20240118 ISSIP_Collab_PSU v1 AI Digital Twins.pptx

ISSIP_AI_Collab (Academic-Industry Collaboration Lab)
PSU_Spring_2024_Team
Topic: AI Digital Twins of People

TITLE: DIGITAL TWINS FOR PEOPLE IN BUSINESS AND SOCIETAL ROLES

Students
Bryn Goldman (https://www.linkedin.com/in/bryn-goldman-penn-state/)
Natalie Grim (https://www.linkedin.com/in/natalie-grim/)
Gonzalo Rambla (https://www.linkedin.com/in/gonzalo-rambla/)
Clare Relihan (https://www.linkedin.com/in/clarerelihan/)
Shakeb Siddiqui (https://www.linkedin.com/in/shakeb-siddiqui/)

Advisors
Prof. Vittal Prabhu - PSU I&SE (https://www.linkedin.com/in/vittalprabhu/)
Anshul Balamwar - Doctoral Candidate (https://www.linkedin.com/in/anshul-balamwar/)
Toni Rae - SAP, Alumni Coach (https://www.linkedin.com/in/tonirae/)

Client
Jim Spohrer - ISSIP (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)

ISSIP YouTube Recording: https://youtu.be/YGWCji0WAzA

PSU Learning Factory Recording : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i28yoQjc560

GitHub: https://github.com/Shakeb100/IISSIP-DigitalTwins

ISSIP Slideshare Presentation: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/20240425-psu-issip-spr-24-final-presentationpptx/267538622

ISSIP Slideshare Whitepaper: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/20240425-psuspring2024-aidigitaltwins-aicollab-white-paperpdf/267538710

ISSIP Publications Whitepaper: https://issip.org/learning-center/white-paper/

ISSIP Kickoff Presentation: TBD

ISSIP Blog Post: TBD

1. ISSIP AI Collab PSU: Digital Twins January 18, 2024 (revised Jan 21) Project Description ISSIP would like to explore the creation of digital twins to help ISSIP volunteers be more productive and able to have high quality interactions with more ISSIP community members. …. Penn State University Learning Factory Capstone program and students to the rescue!

2. Team Team Members Email LinkedIn Role/Organization Bryn Goldman [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ bryn - goldman - penn -state/ Student Team Lead/PSU IE Natalie Grim [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ natalie -grim/ Student Team Lead/PSU IE Gonzalo Rambla [email protected]> https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ gonzalo -rambla/ Student Team Member/PSU IE Clare Relihan [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ clarerelihan / Student Team Member/PSU IE Shakeb Siddiqui [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ shakeb-siddiqui / Student Team Member/PSU CS Jim Spohrer [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ spohrer / Sponsor-Client/ ISSIP.org Anshul Balamwar [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ anshul-balamwar / Grad Student Advisor/PSUI IE Toni Rae [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ tonirae / PSU Alumni Advisor/ Vittal Prabhu [email protected] https:// www.linkedin.com /in/ vittalprabhu / Faculty Advisor/PSU IE To Contact Client - Jim Spohrer - best: email ( [email protected] ) & Slack ( https:// issip-digitaltwins.slack.com ) For urgent matters that need within 24 hour response - text 408-829-3112

3. Schedule Week Date Goal Comments 1 Jan-11 Introductions – Hobbies – Sprint1 We learn more when we have fun, both individually and as a team 2 Jan-18 HeyGen – Schedule – Sprint2 Understand schedule and importance of digital twins to ISSIP 3 Jan-25 Charter - Each section answers a key question about this project 4 Feb-1 Anthropic - paper talk summary Auto-generate panel speaker’s position statements based on a paper 5 Feb-8 O*Net (Note: Jim in Czech Republic) 6 Feb-15 O*Net Three professions and how digital twins may impact 7 Feb-22 Simulation Tool (Prof. Prabhu) Understand simulation versus digital twin differences 8 Feb-29 Simulation Tool (Prof. Prabhu) 9 Mar-7 ISSIP Whitepaper Include “digital twin” use case for ISSIP website 10 Mar-14 ISSIP Whitepaper How-to for digital twins for ISSIP Ambassador Panel – workflow, harms 11 Mar-21 Final Prep - 12 Mar-28 Final Rehearsal - 13 Apr-4 Final Presentation & Material URLs 14 Apr-11 Celebration – ISSIP Digital Cred ISSIP Blog Post –highlighting the work with ISSIP digitial credentials to team

