3viruses.pptx disease that causes the virus

this presentation is the relate the microorganism that causes disease

1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). 1. What is HSV?. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a virus that can remain in a person's body for life once they become infected. It belongs to the Herpesviridae family and causes infections in the mouth and genital areas. The virus stays dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate occasionally. 2. Types of HSV. HSV-1: Causes oral herpes – sores or blisters around the mouth. In some cases, it can cause genital herpes if transmitted through oral sex. HSV-2: Causes genital herpes – it is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and can be very painful.

2. 3. How It Spreads. Direct contact with the skin of an infected person. Sharing items like cups or lipstick (especially for HSV-1). Direct sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral – mainly HSV-2). From mother to baby during childbirth. It can also be transmitted even when there are no visible symptoms (asymptomatic shedding). 4. Symptoms. Oral (HSV-1): Blisters or sores around the mouth, fever, swollen lymph nodes. Genital (HSV-2): Painful blisters or sores, burning sensation during urination, fever, and muscle aches. Some people may show no symptoms but can still spread the virus. 5. Treatment. There is no complete cure for the virus, but it can be managed with: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir – antiviral medications. These can be used as: Episodic treatment: Taken when symptoms begin. Suppressive therapy: Taken regularly to reduce the frequency of outbreaks and transmission risk.

3. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) . 1. What is HIV? HIV is a virus that weakens the body’s immune system, specifically targeting important defense cells called CD4 cells. If left untreated, HIV progresses to its final stage known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). 2. How It Spreads. HIV is transmitted when body fluids from an infected person enter the body of another person. It spreads through: Unprotected sex (vaginal, or oral). Sharing needles or syringes. From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Blood transfusions with unscreened blood (rare in most countries).

4. Early stage: Fever, headache, fatigue, skin rash or itching. Middle stage (asymptomatic): No visible symptoms, but the virus continues to damage the immune system. Late stage (AIDS): Frequent infections, weight loss, extreme fatigue, and life-threatening illnesses 3. Symptoms. 4. Difference Between HIV and AIDS. HIV is the virus that infects the body. AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV, where the immune system is severely weakened, making the body vulnerable to infections and cancers.

5. 6. Prevention. Avoid sharing needles or syringes. Get tested and know your HIV status . Use PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) if at high risk . Pregnant women with HIV should take medication during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding to protect the baby . Use condoms correctly every time during sex . 5. Treatment. There is no cure for HIV, but it can be managed with ART (Antiretroviral Therapy). These medications reduce the virus’s activity and help prevent the progression to AIDS . A person who consistently takes ART can live a long and healthy life .

6. VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) 1. What is VZV? VZV is a virus from the Herpesviridae family that causes two different diseases: Chickenpox when a person is infected for the first time. Shingles when the virus reactivates years later after lying dormant in nerve cells. 2. How It Spreads. Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. By touching fluid from chickenpox or shingles blisters. A person with shingles can spread the virus to someone who has never had chickenpox, but it will cause chickenpox , not shingles.

7. 3. Symptoms. Chickenpox: Fever. Itchy rash. Red spots that turn into blisters, then scab over in different stages. Shingles: Sharp, burning pain on one side of the body. Blisters grouped in one area. Tingling or sensitivity in the area before the rash appears. Most common in older adults or people with weakened immune systems.

8. 4. Treatment. Antivirals: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir – reduce the severity and duration if taken early. Pain relief: Paracetamol, ibuprofen, or other medications to relieve itching and discomfort. Skin care: Keeping the rash clean helps prevent bacterial infections. 5. Vaccination. Chickenpox (Varicella) vaccine: Given in childhood to prevent infection. Shingles (Zoster) vaccine: Given to adults, usually over age 50, to prevent shingles or reduce its severity. Vaccines play a key role in preventing the virus and its complications.