2. General Living thing.pptx. Structure of life.

How life is work

1. How do living things work?

2. Are all living thing different? How much do we have in common with other living thing that surrounds us? DNA – building “alphabet” of all living things. I think we have… _____% _____% _____% _____% _____% _____% Of our DNA in common with

3. Are all living thing different? How much do we have in common with other living thing that surrounds us? I think we have… 50% 36% 98% 84% 85% 7% Of our DNA in common with

4. Characteristics of all living things Characteristic Explanation Example Are made of one or more cells Cells are the smallest units of life. Cells have specialized smaller structures inside them, which perform chemical reactions (metabolism) that keep the organism alive. Some living things are single-celled and others are multi-celled. Bacteria are single-celled organisms. Use energy for life functions Living things take in substances that they can use in chemical reactions (metabolism) that produce energy. These chemical reactions are part of the process of cellular respiration, which occurs in every cell of every living thing. Living things use this energy to perform all life functions. Plants use water and carbon dioxide to produce a sugar that their cells use to make energy by cellular respiration. Respond to stimuli A stimulus (plural: stimuli) is something that causes a reaction. For living things, a stimulus can come from their surroundings or from inside their cells. Stimuli can be physical - like feeling the wind or a sharp surface; chemical - like the presence of water or a gas; or energetic - such as sunlight or electricity. All living things can detect different kinds of stimuli and then react or respond to the stimuli in ways that help their survival. A dog smells food and begins to produce extra saliva that will help it digest the food.

5. Characteristics of all living things Characteristic Explanation Example Maintain homeostasis The root ' homeo ' means similar or the same kind, while 'stasis' refers to stability. Therefore maintaining homeostasis means that an organism is able to make physical or chemical adjustments so that conditions within the organism stay in the same stable state. You sweat when it is hot so that you can maintain a safe body temperature Grow and develop All living things grow and develop over time by reproducing new cells to add to existing cells, or to replace dead or damaged cells. Even organisms that are made of only one cell grow during their life cycle! A plant begins as a seed and adds new cells so it grows over its whole life Reproduce Some living things (mostly single-celled organisms) reproduce by asexual reproduction, which means the organism clones, or makes a copy of, itself. Other living things reproduce by sexual reproduction, which requires a male and a female to combine genetic information in order to produce a new, unique individual, or offspring A single bacterium clones itself by doubling all of the contents of its cell and then dividing, so that there are two identical cells instead of one.

6. Characteristics of all living things Characteristic Explanation Example Contain genetic material Inside each cell is genetic information, usually in the form of DNA. DNA gives an organism its characteristics. DNA acts as an 'instructional manual' of sorts, so that each cell can perform the functions necessary to sustain life. DNA is inheritable -this means that during the process of reproduction the DNA is passed to the new cells, so that each offspring has the’ instructional manual' from its parent or parents. The genetic information of male and female dogs combines during the process of sexual reproduction, so that the puppies have characteristics of the mother and the father. Adapt to their environment and evolve over time Sometimes, by chance, the genetic information of an individual results in characteristics that are different from most of the other individuals in the species. If those differences make it easier for that individual to survive, it is more likely that it will reproduce and pass on these characteristics in its DNA to its offspring. This will make the offspring more likely to survive and reproduce ... and so on. After some time, these changes, or adaptations, can result in a new species. This means that evolution has occurred. Some bacteria have genetic information that make the cells resistant to antibiotics (a type of medicine people take when they have some kinds of infections). This means those bacteria will not be damaged by the antibiotic medicine, and they will keep reproducing. After some time, anew species of bacteria can evolve.

7. Characteristics of all living things Characteristic Explanation Example Contain genetic material Inside each cell is genetic information, usually in the form of DNA. DNA gives an organism its characteristics. DNA acts as an 'instructional manual' of sorts, so that each cell can perform the functions necessary to sustain life. DNA is inheritable -this means that during the process of reproduction the DNA is passed to the new cells, so that each offspring has the’ instructional manual' from its parent or parents. The genetic information of male and female dogs combines during the process of sexual reproduction, so that the puppies have characteristics of the mother and the father. Adapt to their environment and evolve over time Sometimes, by chance, the genetic information of an individual results in characteristics that are different from most of the other individuals in the species. If those differences make it easier for that individual to survive, it is more likely that it will reproduce and pass on these characteristics in its DNA to its offspring. This will make the offspring more likely to survive and reproduce ... and so on. After some time, these changes, or adaptations, can result in a new species. This means that evolution has occurred. Some bacteria have genetic information that make the cells resistant to antibiotics (a type of medicine people take when they have some kinds of infections). This means those bacteria will not be damaged by the antibiotic medicine, and they will keep reproducing. After some time, anew species of bacteria can evolve.