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1. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 1 Surface preparation. Classification of leveling mixtures. Irina and Koževnikova

2. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 2 1.1 General information. Construction mortar is an artificial stone material obtained by hardening a properly selected mixture of binder, water, fine aggregate (sand) and, if necessary, various additives . The mixture of these materials before hardening is called a mortar mixture .

3. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 3 1.2 General information. Dry mixes are a mixture of dry components of masonry, plaster, putty or other mortar , manufactured in factory conditions, without the addition of mixing liquids.

4. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 4 2.1.1 Components of the mixture. Included in the composition Dry mixes include 4 main groups of components: inert fillers , mineral binders , special additives , polymer binders - plasticizers .

5. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 5 2.1.2 Components of the mixture. Binding agents - active components of the mixture . As a result of the reaction between them and water , a stone is formed that binds the grains of the fillers together . Types of binders : cement, gypsum, etc.

6. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 6 2.1.3 Mixture components. Additives are components that improve properties , increasing the mobility of the solution mixture, regulating setting times.

7. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 7 2.1.4 Mixture components. Fillers: do not enter into chemical combination with the binder and water, form the framework of the hardened solution, create the main volume of the mixture, save on binder consumption, reduce shrinkage .

8. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 8 2.1.5 Mixture components. To prepare fillers use: quartz natural sand , granite, limestone, marble chips .

9. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 9 2.1.6 Mixture components. In order to improve workability and elasticity plasticizers are introduced into the composition of solution mixtures .

10. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 10 2.1.7 Mixture components. As plasticizers can be applied: adhesives (polymer binders) – to impart water resistance, weather resistance and frost resistance to the dry mixture; lime – to give plasticity.

11. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 11 2.1.8 Mixture components. Mixing water ​ is not part of the SS . When mixed, it should not contain impurities that have a harmful effect on the hardening of the binder. Suitable : tap water. Can be included in ready - to-use formulations .

12. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 12 3.1.1 Classification of dry building mixtures SSS. SSS standard classified by: the binder used; the largest aggregate size; main purpose.

13. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 13 3.2.1 Classification of mixtures according to their main purpose. Leveling ; floor-standing; repair. primers, etc.

14. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 14 3.2. 2 Classification of mixtures according to their main purpose. Leveling mixtures are divided according to the method of application into: plastering; putty .

15. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 15 3.2. 3 Classification of mixtures according to their main purpose. Floor mixtures are divided into: leveling; load-bearing .

16. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 16 3.2. 4 Classification of mixtures according to their main purpose. Depending on the technology of the device, mixtures are divided into: compactable; self-sealing; grouting.

17. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 17 3.2. 5 Classification of mixtures according to their main purpose. Repair mixtures are divided into: superficial; injection.

18. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 18 3.3.1 Classification of mixtures according to the binders used. According to the binders used, mixtures are divided into: cement; gypsum; limestone; polymer; complex.

19. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 19 3.3.2 Classification of mixtures according to the binders used. Simple mixtures contain binders of the same type - cement, gypsum, lime, polymer. Complex ones contain mixed binders as a binder , the share of which is not less than 20%.

20. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 20 3.3.3 Classification of mixtures according to the binders used. The type of binder determines the curing conditions and operational properties , including the operating humidity regime, frost resistance and resistance to cyclic wetting and drying, etc.

21. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 21 3.3.4 Classification of mixtures according to the binders used. Air (building gypsum, air lime, etc.) are used in dry conditions.

22. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 22 3.3. 5 Classification of mixtures according to the binders used. Hydraulic binders (Portland cement, aluminous cement, sulfate-resistant cement) are used for mixtures operated in dry and wet conditions .

23. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 23 3.4.1 Classification of mixtures according to the largest size of fillers. According to the largest grain size of fillers (Dmax), mixtures are divided into: concrete; solution; dispersed - mixtures for thin-layer technologies with a filler size of no more than 1.25 mm.

24. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 24 3.4.2 Classification of mixtures by the largest size of aggregates. Dispersed mixtures are divided into: coarse (up to 0.63 mm), fine (up to 0.315 mm), finely dispersed (up to 0.16 mm).

25. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 25 3.4.3 Classification of mixtures by the largest size of fillers. A filler is a granular material with the largest size not exceeding Dmax <= 0.63 mm, which is used to fill dispersed mixtures.

26. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 26 3.4.4 Classification of mixtures by the largest size of fillers. Type of mixture Aggregate Filler Minimum thickness of the mortar (concrete) layer, mm Large, more than 5 mm Fine, 0-5 mm 0.315–0.63 mm 0.16–0.315 mm no more than 0.16 mm Concrete + + + + + 50.0 Solution - + + + + 15.0 Dispersed - - + + + 2.0 Finely dispersed - - - + + 1.0 Finely dispersed - - - - + 0.3

27. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 27 3.5.1 Classification of mixtures according to operating conditions. 1. Outside buildings. 2. Inside buildings : a) dry, b) damp rooms .

28. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 28 3.6.1 Classification of mixtures by degree of finishing. For rough or preliminary alignments . For thin or final alignment.

29. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 29 3.7.1 Classification of mixtures.

30. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 30 4.1.1 Leveling dry mixes. Leveling dry mixtures are used for leveling walls and ceilings. They are divided into: plastering, putty .

31. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 31 4.1.2 Leveling dry mixes. When using plaster mixtures Leveling is done by applying a layer of plaster to the surface without subsequent processing after hardening .

32. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 32 4.1.3 Leveling dry mixes. The use of putty mixtures involves leveling by sanding a previously applied layer of putty .

33. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 33 4.2 .1 Floor dry mixes. When installing floors , dry floor mixes are used : leveling , designed to level the floor base; load-bearing , intended for the installation of the final front floor covering.

34. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 34 4. 2 .2 Floor dry mixes. Floor mixtures by installation method : compacted mixtures , laid on the base with subsequent compaction (usually vibration compaction); self-leveling mixtures , which are highly mobile mixtures with a self-compacting effect, laid on a prepared base using casting technology;

35. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 35 4. 2 .3 Floor dry mixes. grouting , used only for the construction of load-bearing coatings by grouting the surface of freshly laid concrete or mortar screed with a dry mixture, as a result of which a thin 3-5 mm load-bearing coating is formed on the surface of the screed .

36. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 36 4. 3 .1 Repair mixtures. Repair mixtures are intended to restore the geometric and operational properties of concrete, reinforced concrete and stone structures .

37. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 37 4. 3 . 2 Repair mixtures. Repair mixtures are divided into: superficial , used to restore surface defects; injection - to eliminate internal defects (cracks, pores, etc.).

38. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 38 5.1.1 Advantages of dry mixes. Saving space and time that would be required for separate storage and preparation of complex compositions from many ingredients. Reduction of transportation costs – working solutions are prepared directly on site, their delivery to the construction site is not required.

39. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 39 5.1.2 Advantages of dry mixes. Losses are minimized - solutions are prepared in the volume required to perform the work. There is a guarantee of consistently high quality of solutions due to the composition being precisely dosed in factory conditions. Dry mixes are economically efficient .

40. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 40 5 . 2 .1 Application of dry mixes. Application of plaster outside and inside premises. Alignment of walls, floors and ceilings. Sealing dents, cracks and crevices when repairing concrete and other surfaces.

41. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 41 5 . 2 .2 Application of dry mixes. Filling various surfaces to prepare them for pasting or painting. Pasting or assembly of complete systems based on special adhesive compositions.

42. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 42 6 .1.1 Dry plaster mixes. They are used for preliminary leveling of surfaces . The composition includes: fillers, plasticizers and binders: Gypsum is a mixture used in interior spaces with humidity levels not exceeding 60%. Cement - mixtures used in damp rooms (more than 60%) and outside.

43. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 43 6 .2.1 Dry putty mixtures. Used for final leveling of surfaces . The composition includes: fillers, plasticizers and binders: Gypsum is a mixture used in interior spaces with humidity levels not exceeding 60 %. Cement - mixtures used in damp rooms (more than 60%) and outside.

44. 26.02.2025 Rullmaterjalide paigaldamine 44 7.1.1 Sources of additional information. http://stroy-server.ru. http://www.materialsworld.ru. http://library.stroit.ru. Bayer IN . E. ​ Materials Science For architects , restorers , designers. – M: Astrel, 2004. Zhuravlev I.P., Lapshin P.A. Plasterer. Study guide. – R.-na-Donu: Phoenix, 2004. Shirokiy G.T. Material Science in Finishing and Restoration Works. – Minsk: “Higher School”, 2010.