4. WK2-Jan-18: Explore HeyGen (Sprint 1) Team Member Comments Bryn Goldman Rocking Natalie Grim Pronunciatoin Gonzalo Rambla Clare Relihan Voice off Shakeb Siddiqui Jim Spohrer Found Influencer to follow Anshul Balamwar Toni Rae Vittal Prabhu

5. WK3- Jan 25 – DRAFT Charter Charter Sections/Questions What is an overview of the project and anticipated timeline? What are the final objectives of the project? What are the key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics used to track progress? What is the project's scope? What is included, and what is not? Can you summarize the 2023 students' progress and any ongoing tasks that need to be completed? What technology, software, and tools will be utilized during the process? What is the target audience for the final solution? What core concepts should we research to improve our understanding of the issue? What types of tangible final products would you hope to see? Is there a particular platform/space we will be able to use to test our solutions? Team Member Comments Bryn Goldman Natalie Grim Gonzalo Rambla Clare Relihan Shakeb Siddiqui Jim Spohrer Draft answer to questions Anshul Balamwar Toni Rae Vittal Prabhu Example Charter on Slack: Fall 2023 PSU Team Charter

6. Short Q&A Charter Contents & Key Questions Executive Summary What is an overview of the project and anticipated timeline? See the slides in the presentation deck - especially see slide entitled - "Client Description of General Challenge" Table of Contents 1. Introduction What is the project's scope? What is included, and what is not? The tools to build early stage AI digital twins are appearing, so the project's scope is about experiments, sprints, and writing up experiences and results. Not in scope is producing a final AI digital twin of a person that can perform all the scenarios that will be explored. Gap analysis will be important to describe items out of scope. Can you summarize the 2023 students' progress and any ongoing tasks that need to be completed? Yes, see the ISSIP blog post, and click on the PSU students links. URL: https:// issip.org /2023-collab-generative-ai-and-historic-service-innovations/ Also review the example, Charter document.

7. Short Q&A (continued) 2. Problem Statement What is the target audience for the final solution? ISSIP community members to understand AI digital twins, and how to use them to accomplish ISSIP activities, such as ISSIP Ambassador panels on a topic. What technology, software, and tools will be utilized during the process? GitHub, HeyGen.com , Anthropic Claude, a simulation tool, mand other generative AI tools - as relevant. 3. Project Objectives Help the ISSIP community explore AI digital twins, with applications to ISSIP activities – such as Ambassador panels. 4. Project Management Approach 4.1 Statement of Work What are the key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics used to track progress? Weekly results review (30 minute zoom) to cement learnings and keep focused on the final whitepaper and service innovation case. 4.2 Schedule The total time is only about 12 weeks, so a rough schedule is proposed in the presentation - consisting of a series of sprints.

8. Short Q&A (continued) 5. Benefits What are the final objectives of the project? The content for the ISSIP website can include a whitepaper and a service innovation case, with pointers to AI digital twins for people, their capabilities, benefits, limitations and potential harms. The students should learn about the ISSIP community and how generative AI can help ISSIP volunteers be more productive and produce results of higher quality for other community members. The students should increase their AI knowledge, have fun, create something of importance to them and the client - the ISSIP community. 6. Deliverables What types of tangible final products would you hope to see? (a) A white paper for the ISSIP website (b) A service innovation case study for the ISSIP website (c) Prototype AI digital twins of the students

