4 Types of Genetic Inheritance Science Presentation in Blue Yellow Flat Graphic Style.pptx

SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 1 NON-MENDELIAN PATTERN OF INHERITANCE

1. GENETIC INHERITANCE Science Presentation

2. WHAT IS GENETIC INHERITANCE? Genetic inheritance is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring.

3. Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to their children. GENETICS

4. LET’S START WITH SOME IMPORTANT VOCABULARY

5. GREGOR MENDEL FATHER OF HEREDITY

6. A section of DNA that controls a trait GENE ALLELE A version or form of a gene (e.g., A or a)

7. Two identical alleles (AA or aa) HOMOZYGOUS ALLELE

8. Two different alleles (Aa) HETEROZYGOUS ALLELE

9. Trait that is always expressed if present (written as capital letter, e.g., A) DOMINANT RECESSIVE Trait that is masked unless two copies are present (lowercase letter, e.g., a)

10. A unique sequence of DNA. A genotype refers to the two alleles an organism has inherited for a particular gene. Alleles can be recessive or dominant (More on this in a moment!) GENOTYPE

11. An observable trait For example, a phenotype could be: Brown hair, AB blood type or blue eye colour Phenotype is a result of the expression of one or more genes. PHENOTYPE

12. KEY PRINCIPLES OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE

13. White with brown spots is a dominant trait. If the cow has one or two dominant alleles, it will be white with brown spots. DOMINANT

14. All white is a recessive trait. If the cow has two recessive alleles, it will be all white in colour. RECESSIVE

15. Each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent Law of Segregation Law Of Independent Assortment Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other

16. Law of Segregation

17. Law of Segregation A Blue bird with a Homozygous Dominant CC is breed with a yellow Heterozygous Cc bird. What percentage is the Blue bird expressed on the breed? What percentage is the yellow? C C C CC CC c Cc Cc

18. Law of Segregation XX = Round Chin Xx = Cleft Chin X X X x

19. Law Of Independent Assortment

20. Law Of Independent Assortment FG Fg FG Fg FG Fg Fg FG F – fat f – thin G – tall g - short

21. ACTIVITY Hh is breed with hh where “H” is straight while “h” is curly Dd is breed with dd where “D” is Chinki while “d” is round. Aa is breed with Aa where “A” is thick eyebrows while “a” is thin eyebrows FF is breed with Ff where “F” is fair skin while “f” is tanned skin. Gg is breed with gg where “G” is tall while “g” is short.

22. EXIT TICKET “Why is it important to understand inheritance?”

23. Non-Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance

24. Both alleles are partially expressed in an intermediate phenotype. The colour pink shows incomplete dominance. If a plant has both a recessive and dominant gene, it will be a mix of red and white (pink). INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

25. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

26. Both alleles of a gene are distinctly expressed. Red and white show codominance. If a plant has both a recessive and dominant gene, it will be red with white spots. CODOMINANCE

27. CODOMINANCE

28. Activity The class will be divided into 3 groups. Each group will be assigned a task where they will predict the offspring using a Punnett square. Each group will be given 5 minutes to answer the assigned task. They will then present to the class their answer.

29. Group 1. What percentage of the offspring will have white fruit?______ What percentage of the offspring will have violet fruit? ______

30. Group 2. What percentage of the offspring will have purple fruit?______ What percentage of the offspring will have heterozygous fruit? ______

31. Group 3. What percentage of the offspring will have purple fruit?______ What percentage of the offspring will have white fruit? ______

32. Column A Column B 1. A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers. A. 🌸 Pink flower between red and white parents 2. A white chicken crossed with a black chicken produces checkered black-and-white feathers. B. 🐓 Chicken with black-and-white checkered feathers 3. A red cow crossed with a white cow gives a roan-colored cow (both red and white hairs). C. 🐄 Roan cow with red and white patches 4. A red snapdragon and a white snapdragon produce all light pink snapdragons. D. 🐎 Tan horse from chestnut + cream parents 5. A person with allele A and allele B has AB blood type, showing both antigens. E. 🩸 AB blood type diagram showing A and B antigens 6. A tan horse results from a cream-colored horse crossed with a chestnut horse. F. 🌺 Pink snapdragon (light shade) from red + white parents

33. Compare & contrast Codominance & incomplete dominance using a Venn Diagram. Give at least 4 differences and 2 similarities.

34. Multiple alleles A single gene that has more than two alleles

35. Activity A fire has occurred in a nearby maternity clinic. The assigned nurse quickly rushed out of the place to secure the newly born babies. Unfortunately, there were some babies without their identification bracelets. Using your knowledge about codominance inheritance will help bring these babies back to their correct parents.

