3_BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS.pptx

BEEE

1. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION PLACEMENT TRAINING SESSION 3

2. DEFINITION - AUTOMATION T he technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically. T he creation and application of technology to monitor and control the production and delivery of products and services, where human input is minimized.

3. BLOCKS OF AUTOMATION INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT FEEDBACK

4. BLOCKS OF AUTOMATION INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT FEEDBACK OPEN LOOP SYSTEM

5. BLOCKS OF AUTOMATION INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT FEEDBACK

6. BLOCKS OF AUTOMATION INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT FEEDBACK CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM

7. INPUT

8. INPUT

9. OUTPUTS

10. OUTPUT

11. Automated Valve control system

12. INPUT - TRANSDUCERS

13. OUTPUT - ACTUATORS An actuator is a device that produces a motion by converting energy and signals going into the system. The motion it produces can be either rotary or linear.

14. TODAY SESSION PLAN Basics of Electrical Engineering Basic Panel Components Relay Wiring Contactor Wiring

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18. IRRIGATION S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

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23. ELECTRIC POWER S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

24. ELECTRIC POWER S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

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26. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE SENDING AREA

27. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE RECEIVING AREA

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30. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE CONNECTION

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33. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT N Ph L

34. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

35. SINGLE AND MULTI STRAND WIRES S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

36. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE SYMBOL COMPONENT SWITCH LIGHT L S L

37. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ELECTRIC SUPPLY LAMP Ph N S Ph N

38. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE BATTERY LED

39. DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE DC AND AC

40. DC AND AC POWER S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

41. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT N Ph

42. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

43. DC AND AC S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

44. DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE DC AND AC

45. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)

46. Iron Box Mixer Grinder Table-Top Grinder S.DHAMODHARAN, AP/EEE

47. AC ONLY, 6 A 240 V AC S.DHAMODHARAN, AP/EEE

48. CHARGER S.DHAMODHARAN, AP/EEE

49. Mobile Charger Laptop Charger S.DHAMODHARAN, AP/EEE

50. Mobile Laptop S.DHAMODHARAN, AP/EEE DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

51. AC ADAPTER A device for connecting an equipment that cannot be connected directly Other common names AC/DC adapter, AC/DC Converter, Line power adapter, Charger. S.DHAMODHARAN, AP/EEE

52. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT N Ph

53. WORKING S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

54. WORKING S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

55. VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER VOLTAGE   is the force from an electrical circuit's power source, that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating a light. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

56. VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER VOLTAGE  is the force from an electrical circuit's power source, that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating a light. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

57. VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER An electric  CURRENT  is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE Electron

58. VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER An electric  CURRENT  is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

59. VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER The rate at which the work is being done in an electrical circuit is called an  ELECTRIC POWER . S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE  

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63. DEMONSTRATION – “DON’T TRY THIS AT HOME” S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

64. SEMICONDUCTOR PROPERTIES Electrical resistivity and its inverse, Electrical conductivity , is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how strongly it resists or conducts electric current.  1. Resistivity: 2. Conductivity: S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

65. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE Potential of the Rider Current available players The quantity that is used to indicate the resistance is called Resistivity Resistivity The electrical  resistance  of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current.

66. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE Potential of the Rider Current available players Resistivity (V, Voltage) (I, Current  ) (Resistor) V = Potential across A & B I = Current through A or B

67. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE Conductivity  is the measure of an electric charge or heat that can pass through a material. Potential of the Rider Current available players Conductivity   siemens per metre (or) mho

68. HOW IT IS MADE ??? S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

69. Resistor Speed breakers are commonly used to reduce speeds

70. OHM’s LAW Ohm's law states that the CURRENT THROUGH a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the VOLTAGE ACROSS the two points with the CONSTANT of proportionality, the RESISTANCE. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

71. OHM’s LAW Ohm's law states that the CURRENT THROUGH a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the VOLTAGE ACROSS the two points with the CONSTANT of proportionality, the RESISTANCE. S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

72. RESISTOR COLOUR TABLE S.Dhamodharan, AP/EEE

73. 74 Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms Resistance

74. Variable Resistor

75. 1 K ohm 56 K ohm 10 K ohm

76. Finding Resistance

77. Voltage Divider

78. ELECTRIC MOTOR Centre For Engineering Exploration 81

79. Centre For Engineering Exploration 82

80. ELECTRIC MOTOR IN OUR DAILY LIFE Centre For Engineering Exploration 83

81. ELECTRIC MOTOR – WORKING An electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Centre For Engineering Exploration 84

