2024 UTS M2 Lesson 2.2 The Sexual Self.pdf

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1. Prepared by:
Kenneth Alvin Cinco
Sources:
•CorpuzB. et al. (2020)
•Ancheta G. (2019)
•Alata et al. (2018)

2. •This lesson recognizes the use of discussions from
the following books:
•Corpuz, B. et al. (2020) Understanding the self. Lorimar
Publishing
•Ancheta G. (2019) Understanding the self. Wiseman’s
Books Trading, Inc.
•Alata E. et al. (2018) Understanding the self. Rex Bookstore

3. •For the benefit of brevity, I will use codes in citing
these three sources within this presentation:
•Corpuz, B. et al. (2020) Understanding the self. Lorimar
Publishing –CODE: (C2020)
•Ancheta G. (2019) Understanding the self. Wiseman’s
Books Trading, Inc. –CODE: (A2019)
•Alata E. et al. (2018) Understanding the self. Rex Bookstore
–CODE: (A2018)

4. The behavior of a human being in sexual matters is
often a prototype for the whole of his other modes of
reaction in life.
-Sigmund Freud

5. •The sexual selfis considered an active, dynamic
structure that forms from organized perceptions on
one’s own qualities in the sexual domaininto a
cohesive internalized construct. (A2019)
•The sexual self is defined as how individuals think
and feel about sex in general, and feel about
themselves as sexual beings. (A2019)
•Our sexual self comprises a complex set of schemas
that allow us to understand and express ourselves as
sexual beings. (C2020)

6. After the discussion, the students will be able to:
•Familiarize with conceptsrelated to the sexual self,
•Describe the developmentof primaryand secondary
characteristics of sex,
•Discuss the operations of the reproductive system,
•Elucidate about sexual pleasuresand erogenous zones,
•Enumerate the human sexual response cycle and the
chemistries of intimacy,
•Familiarize about sexually transmitted diseases and their
prevention, and reproductive health.

7. •On a rate of 1 to 5 from 1 being the lowest to 5 being
the highest, how do you rate your level of knowledge
about your own sexual identity and self-expression?
•How important is sexual knowledge?
•How does people develop intimacy towards each
other, and most importantly, maintain it?

8. •The sexual self is a multidimensional construct with
multiple factors that can affect other aspects of
sexuality such as sexual risk-taking behaviors.
•Five (5) Different Sexual Self-styles of Individuals:
1)Sexually Naïve
2)Sexually Not Assured
3)Sexually Competent
4)Sexually Adventurous
5)Sexually Driven
•Throughout adolescence, sexual concept also known
as sexual self, can be very unstable.
A2019

9. •Self-processes become particularly important in
adolescence because adolescence is the
developmental periodin which they cultivate more
sophisticated understanding about their identity and
the self (Harter 1999, 2012)
•Puberty, romantic relationships, culturally constructed
norms.
•Adolescents then has to uncover their authentic
sexual self along with his/her sexual rights as
authentic person.
A2019

10. •The World Association for Sexology shares the
Sexology’s Declaration of Sexual Rights.
•Right to sexual freedom
•Right to autonomy, sexual integrity, and safety of the
sexual body
•Right to sexual privacy
•Right to sexual equity
•Right to pleasure
•Right to emotional sexual expression
•Right to associate freely
•Right to make free and responsible reproductive choices
•Right to sexual information based upon scientific inquiry
•Right to comprehensive sexuality education
•Right to sexual health care
A2019

11. Development of Primary and
Secondary Sex Characteristics
•Types of physical change
during puberty:
•Primary Sex Characteristics
-changing of the sexual organs
•Secondary Sex Characteristics
-viable changes that mark adult
maturation such as changes in
height and body shape
A2019

12. Development of Primary and
Secondary Sex Characteristics
•Primary Sex Characteristics
•Changes in the sexual organs
(Women: vagina, cervix, uterus,
ovaries, fallopian tubes)
(Men: Enlargement of penis,
testicles/testes, prostate glands,
seminal vesicles –9to14yrs. )
A2019
Image Source: https://cdn.britannica.com/31/94931-050-41A3B5F4/females-puberty-organs-hormones-males-
reproduction-egg.jpg