9. Short Q&A (continued) 7. Team Capabilities What core concepts should we research to improve our understanding of the issue? The student team will understand better what an AI Digital Twin of a person as a service innovation with implications for ISSIP community as well as the broader USA economy (O*NET) and society, the capabilities, the benefits, the potential harms. HeyGen.com tool takes short video and creates a talking clone. Anthropic Chaude takes an article or paper and then can summarize it, and do a kind of Q&A. Digital twins of people have beneficial uses to explore. Easier for ISSIP to create a 30 minute panel on a topic from ISSIP Ambassador experts. Digital twins of people have potential harms. Identity theft and fake information. Digital twins used by professionals can have broad implications for economic productivity and quality in service offerings. Digital twins are similar to, but different from simulation tools, and this will be understood and explored by the student team as well - to help explain to the ISSIP community. Is there a particular platform/space we will be able to use to test our solutions? Yes, results can be posted to GitHub and ISSIP community website, not just for HeyGen and Anthropic Claude deliverables, but for other rapidly evolving tools the student team may want to experiment with.

10. Short Q&A (continued) 8. Budget Narrative Because ISSIP is a non-profit with limited budget, the focus will be on as near zero-budget as possible, using free tools where possible, and noting cost where relevant for expanded or future projects. References (if any) Appendices (if any)

11. Read Wakefield (2020) enough to understand what a ”digital twin” of you might be like in the future decades with very advanced AI capabilities. Also see Rouse (2018; 2022) ”Life with a Cognitive Assistant.” National Academy - Service Systems and AI 11 AI Tools in coming decades… 1/31/24

12. 1/31/24 The International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP.org) 12

13. Client Description of General Challenge Digital Twins for People in Business and Societal Roles Client: ISSIP.org is a non-profit professional association for "Service Innovation Professions" from students to mid-career to retirees. ISSIP has over 1500 members, including 400 companies and universities in over 40 countries. Service is defined as the application of resources (e.g., for the benefit of another). Innovations positively (win-win) change stakeholder interactions at micro, meso , and macro scales in business and society - and inevitably create new capabilities, benefits and potential harms for stakeholders. Professionals in ISSIP are lifelong-learners who strive for problem-solving depth and communications breadth (T-shaped). Problem: How can we build a digital twin of ourselves? Should we, can we, may we, will we? Context: Previously, PSU Learning Factory students helped ISSIP in 2023 by developing a playbook for using generative AI to create historical service innovation cases, including essay, images, videos, and html webpage layouts of elements, and also including ethical AI usage citations. As a next step after this successful project, ISSIP would like to explore the creation of digital twins to help ISSIP volunteers be more productive and able to have high quality interactions with more ISSIP community members. To do this, we would like PSU Learning Factory students to build digital twins of themselves and evaluate the pros and cons, from a capabilities, benefits, and harms - service innovation perspective. This project will require the students to become familiar with O*NET and the distinction between an occupation and the ever evolving set of tasks and tools associated with an occupation. ISSIP would like to highlight student and other members efforts in building digital twins of themselves as service innovation case studies for the ISSIP website. Reference: Wakefield J (2022) Why you may have a thinking digital twin within a decade. BBC News Online. URL: https:// www.bbc.com /news/business-61742884 O*NET (2023) Detailed descriptions of the world of work. URL: https:// www.onetonline.org

14. PSU IE Courses that may be related IE 327: Introduction to Work Design (3 Credits) Job analysis, cognitive and physical considerations in design of work, work measurement. I E 327 Introduction to Work Design (3)Introduction to Work Design is a first level junior course required for all the baccalaureate students in the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. It will be offered in fall and spring semesters. It exposes students to the basic introductory tools required for analyzing and designing both the job and the worksite in a cost-effective manner, as well as measuring the resulting output. These tools include human information processing, basic auditory and visual displays, anthropometry and musculoskeletal principles, cumulative trauma disorders, work measurement and stopwatch time study. Students taking this course should be familiar with the basic concepts of cost. IE 453: Simulation Modeling for Decision Support (3 Credits) Introduction of concepts of simulation modeling and analysis, with application to manufacturing and production systems. I E 453 Simulation Modeling for Decision Support (3)Simulation Modeling for Decision Suppor tis a senior level course offered in the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. It is the third course in operations research offered to the undergraduate students. The objective of this course is for students to learn to appropriately apply discrete event simulation modeling for decision support in IE problems through developing skills in model building, simulation output analysis, and communication of technical information and conclusions drawn from data analysis.Students taking this course should be familiar with computer programming and operations research techniques.

