4. henderson theory

. henderson theory

1. VIRGINIA HENDERSON NEED THEORY

2. Out line Introduction Background of the Theorist Human need theory Components of Henderson’s nursing theory Major Concepts, Assumptions Metaparadigm in Nursing Theory critique Summary References 11/12/2021 2

3. Objectives At the end of this presentation the you will be able to :- Describe contribution of Virginia Henderson Define human need theory D escribe major concepts of the theory S tate major assumptions Discuss metaparadigm in nursing 11/12/2021 3

4. HUMAN NEED THEORY VIRGINIA AVENEL HENDERSON (November 30,1897-March 19, 1996)

5. Introduction Virginia Avenal Henderson was a well-known nursing educator and a prolific author . Henderson is known as the modern-day mother of nursing ( O’Malley 1996 ) . Her work influenced the nursing profession in America and throughout the world . 11/12/2021 5

6. Background of the theorist Born in kanas city, Missouri in 1897 A nurse educator, theorist, researcher and author of many nursing textbooks. Education Diploma from the US army school of nursing at Walter Reed Hospital ,Washington, D.C in 1921 . She later received a Bachelor science degree in 1932 and a masters degree from the same school in 1934 from Columbia university. Afterwards, she become a faculty member ( Herrmann , 1998 ) 11/12/2021 6

7. Career Worked at the Henry street visiting nurse service for two years after receiving her diploma. She initially planned to switched professions after two years but her strong desire to help the profession averted her plan. From 1924 to 1929, as Instructor and educational director in Norfolk protestant hospital, Norfolk Virginia. In 1939, As nurse supervisor and clinical instructor at the out patient department of strong memorial hospital, Rochester, New York. 11/12/2021 7

8. Career cont … From 1934 to 1948, 14 years as an instructor and associate professor at Teachers College, Columbia University in New York . Since 1953, Henderson was a research associate at Yale University School of Nursing to work on critical review nursing researcher 11/12/2021 8

9. Works of Virginia Henderson She was the author of; Revision of the fifth and sixth editions of ‘’ Principles and Practice of Nursing’ Textbook of Bertha Harmer, by incorporating her personal definition of nursing, when the original author died ( Henderson, 1991 ). The Basic principles of Nursing care The four volume Nursing Studies Index, T he first annotated index of nursing research published between 1900 and 1960 11/12/2021 9

10. Awards and Honors of Virginia Henderson Honorary doctoral degrees from thirteen universities such as catholic university of America, Yale university, university of western Ontario… In 1977 an Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing, An Honorary Fellow the Royal College of Nursing of the United Kingdom In 1985 received the first awards of the Christiane Riemann prize ( the most prestigious award in nursing) as her span of influence knew no national boundaries. 11/12/2021 10

11. Cont. Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library was named in her honor by the nursing society . M ember of the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame . In 2000, the Virginia Nurses Association recognized Henderson as one of the 51 Pioneer Nurses in Virginia. 11/12/2021 11

12. Introduction to Human Need theory A g rand theory developed by Virginia Henderson and was derived from her experience of practice and education. Henderson’s goal was not to develop a theory of nursing, but rather to define the unique focus of nursing practice, but researchers come up with concepts from her work that actually follow the metaparadigm's of nursing ( Masters,2015 ) S ome scholars say that Maslow's Hierarchy of needs was the reference to her theory 11/12/2021 12

13. Human Need theory The theory emphasized on ; B asic human needs as the central focus of nursing care and how nurses can assist in meeting those needs. The importance of increasing the patient’s independence so that progress after hospitalization would not be delayed ( H enderson, 1991 ) 11/12/2021 13

14. Cont . Categorized nursing activities into 14 components, based on human needs. Physiological needs (components 1-9), Psychological need (components10 and 14), Social need (components 12 and 13) Spiritual need (component 11) She describes the nurses role as that of Substitutive (doing for the person) Supplementary (a helper to the patient) Complementary (working with the patient) 11/12/2021 14

15. Components of Henderson’s nursing theory 11/12/2021 15

16. Major Concepts The theory has four major concepts related to nursing meta paradigm Nursing The nurse attending to 14 activities that assist the individual toward independence Health Not explicitly defined, individuals ability to function independently as outlined in the 14 basic components. Individual Someone who needs nursing care but did not limit nursing to illness care. Environment Settings in which an individual learns unique pattern for living. 11/12/2021 16

