4 THE UNITED NATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE.pptx

4 THE UNITED NATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE.pptx

1. GAME!!!

2. SCATTERGORIES

3. MECHANICS of the GAME 20 seconds

4. Global governance can come from variety of sources. Nations establish treaties and form organizations , enacting public international law.

5. When scholars refer to groups such as the UN or institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, they usually call them international organization (IOs). What is an International Organization? Although international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are sometimes considered IOs, the term is commonly used to refer to international intergovernmental organizations or groups that are primarily made up of member-states.

6. 1. Intergovernmental Organizations- created by governments Two Main Types International Organization? 2. Nongovernmental Organizations- run by private groups or individuals operating independently from government

7. International relations scholars Michael N. Barnett and Martha Finnermore listed the following powers of IOs. International Organization

8. IOs have the power of classification. POWERS OF IOs They can invent and apply categories, they create powerful global standards. Example: It is the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) that defines what a refugee is.

9. IOs have the power of classification. They can invent and apply categories, they create powerful global standards. Example: According to UNHCR, a refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country because of war, persecution, violence, or fear of being harmed due to their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. POWERS OF IOs

10. 2. IOs have the ability to change the meaning of words. POWERS OF IOs Various concepts such as “security” and “development”, must be clearly defined. Example: UN has started to define security as not just safety from military violence but also safety from environmental harm.

11. 3. IOs have the power to diffuse norms. Norms are accepted codes of conduct that may not be strict laws but produce regularity in behavior. POWERS OF IOs IOs do not only classify and fix meanings; they also spread their ideas across the world.

12. 3. IOs have the power to diffuse norms. Their power to diffuse norms stems from the fact that IOs are staffed with independent bureaucracies, who are considered experts in various fields. Example: World Bank economists come to be regarded as experts in development, and thus, carry some form of authority. As a result, they can establish standards for the implementation and conceptualization of development projects. POWERS OF IOs

13. Having examined the powers, limitations, and weaknesses of IOs, the spotlight will now fall on the most prominent IO in the contemporary world, the United Nations (UN). UNITED NATIONS

14. After the collapse of the League of Nations at the end of World War II, countries that worried about another global war began to push for the formation of a more lasting international league. The result was the creation of UN. UNITED NATIONS

15. The General Assembly (GA) is UN’s “ main deliberative policymaking and representative organ. FIVE ACTIVE ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS All member states (currently at 193) have seats in the GA. The Philippines played a prominent role in the GA’s early years when Filipino diplomat Carlos P. Romulo was elected GA president from 1949- 1950.

16. Despite the GA being the most represented body in the UN, many critics believe the Security Council (SC) is the most powerful. According to the UN, the latter has 15 members. FIVE ACTIVE ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS Ten of the fifteen members are elected to two-year terms by the GA. The other five --- sometimes referred to as the Permanent 5 (P5) --- are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

17. The third UN organ is the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), which is the “ principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue, and recommendations on social and environmental issues, as well as the implementation of internationally agreed development goals.” It has 54 members elected for three-year terms. Currently, it is the UN’s central platform for discussions on sustainable development. FIVE ACTIVE ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS

18. The fourth is the International Court of Justice whose task is to “ settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.” FIVE ACTIVE ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS

19. Finally, the secretariat consists of the “Secretary-general and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who carry out day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the organization’s other principal organs.” As such, it is the bureaucracy of the UN, serving as a kind of international civil service. FIVE ACTIVE ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS