

Laana Vil. O6yomae wox0
Sera Xonoat a

eno mue neater

R383812 8118228851 5228812818 SIR Sl eels

8 gig aaa

E

Faana IX. Crpocmne CTONM m CMATMS MEDI. ee +. + + 87
Gepocune cr == « nie
A a Oe
Hox6op m noxroina KOROROK no hepme : 2!!! 1!!! A

Panne X. Mucrpyue naa pysuoro mpoussoneras yon» - s
Tlonnaownuh mnerpyuent =
Orzenoanun unerpyaeir » à a

Oraea zperun

TOWHBKA, OBYBH
XL, Bunpon heraneh o6yH > . . ............... 107
‘TpeSonann x acreamı mepaa OÉÿan N° cpaniaa packpon > 2. > m
Texan m npneun PACPOR MATI KOK «ee rene DR
BunpoR Aeranc una O6yon sve serie Ce. 16

Taana XIL Moxroronxa neraxch ju expensemns A 12
‘O6paGorna nerauch nepxa" « pido =
OspsGorna xerareh ma uno. 111! fied 14

Tiana ZU. Uiveñuue mamma ooo 129
Kparane cacxemta O maux MEER © > 2! 2! ! | u "=
Biansoxetcrane poéow opranon moctüoh win w o6pasona
Aue mera a a 180
Verona à peryanposia Gciomux pitovix’ opratos ins

Taana XIV, Mommaxa SATOTOBOE u.a 186
‘Won wero mowers. sll oca e m
Tlomwbxa saroroox spowossx canon. : : ! 2 nun non. 18
goma emos “expenacune MS ‘a Svprpinina nern
i ee areal ren er a
Hloaxpos sarorosox MO woman 2022 Io
Hprrorooseme sparau ss +... C0 III 14
Chaunmanne rome. : 2111111211!!! 17
Beranna m crpous mon. : 2! 7:11: 12
Gcrenocrn nownswn sarovoeox conor ¢ alecrimia agunacawa © 197
GcosennoctH nommmym cauor € mesreHMM Gytopaum + + ++. 159

Lana XV. Senna Yan . ooo rr oro 16
Howoroma era... 220005 en ue
Tipeasepirensuas sera nn: 1m
«Bias noanapauı en m
arma noanoeko: : a im
Soren nepexon a a 175
Emma pauron : ! 2! ©! | a 178
Floarorones caera cum) 222020122 187

Faana XVI. Mpnupenaenne mua o6yan . «+: + 150
Tipwp-naeune MORO sss eee we os pad
Tibuxpenaenme KoGayxoD | 222222022 19
Tipmnpenzeune waboek sss vss ese 20.

Faasa XVIL Orseaownne onepau «+ =. 203
On... R 28
Sino mre Be 210
à XVII, Moxeanposanne + con 25
‘oerpeenre roscnnuts € Guiry admin: 216
Hloc pwwne pera sv evens ee ees © 29

20

Mocrpocune p:Goven Moacan nepexa | !
Tags
пошив обуви сапоги
Categories
Fashion
Download
Download Slideshow Get the original presentation file
Quick Actions
Statistics
  • Views 257
  • Slides 225
  • Age 3046 days
Related Slideshows
Pink Kurta for Men: A Shade That Speaks Confidence 8
Pink Kurta for Men: A Shade That Speaks Confidence
madhuiyer1710
26 views
White Short Kurta for Men: Pure Style, Effortless Character 7
White Short Kurta for Men: Pure Style, Effortless Character
madhuiyer1710
25 views
Silk Kurta for Women: Grace Woven Through Threads 7
Silk Kurta for Women: Grace Woven Through Threads
madhuiyer1710
26 views
Salwar for Men: Tradition, Style, and Cultural Expression 5
Salwar for Men: Tradition, Style, and Cultural Expression
madhuiyer1710
29 views
Dress Custom Model Sabrina Mix Payet by Rumah Jahit Azka 6
Dress Custom Model Sabrina Mix Payet by Rumah Jahit Azka
galleryazka20
24 views
What’s Underneath Matters The Undergarments That Make Fashion Work.pdf 15
What’s Underneath Matters The Undergarments That Make Fashion Work.pdf
ShyAway1
17 views
View More in This Category