82. AC MOTOR An AC motor is an electric motor driven by Alternating Current. Centre For Engineering Exploration 85

83. AC MOTOR Most of the robots are powered with DC supply through battery. Since electronic components use DC, it is more convenient to have DC Motor. AC motors are mainly used in industrial environments where very high torque is required, or where the motors are connected to the mains. Centre For Engineering Exploration 86

84. DC MOTOR DC motor stands for direct current motor. A machine that converts DC power into mechanical energy is called as DC motor. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a mechanical force. Centre For Engineering Exploration 87

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86. TYPES OF MOTOR FOR ROBOTICS Centre For Engineering Exploration 89

87. DC GEAR MOTOR It has a gear assembly attached to the motor.  It increases the torque and reduce the speed. Using the correct combination of gears, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure. This concept where gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction.  Centre For Engineering Exploration 90

88. DC GEAR MOTOR Centre For Engineering Exploration 91

89. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR These are actually 3 Φ AC motors. Electronic Speed Control (ESC) is used to control the speed. ECS create a 3 Φ AC power output of limited voltage from an onboard DC power input. Centre For Engineering Exploration 92

90. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR – APPLICATION Centre For Engineering Exploration 93

91. DC SERVO MOTOR To rotate an object at some specific angles or distance. We can get a very high torque servo motor in a small and light weight packages.  The position of a servo motor is decided by electrical pulse and its circuitry is placed beside the motor. Centre For Engineering Exploration 94

92. SERVO MOTOR Centre For Engineering Exploration 95

93. DC STEP MOTOR It is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements.  When electrical command pulses are applied in the proper sequence, motor rotates in discrete step increments. Used widely in position control. Centre For Engineering Exploration 96

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95. LINEAR DC MOTOR A linear motor is an electric motor that has had its stator and rotor "unrolled" thus instead of producing a torque (rotation) it produces a linear force along its length. Centre For Engineering Exploration 98

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97. SELECTION OF MOTOR 1. Torque Centre For Engineering Exploration 100

98. SELECTION OF MOTOR 2. Speed Centre For Engineering Exploration 101

99. SELECTION OF MOTOR 3. Precision and Accuracy Centre For Engineering Exploration 102

100. SELECTION OF MOTOR Centre For Engineering Exploration 103

101. CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

102. ELECTRIC BATTERY A device capable to store and deliver DC voltage. CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

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106. CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

107. SELECTION OF BATTERY CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

108. THE CASE OF YOUR CIRCUIT… CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

109. CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

110. BATTERY POWER RATINGS Battery Type Capacity ( mAh ) Typical Drain (mA) D 13000 200 C 6000 100 AA 2400 50 AAA 1000 10 N 650 10 9 Volt 500 15 6 Volt Lantern 11000 300 CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

111. CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY, Center of Engineering Exploration, SIET, Coimbatore

112. SELECTION OF BATTERY Centre For Engineering Exploration 115

113. BATTERY CAPACITY A battery's capacity determines roughly how long a battery will last at a specific voltage given a specific discharge rate. For example, if you choose a 12V, 2Ah (2000mAh) battery pack, The battery should be able to run a 12V motor consuming 2A continuously for 1 hour. Alternatively, it can run a 12V motor consuming 1A for 2 hours, or A 12V motor consuming 0.5A for 4 hours. The rule of thumb is to divide the capacity by the current under normal load to get the time the motor will last. Centre For Engineering Exploration 116

114. BATTERY DISCHARGE CAPACITY You selected four 12V motors for your 4Wheel Drive outdoor mobile robot. Each motor consumes 1A under normal load, and more in the case of a slope. You decide to choose a 12V, 2Ah NiMh battery pack, not caring about the continuous discharge rate. You discover that your robot stops when it encounters even the slightest obstacle or incline. Why? Answer: Centre For Engineering Exploration 117

115. BATTERY DISCHARGE CAPACITY You selected four 12V motors for your 4Wheel Drive outdoor mobile robot. Each motor consumes 1A under normal load, and more in the case of a slope. You decide to choose a 12V, 2Ah NiMh battery pack, not caring about the continuous discharge rate. You discover that your robot stops when it encounters even the slightest obstacle or incline. Why? Answer: In this case operating all four motors consumes ~4A while an NiMh pack can only discharge at about 1.2 times the capacity (1.2 x 2Ah = 2.4A). The current draw from the motors is therefore higher than the battery can provide. Centre For Engineering Exploration 118

116. BASICS OF POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS