20220826095655-palate. -dm3.pdf.

Mouth

1. PALATE
Dr. Divya Mahajan
Department of Human Anatomy
Dr.HSJInstitute of Dental Sciences & Hospital
Panjab University, Chandigarh

2. Content
Introduction
Developmentofpalate
Hardpalate
Softpalate
Muscles
Functions
Clinicalconsideration

3. Introduction
Palateistheroofofthemouth.Itseparatestheoralcavityfromthe
nasalcavity
Liesintheroofoftheoralcavity
Hastwoparts:
Hard(bony)palateanteriorly
Soft(muscular)palateposteriorly

4. DevelopmentofthePalate
Initially,duringthe6
thweekof
intrauterinedevelopment,thereisa
commonoro-nasalcavitybounded
anteriorlybytheprimarypalateand
occupiedmainlybythedeveloping tongue

5. Themedialpartisalsoknownastheprimary
palatebecauseitdevelopsfirstandisafloorto
thenasalpits.
Lateralpalatineprocessdevelopfromthe
maxillaryprocesseslaterally&growtomidline.

6. Theprimarypalateisformedbythe
mergingofthetwomediannasal
processes

7. Betweenthe7
thand8
thweeksof
development,formationofthesecondary
palateoccurs

8. Hardpalate
Primary
palate
Softpalate
Secondary
palate
Theprimarypalaterepresentsonlyasmallpartlyinganterior
totheincisivefossa,oftheadulthardpalate

9. Formationofthepalateinvolvesthe
fusionoftwoprocesses:therightandleft
maxillaryprocessesandthemedialnasal
process

10. Themediannasalprocessgrows
downwardandforwardtoformthenasal
septum

11. Inthebeginning,thelateralpalatine
processesprojectinferomediallyoneach
sideofthetongue

12. Asaresultoftheenlargementofthe
mandibleandachangeinthedegree of
flexionofthefetushead,thetongue
movesinferiorly.

13. Whenthetongueisremovedfromthe
pathofthegrowinglateralpalatine
processes,theprocessesarestraightened
toahorizontalposition.

14. Thenthelateralpalatine
processesgrowsmediallyatthe
midlineandfuse witheach
otherandwiththe posterior
partoftheprimarypalateand
nasalseptumtogiverisetothe
hardandsoftpalate

16. HardPalate
Thehardpalateseparatestheoralcavityfromthenasalcavities.
Itconsistsofabonyplatecoveredaboveandbelowbymucosa:
Above,itiscoveredbyrespiratorymucosa andformsthefloorof
thenasalcavities (superiorsurface)
Below,itiscoveredbyatightlyboundlayeroforalmucosaand
formsmuchoftheroofoftheoralcavity(inferiorsurface)

17. Theposteriormarginsgivesattachmenttosoftpalate.
Theanterolateralmarginsarecontinuouswithalveolararchesandgums.

19. VessselsAndNerves
ARTERIES-Greaterpalatinebranchofmaxillary
artery.
VEINS-Drainsintopterygoidplexusofveins.
NERVES-Greaterpalatine&nasopalatine
branchesofpterygopalatineganglionsuspended
bythemaxillarynerve.
LYMPHATICS-Upperdeepcervicalnodes

20. SOFTPALATE
movablemuscularfoldsuspendedfrom
posteriorborderofhardpalate
Separatesnasopharynxfromoropharynx
Trafficcontroller
2surfaces
4borders

22. Coveredonitsupperandlowersurfacesby
mucousmembrane
oComposedof:
Musclefibers
An aponeurosis
Lymphoidtissue
Glands
Bloodvessels
Nerves

23. PalatineAponeurosis
Fibroussheath
Isflattenedtendonoftensor
vellipalatine
Attachedtoposteriorborderof
hardpalate
Splitstoenclosemusculus
uvulae
Givesorigin&insertionto
palatinemuscles

24. Muscles
Tensorvelipalatine
Origin:lateralsideofauditorytube,
Greaterwingandscaphoidfossaof
sphenoidbone.
Insertion:formspalatineaponeurosis
whichisattachedto
(a)Posteriorborderofhardpalate
(b)Infsurfaceofpalatebehindpalatine
crest
Action:Tensessoftpalate,opensauditory
tube