13. Development of Primary and
Secondary Sex Characteristics
•Primary Sex Characteristics
•Women: Uterus starting to build
lining that will be shed during
menstruation vagina begins to
produce mucus like discharge.
•Menarche–first menstrual
period –lining is shed once
every 28 days.
•Lining –preparation of the
uterus for initial portion of
pregnancy, egg must attach to it.
A2019
Image Source: https://www.planetpuberty.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Binder11024_20.jpg

14. Development of Primary and
Secondary Sex Characteristics
•Primary Sex Characteristics
•Men: Enlargement of penis,
testicles/testes, prostate
glands, seminal vesicles
•Occurs 9 to 14 years
completed in bet. 12 to 16
years.
•Spermarche–first ejaculation
(Boy now producing sperm)
A2019
Image Source: https://modulace.lppkn.gov.my/uploads/6/7/9/1/679126/published/figure-4-3-b-male-reproductive-
system_1.jpg?1517377886

15. Development of Primary and
Secondary Sex Characteristics
•Secondary Sex Characteristics
•Viable changes that mark adult
maturation such as changes in
height and body shape.
PUBERTY
•Females –breasts enlarge,
nipples erect, hair in pubic
region, hips widen
•Males –growth of reproductive
organ, body hairs, deepening of
the voice, increased height etc.
A2019
Image Source: https://uoitbiology12u2014.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/8/3/25832527/6718250_orig.jpg

16. Human Reproductive System
•A system of organs within an
organism which work together
for the purpose of reproduction
–the capacity of human beings
to originate new individuals.
•Reproduction occurs when
sperm unites with egg and
fertilization occurs.
A2019
Image Source: https://cdn.britannica.com/31/94931-050-41A3B5F4/females-puberty-organs-hormones-
males-reproduction-egg.jpg

17. Human Reproductive System
•Male reproductive system
•Direct function: provide male
gametes (sperm), the
spermatozoa for fertilization of
the ovum in a female.
•Includes the penis, testicles
(produces testosterone), urethra,
seminal vesicles, prostate glands,
bladder, vas deferens, and
epididymis.
A2019
Image Source: https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/retrieve.cfm?imageid=9806&dpi=72&fileformat=jpg

18. Human Reproductive System
•Female reproductive system
•Composed of the ovary, uterus,
vagina, cervix, oviduct or fallopian
tubes, and the uterine lining.
•Ovaries produce eggs and female
sex hormones called estrogen,
which are responsible for the
development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
A2019
Image Source: https://nci-media.cancer.gov/pdq/media/images/609921-571.jpg

19. Human Reproductive System
•Human reproductive system
reflects “The Magic of Life” –
Male plus Female = Fertilization.
•A Fertilized egg is called a
zygote.
•Zygote implants in the lining of
the uterine wall.
•Placenta develops (for oxygen)
•Birth.
A2019
Image source: https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/fertilization-and-implantation.png

20. Sexual Pleasure and Erogenous Zones:
“What turns people on”
•Sexual learning and experience come
early in adolescence.
Sexual Pleasure
•Consists of positively valued feelings
induced by sexual stimuli which
encompass positive sensations.
Sexual Fantasies
•Expression to sexual wishes that
cannot be satisfied.
•Healthy as long as they do not
interfere with social development.
•Masturbation is safest way of
experiencing orgasm: safest form of
sex.
A2019

21. Sexual Pleasure and Erogenous
Zones: “What turns people on”
Erogenous Zones
•Areas of the human body that
has heightened sensitivity
necessary for sexual pleasure.
•Stimulationof these areas
generate sexual response.
•Zones: genital areas –vulva,
clitoris, vagina, penis, scrotum,
perineum prostate and anus.
A2019
Image Source: https://lh7-
us.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeXB7IL3l2H5oRnX1EHAnWXLOnK4Jj6F9gMAnskoPNg_
SLjmmbRD3cFTqGFfvCrrb_iBP5AcEg7gKYldFMS1L8yMBE9p2LAfcWzXfTb59Q8GYsroUvU6SaV0
72srFBlsbioYQbB3cQI4wLWcx8dR0FylhVs?key=YdsleoSEqDkMAedu4Ufv7Q

