#3 Biodiversity and Evolution Final.pptx

Sunny E. Amar, LPT Hello! Grade 9 Students

F o r e s t

BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY

Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html LESSON OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, successful learners are expected to: 1. Define Biodiversity. 2. Explain the three levels of Biodiversity 3. Recognize the importance of Biodiversity in our daily life.

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity is the variety of life. “ Bio” means “ Life” and “Diversity” means “Variety”.

What are the three levels of Biodiversity?

Species Diversity Genetic Diversity Ecosystem Diversity

What is species diversity?

Species Diversity refers to the species richness and evenness of the species abundance .

What does species richness mean?

Species Richness tells the number of species in an ecosystem, if a community has more species, it is said to be more diverse.

What does evenness of species abundance mean?

Evenness of the species abundance refers to the number of individuals of a particular species in a community, if the abundance of species is even, it is more diverse.

What is Genetic Diversity?

Genetic Diversity refers to the genetic information and/or inherited traits that organisms contain.

What is Ecosystem Diversity?

Ecosystem Diversity refers to the different kinds of places where organisms live and the interconnections that bind these organisms.

What is the Importance of Biodiversity in our daily life?

Materials such as food, fuels and fibers Regulating climate, wastes and pollination Supporting processes such as water purification and nutrient cycling Opportunities for enjoyment of the beautiful outdoors

QUIZ

Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html ____1. Which of the following best define Biodiversity? A. Biodiversity is coined from the word’s biological diversity. B. Biodiversity is the variety of life. C. Bio means “life” and diversity means “variety”. D. All of the above.

Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html 2. What does Genetic diversity mean? A. It is genetic information that organisms contain. B. It is the different kinds of places where organisms live and the interconnections that bind these organisms. C. It refers to the number of individuals of a particular species in a community, if the abundance of species is even, it is more diverse. D. It refers to the species richness and evenness of the species abundance.

Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html ____ 3. What does Genetic diversity mean? A. It is genetic information that organisms contain. B. It tells the number of species in an ecosystem, if a community has more species, it is said to be more diverse. C. It refers to the number of individuals of a particular species in a community, if the abundance of species is even, it is more diverse. D. It refers to the species richness and evenness of the species abundance.

____4. What is species diversity? A. Species diversity refers to the species richness and evenness of the species abundance. B. It refers to the number of individuals of a particular species in a community, if the abundance of species is even, it is more diverse. C. It is genetic information that organisms contain. D. None of these. Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html

Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html ____ 5. What is the importance of Biodiversity in our daily life? A. Support materials such as food, fuels and fibers. B. Do not give opportunities for enjoyment of the beautiful outdoors. C. It does not help regulating climate, wastes and pollination. D. It does not support processes such as water purification and nutrient cycling.

ASSIGNMENT

Download more flow charts here https://poweredtemplate.com/ppt-powerpoint-flow-charts/0/index.html Performance Task #2: “Create a SLOGAN about Biodiversity”

Criteria 5 pts. 4 pts. 3 pts. 1 pt. Quality Very attractive in terms of neatness, well-constructed and not messy. Attractive in terms of neatness, good construction and not very messy. Acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy. Distractingly messy. Creativity Uniquely creative, lots of thought and effort was used to make the slogan. Creative and has a good amount of thought was put into decorating it. Creative and some thought was put into decorating it. Does not reflect any degree of creativity. Uniqueness Uniquely use of new ideas and originality to create slogan Good use of new ideas and originality to create slogan. Average use of new ideas and originality to create slogan. No use of new ideas and originality

All parts of the ecosystem are interacting with one another. If one of its components experienced changes and it doesn’t adapt to its new environment or situation it may probably die and lessen in numbers.

Population It is a group of living things within a certain area that are all of the same species Several Different Populations may be found in the community.

Communities Communities with many different species ( a high index of diversity ) will be able to withstand environmental changes better than communities with only few species ( a low index of diversity )

Biodiversity index Biodiversity Index is a scale of the diversity of plant and animal species in a given area. It is a widely used tool for estimating the complexity, stability, and thus general health of an ecosystem.

Biodiversity index It is expressed with the equation of:

LIMITING FACTORS Anything that limits the size of a population like certain environmental conditions. Limiting Factors keep population from: Increasing in size and Help balance an ecosystem Examples of Limiting Factors: Availability of food 4. Light Temperature Water and 5. Soil Nutrients Living conditions

Carrying Capacity The maximum population size an environment can support is called CARRYING CAPACITY If the population size rises above the carrying capacity, organism die because they cannot meet all their needs.

