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1. BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY K R Road, V V Puram, Bengaluru – 560004 Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering VI Semester Wireless and Cellular Communication Laboratory (21TCL66) TOPIC: ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR CONCEPTS LIKE CELL-SECTORING, SPLITTING (USING QUALNET /NS3/ ANY OTHER  TOOL) PRESENTED BY NAME:VENNELA S USN:1BI21ET050 PRESENTED TO Prof. N SHRUTHI ASSISTANT PROFESOR

2. In this presentation, we will explore two key techniques used to enhance the capacity of cellular networks: cell sectoring and cell splitting. We will discuss their functionalities, benefits, and potential drawbacks. By understanding these techniques, we can gain valuable insight into how cellular networks manage increasing user demands and data traffic. Cellular Network Capacity Enhancement Techniques

3. The Challenge: Limited Spectrum Cellular networks operate on a limited radio spectrum resource Multiple users share the same frequency channels within a coverage area This can lead to congestion and decreased capacity Cellular networks function by transmitting and receiving signals on specific radio frequencies. However, the available spectrum is a finite resource. As the number of users and data traffic grows, the limited spectrum becomes congested, leading to dropped calls, slow data speeds, and overall network performance degradation.

4. Cell Sectoring Cell sectoring divides a cell into multiple sectors (typically 3 or 6) Each sector has its own directional antenna Directional antennas focus radio signals in specific directions, reducing co-channel interference Allows for frequency reuse within the same cell area Cell sectoring is a technique that addresses the spectrum limitation by dividing a large cell into smaller sectors. Each sector is equipped with its own directional antenna. These antennas focus the radio signals in specific directions, reducing interference between users within the same cell who are using the same frequency channel.

5. Benefits of Cell Sectoring Increased network capacity: More users can be served in the same area Reduced co-channel interference: Improved call quality and data speeds Improved signal strength for users at the cell edge Cell sectoring offers several advantages. Firstly, it significantly increases the network's capacity to handle more users within the same coverage area. By reducing co-channel interference, cell sectoring leads to improved call quality and faster data speeds for users.

6. Limitations of Cell Sectoring Increased complexity: Requires additional antennas and infrastructure Handoff overhead: Mobile devices may need to switch sectors more frequently, introducing handoff delays Potential for coverage gaps at sector boundaries

7. Cell Splitting Cell splitting subdivides a large cell into smaller cells, each with its own base station Smaller cells have lower transmission power and shorter range Increases frequency reuse factor and overall network capacity

8. Benefits of Cell Splitting Significant capacity increase Increases the frequency reuse factor Increases the capacity of the channel considerably.  Enhances dependability of cellular networks.

9. Thanks!!