22. Sexual Pleasure and Erogenous
Zones: “What turns people on”
Erogenous Zones
A2019
Skin receptors in erogenous
zones
Positive evaluation from brain.
Brain transmits nerve impulses of
pleasurable sensations.
Brain regulates the release of hormones which are
believed to be the origin of sexual thoughts,
fantasies, feelings.

23. Sexual Pleasure and Erogenous
Zones: “What turns people on”
Sexual Hormones
•Play a vital role in sexual
motivation.
•Estrogenand progesterone
typically regulate to engage in
sexual activity.
•Oxytocin, known as “hormone
of love” is released during sex
when orgasm is achieved.
•Oxytocin –breastfeeding
•Oxytocin –helps in maintaining
relationships. A2019
Image source: https://www.genemedics.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/estrogen-and-progesterone-in-men.jpg
Image source: https://www.mhainde.org/wp-content/uploads/iStock-1190025448-980x686.jpg

24. Sexual Pleasure and Erogenous
Zones: “What turns people on”
Culture
•In every society there are
“sexual scripts” (Gagnon, 2008)
which indicate what is valued or
approved.
•Majority of people in a social
group preferred sexual activities
that conform to their culture.
•Traditional societies, Greece,
Monogamies, polygamies…
•Religion
A2019

25. The Human Sexual Response Cycle
•Four stage model of physiological response to
sexual stimulation.
•Formulated by William H. Masters and Virginia E.
Johnson in “Human Sexual Response” (1966)
A2019
The
Excitement
Phase
The Plateau
Phase
Orgasm
The
Resolution
Phase

26. The Human Sexual Response
Cycle
•Arousal –physical or mental
erotic stimuli.
•Can last to few minutes to
several hours.
•Increased muscle tension,
quickened heart rate.
•Blood flow to the genitals,
lubricating fluids begin to show.
A2019
The Excitement Phase

27. The Human Sexual Response
Cycle
•Period of sexual excitement
prior to orgasm.
•Increased circulation of blood
and heightened heart rate.
•Vagina continues to swell from
increased blood flow while the
clitoris becomes highly
sensitive…
A2019
Plateau Phase

28. The Human Sexual Response
Cycle
•Conclusion of plateau phase,
climax of the sexual response
cycle.
•Shortest of the phases.
•Accompanied by quick cycles of
muscle contraction in the lower
or pelvic muscles.
•Sudden forceful release…
A2019
Orgasm

29. The Human Sexual Response
Cycle
•Allows muscles to relax, blood
pressure drop, slows down from
excitement.
•Marked by general sense of
well-being and often fatigue.
•Some women are capable of a
rapid return to the orgasm
phase (refractory period)
A2019
Resolution phase

30. The Chemistry of Love –Love and
the Brain
Love –Foundation of human
existence.
•When a person falls in love, the
brain manifests some changes
and certain chemical compounds
are released.
•Prof. Helen Fisher suggests that
(3) emotional system –lust,
attractionand attachment–
mediate mating, reproduction and
rearing of the child. Each
associated with different
collection of behaviors. A2019

31. The Chemistry of Love –Love and
the Brain
1) Sex Drive: Libido or Lust
•Extreme sexual attraction to the
object of affection.
•Driven by testosteronein men
and estrogenin women.
•Pushes individuals to seek sexual
union with any appropriate
partner.
A2019

32. The Chemistry of Love –Love and
the Brain
2) Attraction system
•Passionate Love/Obsessive
love/Infatuation.
•Increased energy focusing on
preferred mating partner
Dopamine –motivation, reward,
pleasure, goals
Norepinephrine –extra energy,
adrenaline
Serotonin –decreases because of
obsessive thinking
A2019