17. Major Assumptions Nurses care for patients until patients can care for themselves once again. P atients desire to return to health, but this assumption is not explicitly stated. N urses are willing to serve and that “nurses will devote themselves to the patient day and night”. Nurses should be educated at the university level in both Arts and Science. 11/12/2021 17

18. Metaparadigm in nursing Person Someone who needs nursing care to achieve health and independence or peaceful death . The sum of parts with biological , psychological and spiritual components rather than as a type of client or consumer. The person and family are viewed as a unit 11/12/2021 18

19. Cont. Health Health was not explicitly defined Refers to an individuals ability to function independently in relationship to the 14 basic human functioning. Environment External elements that help to mold and shape the persons life and physical change. Include biological, physical, behavioral component. 11/12/2021 19

20. Cont. Nursing Clearly defined as "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible" 11/12/2021 20

21. Cont . Strength W idely accepted in nursing practice today and will continue Researchers continue to direct their work with Virginia Henderson’s concept as a framework . Such as Abdallah's 21 nursing problems The theory is relatively simple, logical and can be applied to individual of all setting The concepts are clinically relevant and can be used to shape nursing care. 11/12/2021 21

22. Cont . Weakness Lacks a conceptual diagram that interconnects the 14 concepts and sub concepts. The Priority of needs is not clearly articulated in the theory There is a little explanation of what does the nurse do to provide peaceful death. Lacks on the boundaries or clear definition of wellness 11/12/2021 22

23. V . Henderson Human need theory critique 11/12/2021 23

24. We used Chinn and Kramer’s basis for evaluation of nursing models and our point of views to critique Henderson’s Needs Theory. The theory critique will cover the following criteria's; Semantic and structural clarity, Semantic and structural consistency, Simplicity and complexity, Generality, accessibility, and importance of the theory. 11/12/2021 24

25. Theory critique cont … 1. Clarity The theory is characterized by a little of structural clarity. She did not introduce a model that represented the theory . It is not clear how to use the theory or implement it. Semantically the theory is clear because all terms and concepts are clear and easily understood. Her definitions and examples are simple and can be easily used. 11/12/2021 25

26. Theory critique cont … 2. Consistency Consistent all through because she wanted to teach and explain the concepts to all people so that they could learn how nursing care and patients’ needs were connected . 11/12/2021 26

27. Theory critique cont … 3 . Simplicity and accessibility Simple and relatively clear. Can be accessed by different nursing and medical domains . 4. Generality Generalizable and broad in scope Applied in all health care settings, different age groups, sex and cultures. 11/12/2021 27

28. Theory critique cont … 5. Importance The theory easily applicable to improve quality of nursing care and health of the patient . The theory is an important component of nursing knowledge development which involve evidence based practice and research. She motioned that nursing care was crucial for the patients, However, she failed to identify the boundaries and standards of such care. 11/12/2021 28

29. Summary Virginia Henderson is often seen as the mother of professional nursing. She was a prolific author and researcher . Her concept of nursing is still used in clinical and community health care The t heory was derived from her experience in clinical practice, education and research. 11/12/2021 29

30. summary cont . It can be applied to nursing practice as a way for nurses to set goals based on Henderson’s 14 components . The theory easily applicable to improve quality of nursing care and health of the patient. The theory is an important component of nursing knowledge development which involve evidence based practice and research. 11/12/2021 30

31. Acknowledgment   we would like to forward our deepest thanks to instructors Mr. Nigusse T. and Debela G. for their unreserved help in giving the chance to prepare this presentation on Virginia Henderson human need theory. And our classmates for their attention and patience to attend the presentation. 11/12/2021 31

32. Reference McEwen M. & Wills, E.M. ( 2019). Theoretical basis for nursing. 5 th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) O’Malley, J. (1996). A nursing legacy: Virginia Henderson. Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly, 2 (2), v–vii . Henderson, V. (1991). The nature of nursing: Reflections after 25 years . New York, NY: National League for Nursing Press . Herrmann, E. K. (Ed.). (1998). Virginia Avenel Henderson: Signature for nursing . Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International Center Nursing Press. Alligood , M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work, (8th ed.).Maryland Heights, (MO): Mosby Elsevier , USA Henderson, V. (1966). The nature of nursing. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange. Masters , K. (2015). Models and theories focused on nursing goals and functions. In J. B. Butts, & K. L. Rich (Eds.),  Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice  (2nd ed., pp. 377-407). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning . 11/12/2021 32

33. 11/12/2021 33 Thank you!!