4-Oriental-or-Eastern-Ethics-Confucianism-Jainism.pptx

4-Oriental-or-Eastern-Ethics-Confucianism-Jainism.pptx

1. Ethical Teachings in Confucianism

2. In general, Chinese philosophy means humanism Founded by Confucius (or Kongzi )

3. Chinese love practical wisdom. Philosophy is Che Shueh . Che – wisdom Shueh – study

4. The hallmark in Confucian ethics is human-heartedness. The Chinese character for “ethic” ( lun ) is “derived from the symbol for the human heart.”

5. Human-heartedness in Confucianism runs in congruence with Confucius’s injunction for harmony with nature.

6. The innate laws of nature are: Ren Yi Zhong Li Xiao

7. Ren – means human-heartedness. Ren can be understood as love, benevolence, or charity. Golden Mean Rule: “Don’t do to others what you yourself do not desire.”

8. Yi – means righteousness. It refers to the “ oughtness ” or to the rightness of an action in a given situation.

9. Zhong – conscientiousness. Juxtaposed with Shu (altruism). Golden mean: “Do not do unto others what you do not want others do unto you.”

10. Li – means propriety. Rules of conduct that reflects a person’s good will.

11. Xiao – means filial piety. It means respect, reverence and honor of one’s parent, blood relatives and family members as a whole.

12. In summary, it is every person’s moral responsibility to become a gentleman or the superior man.

13. Jainism

14. Animal Compassion For thousands of years, Jains have been practicing vegetarianism Vegetarianism

15. Meditation & Yoga For thousands of years, Jains have been practicing Meditation and Yoga Meditation Non-Violence

16. For thousands of years, Jains have been practicing Equality Equality Non-Violence

17. Environmentalism Non-Violence For thousands of years, Jains have been Environmentalist

18. Anekantvad For thousands of years, Jains have been practicing Non-Absolutism (Respect other views) (Truth has many perspectives) Non-Violence

19. Jainism: The Religion Jainism is an ascetic religion of India that teaches the immortality and pilgrimage of the soul, denies the existence of a supreme being and emphasizes the art of non-violence.

20. Jainism: The Religion The Jain community is composed of monks (Sadhu), nuns ( Sadhvi ), laymen and laywomen. There are two distinct religious groups: the Digambaras (the sky-clad) and the Svetambaras (the white clad).

21. Origins of Jainism The exact place where Jainism started is not confirmed, but India is most commonly referred to as the place of origin. Jainism, as a religion, was, at various times, found all over South Asia including Sri Lanka and what are now Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Afghanistan.

22. Key Figures of Jainism Vardhamana Mahavira is the most important figure in Jainism as he was the last in line of the Tirthankaras . He was born in 599 B.C. and died in 527 B.C. His birthplace was Kundalpur , India. His life and teachings were dedicated to the art of ahimsa or non-violence, which is the central belief of Jainism. He grew up in India where Hinduism was the dominant religion. He accepted the aspects of Hinduism, but felt that some changes needed to be made. It was he who built up the Jain Church and laid such a firm foundation for it that it has existed almost unchanged for more than twenty-five centuries.

23. Key Figures in Jainism Above: Rock image of 24 Tirthankaras Left: Mahavira picture Top: Mahavira statue Right: Mahavira on LionThrone

24. Jainism: Key Beliefs Ahimsa - The central Jain belief is an agreement to avoid physical violence and conduct that can be mentally and emotionally damaging to oneself or others. It also involves commitment to all life forms on earth and not engaging in practices which may bring harm. Karma – the belief that for every action, there is a consequence. Reincarnation – One’s soul that is reborn into different bodies over the course of many lives. Proper Conduct - Jains are encouraged to make a vow to conduct themselves according to the following principles: 1) Non-violence (ahimsa) 2) Truthfulness (Satya) 3) Non- Stealing( Asteya ) 4) Celibacy ( Brahma- charya ) 5) Non-possession ( Aparigraha )

25. Jainism: Key Beliefs Moksha - Results in the elimination of the effects of karma in one’s life (achieved through meditation) Atomism - Jains believe that every living thing on the planet possesses a soul or “Jiva”. They also believe that people are bound to act more compassionately if they acknowledge that everything is composed of a spirit or soul. No absolutes - No perspective of any person is wrong, despite the fact that different perspectives have different effects on the specific situation.

26. Key Practices and Rituals Meditation (samayika) - the process of eliminating self-centered thinking and becoming united with the spirit that governs the universe Mantras - the Five Homages (panka namaskarais) are recited on a daily basis, usually in the morning; another mantra called ahimsa vikas, helps Jains to pursue a life without violence. Worship - takes place at stone temples or at wooden shrines near the house which resemble the temple itself. Fasting - occurs at mostly festivals and holy days such as Paryushana and Mauna Agyaras

27. Key Practices and Rituals Small brooms are carried to sweep insects away from their path Jain nuns and monks do not accept food that is not cooked by themselves, they do not physically touch people of the opposite sex, and they wear simple white clothes or even nothing at all. A disciplined life is expected from all believers of Jainism, not only the monks or the nuns Sacred Rituals - performed at the temple These are some of the rituals: Puja Samayik Namokar Mantra

28. Symbol of Jainism Swastika and the Open Pal The outline of this picture represents the universe in the Jain description. It is supposed to resemble a person standing on his feet with his feet apart, and the arms are rested on the hips. There are three dots above the swastika. They represent Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct. The three dots are the three jewels of Jain philosophy in which they believe liberation can be found. The half moon is where the liberated soul is being kept, and the dot inside of it is the liberated pure soul. The hand below the swastika is a gesture of blessing and protection. Inside the hand, there is a wheel of 24 spokes, and this represents Jinas. In the middle of the wheel, a word is inscribed which says: “ahimsa”

29. Jainism in the 21st Century As of early 21st century, there are 4.5 million followers. Jainism has been an influence for the Indian culture for over 2500 years and has contributed to Indian philosophy and logic, art and architecture, mathematics, astronomy and astrology, and literature.

30. Jainism

31. Seatwork: Identify what is being asked by the statement by unscrambling the word. He is the founder of Confucianism. ( ciusfucon ) The basic virtue that can be understood as love, benevolence or charity. (ern)

32. 3. It refers to the “ oughtness ” or to the rightness of an action in a given situation. ( iy ) 4. Behavior that show a desire to help. ( trualism ) or ( hus )

33. 5. It means respect, reverence and honor of one’s parent, blood relatives and family members as a whole. ( aoxi ) 6. A n ascetic religion of India that teaches the immortality and pilgrimage of the soul, denies the existence of a supreme being and emphasizes the art of non-violence. ( jasniim )

34. 7. These are the sky-clads who believed that women cannot attain enlightenment in the same birth. ( rasmadigba ) 8. He is the most important figure in Jainism. ( havardnama haramavi )

35. 9. It is an agreement to avoid physical violence and conduct that can be mentally and emotionally damaging to oneself or others. ( himasa ) 10. In the symbol of Jainism, it represents the soul in which it can be reborn and reincarnated into during the time it is in the universe. ( stiwakas )

36. Raw Score Equivalent 10 100 5 75 9 95 4 70 8 90 3 65 7 85 2 60 6 80 1 55