3D Technology useful in B.Tech. CSE.pptx

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This is especially useful for Graphics students, B.tech students,

1. ADVANCED 3D TECHNOLOGIES

2. WHAT IS 3D? In simple words, 3D is representation of any object that has length, width and height like any real world object. 3D Model displays the picture or item in a form that appears to be physically present with a designed structure.

3. HOW 3D TECHNOLOGY WORKS? In order to understand how 3D technology works, we must understand how human beings view the objects. As human beings have two eyes, and the two eyes are about 3 inches apart from each other. The distance between two eyes produce two different images of the same object and transmit this information to brain. The brain will then make difference in where distance and depth can be observed.

4. HOW 3D TECHNOLOGY WORKS? Now, human’s sight technique is applied in 3D Technology techniques. Such real view of an object can be viewed of any source that is displayed on the 2 –dimensional screen. For this 3D view, we need 3D glasses. 3D glasses are of two types: Active and Passive 3D glasses.

5. 3D GLASSES In order for you to see "depth" from a  3D TV , each eye has to see slightly different information. Ideally, the right eye doesn't see any of the information meant for the left eye, and vice versa. ACTIVE GLASSES Active 3D glasses use battery-operated shutter glasses that do as their name describes: they rapidly shutter open and closed. This, it means the information meant for your left eye is blocked from your right eye by a closed (opaque) shutter. All that's required of the TV is the capability to refresh fast enough so each eye gets at least 60 frames per second. They've been able to do this for a while. EXAMPLE: Active 3D can be found on plasma, LCD, LED LCD, and all front and rear  projectors  for the home

6. Here you can see the right eye shuttering closed. The image on screen is only intended for the left eye.

7. Here you can see the left eye shuttering closed. The image on screen is intended just for your right eye. The difference between the two screen images is what gives a perception of depth.

8. PASSIVE GLASSES Passive glasses use inexpensive polarized glasses, like what you get at most movie theaters. The TV has a special filter that polarizes each line of pixels. This filter makes the odd lines on the screen only visible to the left eye, and the even lines only visible to the right. Without the glasses, the TV looks normal. Example: Passive 3D is available on some LCD and LED LCDs.

9. Here is a passive 3D TV, viewed up close, without the glasses 

10. Now here's the same TV, but viewed through the glasses. Note the "missing" lines. This is because the camera is only viewing the TV through one lens of the passive glasses

11. 1. 3D CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY 3D Capture technology is also known as Motion Capture Technology. Motion capture is a way to digitally record human movements. CONCEPT: The recorded motion capture data is mapped on a digital model in 3D software (e.g. Maya or 3D Studio Max) so the digital character moves like the actor you recorded.

12. 3D CAPTURE PROCESS The motion capture process consists of four major stages illustrated below: 1. Recording Skeleton Fitting Model : In a typical motion capture session, the performance of standardized "gym" motion is first recorded for the skeleton fitting post-processing. 2. Marker Capturing 2D Images : According to a work plan, multiple takes of each motion are rehearsed until the artistic director is satisfied with the performance of the artist. It is important to remember that only 2D marker images are captured using dedicated hardware. So the artistic direction aesthetic evaluation can only focus on the real performer’s motion and not on the corresponding virtual character’s motion . This is the key problem of motion capture. 3. Motion Tracking: The third stage is motion tracking, to identify the performer’s motion expressed in joint angle trajectories. 4. Anatomic Conversion: The last stage is the anatomic conversion producing the virtual character’s motion while retaining the emotional perceptions by the real performer’s motion.

13. APPLICATIONS OF 3D CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES 1. ENTERTAINMENT: This technology is used in the  entertainment industry  for films and games to get more realistic human movements. A famous example of a movie with lots of motion capture technology is Avatar.

14. 2. GAMES: 3D Motion Capture Technology is also used in games. 3. TV:

15. 4. ADVERTISING : 5. MUTLIPERSON INTERACTION:

16. 6. LIVE ENTERTAINMENT:

17. 2. 3D VISUAL MODELLING 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any 3D surface of object via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model. It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called  3D Rendering  or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena. Models may be created automatically or manually. 3D MODEL : 3D models represent a 3D Object using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created by hand, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or scanned.

18. REPRESENTATION OF 3D MODELS 3D models can be divided into two categories. 1. Solid  - These models define the volume of the object they represent (like a sphere not circle). These are more realistic , but more difficult to build. Solid models are mostly used for non visual simulations such as medical and engineering simulations , for CAD and specialized visual applications such as ray tracing and constructive solid geometry.

19. 2. Shell/boundary  - These models represent the surface, e.g. the boundary of the object , not its volume (like an infinitesimally thin eggshell). These are easier to work with than solid models. Almost all visual models used in games and film are shell models.

20. APPLICATIONS OF 3D MODELS 3D Graphics : 3D Models are used in 3D Graphics. Medical Purpose : The medical industry uses detailed models of organs; these may be created with multiple 2-D image slices from an MRI or CT scan.  Movies: The movie industry uses them as characters and objects for animated and real-life motion pictures. Video Games : The video game industry uses them as assets for computer and video games. Scientific Purpose : The science sector uses them as highly detailed models of chemical compounds. Architecture Purpose:  The architecture industry uses them to demonstrate proposed buildings and landscapes through Software Architectural Models. Engineering Purpose : The engineering community uses them as designs of new devices, vehicles and structures as well as a host of other uses. Geographical Models : In recent decades the earth science community has started to construct 3D geological models as a standard practice.

21. 4. 3D INTERACTION 3D interaction  is a form of human machine interaction where users are able to move and perform interaction in 3D Space. Both human and machine process information where the physical position of elements in the 3D space is relevant.

22. 3D USER INTERFACES User Interfaces are the means for communication between users and systems. 3D interfaces include media for 3D representation of system state, and media for 3D user input or manipulation. Using 3D representations is not enough to create 3D interaction. The users must have a way of performing actions in 3D as well. To that effect, special input and output devices have been developed to support this type of interaction. 1. Input devices : Input Devices are instruments used to manipulate objects, and send control instructions to the computer system .  Standard input devices include keyboards, tablets and stylus, joysticks mice, touch screens, knobs, and trackballs. Wired Gloves and bodysuits allow gestural interaction to occur. These send hand or body position and movement information to the computer using sensors.

23. 2. Output Devices : Output devices allow the machine to provide information or feedback to the user. They include visual displays and auditory displ ays. Visual displays provide feedback to users in 3D visual form.   Auditory displays provide information in auditory form . Head Mounted Displays and CAVEs (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) are examples of a fully immersive visual display.