15. Example ISSIP Use Case: Ask Jim Spohrer’s “digital twins” of ISSIP Ambassadors to give a five minute talk about a service system innovation topic – such as sustainability. Ask the “actual ambassador” to have their “digital twin” check the talks, offer suggestions, and approve/ decine usage.

16. Rough Schedule (DRAFT) Weeks 1-4 Yes, a first sprint is to build a digital twin of themselves - that has generative AI capabilities - so tasks such as give a talk on a topic, summarize a document, generate a paper, etc. with some background from the student (videos of talks they have previously given, papers they have previously summarized and written, etc.). Their digital twin will be in the role of tool, assistant, collaborator, coach, and/or mediator (trusted someday). Week 5-6 Second sprint take three O*NET professions (at random?) - which two occupations are most similair and which one is most different, and analyze each task to see which digital twin (tool, assistant, collaborator, coach, mediator) can and cannot help much with. Week 7-8 Third sprint, use a simulation tool as part of completing a task with the help of a digital twin for an entity in a job role. Week 9-12 Fourth and final use all that is learned to review ISSIP.org roles and responsibilities and provide recommendations on where digital twins of people, where simulations, and where other tools might help ISSIP operate more efficiently and at higher quality.

17. Optimistic Realistic Knowing Doing How to keep up with accelerating change? Follow a diverse collection of people… make up dimensions meaningful to you! Sadly for me… my brain is biased into thinking I can understand older, white, males the best… maybe AI can help overcome!

18. 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 $1,000,000,000,000 (Trillion) $1,000,000 (Million) $1,000,000,000 (Billion) $1,000 (Thousand) $1 Gigascale (10 9 ) Terascale (10 12 ) Petascale (10 15 ) Exascale (10 18 ) Zettascale (10 21 ) Yottascale (10 24 ) Ronnascale (10 27 ) GDP/Employee Trend Estimating Knowledge Worker Productivity Based on USA Historical Data Year Value 1960 $10K 1980 $33K 2000 $78K 2020. $151K 2023 $169K Kiloscale (10 3 ) Megascale (10 6 ) Cost of computation goes down by 1000x every 20 years (left to right diagonals), driving knowledge worker productivity up.

19. Domain of Science - The Map of Quantum Computing - Quantum Computing Explained https:// youtu.be /- UlxHPIEVqA

20. IA Progression – Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator 1/31/24 Jim Spohrer (ISSIP) 21 Rouse & Spohrer (2018) Siddike , Spohrer, Demirkan, Kodha (2018) Araya (2018) Spohrer& Siddike (2018)

21. Some paths to becoming 64x smarter: Improving learning and performance 2x from Learning sciences (methods) Better models of concepts Better models of learners 2x from Learning technology (tools) Guided learning paths Elimination (?) of “ thrashing ” 2x from Quantity effect (overlaps) More you know, faster (?) you go Advanced organizers 2x from Lifelong learning (time) Longer lives and longer careers Keeps “ learning-mode ” activated 2x from Early learning (time) Start earlier: Challenged-based approach STEM-2D in K-12 (SSME+DAPP Design of Smart Service Systems) 2x from Cognitive systems (performance support) Technology & Infrastructure Interactions Organizations & Others Interactions

22. 23 How responsible entities (service systems) learn and change over time History and future of Run-Transform-Innovate investment choices Diverse Types Persons (Individuals) Families Regional Entities Universities Hospitals Cities States/Provinces Nations Other Enterprises Businesses Non-profits Learning & Change Run = use existing knowledge or standard practices (use) Transform = adopt a new best practice (copy) Innovate = create a new best practice (invent) Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Transform Innovate Invest in each type of change Ru n Spohrer J, Golinelli GM, Piciocchi P, Bassano C (2010) An integrated SS-VSA analysis of changing job roles. Service Science . 2010 Jun;2(1-2):1-20. March JG (1991)  Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization science. 1991 Feb;2(1):71-87. URL: exploit explore

23. Service Systems Engineering in the Human-Centered AI Era 24 Knowledge Value Data Science Engineering Policy Investing in Skills for Diverse Systems to Sustainably Serve People and Planet in the AI Era Management S ervice S cience M anagement E ngineering Many disciplines Many sectors Many regions/cultures (understanding & communications ) Deep in one sector Deep in one region / culture Deep in one discipline T -Shaped Skills Depth and Breadth People-centered Data-intensive +Design-Arts- Public-Policy

24. Concluding Remarks: Two Books 1/31/24 Jim Spohrer (ISSIP.org) 25

25. Backup Slides Put additional slides for future use in this section at end of deck

26. WK4- Test Text Team Member Comments Bryn Goldman Natalie Grim Gonzalo Rambla Clare Relihan Shakeb Siddiqui Jim Spohrer Found Influencer to follow Anshul Balamwar Toni Rae Vittal Prabhu

27. Last Semester’s work helping ISSIP PSU Fall 2023: Help ISSIP volunteers use generative AI tools to create historic service innovation cases (e.g., airplane, automobile, etc.) Kick-off slides and link to results Results link(s): https:// issip.org /2023-collab-generative-ai-and-historic-service-innovations/

28. ISSIP_Collab_PSU : Fall 2023 Project: Generative AI Playbook & Workflow Analysis Client: The International Society of Service Innovation Professional ( ISSIP.org ) Problem: New ISSIP community members need to better understand what ‘service innovation’ means through case examples. New ISSIP student volunteers would like to ethically use generative AI to build exemplar historic ‘service innovation’ cases to (1) explain what “service innovation” means, (2) learn to use generative AI to create videos, images (benefits, harms), essays, html webpages to improve the ISSIP website, and (3) showcase their AI skills to prospective ISSIP Collab employers and partners. Solution: TBD Team GitHub (cases, playbook, tool choice guide) John Pekor , Team Lead Industrial Engineering Graduation Date: December 2023 Abigail Moliski Industrial Engineering Graduation Date: May 2024 Shiquan (“Scott”) Zhang Computer Science Graduation Date: May 2024 Ahmad Alhabib Computer Science Graduation Date: December 2023

29. ISSIP Playbook & WFA Project Requirements Content Type Cases Tools Workflow Measures Stakeholders (Benefits & Harms) Paragraph (Essay) E.g., plow, cities, automobiles, etc. OpenAI ChatGPT, Anthropic Claude, Google Bard (can also create prompts for other content below) Work stages and sub-steps (baseline vs with tools-prompts) Productivity (Baseline vs with Tools), Quality (How to judge?), Errors (Severe, Minor) ISSIP Student Volunteers Generating Content, Industry Members, Academic Measure, Overall Volunteer Engagement Picture DALL-E, Midjourney Video Runway, Synthesia ($22.50 per month) Webpage OpenAI ChatGPT, Anthropic Claude, Google Bard Minimum Viable Playbook & WFA Product: Cases (3), Tools(4, one for each type of content), Workflow (steps-without- GenAI -tool, Steps-with-prompts-with- GenAI - tooll ), Measures (time, errors), Stakeholders (ask genAI to create stakeholder benefits and harms) Recommendations: (1) Quick sprint on first case, do in a week. (2) Quick sprint on second case, do in a week, (3) Summarize learnings to date and take time on third case to create a quality playbook and WFA.