33. The Chemistry of Love –Love and
the Brain
3) Attachment System
•“Compassionate Love” –calm,
security, social comfort,
emotional union.
•Wanting to make a more lasting
commitment to a loved one.
Oxytocin –“trust hormone”
promotes monogamy
Vasopressin –helps in turning a
male into a nurturer
A2019

34. The Chemistry of Love –Love and
the Brain
The three emotions –lust,
attractionand attachment–act in
concert with one another and with
other bodily systems and can act
independently as well.
A2019

35. Sexual Orientation
•Adolescence is a time of transition
for the person and the parents.
•(SO) is a lasting pattern of romantic
or sexual attractionto persons of
the opposite sex, the same sex, or to
both sexes.
•(SO) also refers to a person’s sense
of identitybased on those
attractions, related behaviors, and
membership in a community of
others who share those attractions
(APA).
A2019

36. Sexual Orientation
•Basic identity labels
Heterosexual–physically, romantically,
and emotionally attracted to individuals
of a gender other than his own.
Homosexual–one who is physically,
romantically, and emotionally attracted
to individuals of the same sex.
•Lesbian (women attracted to women)
•Gay men (men attracted to men)
Other Categories
•Bisexual (men or women attracted to
both sexes)
•Asexual (people with no desire for sex)
A2019

37. Sexual Orientation
•No one knows what is the
cause of heterosexuality,
homosexuality, bisexuality,
asexuality.
•The Royal College of
Psychiatrists (2007) claimed
that there is no substantive
evidenceto support the notion
that the nature of parenting or
early childhood experiences
plays any rolein the formation
of a person’s SO.
A2019

38. Sexual Orientation
•It appears that SO is biological in
nature, determined by a complex
interplay of genetic factors and the
early uterine(mother’s uterus)
environment.
•The hormonal theory of sexuality
holds that hormonal exposure also
influences the social orientation that
emerges later in the adult.
A2019

39. Sexual Orientation
•The internet has influenced sexual
orientation in two (2) ways. It is
common mode of discussion in the
subject of sexual orientation and
sexual identity and, therefore,
shapes popular beliefs. And it allows
anonymous fulfillmentof sexual
partners as well as facilitates
communication among a greater
number of people.
A2019

40. Sexually Transmitted Infections
•STI or Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs) are infectionsthat
are passedfrom one person to
another through sexual contact,
including vaginal, anal, and oralsex.
•Some are also spread through non-
sexualmeansvia blood or non-
blood products.
•There are also those transmitted
from mother to child during
pregnancy and childbirth.
A2019

41. Source: https://www.invitra.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/how-can-stds-be-spread-780x332.png.webp

42. Sexually Transmitted Infections
•A person can have STI without
having obvious symptoms of the
disease/infection.
•Common symptoms of STI include
vaginal discharge, urethral discharge
or burningin men, genital ulcers,
abdominal pain.
•STDs caused by bacteria, yeast or
parasites can be treated by
Antibiotics.
•No curefor STDs caused by virus
but medicines can help to control
symptoms.
A2019
Source: https://www.invitra.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/common-symptoms-of-stds-780x332.png.webp

43. Risk Factors for STDs
Source: https://www.invitra.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/risk-factors-ets-2048x870.png

44. Sexually Transmitted Infections
•STIslike herpes and syphilis can
increase the risk of HIV (human
immune deficiency virus).
•HIV can be found in semen, blood,
vaginaland rectal fluid, and breast
milk.
•HIV can be transmitted through
blood-to-blood contact, sexual
contact, childbirth, breastfeeding,
the sharing of equipment to inject
drugs such as needles and syringes.
•Needs to be treated because it can
progress to stage 3 -AIDS.
A2019
Source: https://images.everydayhealth.com/images/seo-graphic-content-initiative/how-hiv-infection-affects-the-
body.png?sfvrsn=c6001eba_3

45. Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases
Source:
https://www.google.com/imgres?q=sexually%20transmitted%20diseas
es&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemcmedical.com%2Fwp -
content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F02%2F65 -
415.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemcmedical.com%2Fpro
duct%2Fsexually-transmitted-
diseases%2F&docid=9Mc1aP3POKwFzM&tbnid=X2WK0iQKaBOYrM
&vet=12ahUKEwin27f72dOIAxXVhlYBHXr5FzcQM3oECHkQAA..i&w=
500&h=705&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwin27f72dOIAxXVhlYBHXr5FzcQM
3oECHkQAA

46. Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases
Source: https://cdn.ymaws.com/npwh.org/resource/resmgr/her/std-
factsheet_r4.jpg

47. Some Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
a) Genital Herpes
•herpes simplex virus (HSV).
•Affects skin, cervix, genitals, etc.
•Easily transmitted through direct
contact.
•Symptoms: blisters on the external
genital area, rectum, thighs, and
buttocks, vaginal discharge, pain on
urinating, feverand cold sores
around the mouth.
A2019
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/SOA-Herpes-genitalis-female.jpg

48. Some Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
b) Syphilis
•Caused by bacteria,
transmitted by sexual
contact.
•Pregnant women can
pass on this STD to her
baby that can result in
stillbirth, or serious
congenital deformation.
A2019
Source: https://www.nejm.org/cms/asset/e3264aaa-cbbd-46ed-96c3-a05009d8cf94/nejmra1901593_f1.jpg

49. Some Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
c) Chlamydia
•Caused by bacterium chlamydia
trachomatis. Most common
bacterial STD.
•A person who does not receive
treatment for chlamydia may have
pelvic pain, painful sexual
intercourse, and bleedingbetween
periods.
A2019
https://images.everydayhealth.com/images/seo-graphic-content-initiative/eh-how-chlamydia-affects-the-body-seo-
graphic.png

50. Some Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
d) Gonorrhea
•also caused by a bacterium that usually
attacks the mucous membranes.
•Bacterium thrives in warm and moist
cavities of the body like the vagina,
penis, mouth, rectum, o eyes.
•Pregnant woman can pass this
infection to infant during childbirth. If
left untreated, females may develop
pelvic inflammatory diseases. Males
may develop inflammationin prostate
gland, urethra or epididymis.
A2019
Source: https://media-us.amboss.com/media/thumbs/big_6454d79218c9a6.49927856.jpg

51. Sexually Transmitted Infections &
Diseases
PREVENTION
•Counseling and behavioral
interventions.
•Sex education
•Safer risk reduction
•Condom use and promotion
•Adolescent counseling
•Abstaining from sexual contact –
vaginal, anal, or oral.
•Taking birth-control pills.
•Being monogamous.
A2019
Image Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/9138-sexually-transmitted-infections

52. Source:
https://www.who.int/images/def
ault-source/infographics/self-
care-interventions/self-care-
srh.jpg?sfvrsn=f5108e1f_7

53. Teenage Pregnancy
•AKA adolescent pregnancy (Fems
under 20).
•For healthy females, 12-13yrs. its
possible to be pregnant.
•TP linked to lack of education and
information about reproduction, peer
pressure, and early engagement in
sexual activity, media, rebellious…
•TP usually comes from families of
low socio-economic status –linked
to low level of family connectedness,
no strong role models.
A2019
Image Source: https://oi-files-cng-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/philippines.oxfam.org/s3fs-public/2_4.jpg

54. Teenage Pregnancy
•Teen mothers are very likely to drop
out of schoolbecause of low
ambitions and dedication to getting
education.
•Teen mothers become unemployed
often forcedto rely on their families.
•Teen mothers maybe subjected to
violenceand unable to develop a
complete sense of identity because
of their new role.
A2019
Image Source: https://www.worldvision.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/W310-0917-006.jpg

