4.-Computer-Security for grade 10 preparation.pptx

Computer Security for grade 10

1. Computer Security Chapter 4

2. Hardware Security The protection of computer hardware from being damaged or lost due to accidental or intentional harm and to keep hardware in good condition is called hardware security . Computer is made of electronic boards, chips, electromagnetic devices like hard disk, electromechanical parts like CPU Fan, DVD-Drive motors etc. The hardware can be damaged by: dust dirt on mechanical parts water and moisture on the electronic circuits irregular electricity on the circuit boards overheating of the device fire burning the machine theft of the computer and its devices

3. Hardware Security Measures Some common hardware security measures are as follows: ID card Regular maintenance Insurance Free from dust Protection from fire Protection from theft Air conditioning system Power protection devices

4. Hardware Security Measures 1. ID card: Unauthorized persons can steal and damage computer hardware as well as data and software. So it is better not to allow unauthorized persons inside the computer room. The ID card will be more helpful for avoiding unauthorized persons in the computer room. There should be a security guard at the door of computer room who checks the person's ID card and stops the unauthorized person to enter into the computer room. It keeps our computer system safe.

5. Hardware Security Measures 2. Regular Maintenance: The hardware components of computer system are very delicate devices. If we do not use computer properly, it may not function well and also may get damage some parts. So regular maintenance is necessary for proper functioning of our computer system .   During the periodic maintenance dust and dirt should clean off the computer’s devices, loose connections of electricity and network devices and parts inside . We should repair or replace defective parts of hardware in time before it causes several damages.

6. Hardware Security Measures The regular maintenance helps us to find out the problems in hardware. Hard disk is one of the most important parts of computer system which works as the main storage of computer. If it gets damaged we may lose all data, information and programs on it. So it needs to be checked frequently so that we can keep it in good condition

7. Hardware Security Measures 3. Insurance: Insurance is a way to get the investment – whole or part of it – back in case, the computer system is damaged because of theft, vandalism or natural calamities like fire or flood. If our computer is damaged or lost, we can claim for the insurance amount and replace the new computer system easily. So, it is being one of the security measures of computer system.

8. Hardware Security Measures 4. Free from dust: Often dust build-up occurs in computer case fans, inside the power supply or CPU cooler. When CPU cooler fails to spin because of dust build-up, processor can overheat and become damaged. If the power supply fan blows, this can become a serious fire hazard because of the heat being generated. These components need to be maintained for safety on a regular basis. So, the compute room has to be absolutely free from dust and air pollution.

9. Hardware Security Measures 5. Fire extinguisher: Install fire extinguishers and fire alarm system in the computer room. So that in case of fire we can extinguish the fire quickly and minimize damage. 6. Protection from t heft: The computer room should have physical security with proper locking system, controlled access of authorized persons only by having human guard or biometric machine. CCTV (Closed Circuit Television)

10. Hardware Security Measures 7. Air conditioning system: (20 – 24 degree Celsius) Regular use of computers produce the heat and increases the temperature. The overheat may result working principle of hardware parts such as disk failure, breaking down the chips, short life etc. So that we need to keep air conditioning system in the computer room to maintain the room temperature required for computers.

11. Hardware Security Measures 8. Power protection device: It is an electronic device that controls the fluctuation of electronic voltage and provide enough back up to the computer system when there is power failure. Some examples: UPS, CVT (Constant Voltage Transformer), Spike guard, Stabilizers, Volt guard Importance of Power Protection Device: They are needed in computer system to supply regular voltage and maintain the power fluctuation from high or low which may cause several hardware damage as well as software loss .

12. Hardware Security Measures UPS : (Uninterruptible Power Supply) It is a power protection device which stores electricity and provides backup power automatically to the computer when required so that huge amount of data can be prevented from being lost or damaged. Hence it allows the users to save important data and information and prevents them from being lost or damaged.

13. Information Security Information Security is a set of practices intended to keep data secure from unauthorized access or alterations, both when it’s being stored and when it’s being transmitted from one machine or location to another. The practice of keeping data, information and software protected from corruption and unauthorized access is known as data and software security. Or P rotecting or securing data and software from being pirated damaged or lost is known as data and software security.

14. Information Security We can protect our data : By periodically checking the hard disk and replacing it if it shows failure symptoms B y copying the data in another disk in the system to avoid accidentally erasing or erasing data by unauthorized person Nowadays , we can copy important data into online storage devices which is also called cloud storage. There are many providers who provide space in the cloud for online storage of our data which include Dropbox, Google Drive, OneDrive, iCloud. Some of them are free up to the certain size of storage space.  

15. Information Security Some of the software security measures: Password protection Backup System Defragmentation Scan disk Virus scanning Hard lock key

16. Information Security Scan disk: It helps us to keep computer hard disk in good condition. It checks and fixes errors in the file system, directory system of a disk. It detects lost clusters and bad sectors. It corrects the problem of lost clusters and tries to recover bad sectors (if possible) Defragmentation: The process of rearranging the fragmented files in the continuous space on the disk. When the files are defragmented, the files and programs are loaded faster than previous . Fragmentation: The spreading of the parts of the same disk file over different locations is called fragmentation. It makes slow disk access and breakdown the overall performance of the disk operation.

17. Information Security Mechanism Security mechanism are technical tools and techniques that are used to implement security services. 1. Authentication system: Identification is the ability to identify uniquely a user or a system or an application that is running in the system. Authentication is the ability to prove that a user or application is genuinely who that person or what that application claims to be. The process of identifying an individual usually based on a username and password is called an authentication system . In security systems, authentication is distinct from authorization, which is the process of giving individuals access to system objects based on their identity.

18. Information Security Mechanism Common forms of authorization: Password: It is a secret word or a sequence of characters that provides accessibility to a user to access a file, application or computer system. We have to keep the password secure and strong so that unauthorized users may not gain access to the resource and misuse it with our identity.

19. Information Security Mechanism Password : Following are some of the tips to make our password secure and strong: Don't use a sequence like abcd or 1234 which are, again, easily guessable. Mix characters, numbers and symbols. Also, mix small and capital letters. Avoid using the same password in all applications. Change password periodically. Don't use easily guessable the name of a pet, child, family member, birthdays, birthplace, name of a favorite holiday.

20. Information Security Mechanism Biometric : Biometric is biological measurements or physical characteristics that can be used to identify individuals. Nowadays , the character or numeric passwords are being replaced by biometric authentication. Fingerprints , face detection or retina detection are being used as biometrics authentication. Biometrics authentication is considered more secure than string password.

21. Information Security Mechanism Firewall: When it comes to preventing unauthorized access of the third party in a private network, firewalls are used. A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls shelter the computer network of an organization against unauthorized incoming or outgoing access and provide the best network security. Firewall prevents unauthorized internet users from accessing private networks connected to the internet especially intranet.

22. Information Security Mechanism Cryptography: We share data and information with other people and institutions through the Internet. There are many ways we can share files- we can send them as email attachments, we can share them from online storage spaces. We can also share them from websites. There is a great risk that these data we have shared through the Internet are accessed by unauthorized users from cloud storage or they are intercepted by hackers during the transmission. Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents.

23. Information Security Mechanism Cryptography: The term is derived from the Greek word “ kryptos ”, which means hidden. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Cryptography includes ensuring that data/ message cannot be understood by an unauthorized user. There are different types of cryptography technology used.

24. Information Security Mechanism Encryption: The process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot. In an encryption scheme, the intended information or message, referred to as a plain text, is encrypted using an encryption algorithm a cipher-generating cipher text that can be read only if decrypted.

25. Information Security Mechanism Decryption : The conversion of encrypted data into its original form is decryption. It is generally a reverse process of encryption. It decodes the encrypted information so that an authorized user can only decrypt the data because decryption requires a secret key or password.

26. Information Security Mechanism Antivirus software: Antivirus software is a utility software designed to detect and remove viruses from computer system. Antivirus software, nowadays also known as anti-malware, is a computer program used to prevent, detect, and remove malware. Some of the popular antivirus programs are Bitdefender Antivirus Plus 2020, Norton Antivirus(NAV) Plus, Webroot Secure Anywhere Antivirus, ESET NOD32 Antivirus, F-Secure Antivirus SAFE, Kaspersky Anti-Virus, etc. Antivirus performs the following tasks: Scans the files or folders for viruses Automatically cleans the virus infected files Monitors the resources of the computer from the viruses Alerts the user when viruses are found and provide the information about the virus

27. Information Security Mechanism Backup system: Backup system is the system of copying data and programs into another location or creating duplicate copy of it’s in a secured place. Importance of Backup: When data and software are damaged due to the fluctuation of electric voltage, power failure, viruses or intentional harm, we can restore data and software from the backup copy (the duplicate copy of data and software). So , backup system helps to protect data and software of a computer.

28. Information Security Mechanism Backup system: Backup system is the system of copying data and programs into another location or creating duplicate copy of it’s in a secured place. Importance of Backup: When data and software are damaged due to the fluctuation of electric voltage, power failure, viruses or intentional harm, we can restore data and software from the backup copy (the duplicate copy of data and software). So , backup system helps to protect data and software of a computer.

29. Security Threats Security threats is defined as a risk that which can potentially harm computer systems and organization. The cause could be physical such as someone stealing a computer that contains vital data or non physical such as virus attack. 1. Unauthorized access: (Hacker and cracker) 2. Computer virus 3. Phishing : Phishing is the fake attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

30. Security Threats 4. Keylogger : Keylogger is hardware or software for recording the keys pressed on a keyboard secretly so that person using the keyboard does not know that their actions are being monitored. Data can then be retrieved by the person operating the logging program . 5. Botnet: A botnet is a logical collection of Internet-connected devices such as computers, smartphones or internet of things ( IoT ) devices whose security have been breached and control is given away to a third party.

31. Security Threats Botnet : Each compromised device, known as a "bot ", is created when a device is penetrated by software from a malware (malicious software) distribution. The controller of a botnet is able to direct the activities of these compromised computers through communication channels formed by standards-based network protocols, such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP ). Botnets are increasingly rented out by cybercriminals as commodities for a variety of purposes.

32. Malicious Code Malicious code is the term used to describe any code in any part of the software system or script that is intended to cause undesired effects, security breaches or damage the system. It is an auto-executable application that can activate itself and take on various forms, including Java Applets, ActiveX controls, pushed content, plug-ins, scripting languages or other programming languages that are designed to enhance Web pages and email.

33. Malware The word Malware is short for malicious software and is a general term used to describe all of the viruses, spyware, worms, trojan , and pretty much anything that is specifically designed to cause harm to your PC or steal your information. Different types of malware: Virus: A virus is a program that copies itself and infects a PC, spreading from one file to another, and then from one PC to another when the files are copied or shared. ii. Spyware: Spyware is any software installed on your PC that collects your information without your knowledge and sends that information back to the creator so they can use your personal information in some immoral way.

34. Malware Adware: Adware is a software application used by companies for marketing purposes; advertising banners are displayed while any program is running. Adware can be automatically downloaded to your system while browsing any website and can be viewed through pop-up windows or through a bar that appears on the computer screen automatically .