2. Methods_of_Science and how it is used

Methods found in science

1. Essential Questions What are independent and dependent variables? How does experimentation and investigation differ? What are the differences between mass and weight? What is scientific notation and how is it used? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists

2. Review experiment New scientific methods hypothesis independent variable dependent variable control Le Système International d’Unités (SI) scientific notation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Vocabulary Methods of Scientists

3. Chapter 1 Section 2 & 3

4. What is Science?

5. What can Science Answer?

6. Methods of Scientists Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Nature of Scientific Investigations Scientists use similar methods to gather data and communicate information. Scientific methods are a series of problem-solving procedures that helps scientists conduct experiments.

7. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Visualizing Scientific Methods Scientific methods are used by scientists to help organize and plan their experiments and investigations.

8. Scientific Method

9. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists The Nature of Scientific Investigations Hypothesis A hypothesis is a testable explanation of a situation that can be supported or disproved by careful procedures.

10. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists The Nature of Scientific Investigations Experimentation An experiment is classified as an organized procedure that involves making observations and measurements to test a hypothesis.

11. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Nature of Scientific Investigations The independent variable in an experiment is the factor that is changed by the experimenter. A dependent variable is a factor that is affected by changes in the independent variable. A control is used in an experiment to show that the results of an experiment are a result of the condition being tested. Methods of Scientists

12. Communication in Science Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Communicating Results Lab report A written account of a lab is a lab report.

13. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Communication in Science Communicating Results Graphs In line graphs, the independent variable is plotted on the horizontal (x) axis, and the dependent variable is plotted on the vertical (y) axis.

14. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Communication in Science Communicating Results Graphs Circle graphs show a fixed quantity using slices representing parts of the whole. Bar graphs represent quantitative data using bars.

15. Graphics

16. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Nature of Scientific Investigations Investigation An investigation involves observation and collecting data but does not include a control. Methods of Scientists

17. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Communication in Science Communicating Results Models A scientific model is an idea picture, a system, or a mathematical expression that represents the concept being explained.

18. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Theories and Laws A scientific theory is an explanation based on many observations during repeated investigations. A scientific law is a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon. Communication in Science

19. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Le Système International d’Unités (SI) is a modern version of the metric system based on a decimal system.

20. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Length The SI unit for length is the meter (m). Mass The amount of matter in an object is called mass. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).

21. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Weight Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. The SI unit for force is the newton (N).

22. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Area and volume Area is the amount of surface included within a set of boundaries. The SI unit for area is square meters (m 2 ). Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object. The SI unit for volume is cubic meters (m 3 ).

23. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Density Density is the measure of the amount of matter that occupies a given space. The SI units for density are expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ), grams per milliliter (g/mL), and kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ).

24. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Time Time is the interval between two events. The SI unit for time is the second (s).

25. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists Measurement Temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material. The SI unit for temperature is the kelvin (K). Absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature.

26. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Scientific Notation In scientific notation , a number is expressed as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. Examples The number of grains of sand on Earth is approximately 4,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 and would be written as 4 × 10 21 . The mass of Earth at 5,973,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg would be written as 5.9736 × 10 24 kg .

27. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists The Nature of Scientific Investigations Analysis and conclusions During a scientific experiment, all data are carefully recorded. Once an experiment is complete, graphs, tables, and charts are commonly used to display data. These data are then analyzed so that a conclusion can be drawn.

28. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Methods of Scientists The Nature of Scientific Investigations Analysis and conclusions Many times, a conclusion does not support the original hypothesis. In such a case, the hypothesis must be reevaluated and further research must be conducted.

29. Homework Worksheet Nature of Science Part 2 Read Chapter 2 Section 1 & 2 Before You Leave!! Hand in 1. Your weekly class starter questions 2. Your group’s graph and scientific method problem

30. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions What are independent and dependent variables? How does experimentation and investigation differ? What are the differences between mass and weight? What is scientific notation and how is it used? Vocabulary scientific methods hypothesis independent variable dependent variable control Le Système International d’Unités (SI) scientific notation Methods of Scientists

31. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions Why is precise communication crucial in science? What are the differences between scientific theories and scientific laws? When is it appropriate to use a graph or a model? Vocabulary scientific model scientific theory scientific law Communication in Science