30. What are the biggest innovation cases in human history? <<< list your favorite innovation – and then think about the service system that it is part of – what people, what skills, what tools, what organizations, what government institutions? >>> OpenAI DALL-E Prompt: A picture of fire, the wheel, electricity, the microscope, the steam engine, the computer, gadgets, systems, and the greatest innovations in human history

31. Sprint ”warm up exercise” Open three tabs in your browser (you may have to login, if first time using…) Chatgpt.openai.com Bard.google.com Claude.anthropic.com Type in the following prompt into each generative AI tool: "Please create a table that lists the following innovations in column 1: Plow, Cities, Writing, Standard Measures, Written Laws, Money, Compound Interest, Compass, Universities, Clock, Steam Engine, Constitutional Government, Universal Education, Lightbulbs, Automobile, Installment Payment Plans,, Credit Cards, Online Trust (e.g., eBay reputation system), Ride sharing, Room sharing. Please also include a second column with the approximate year of invention. Please add a third column with the major benefit of the innovation. Please add a fourth column with any harms created or enabled by the innovation.” Note: With generative AI, sometimes it is better to build the table one column at a time. This allows the LLM to have incrementally helpful context for biasing the probabilities during generation.

32. Example Results ChatGPT_OpenAI Bard_Google Claude_Anthropic

33. Next ask the tool to generate HTML for the table Prompt “Please generate HTML for a webpage displaying the full table.” Note: Did the tools generate the full table, or only part of the table? ChatGPT_OpenAI Bard_Google Claude_Anthropic

34. Partial Examples on ISSIP Website https://issip.org (scroll down) What is missing? Content - Video - Website/3 examples Workflow - how long? - prompts? - errors? Playbook - how can volunteers learn to do this content generation well? Contact: Michele Carroll, ISSIP Executive Director (redesigning ISSIP website)

35. What has ISSIP done with generative AI to begin to catalogue historic service innovations? Contact: Prof. Terri Griffith, Simon Frasier University (ISSIP past President 2022) Finding the right AI Tools Example Service Innovations Cities, Standard Measures, Writing, Written Laws, Money, Universities, Constitutional Government, Universal Education, Compound Interest, Installment Payment Plans, Credit Cards, Online Trust (e.g., eBay reputation system), Ride sharing, Room sharing, Steam Engine. (Plow, Automobile, many others) Tools ChatGPT, Bing, YouChat , ChatSonic ISSIP document with example prompt (“describe a service innovation”) and unverified output text https:// docs.google.com /spreadsheets/d/1ph0hoo_EGFXGkrBq_FNMOhkQeaFD9Z0AL1IKsodf3cM/ edit#gid =0

36. How to learn about generative AI? Follow influencers on Substack and YouTube Positive – Ethan Mollick ( Upenn ) https:// www.oneusefulthing.org /p/how-to-use-ai-to-do-stuff-an-opinionated Negative – Gary Marcus (NYU) https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/the-rise-and-fall-of-chatgpt Find your own as well, Jim can give many, many examples including Terri Griffith (Past ISSIP President 2022 – see previous slides) See speaker notes of this slide for more See slideshare.net /Spohrer presentations for more How to learn about service and service innovation? Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg (2022) Service in the AI Era (please skim pages 45-54). short, abstract, high-level book “Service in the AI Era” IE Perspective ( Vittal Prabhu (PSU), Richard Larson (MIT)) CS Perspective - digital service offerings (cloud), technology-mediated service offerings (smartphone)

37. Any Questions? Deliverables? Weekly Plan? Good to have a shared online place to have weekly updates No site visit – ISSIP is virtual organization But let Jim Spohrer know know if you visit Bay Area Each person’s role/assignments?

