23 DISASTER MANAGEMENT.ppt

.

1. Dr Rajesh Kulkarni
Assistant Professor
Dept of Community Medicine

2. Introduction
Problem Statement
Types of Disasters
Effects of disasters
Disaster Cycle
Concepts of Management
Disaster Management in INDIA

3. Disastershaveexistedeversincetheexistence
ofmankind
Globallyandlocallythedamageanddestruction
duetodisastersisontherise
Disasters are complex phenomenon with
multiple causes and consequences
India is one of the most disaster prone country
in the world.

8. World Health Organization
“Any occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life or
deterioration of health and health services on a
scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community
or area.”

9. Phenomenon thathasthepotentialtocause
disruptionordamage topeopleandtheir
environment

10. Earthquakes
Cyclones
Floods
Tidalwaves
Landslides
Volcaniceruptions
Tornadoes
Fires
Hurricanes
Snow storms
Air pollutions (SMOG)
Heat waves
Famines
Epidemics
Building collapses
Toxicologic accidents
Nuclear accidents
Warfaers

11. 1.Injuries
2.Emotionalstress
3.Diseaseepidemics
4.Increaseinindigenouscases

12. Death
Severeinjuriesrequiringextensive
treatment
Increasedriskofcommunicable
diseases
Damagetohealthfacilities
Damagetowatersystems
Foodshortage
Majorpopulationmovements

13. Disaster Cycle
Disaster Impact
Response
Relief
Rehabilitation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Disaster Cycle

14. 1.Disasterresponse
2.Disasterpreparedness
3.Disastermitigation

15. Risk reduction phase
before a disaster Disaster
impact
Preparedness
Response
mitigation Rehabilitation
reconstruction
Recovery phase after
a disaster

17. Canbedividedinto:
1.Searchandrescue
2.FirstAID
3.Triage
4.Stabilizationofvictims
5.Hospitaltreatment
6.Redistributionofpatientsintoother
hospitals

18. Fieldcare
FirstAIDandrescue
Provisionsforfoodandshelter
Victimsidentification
Adequatemortuaryspace

19. Not“Firstcomefirsttreated”
Consistsofrapidlyclassifyingthe
injuredonthebasisoftheseverity
oftheirinjuriesandlikelihoodof
theirsurvivalwithpromptmedical
intervention.
Highpriority-whoseimmediate
andlongtermprognosisisgood

20. Lowpriority–moribund,require
greatattention,questionablebenefit.
Carriedoutatthesiteofdisaster-
localhealthworkershouldbetrained
Minorormoderateinjuriestreatedat
home
Seriouslyinjured–hospitals

21. Red–highpriorityfortreatmentor
transfer
Yellow–mediumpriority
Green–ambulatorypatients
Black–deadormoribundpatients

22. Name
Age
Origin
Triage category
Diagnosis
Initial treatment

23. Respecttodeadisimportant
Deadbodiescontaminatewells,
streams–causegastroenteritis,food
poisoning
Careofthedeadinclude
1.Removal
2.Shiftingtomortuary
3.Identification
4.Receptionofbereavedrelatives

24. Determinedby
1.Typeofdisaster
2.Typeofsupplyavailable
Treatingcasualtiesandpreventing
spreadofcommunicablediseases
Rapiddamageassessmentisneeded

25. 1.Acquisitionofsupplies–includefood
blankets,clothings,shelter,sanitary
engineeringsupplies,constructural
material
2.Transportation
3.Storage
4.Distribution

30. 1.Overcrowding&poorsanitation–A.R.I.
2.Populationmovements–Comm.Diseases.
3.Disruptionandcontaminationofwater
suppliesanddamagetosewerageand
powersystems
4.Disruptionofroutinecontrolprogrammes
5.Increasedvectorpopulationdensity
6.Zoonosis(leptospirosisduringfloods)
7.Foodandwatermaybenewsourceof
infectiousdiseases.

32. 1.Soonimplement publichealth
measures
2.Organizediseasereportingsystems
3.Investigaterapidlyalldisease
outbreaks

33. W.H.O.does not recommend
vaccinationagainsttyphoid,cholerafor
routineuseinendemicareas–reasons
1.Multidosevaccines–poorcompliance
2.Notyetproveneffectiveasapublic
healthmeasureonalargescale
3.Requiresalotofmanpower
4.Sterilization–impossible
5.Falsesenseofsecurity

34. Vaccinationsarerecommended for
healthworkers
Routinevaccinationagainsttetanus
beforethedisaster
Injuredpersons–boosterinjections

35. 1.Assesingfoodsupplies
2.Guagingnutritionalneeds
3.Calculatingdailyfoodrations
4.Monitoringnutritionalstatus

36. Restorationofpredisasterconditions
Shiftfromcasualtytoprimaryhealth
careapproachafterafewweeks
Prioritiesshiftfromhealthcareto
environmentalhealthconditions

37. Microbiological contamination –
chlorination(RES.CHLO.0.7mg/L)
Chemical
Protectionmeasures
1.Restrictpeopleandanimals-fence
andguard
2.Safeexcreatadisposal–Ata
distance

38. 3.Animalprohibitbathing,washing,
animalhusbandryupstream
4.Upgradewells
5.Estimatemaximumyieldofwells–
rationthewatersupply,
Trucksandtankers–fitness

39. 2.Foodsafety–Kitchensanitation.
3.Basicsanitationandpersonalhygiene
–sanitarydisposalofhumanexcreta.
4.Vectorcontrolmosquitoes–malaria
rats(leptospirosisandratbitefever)
liceandFleas(Typhus)Fleas(Plague).

