230500185900604729 aviation engineering.pptx

Aviation systems for engineering

1. Transponder By Imran Guliyev

2. Transponder

3. Mode A, C, S and Ident Civil aircraft may be equipped with transponders capable of operating in different modes: Mode A equipment transmits an identifying code only. Mode C equipment enables the ATCO to see the aircraft altitude or flight level automatically. Mode S equipment has altitude capability and also permits data exchange. Mode C or S equipment is a mandatory requirement for many busy areas of controlled airspace. Transponders have an “Ident” facility which causes the aircraft radar response to stand out when the pilot operates the Ident switch in the cockpit. This should only be operated upon ATC request.

4. Legal Requirements Regulation (EU) No 1207/2011 requires that all flights operating as general air traffic in accordance with instrument flight rules within the EU are equipped with mode S transponders. Transponder Use in ATM Transponders are used in ATM for various purposes, the most notable of them being: Aircraft identification; Enhancing the controllers' situational awareness; Development of ATC tools and safety nets (e.g. AMAN, MTCD, STCA, etc.).

5. Transponders and ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) operation requires that both aircraft - the interrogator and the target - are equipped with operating transponders. An aircraft equipped with ACAS will receive the following information depending on the type of transponder with which the target aircraft is equipped:

6. Mode S in its basic form has been standardised by ICAO for many years. It employs ground-based interrogators and airborne transponders and operates in the same radio frequencies (1030/1090 MHz) as conventional SSR systems with which it is backwards compatible. Mode S has been deployed because the historical SSR systems have reached the limit of their operational capability. This takes the form of exceeded maximum number of targets, RF pollution, lost targets, identity errors and Mode A code shortage. Mode S is therefore an essential development for both SSR and the new ATM processes which will be essential in airspace subject to high levels of traffic density or absence of ATC radar coverage. There are five sources of RF pollution: Acquisition Squitter Extended Squitter Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) transactions Self-generated Second Time Around Replies Replies from other Radar Interrogations