38. Did these questions get answered well enough? John: “Is the main output of the project going to be content such as photos or videos?” John: “Is the standard playbook and workflow analysis going to be similar to a set of instructions to follow to get a desired output?” Shiquan : ” How will the generative AI playbook address the selection and comparison of AI tools for content generation, and what criteria will be considered to ensure the quality and productivity of the output?” Shiquan : “Who is the primary target audience for the generative AI playbook? Or how the playbook will cater to the diverse needs of ISSIP's audience?” Abby: “Are there any specific challenges or pain points the company wants to address through this project?” Abby: “Based on your experience, are there any key tips or suggestions you could share for organizing the generative AI playbook effectively? Our goal is to craft a playbook that's both user-friendly and consistent with the company's established structure. Ahmad: “Is there a reference that can be drawn from in ISSIP’s previous work ?”

39. Historical Perspective Emerging technologies scale up capabilities (quickly) New business models scale up benefits (quickly) Institutional arrangements scale down harms (slowly) Technology Example Companies Safety Regulatory Bodies (Founded) Stakeholder Harms Stakeholder Benefits Firearms Smith & Wesson ATF (1886) Armed criminals Defense Boilers Babcock & Wilcox NBBPVI (1911) Boiler explosions Railroads, steam-powered factories, building heating, etc. Radio & TV RCA, NBC FCC (1934) Misinformation News, entertainment Drugs Bayer FDA (1938) Addiction Save lives, reduce pain Airplanes Boeing, PanAm FAA (1958) Pandemic, Weapons Faster Transportation Automobiles Ford NHTSA (1966) Accidents, Pollution Faster Transportation Nuclear Energy Westinghouse NRC (1975) Accidents, Weapons Sustainable energy Social Media Facebook/Meta ?TBD – “Social Dilemma” GDPR beginnings Misinformation, Addiction Communications reach, staying in touch AI OpenAI , Microsoft, Google, IBM, Apple ?TBD – “A.I. Dilemma” Ban, Policy beginnings Misinformation, Wealth Concentration Boost for creativity, productivity 1/31/24 Jim Spohrer (ISSIP.org) 40

40. Jim Spohrer is a Silicon Valley-based Advisor to industry, academia, governments, startups and non-profits on topics of AI upskilling, innovation strategy, and win-win service in the AI era. Most recently with a consulting team working for a top 10 market cap global company, he contributed to a strategic plan for a globally connected AI Academy for achieving rapid , nation-scale upskilling with AI. With the US National Academy of Engineering, he co-led a 2022 workshop on “Service Systems Engineering in the Era of Human-Centered AI” to improve well-being. Jim is a retired IBM Executive since July 2021, and previously directed IBM’s open-source Artificial Intelligence developer ecosystem effort, was CTO IBM Venture Capital Group, co-founded IBM Almaden Service Research, and led IBM Global University Programs. In the 1990’s at Apple Computer, as a Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technologist, he was executive lead on next generation learning platforms.  In the 1970’s, after his MIT BS in Physics, he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon) before receiving his Yale PhD in Computer Science/AI. In 1989, prior to joining Apple, he was a visiting scholar at the University of Rome, La Sapienza advising doctoral students working on AI and Education dissertations. With over ninety publications and nine patents, he received the Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline award , Gummesson Service Research award, Vargo and Lusch Service-Dominant Logic award, Daniel Berg Service Systems award, and a PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. Jim was elected and previously served as Linux Foundation AI & Data Technical Advisory Board Chairperson and ONNX Steering Committee Member (2020-2021). Today, he is a UIDP Senior Fellow for contributions to industry-university collaborations, and a member of the Board of Directors of the International Society of Service Innovation (ISSIP) and ServCollab . Jim Spohrer , Advisor Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM) UIDP Senior Fellow Board of Directors, ServCollab Board of Directors, ISSIP.org Changemaker Priorities Service Innovation Upskilling with AI Future Universities Geothermal Energy Poverty Reduction Regional Development Competitive Parity Technologies AI & Robotics Digital Twins Open Source AR/VR/XR Geothermal Learning Platforms