Endangered but not Extinct When species, population becomes so low that only few remain, the species is considered ENDANGERED will possibly extinct. In the Philippines, some Terrestrial species like: 1. Tamaraw in Mondoro

2. Mouse Deer in Palawan

3. Philippine Deer

4. Monkey-eating eagle, and some

Aquatic species like; 1. Dugong(manatee) found in Negros, Batangas, and Leyte are in danger of EXTINCTION

Threatened There's a particular species that declines so fast that it becomes endangered and it is said to be threatened. Ex. A study conducted by field biologists on population size and distribution of Philippine fauna, they reported that as of 1991, 89 species of birds 44 species of mammals & 8 species of reptiles These include also the Philippine Eagle or Monkey-eating Eagle Are internationally threatened

EXTINCTION Is the disappearance of a species when the last of its members die. Cause: Changes to habitats, due to increasing population Natural vegetation in the area has been cleared. Concrete structures and other organisms gradually take over the area. Some areas were destroyed by natural disasters or by human activities.

Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Water Pollution A major problem in lakes, rivers and ponds is EUTROPHICATION – is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates ) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant, life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. it happens when the concentration of organic nutrients that comes from domestic garbage and thrown in bodies of water, increases rapidly.

Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Deforestation one of the country`s environmental problems is the rapid rate at which trees are cut down. in the Philippines, the major causes of deforestation are: 1. Kaingin Farming 2. Illegal Logging 3. Conversion of agricultural lands to housing projects 4. Forest Fires 5. Typhoons

As a consequence of cutting down trees, the following effects are: Soil erosion Floods Decrease in wildlife resources that will eventually lead to extinction Wildlife Depletion, deforestation is one of the major causes of the disappearance of wildlife species.

Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Effect on Water Pollution: mass death of fish (fish kill) usually happens when there`s an increase in concentration of organic nutrients in bodies of water this condition causes algal bloom and growth of aquatic plants. When the algae die, they sink to the bottom and the process of decomposition proceeds. This process uses up oxygen and as a result, aquatic animals die due to lack of oxygen . PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) one class of dangerous chemicals present in water, toxic waste produced in the making of paints, inks and electrical insulators fish are unable to excrete PCB on their bodies

EUTROPHICATION

Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Air Pollution cars are the one of the major contributors to air pollution. Pollutants can enter the air as gases, liquids or solids. Cars burn fuel and produce harmful gases : carbon dioxide nitrogen oxides & hydrocarbons

Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Greenhouse Effect It is the natural process of warming the Earth. It is a process of trapping of heat by gases in the Earth`s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket over the Earth, holding in the heat that would otherwise radiate back into space. But as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, greenhouse effect also intensifies this will lead to Global Warming . Global Warming It is an increase in the earth`s temperature from the rapid buildup of CO2 and other gases. This in turn, could change the world climate patterns – CLIMATE CHANGE

Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Destruction of Coastal Resources Coral reefs and Coastal mangrove forest in the Philippines serve as breeding grounds and nurseries of marine fishes. But due to man`s activities, coastal areas are getting destroyed these activities include: deforestation, agricultural activities, and mining activities dynamite fishing and muro-ami coastal areas` conversion to beach resorts, and residential houses overharvesting

Destruction of Coral Reefs Dynamite Fishing Damaged mangrove areas

Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Acid Precipitation It is commonly known as acid rain. Rainwater is normally acidic, because carbon dioxide is normally present. Other pollutants, mostly sulfur and nitrogen oxides , make rainwater even more acidic, with pH of 5.6 or lower Acid Rain, can be harmful to living things. It causes yellowing of leaves of trees and cause leaves to fall. Nutrients can be lost from the soil.

Human Activities and Overpopulation Have cost the most of the environmental problems nowadays. People are beginning to realize that the way they interact with the environment must change to ensure the survival of all living things. This is one of the big challenge to maintain resources needed for survival while ensuring that they will still be available in the future. This is a practice called SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Means that the rate at which society uses renewable resources does not exceed the rate at which the resources are generated.

THANK YOU!!!!

PERFORMANCE TASK #3: FULL OF SPACE Direction: Study the five patterns of population distribution in Figure 1. Count the total number for each population and record the data in the table below. After that, calculate the density of each population using the equation below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

What is Evolution?

Evolution means that all living things on Earth are descended from a common ancestor. The great diversity of organisms is the result of more than 3.5 billion years of evolution that has filled every available niche with life forms. The millions of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live on Earth today are related by descent from common ancestors.

The concepts of common descent and natural selection were first proposed by Charles Darwin in his famous book, The Origin of Species in 1859

Evidence for Evolution comes from different sources and various disciplines: Fossils Biogeography The Law of Superposition Artificial Selection Vestigial Organs: The evolutionary legacy we carry within our own bodies Similarities: Comparative Anatomy Overwhelming Genetic Evidence (not available in Darwin’s time)

Geologists constructed a timetable of the earth’s history which is called geologic timescale. Geologic timescale is a timetable of the earth’s history. In this scale, the earth’s history is divided into major divisions called eras.

The Three major Division of Geologic Timescale: A. Paleozoic era (prehistoric life) – the existence of marine invertebrates; the development of marine life. B. Mesozoic era (middle life) – the existence of largest creatures. C. Cenozoic era (recent life) – the existence of warm-blooded animals

Thank You with a

#3 Biodiversity and Evolution Final.pptx

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