2. Science, Matter, Energy, and Systems (1).pptx

Science, Matter, Energy, and Systems

1. ergy and System E n S c i e n c e , M a tt e r , s CHAPTER 2

2. At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: understand what is matter and energy establish the connections of the basic concepts of matter, energy, and systems to the emergence of environmental problems identify solutions to environmental problems Objectives:

3. 02 What is matter?

4. “Matter consists of elements and compounds, which are in turn made up of atoms, ions, and molecules.” Matter anything that has mass and takes up space Compounds combinations of two or more different elements bound in fixed proportions. Elements has a unique set of properties and cannot be broken down into simpler substances

5. Atomic Theory “All elements are made of atoms”

6. 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons Model of a Carbon-12 Atom

7. most basic building block of matter Atoms, Molecules, and Ions are the Building Blocks of Matter combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bond Atoms Molecules an atom or group of atoms with one or more net positive charges I o n s

8. Ions are important for measuring a substance’s acidity

9. Organic Compounds are Chemicals of Life Organic Compounds “ atleast two carbon atoms plus atoms of one or more elements” “carbon - based” Inorganic Compounds “all other compouds with one exception, methane (CH4)”

10. Organic Compounds hyd r ocarbons methane (CH4), octane (C8H18), a major component of gasoline. chlorinated hyd ro carbo n s insecticide DDT (C14H9Cl5) simple carbo h y d ra t es glucose (C6H12O6)

11. Complex Organic Compounds complex carbohydrates which consist of two or more monomers of simple sugars such as glucose proteins formed by monomers called amino acids nucleic acids formed by monomers called nucleotides “DNA and RNA”

12. 03 What happens when matter undergoes c h a n g e ?

13. physical change What happens when matter undergoes change? ex: melting of ice chemical change ex: burning of coal to form gaseous carbon dioxide nuclear change ex: radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion

14. “Law of Conservation of Matter” Whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroy

15. Connections Stuff that we put out in the trash may be buried in a sanitary landfill, but we have not really thrown it away because the atoms in this waste material will always be around in one form or another

16. 04 What is energy and what happens when it undergoes change?

17. Energy comes in many forms kinetic energy matter in motion potential energy stored and potentially available for use forms of kinetic energy: heat, electromagnetic radiation

18. “Law of Conservation of Energy” Whenever energy is converted to one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed.

19. Connection Similarly, the law of conservation of energy states that  the amount of energy is neither created nor destroyed . For example, when you roll a toy car down a ramp and it hits a wall, the energy is transferred from kinetic energy to potential energy.

20. “Second Law of Thermodynamics” when energy is changed from one form to another, it always goes from a more useful to a less useful form

21. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics A fundamental rule that determines the fate of the universe. The second law of thermodynamics means  hot things always cool unless you do something to stop them . It expresses a fundamental and simple truth about the universe

22. 05 What are Systems and How Do They Respond to Change?

23. Systems have inputs, flows, and outputs

24. 1. There is no away (Law of Conservation of Matter) 2. You cannot get something for anything (Law of Conservation of Energy) 3. You cannot break even (Second Law of Thermodynamics) Three big ideas:

25. Questions?