3.3 C-Alkaloids-Atropine-Quinine-Reserpine-Caffeine.pptx

Alkaloids-Atropine-Quinine-Reserpine-Caffeine

1. B.PHARM. 5 th SEMESTER PHARMACOGNOSY ANDPHYTOCHEMISTRY-II BP504T. UNIT-III Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents Alkaloids : Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine , Caffeine

2. ALKALOIDS

3. HISTORY OF ALKALOIDS:

4. What is alkaloid ? STRUCUTE OF ALKALOID

5. Examples

6. PROPERTIES OF ALKALOIDS:

7. CLASSIFICATION: TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION:

8. PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

9. BIOSYNTHETIC CLASSIFICATION

10. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION

11. A) True alkaloids Sr. no. Type Structure Examples 1. Pyrrole and pyrrolidine N H N H e.g. Hygrine, coca species 2. Pyiridine and piperidine N N H e.g. Arecoline, anabasine, lobeline, conine, trigonelline 3. Pyrrolizidine N e.g. Echimidine, senecionine, seneciphylline 4. Tropane N e.g. Atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine, cocaine, pseudopelletirine 5. Quinoline N e.g. Quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cupreine, camptothecine 6. Isoquinoline N e.g.Morphine, codeine, emetine, cephaline, narcotine, narceine, d- tubocurarine

12. 7 Indole N H e.g. Erotamine, ergotametriene, reserpine, vincristine, vinblastine, strychnine, brucine 8 Imidazole N N H e.g. Pilocrpine, isopilocarpine, pilosine 9 Norlupinane N e.g. Cystisine, laburinine 10 Aporphine (reduced isoquinoline napthalene) N e.g. Boldine

13. B) PROTO ALKALOID 1. Alkyalamine Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine HO NH 1. Purine N N N HN e.g. Caffeine, thophylline, theobromine 2. Steroidal e.g. Solanidine, conessine, protoveratrine 3. Diterpene C 20 H 32 e.g. Aconitine, aconine, hypoaconine C) PSEUDO ALKALOID

14. ISOLATION OF ALKALOID :

15. ISOLATION OF ALKALOID :

16. QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL TEST:

17. Atropine

18. Atropine Biological source: Atropine is a tropane alkaloid obtained from the fresh or dried leaves and flowering tops of Atropa belladonna , Datura stramonium (Not less than 0.25%) and Hyoscyamus niger (Not less than 0.05%). Family – Solanaceae

19. Atropine

20. Atropine

21. Atropine

22. Atropine

23. Atropine

24. Quinine

25. Background & Historical Perspectives

26. Quinine

27. Effective cinchona alkaloids against malaria EFFECTIVE CINCHONA Cinchonine Quinidine Cinchonidine Quinine

28. Properties of quinine

29. OVERVIEW OF QUININE ▶ Distribution in our body. ▶ Treatment for uncomplicated malaria. ▶ Lower cure rate. ▶ Higher cure rate ( sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine , tetracycline or clindamycin). 2010 World health Organization 2009 by 31 African countries Quinine+ Doxycycline+ Tetracycline (2 nd line treatment) Quinine (2 nd line treatment)

30. Isolation: Quinine

31. Quinine

32. Quinine

33. Quinine

34. Reserpine

35. Reserpine Biological source: Reserpine is an indole alkaloid obtained from the dried roots of Atropa belladonna, Rauwolfia serpentine. Family: Apocynaceae . Sarpagandha contains not less than 0.15% of reserpine and ajmalcine

36. Isolation

37. Isolation

38. Reserpine

39. Reserpine

40. Mode of Action

41. Therapeutic application: Essential hypertension Mild anxiety Dyskinesia Psychosis symptoms Maintenance dose: 100 to 250 mg (once a day) Side effects: Nasal congestion Nausia Vomiting Gastric intolerance Gastric ulceration diarrhoeia

42. Reserpine Storage condition: It should be store in well closed and air-tight containers protected from light and in cool place.

43. Caffeine Thea sinensis (Tea leaves)

44. Caffeine Biological source: Caffeine is a purine alkaloid obtained from Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, cocoa, and other species. It is chemically 1,3,7 , trimethyl xanthine which is isolated from tea and coffee seeds during decaffeination process. It is obtained from the prepared leaves and leaf buds of Thea sinensis . Family: Theaceae and Dried ripe seeds of Coffea Arabica, C . liberica , Family: Rubiceae . Tea leaves contains 1-4% of caffeine and coffee contains 1- 2% of caffeine.

45. Isolation: Caffeine

46. Caffeine

47. Caffeine Analysis by TLC Sample preparation : 1mg of Caffeine is dissolved in 1ml of methanol or chloroform Standard sample : Caffeine Stationary phase : Silica gel-G Mobile phase : Ethyl acetate: methanol: acetic acid ( 80:10:10) Detecting agent : Expose to vapors of iodine RF Value : 0.41 Color spot : Brown spot [4, 5] Analysis by HPLC Method : Isocratic Stationary phase : C18 column Mobile phase : Methanol: Water (25:75) Detection : UV-Visible detection 254nm

48. Caffeine Utilization: Caffeine is a CNS stimulant and Diuretic. It is used in beverage. Storage condition: It should be store in well closed and air-tight containers protected from light and in cool place.