25. Levatorvelipalatini
Origin:inferioraspectofauditorytube,
Adjoiningpartofinf.surfaceofpetrous
temporalbone.
Insertion:uppersurfacepalatineaponeurosis
Action:Raisessoftpalateandclosesthe
pharyngealisthmus,
alsoopensauditorytube

26. Musculusuvulae
Origin:posteriornasalspine,
Palatineaponeurosis
Insertion:mucosamembraneofuvula
Action:Elevatesuvula

27. Palatopharyngeus
Origin:AntFasciculus-Postborderofhard
palate
Postfasciculus-palatineaponeurosis
Insertion:posteriorborderofthyroid
cartilage,
wallofthepharynxanditsmedianraphe.
Action:Elevateswallofthepharynx

28. Palatoglossus
Origin:oralsurfaceofpalatine
aponeurosis
Insertion:sideoftongueatthe
junctionoforalandpharyngeal
parts
Action:pullsrootoftongue
upward,closesoropharyngeal
isthmus

29. BloodSupply
Arteries-
Greaterpalatinebranchofthemaxillaryartery
Ascendingpalatinebranchofthefacialartery
PalatinebranchofAscendingpharyngeal,
branchoftheexternalcarotidartery
Veins-Pterygoidandtonsillarplexusofveins
Lymphatics-Upperdeepcervical&
retropharyngealnodes

30. SensoryNerveSupply
GeneralSensory:Mostlybythemaxillarynervethroughits
branches:
◦Middlelesserpalatinenerve
◦Posteriorlesserpalatinenerve
SpecialSensory:Fortastesensations:lesserpalatinenerves,
greaterpetrosalnervegeniculateganglionoffacialnerve
nucleusofsolitarytract.
Secretomotor;LesserpalatinenervesDerivedfromsup.
salivatorynucleustravelthroughgreaterpetrosalnerves.

31. MotorNerveSupply
Allthemuscles,excepttensorvelipalatini,aresuppliedbythe:
◦Pharyngealplexus,itisderivedfromcranialpartofthe
accessorynervethroughvagus.
Tensorvelipalatinisuppliedbythe:
Nervetomedialpterygoid,abranchofthemandibularnerve.

32. Passavant’sRidge
Upperfibersofpalatopharyngeuspass
deeptothemucousmembraneofthe
pharynxandformasphincterinternalto
thesup.Constrictor.
Thesefibersconstitutepassavant’s
musclewhichoncontractionraises
passavant’sridgeonposteriorwallof
nasopharynx.
Whensoftpalateiselevateditcomesin
contactwiththeridgeandclosethe
pharyngealisthmusbetweennasopharynx
and oropharynx.

33. Movements&functionsofSoftpalate
Controls2gates
IsolatesmouthfromOropharynxduringchewing.
SeparatesOropharynxfromnasopharynxbylockingintopassavant’sridge
duringsecondstageofswallowing.
Byvaryingthedegreeofclosureofpharyngealisthmus,qualityofvoicecanbe
modified.
Duringsneezing,theairisappropriatelydividedanddirectedthroughthe
nasalandoralcavities.
Duringcoughing,theairandsputumisdirectedintothemouth.

34. ClinicalConsiderations
Cleftpalate–istheresultofthenon-
fusionofthe2palatineprocessesandthe
inferiorborderofthenasalseptum
◦Unilateral
◦Bilateral
◦Median

37. Paralysisofthesoftpalate-
Thepharyngealisthmuscannotbeclosedduring
swallowingandspeech
Nasalregurgitation
Nasal twang
FlatteningofPalatoglossalarch

38. Smoker’spalate/Stomatitisnicotina-
Itisadiffusewhitepatchonthehardpalate,usuallycausedby
tobaccosmoking,pipeorcigarsmoking.
Itisapainless,anditiscausedbyaresponseofthepalataloral
mucosatochronicheat

39. 1.Grayshumananatomy,14
th
edition:Elsevierpublications
2.B.D.Chaurasia’humananatomyvol:3
3.Shaferstextbookoforalpathology&microbiology,6
th
edition
4.Davidson’stextbookofgeneralmedicine18
th
edition
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