44. AIM–toreducethevulnerabilityofthe
system
Appropriatelanduseplanning
Floodmitigationworks
Improvedbuildingcodes
Reductionorprotectionofvulnerable
populationandstructures

45. Improvingstructuralqualityofhouses
–reducemedicalcasualties
Ensuringthesafetyofhealthservices
includingwatersupplyandsewerage
systems.
Mitigationcomplements –disaster
responseanddisasterpreparedness
activities.

46. Aprogramme oflongterm
developmentactivitieswhosegoals
aretostrengthentheoverallcapacity
andcapabilityofacountrytomanage
efficientlyalltypesofemergencyand
bringaboutandorderlytransition
fromreliefthroughrecovery,andback
tosustaineddevelopment.

47. Objective–toensurethatappropriate
systems,proceduresandresources
areinplacetoprovideeffective
assistancetodisastervictims,thus
facilitatingreliefmeasures and
rehabilitationofservices.

48. 1.Evaluateriskofaregulations
2.Adoptstandardsandregulations
3.Organizecommunicationinformationand
warning
4.Ensure coordinationand response
mechanisms
5.Ensurefinancialresources
6.Developpubliceducationprog.
7.Coordinatewithnewsmedia
8.Organizedisastersimulationexercises
thattestresponsemechanisms

49. 1.Membersarethemosttoloseormostto
gainfrompreparedness
2.Firsttorespondisfromthecommunity
3.Capabilityofresourcemanagementisbest
atthecommunity
4.Sustaineddevelopmentisbestachievedby
thecommunitiestodesign,manageand
implement aninternalandexternal
assistanceprogramme.

50. Suddendisasters
1.BhopalGastragedy–Dec3,1984
MethylIsocyanate–3000died
2.Chernobylreactor–April26,1986
Insidiousdisasters
1.Nuclearandchemicalplants
2.Global warming-greenhouse effects
depletionofozoneduetochlorofluro
hydrocarbons
3.Warsandcivilconflictsworldtradecenter
–6000peopledied.

51. Primaryprevention–fires,
explosions,crasheschemicaland
radiationexposures–chemical
plantsshouldbeawayfromcities
Appropriateenggmeasureslike
containmentoftoxicmaterials
Preventionofnuclearwarslike
disarmament

52. WHO day health theme 1991
Should Disaster Strike ----Be prepared
1991 –2000 was National Disaster
Reduction Decade
National Disaster Reduction Day ---2
nd
Wednesday of October

53. All disasters are emergencies
Not all emergencies are necessary to be
converted to disasters

54. 1.In disaster management, under colour code
system, red colour indicates
a) Medium priority for treatment or transfer
b) Ambulatory Patients
c) High Priority for treatment or transfer
d) Dead or moribund patients

55. Key : c

Reference : Title of the Book : Park’s Text
Book of P & SM

 Author : K. Park Edition : 19
th
Page No.: 651

56. 2.Measures designed either to prevent
disaster from causingemergency or to lessen
the likely effects of emergencies is known as
a) Disaster reconstruction
b) Disaster rehabilitation
c) Disaster Preparedness
d) Disaster Mitigation

57. Key : d

Reference : Title of the Book : Park’s Text
Book of P & SM


 Author : K. Park Edition : 19
th
Page No.: 653

58. 3.Which day, every year, is designated as
“World Disaster Reduction Day”
a) Second Wednesday of October
b) Third Thursday of January
c) First Friday of April
d) Fourth Monday of June

59. Key: a

Reference: Title of the Book : Park’s Text
Book of P & SM


 Author: K. Park Edition : 19
th
Page No.: 657


60. 4.Which is the nodal ministry for co-
ordination of all activities during a disaster
a) Ministry of Health
b) Ministry of Agriculture
c) Ministry of Family Welfare
d) Ministry of Human Resource Development

61. Key : b

Reference : Title of the Book : Park’s Text
Book of P & SM


 Author : K. Park Edition : 19
th
Page No.: 657


62. 5.All are natural disasters EXCEPT
a) Explosions
b) Floods
c) Volcanic Eruptions
d) Avalanches

63. Key : a
Reference : Title of the Book : Park’s Text
Book of P & SM
Author : K. Park Edition : 19
th
Page No.: 651

64. Jugal Kishore, National Programmes in India,
2005, 7th Edition
K Park, Textbook of Preventive and Social
Medicine, 2005, 19th Edition, Bahanrasidas
Bhanhot
http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/ accessed on28/7/12
http://southasianfloods.icimod.org/viewcontent.
accessed on28/7/12
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/do
cuments/apcity/unpan009388.pdf accessed on28/7/12