2. Basic information of HIV and AIDS.ppt

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body’s immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of the disease.

1. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr= cfO{=eL nfG5gf tyf e]befj
;DaGwL
ljBfnodf cGt/s[of tyf cled'lvs/0f
cfof]hs M

2. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
PrcfOeL P8;sf ljifodf ePsf k/LIf0f / pkrf/ ljlwsf af/]df ePsf
pknlAwsf jf/]df atfpg ;Sg] 5g\ .
;dfh jf :jo+n] PrcfOeL P8; eP/ ug]{ u/]sf ckdfg, e]befj /
b'Jo{jxf/ tyf nf~5gfsf pbfx/0fx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] 5g .
Pr cfO eL P8; hGo b'Jo{jxf/ / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;DaGwsf af/]df
JofVof ug]{ ;Sg] 5g .
:yflgo :t/df x'g] u/]sf jf ;+EffAo b'Jo{jxf/x? klxrfg u/L To;sf]
Go"lgs/0fsf nflu sfo{ of]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .
sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo M

3. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control

HIV HIV ;DalGw cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L;DalGw cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L

4. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr\=cfO{=eL= (HIV) sf] kl/ro
HIV sf] k'/f ?k Human
Immunodeficiency Virus xf] h'g
efO/;n] P8\; (AIDS) nufp5 .
H: Human
I : Immunodeficiency
V: Virus

5. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr\=cfO{=eL= sf] c;/x?
•Pr\=cfO{=eL= n] z/L/sf] ;
+qmd0f tyf /f]u;Fu n8\g]
Ifdtfdf -Immune system_ x|f;
Nofp5 .
•Pr\=cfO{=eL= n] ljz]if WBC -
CD4 cells_ gi6 u5{ h:n]
ubf{ Immune system sdhf]/
x'G5.
•z/L/n] /f]u;Fu n8\g ;Sb}g.

6. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr\=cfO{=eL= sf] c;/x? (hf/L …)
•;do laTb} hfFbf Immune system Pr\=cfO{=eL= ;
+qmd0f;Fu n8\g ;Sb}g JolQmdf cj;/jfb ;+qmd0f
-opportunistic infections -OIs__ x? b]vf kg{ ;S5 .

7. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
P8\; -AIDS_
AIDS sf] k'/f ?k Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome xf] / of]
Pr\=cfO{=eL= ;+qmd0fsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] r/0f xf] .
A: Acquired- (j+zfut xf]Og) j+zfut cyjf cfg'jf+lzs cj:yfaf6
5'6ofpg
I: Immuno- Immune system nfO{ hgfp5
D: Deficiency /f]ux?af6 ;'/Iff lbg g;Sg'
S: Syndrome- nIf0fx?//f]ux?sf] ;d'x h'g Pr\=cfO{=eL= n]
lgDTofp5

8. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
P8\; versus Pr\=cfO{=eL=
Pr\=cfO{=eL= -HIV_ / P8\; -AIDS_ df s] leGgtf 5 <

9. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
P8\; versus Pr\=cfO{=eL= (hf/L …)
•Pr\=cfO{=eL=: efO/; h;n] Pr=cfO=le= ;+qmd0f
u/fp5 .
•P8\;: Pr\=cfO{=eL= n] Immune system nfO{ sdhf]/
agfPk5L nfUg] ulDe/ /f]ux? / cj;/jfb ;+qmd0f
(opportunistic infections) sf] ;d'x
•Pr\=cfO{=eL= ;+qmldt w]/} JolQmdf s]xL ;dok5L
P8\; b]vf k5{ . o;nfO{ s]xL dlxgfb]vL !% aif{ ;Dd
nfUg ;S5.

10. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
HIVHIV ;g]{ dfWodx? ;g]{ dfWodx?

c;'/lIft of}g;+ks{
of}g;Dks{ eGgfn]] of]gL d}y'g, u'bf d}y'g / d'v d}y'g
nfO{ hgfp5 . ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L HIV ljk/Ltln+uL ;+usf]
of}g ;Dks{af6 ;/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
/ut / /uthGo kbfy{sf] ;Dks{
;+qmldt /ut ln+bf, ;'O ;f6f;f6 u/L nfu' cf}ifwL k|of]u
ubf{, :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ ;'O{ tyf wfl/nf] cf}hf/n]
rf]6k6s nfu]df, wfld{s / 6f6' agfpg] h:tf ultlalwsf]
qmddf 5fnf 5]8g] / sf6\g] wfl/nf] ;fdfgx? k'gM k|of]u
u/]df, ;+qmldt AolStsf] c+u k|Tof/f]k0f u/]df .
cfdfaf6 aRrfdf (MTCT)
uef{j:yfdf, k|;j, k|;'lt / :tgkfg sf] a]nfdf

11. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
lgDg lnlvt sfo{x? lgDg lnlvt sfo{x?
ubf{ ubf{ HIV HIV ;b}{g ;b}{g


•vf]Sbf jf xfl5o' ubf{ .
•5'bf jf c+ufnf] xfNbf .
•r'Dag ubf{, xft ldnfpbf .
•HIV ;+qmldt JolQm;Fu sfd ubf{ jf :s"n
hfbf .
•sk, Unf;, Kn]6, cGo ef8fs'8f z]o/ ubf{ .
•nfDv'§] nufot cGo ls/fn] 6f]Sbf .
•kmf]g k|of]u ubf{ .
•;fj{hlgs ;f}rfno, gbL cflb k|of]u ubf{ .
•vfgf jf kfgL ;Fu} vfFbf

12. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Viral loadViral load
•Viral load eGgfn] /utdf HIV sf] ;+VofnfO{ hgfp5 .
•HIV sf] z'?sf] cj:yf (Primary HIV Infection) / AIDS sf]
cj:yfdf Viral load w]/} x'G5 .
•olta]nf HIV ;g{] hf]lvd pRr /xG5 .
•ha z/L/n] HIV la?4 Antibodies agfpg yfN5, viral load
lj:tf/} 36b} hfG5 .
•pkrf/df lg/Gt/tf gePdf jf pkrf/ c;kmn ePdf viral
load a9\Þb} hfG5 .
•Viral load !))) slk / ML eGbf sd ePdf pkrf/ ;kmn
ePsf] dflgG5 .

13. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
cj;/afbL ;+qmd0fx? cj;/afbL ;+qmd0fx?
HIV n] ubf{ z/L/sf] /f]u la?4 n8\g] Ifdftfdf sdL
ePsf] ca:yfdf x'g] ;+qmd0fnfO{ cj;/afbL ;+qmd0f
elgG5 . o:tf /f]u u/fpg] ls6f0f' /
hLjf0f'x? ;fdfGotof xfd|f] z/L/df z';'Kt ca:yfdf
/x]sf] x'G5g\ . o;}n] cj;/afbL ;+qmd0fx? /f]u lj?4
n8g] Ifdtf sd ePsf] a]nfdf dfq x'g] ub{5 .
T
U
B
E
R
C
U
L
O
S
I
S

14. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
;dfh, ;d'bfo, kl/jf/ / JolQmdf Pr\;dfh, ;d'bfo, kl/jf/ / JolQmdf Pr\
=cfO{=eL=sf] k|efj=cfO{=eL=sf] k|efj

15. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr\=cfO{=eL=sf] k|efj:
;dfh÷/fHo
•v/fa cfly{s lasf;
•:jf:Yo ;]jf k|0ffnLdf
lagf;
•jo:s cf};t cfo' 36g'
•afnaflnsf w]/}
gafRg'
•cgfysf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'g
•ko{6g pBf]udf c;/

16. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr\
=cfO{=eL=sf]
k|efj: ;d'bfo
• hgandf sdL
• :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cfjZostf a9Þg'
• gl;{ª ;]jfsf] ef/
• cgfy afnaflnsfsf] nflu ;]jfsf] ef/
• afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf c;/
• afn k|d'v kl/jf/

17. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Pr\=cfO{=eL=sf] k|efj: kl/jf/ /
JolQm
•/f]u / lk8f
•afnaflnsf tyf jo:ssf]
cfo' 36g'
•sfd / cfo u'dfpg'
•kl/jf/hgsf] d[To'
•zf]s, u/LaL / lg/fzf
•:jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg sl7gfO{
nufot nf+5gf / e]b\efj
•kl/jf/ sdhf]/ aGg'
•n}+lus c;dfgtf a9Þg'

18. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
g]kfndf PrcfO{eL / P8\;sf] cj:yf
18
g]kfndf klxnf] PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt JolQm ;g\ !(** df klxrfg
ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]kfndf PrcfO{eLsf]] jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ “s]Gb|Ls[t dxfdf/L” -
Concentrated HIV Epidemic_ sf] ?kdf kl/eflift ul/G5 cyf{t
PrcfOeL ;g{;Sg] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d"xdf PrcfO{eL ;
+qmd0f b/ % k|ltzt eGbf a9L t/ ;fdfGo hg;+Vofdf
PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f b/ ! k|ltzt eGbf sd x'g' xf] .
g]kfndf PrcfO{eL ;+s|d0fsf] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'xx?
“h:t}M ;'O{åf/f nfu"kbfy{ k|of]u ug]{x?, of}gsdL{, k'?
if ;dln+uL tyf t];|f]ln+uLx?, /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]lzg]x? /
h]nsf s}bLx?” df s]lG›s[t 5 .

19. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
g]kfndf PrcfO{eL dxfdf/Lsf] l:ylt
19
PrcfO{eL ;ª\s|ldtx¿sf] cg'dflgt ;+Vof #),#))
PrcfO{eL ;ª\s|ldt k'?ifx¿sf] ;+Vof !^,#!$ (%$Ü)
PrcfO{eL ;ª\s|ldt dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof !#,(*^ ($^Ü)
PrcfO{eL ;ª\s|ldt aRrfx¿sf] ()-!$) ;
+Vof(s'n ;ª\s|ldt dWo])
!@^* ($=@Ü)
PrcfO{eL gofF ;ª\s|d0fsf] ;+Vof -jflif{s_ &%$
P8\; ;DalGwt d[To' ;+Vof -jflif{s_ ^#^
PrcfO{eL ;ª\s|ldt ue{jtL dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof
(h;nfO{ cfdfaf6 aRrfdf x'g] ;ª\s|d0fsf]
lgjf/0f ug]{ ;]jfsf] cfjZostf 5)
@!^

20. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
Major Interventions & Partners
MoSD, PHD,
PHLMC,
PPHL, PHTC
Pool Fund: Targeted
Intervention for Migrants
EPIC Project /FHI 360
Targeted Intervention for FSW
& MSM/MSW/TG
Targeted Intervention for PWID,
Migrant, Prison and PLHIV
BCC, NSEP, OST, Condom &
Lube Distribution, HIV Testing,
CCC, CHBC, Cash Transfer for
CABA
BCC, HIV Testing, Condom
Distribution
BCC, Condom & Lube
Distribution, HIV Testing, STI
Diagnosis & treatment
AHF Nepal:
Proving support for strengthening
of service from ART sites and
managing complicated cases

21. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
/fli6«o PrcfO{eL sfo{qmdsf eljiosf k|fyldstfx?
/fli6«o PrcfO{eL /0fgLlts of]hgf @)@!-@)@^ d:of}bfn]
k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf kl/sNkgf, d'Vo ;"rs tyf nIox¿
–;g\ @)#) ;Dddf P8\;sf] dxfdf/LnfO{ cGTo ug]{ : z"Go gofF
PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f, z"Go P8\; ;DalGwt d[To', z'"Go
PrcfO{eL ;DalGwt e]befj
–@)#) ;Ddsf (%-(%-(% nIox¿: (%Ü k|ltzt PrcfO{eL ;+qmldtx?n]
cfˆgf] ;+qmd0f cj:yfaf/] yfxf kfpg], tL dWo] (%Ü k|ltztsf] ARV
cf}ifwL pkrf/df kx'Fr x'g] / tL cf}ifwL vfg]x? dWo] (% k|ltztsf]
z/L/df efO/;sf] ef/ -efO/n nf]8_ Go"g ePsf] x'g]
–;g\ @)@^ ;Dddf PrcfO{eLsf] cfdfaf6 aRrfdf x'g] ;ª\s|d0fsf]
pGd"ng ug]{
–;g\ @)@^ ;Dddf PrcfO{eLsf] gofF ;+qmd0f b/df ()Ü n] sdL Nofpg]
-;g\ @)!) sf] t'ngfdf_

22. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
•HIV /f]syfdsf nflu d'Vo ;d"xx?sf] (Key population)
klxrfg u/]/ ljljw sfo{qmdx¿ ;lxt tL ;d'xx? ;Dd k'Ug],
klxrfg, kx'Fr, l;kmfl/;, kl/If0f, pkrf/ / pkrf/df
sfod (IRRTTR) ljlwaf6 /f]syfd tyf pkrf/ ;]jfnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
•ækl/If0f / pkrf/Æ sf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd CD4 u0fgf hlt
eP klg HIV sf] pkrf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg], HIV ;ª\s||
ldtnfO{ pkrf/df sfod /fv]/ pgLx¿sf] HIV efO/;sf]
ef/nfO{ (Viral load) gu0o cj:yfdf Nofpg] .
/fli6«o PrcfO{eL sfo{qmdsf eljiosf k|fyldstfx?

23. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
•sfdsf] afF8kmfF8sf dfWodaf6 /f]syfd / pkrf/sf aLrsf]
cGt/;DaGw lgdf0{f ug{ lqmofzLn ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/L
(Public Private Partnership) sf] :yfkgf ug]{, HIV
sfo{qmddf /fli6«o nufgLnfO{ klg k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L
a9fpFb} lbuf]kgf lbg] .
•HIV ;+qmd0fsf] gofF ;|f]tx?sf] klxrfgsf nflu k|fyldstf
lbg], tYodf cfwfl/t of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
•HIV sfo{qmdnfO{ ljs]lG›t, ax'kIfLo / ax'laifos ;+UnUgtf
lbnfpg] .
/fli6«o PrcfO{eL sfo{qmdsf eljiosf k|fyldstfx?

24. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
;/sf/L ;+oGqaf6 xfn ;+rfng eO{/x]sf d'Vo
lqmofsnfkx? M
•:jf:Yo +;++:yf :t/df PrcfO{eL ;DalGw lgz'Ns k/fdz{, hfFr tyf
pkrf/ ;]jf
•PrcfO{eL sf] k|ToIf ;Dks{df cfPsf] gjhft lzz'sf] /ut hfFr (EID testing)
tyf pkrf/ ;]jf
•Viral Load tyf CD4 test ;]jf ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg
•OST ;]jf ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg
•cfk|jf;L sfdbf/ tyf s}bL aGbLx?sf] nfuL HIV, TB screening sfo{qmd
;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg
•of}g/f]u tyf cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0fsf] lgbfg tyf pkrf/
•NCASC| dfkm{t c;ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df HIV test kits nufot
cGo ;fdfu|Lx?sf] cfk"tL{ JoJ:yfkg
•;]jf k|bfosx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l¢ ;DalGw lqmofsnfk ;+rfng tyf
Joj:yfkg
•lbj; dgfpg] (Condom Day, AIDS Day Celebration)
•;+rf/ dfWodåf/f hfgsf/L d"ns ;"rgf k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f

25. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng eO{/x]sf d'Vo
lqmofsnfkx? M
•Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf nflu ;+rf/ / ;d'bfo :t/df PrcfO{eL ;DalGw lgz'Ns
k/fdz{ tyf hfFr ;]jf -vf;u/L PrcfO{eL ;+s|d0fsf] pRr hf]lvddf
/x]sf ;d'xx? “h:t}M ;'O{åf/f nfu"kbfy{ k|of]u ug]{x?, of}gsdL{, k'?if ;dln+uL
tyf t];|f]ln+uLx?, /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]lzg]x? / h]nsf s}bLx?”)
•IftL Go"gLs/0f ;DalGw sfo{qmd (Needle syringe exchange, SSU/OST)
•nlIft ;d"xdf s08d tyf n'a|Ls]G6 ljt/0f
•3/ tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t x]/rfx / ;xof]u sfo{qmd (CHBC)
•;fd'bflos x]/rfx s]Gb| ;+rfng (CCC)
•HIV ;+qmldt !* aif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k|lt dlxgf ?=!))) sf b/n]
gub ;xof]u (CABA)
•of}g/f]u tyf cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0fsf] pkrf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u
•;d'bfo :t/df e]l6Psf HIV ;+qmldt JolQmx?nfO{ k/fdz{ tyf
pkrf/df ;xof]u
•efO{/n nf]8 hfFrsf] nfuL k/fdz{, /ut gd"gf ;+sng tyf
9'jfgLdf ;xof]u
•ARV pkrf/df lg/Gt/tf gePsf lj/fdLx?sf] vf]hL u/L pkrf/ lgoldt
u/fpgdf ;xof]u

26. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
HIV Program – PROGRESS TOWARD 95-95-95 TARGET

27. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
HIV Program – Trend of New PLHIV on ART
FY New on
ART
Diagnose
d at HTC
Difference
Enrolled vs
diagnosed
(Primary LTFU)???
078/79794 951 43 (5%)
079/80731 883 152 (17%)
080/81723 802 79 (9%)
Impression:
•Need to analyze the status of the primary loss to follow up cases (LTFU) not enrolled in ART
Target is to reach zero new infection by 2035

28. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
PLHIV currently on ART by District (end of Ashar 081)
Total = 6,735Total = 6,735
Number
0%
1.9% 1.2%
2.7%
17.8%
4.5%
0.9%
0.3%
1.5%
0%
2.2%
59%
7.8%

29. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
HIV TESTING AND COUNSELLING
FY TestedPositiveYield
078/7930155 951 3.15%
079/8043459 883 2.03%
080/8115190 802 5.3%
Impression:
•Testing in FY 080/81 is low because of transfer of data of partner organization in prevention
program data set.

30. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
HIV HIV ProgramProgram –PMTCT –PMTCT
FY ANC
Visit
Tested%
teste
d
Positive
cases
078/7915164812084979%44 (0.04%)
079/8012511110684285%20 (0.02%)
080/811159109810385%15 (0.01%)
Impression:
•Adequate and timely supply of PMTCT kit along with sufficient buffer can support in reaching 100%
HIV testing at ANC clinics.
•Out of 15 positive, Kathmandu (9), Chitwan (3) Nuwakot (1), Makwanpur (2)

31. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control

32. National Centre for AIDS
and STD Control
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