36. Cruz family are the first set of parents. Mr. Cruz’s blood type is B, and his wife’s blood type A. The second set of parents is Fernandez. Mr. and Mrs. Fernandez both have a B blood type. The last set of parents is the Lopez family. Mr. Greg Lopez has an O blood type, and Mrs. Anna Lopez’s blood type is A

37. Parents Baby # Cruz Family Fernandez Family Lopez Family

38. Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination

39. Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination

40. Human Karyotype

41. Sex-Related Inheritance inherited characteristics determined by sex

42. genes found either on X or Y chromosomes which are inherited differences among male and a female Sex linked trait

43. a rare genetic disorder in which a person lacks enough blood-clotting proteins caused by a change in one of the genes Sex linked trait: Hemophilia

44. Sex linked trait: Hemophilia

45. Sex linked trait: Hemophilia XH Xh Xh Y

46. Sex linked trait: Hemophilia Xh Xh Xh Y

47. is another condition of the X-linked trait.  is an inability to see the difference between certain colors Sex linked trait: Color-blindness

48. Sex linked trait: Color-blindness

49. Sex linked trait: Color-blindness

50. Sex linked trait: Color-blindness X X X c Y

51. Sex linked trait: Color-blindness X X c X c Y

52. Sex linked trait: Color-blindness X c X c X Y

53. Sex linked trait: Color-blindness X X c X Y

54. is a Y-linked trait controlled by a Y chromosome and characterized by hairy ear in which are expressed in males alone. Sex linked trait: Hypertrichosis pinnae auris

55. Sex linked trait: Hypertrichosis pinnae auris

56. Are those traits limited to only one sex Sex-Limited Trait

57. a sex-limited trait that is exclusively exhibited among females Sex-Limited Trait: Lactation

58. Are autosomal traits that are expressed in both sexes but more frequently in one than in the other sex Sex-Influenced Traits

59. is expressed in females but is more often manifested in males. Sex-Influenced Traits: pattern baldness

60. Split the class into 4 groups, one for each pattern of inheritance. Provide each group with Trait card. Read your assigned Trait Card (below). Identify the type of non-Mendelian inheritance shown. Complete the Punnett square based on the parent genotypes. Answer the reflection questions. (Trait Detectives: Exploring Non-Mendelian Inheritance)

61. Questions to Answer: • What pattern of inheritance is shown? • What are the possible offspring phenotypes? • How does this differ from simple dominant/recessive traits? (Trait Detectives: Exploring Non-Mendelian Inheritance)

62. 🟥 Trait Card 1 In snapdragon flowers: • Red flowers = RR • White flowers = WW • Pink flowers = RW Scenario: A red snapdragon (RR) is crossed with a white snapdragon (WW). 👉 What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? (Trait Detectives: Exploring Non-Mendelian Inheritance)

63. 🟦 Trait Card 2: In cattle: • Red coat = RR • White coat = WW • Roan coat (red and white patches) = RW Scenario: A red cow (RR) is crossed with a roan cow (RW). 👉 What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? (Trait Detectives: Exploring Non-Mendelian Inheritance)

64. 🟫 Trait Card 3 In human blood types: • A = IAIA or IAi • B = IBIB or IBi • AB = IAIB • O = ii Scenario: A person with blood type A (genotype IAi ) marries someone with blood type B (genotype IBi ). 👉 What are the possible blood types of their children? (Trait Detectives: Exploring Non-Mendelian Inheritance)

65. 🟩 Trait Card 4: Colorblindness is a recessive trait found on the X chromosome. • Normal female = XX • Carrier female = XcX • Colorblind female = XcXc • Normal male = XY • Colorblind male = XcY Scenario: A carrier mother ( XcX ) has children with a normal father (XY). 👉 What are the chances their sons or daughters will be colorblind? (Trait Detectives: Exploring Non-Mendelian Inheritance)

66. Compare & contrast Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance & Non- Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance using a Venn Diagram. Give at least 4 differences and 2 similarities.

67. 🧠 Reflection (Exit Ticket): 🛠️ Instructions: Write your answers in a 1 half-sheet of paper. Ask students to answer one of the following: “Which non-Mendelian pattern do you find most interesting and why?” “How do non-Mendelian traits help explain the variety of traits we see in humans?”

68. Map of Conceptual Change BEFORE STATEMENT AFTER   How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body cells?     What diseases can affect the circulatory and respiratory systems, and how can they be prevented or treated?     Why do traits vary among individuals, and how do different patterns of inheritance affect trait expression?