1ST SEMESTER GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 WEEK 1.2.pptx

A module in Biology Quarter 2

1. Module 1.1: APPLICATIONS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

2. MELC Discuss the applications of recombinant DNA. (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-7)

3. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to: 1. identify the pros and cons of rDNA technology; 2. g ive the importance of rDNA technology in the society in relation to the present situation; 3. c reate a model of your own GMO that will benefit your community.

4. A molecule that contains an organism's complete genetic information .

5. DNA

6. Acronym for genetically modified organism.

7. GMO

8. The molecular unit of an organism that contains information for a specific trait (specific DNA sequence).

9. GENE

10. An entire set of genes for an organism.

11. GENOME

12. The building block of DNA.

13. NUCLEOTIDE

14. What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the direct modification of an organism’s genome , which is the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA. Changing the genome enables engineers to give desirable properties to different organisms. Organisms created by genetic engineering are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

15. Genetic engineering The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains. Is known more specifically as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO. Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).

16. Practical Applications Agricultural applications Better crops Improved animal health 2. Medical and health care applications New tests New vaccines New medicines 3. Chemical and environmental applications Better manufacturing processes Improved consumer product

17. Engineering Plants How might genetic engineering modify plants to solve everyday problems? (Consider world hunger, weather problems, insecticide pollution…)

18. 1a. Agricultural applications: improve crops Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold). Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products. Practical Applications

19. Genetically Modified Crops GMO crop production in the US (2010): 93% of soybeans 93% of cotton 86% of corn 95% of sugar beets Example: One common modified crop is Bt -corn. A gene from the Bt bacteria is added so the corn produces a protein that is poisonous to certain insects but not humans.

20. Other Reasons to Genetically Modify Crops Insect resistant Herbicide resistant Drought/freeze resistant Disease resistant Higher yield Faster growth Improved nutrition Longer shelf life

21. Engineering Animals Could genetic engineering be used to modify any animals to solve problems?

22. 1b. Agricultural applications: improve animal health Better detection of disease More nutritious feed New and more effective vaccines Improved treatments for diseases Practical Applications of Biotechnology

23. Bioluminescent Animals Uses: Protein tracking Disease detection using bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to identify different types of cells Novelty pets ( Glofish are available now)

24. Fast-Growing Salmon Genes from two other fish cause this salmon to continually produce growth hormones Less Smelly Cows Modifying bacteria responsible for methane production in cattle results in 25% less-flatulent cows

25. Could Spiderman Be Real? Web-Producing Goats Spider genes in goats enable the production of spider silk in goat milk ?

26. 2. Medical and health care applications New diagnostic tests Example: new generation of home pregnancy and strep tests MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, growth deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, hepatitis, genital warts, transplant rejection, leukemia and other cancers Practical Applications of Biotechnology

27. 3. Chemical and environmental applications (industrial biotechnology) Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents Use genetically modified microorganisms that break down industrial waste Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products Practical Applications of Biotechnology

28. GMO Concerns What are some concerns regarding genetically modified foods and animals? Risk to human health; unsafe to eat Harm to the environment and wildlife Increased pesticide and herbicide use Farmers’ health Seed and pollen drift Creation of herbicide-resistant super weeds What about genetic engineering in humans? Nearly 50 countries around the world, including Australia, Japan and all of the countries in the European Union, have enacted significant restrictions or full bans on the production and sale of genetically modified organism food products, and 64 countries now have GMO labeling requirements.

29. ACTIVITY 1- MY OWN GMO MATERIALS Recyclable materials, art materials, glue, scissors

30. PROCEDURES 1. Create a model of your GMO using the available materials (recyclable) 2 . Write a short description of your product which contains the following; a. Name of your GMO (combination of the source organism and the target organism) b. Benefits that your GMO could provide in your locality and to the society as well. 3. Your output will be graded using the rubrics below.

31. Criteria 5 3 2 Transmutation Feasibility and application of the chosen GMO The proposed trait is 90- 100% possible to the target organism and the GMO is practical The proposed trait is 70-80 % possible to the target organism and the GMO is practical The proposed trait is 70-80 % possible to the target organism and the GMO is not so practical in the province 20 – 100 19 – 99 18 – 97 17 – 96 16 – 94 15 – 93 14 – 91 13 – 90 12 – 89 11 – 87 10 – 86 9 – 84 8 – 83 7 – 81 6 – 80 5 – 79 4 – 77 3 – 76 2 – 74 1 – 72 0 – 70 CONTENT 9 EXPLAINATION/ DESCRIPTION ) Complete explanation of the product Explains 2 of the indicator given. Explains 1 of the indicator given Neatness Presented the output without erasures. Presented the output with 2 to 3 erasures. Presented the output with 4 to 5 erasures. Timeliness Submitted output on scheduled time and date. Submitted output 2 to 3 days after the scheduled time and date. Submitted output a week after the scheduled time and date.