55. Teenage Pregnancy
•In another light, some factors
increase the likelihood of making
these teens become more suitable
for parenthood.
•They can gain strength through support
of parents and favorable social support
of peers.
•Trustworthy adults to confide with are
important.
•Teen mothers need to be supported for
their children to grow up having a
positive self-image, unconditional love,
and support. Communication is key.
A2019
Image Source: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2023/10/28/260169.jpg

56. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
•The problem of overpopulation
plagues the Philippines.
•The Responsible Parenthood
and Reproductive Health Act of
2012 was passed to address
the issue.
•Guarantees the methods and
information on universal access
to birth control and maternal
care.
A2019
Image Source: https://www.rappler.com/tachyon/2021/12/divisoria-christmas-shopping-december-24-2021-001.jpg

57. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
•RH Law allows usage of
contraception methods.
•Other elements include:
•Family planning and info services
•Maternal, infant and child health.
•Prevention of abortion…
•Prevention & management of
RTIs and STIs
•Elimination of violence against
women and children, gender-
based violence
A2019
Image Source: https://www.rappler.com/tachyon/2022/12/TL-RH-Law-first-step-not-last-December-16-2022.jpg

58. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
•Contraceptives are essential in
the RH Law.
•Contraceptives are products
used by male and females to
prevent pregnancy.
•Natural and Artificial Methods
A2019
Image Source: https://www.tanner.org/upload/blogs/470/images/Contraceptives-784x488_202309060947069657.png

59. Image Source: https://www.your-
life.com/sites/g/files/vrxlpx48201/files/2023-
04/EN_%20Short-Acting%20Methods.jpg

60. Image Source: https://wellbeing.uw.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2019/07/Artboard-1-1-
1024x768.png

61. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Natural Methods
a)Abstinence
•refraining from sexual
intercourse.
•Most effective.
•Most difficult.
A2018

62. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Natural Methods
b) Calendar Method
•AKA rhythm method
•No sex on fertile days
•Women likely to conceive 3 or 4
days beforeand 3 or 4 days
after ovulation.
•Partners should accurately
monitor the monthly cycle.
A2018

63. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Natural Methods
c) Coitus Interruptus/Withdrawal
•One of the oldest methods.
•The man withdraws his penis
the moment he ejaculates
during sex to emit the
spermatozoa outside of the
female reproductive organ.
•Disadvantage: pre-ejaculation
fluid that contains a few
spermatozoa that may cause
fertilization. A2018

64. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
a)Oral Contraceptives
•AKA birth control pills
•Contain synthetic estrogenand
progesterone.
•Estrogen suppresses the Follicle
Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and
LH to prevent ovulation.
•Woman take the first pill on the
first Sunday after the beginning of
a menstrual flow, or as soon as
prescribed by Doctor.
A2018
Image Source: https://harvardpublichealth.org/wp-
content/uploads/2022/08/HarvardPublicHealth_Contraception_BirthControl_PostRoe_1200v.jpg

65. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
b) Transdermal Patch
•Contains both estrogen and
progesterone.
•Woman should apply one patch
every weekfor 3 weekson: upper
outer arm, upper torso, abdomen,
or buttocks.
•4
th
week –no patch is applied
because the mens. will occur.
•Area where the patch is applied
should be clean, dry, and free of
irritation.
A2018
Image Source: https://blog.uvahealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/transdermal-patch-766x559.jpg

66. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
c) Vaginal Ring
•Releasesthe combination of
estrogenand progesteroneand
it surrounds the cervix.
•This silicon ring is insertedinto
the female RO. and remains
there for 3 weeksand then
removed on the 4
th
week, as
menstrual flow would occur.
The woman becomes fertile as
soon as ring is removed. A2018
Image Source: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSU-27glf_li3GYlTQ-
rEOv54YmHrpWzFE4N0NlD0YFzOSFA1zv2mwztNhuC0aXBzaEeuU&usqp=CAU

67. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
d) Subdermal Implants
•2 rod-like implants inserted
under the skinof the female
during her menses or on the
seventh day of her mensto
make sure she will not get
pregnant.
•Implants are made with
etonogestrel, desogestrel, and
progestin and can be helpful for
three to five years. A2018
Image Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-
consumer/images/2013/08/26/10/21/my01007_im04287_mcdc7_implanonthu_jpg.jpg

68. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
e) Hormonal Injections
•A hormonal injection contains
medroxyprogesterone, and
progesterone.
•Usually given once every 12
weeksintramuscularly. The
injection causes changes in the
endometrium and cervical
mucus to help prevent
ovulation.
A2018
Image Source: https://www.harlemunited.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/progesterone-shots.jpg

69. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
f) Intrauterine Device
•AKA IUD
•Small T-shaped object containing
progesterone that is inserted into
the uterus via the femalRO.
•Prevents fertilization by creating a
local sterile inflammatory
condition to prevent implantation
of the zygote.
•Fitted only with the assistance of
Physician after mens.
•Can be effective for 5-7yrs.
A2018
Image Source: https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSYDpbcjReo6Uh3dsg82bAVJChTka98zn_iHan8dr0DOR -
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70. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
g) Chemical barriers
•Spermicides, vaginal gels &
creamsand glycerin films are
used to cause the death of
spermsbefore they can enter
the cervix and to lower the pH
level of the female RO so it will
not become conducive for the
sperm.
•These chem barriers cannot
prevent STIs. A2018
Image Source: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/barriermethod-200215181331/85/Barrier-methods-for-
Contraception-17-320.jpg

71. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
h) Cervical Cap
•Made of soft rubber and fitted
on the rim of the cervix.
•It is shaped like a thimble with a
thin rim, and could stay in place
for not more than 48 hours.
A2018
Image Source: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/10335.jpg

72. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
i)Male condoms
•Latex or synthetic rubber sheath
that is placed on the erect male
RO before penetration into the
female RO to trap the sperm
during ejaculation.
•Can prevent STIs and can be
bought over-the-counter.
•Ideal fail rate: 2%, typical fail rate
15%due to a break in the sheath’s
integrity or spilling of semen.
A2018
Image Source: https://www.malecontraceptive.org/uploads/1/3/1/9/131958006/overview-condoms-of-different-
brands_orig.jpeg

73. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
j) Female condoms
•Made up of latex rubber
sheaths that are pre-lubricated
with spermicide.
•Usually bound by 2 rings.
•Outer ring is inserted against
the opening of the female RO
and the inner ring covers the
cervix. It is used to prevent
fertilization of the egg by the
sperm cells. A2018
Image Source: https://i.cdn.newsbytesapp.com/images/l158_5501534673171.jpg

74. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
k) Surgical methods
•Vasectomy –small incision
made on each side of the
scrotum.
•Vas deferens is then tied,
cauterized, cut, or plugged to
block the passage of the spern.
•Patient still advised to use a
back up contraceptive method
until 2 negative sperm count
results are recorded. A2018
Image Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-
consumer/images/2013/08/26/10/23/my00483_im03711_m7_vasectomy2thu_jpg.jpg

75. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
Artificial Methods
k) Surgical methods
•Tubal ligation –performed
after menstruation and before
ovulation.
•Done through small incision
under the woman’s umbilicus
that targets the fallopian tube
for cutting, cauterizing, or
blocking to inhibit the passage
of both the sperm and the ova.
A2018
Image Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/4933-tubal-ligation

76. The Reproductive Health Law and
Methods of Contraception
•Artificial and natural methods
are effective when used
correctly.
•With incorrect use, unprotected
intercourse takes place which
gives way to pregnancy.
A2018
Image Source: https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Family-Planning.jpg

77. a)Discussed concepts related to the sexual self,
b)Described the development of primary and secondary
characteristics of sex,
c)Discussed the operations of the reproductive system,
d)Elucidated about sexual pleasures and erogenous zones,
e)Illuminated about the human sexual response cycle and the
chemistries of intimacy or “Love”,
f)Familiarize about sexually transmitted diseases and their
prevention, reproductive health as well as methods of
contraception.
A2018

78. A2018