4. Working with different Actuators System - Dc Motor, Servo, and Stepper Motors.pptx

Actuators have been around for over 100 years and their name came from what they do, they Actuate something.
That is they move something by opening or closing, pushing or pulling, lifting or dropping, etc.
The most common type of actuator that you use every day is the solenoid actuator to lock and unlock your car door, or an electric linear actuator used to open and close the trunk in a car.
Those are very common types of Electro-mechanical actuators that are used extensively in our daily lives.
Before electricity was created they were still made but would be human-controlled, such as a latch on a door. An actuator is a motor that converts energy into torque which then moves or controls a mechanism or a system into which it has been incorporated. 
It can introduce motion as well as prevent it. An actuator typically runs on electric or pressure (such as hydraulic or pneumatic). The control system can be controlled mechanically or electronically, software driven, or human operated. An Actuator is a device that creates a type of motion, usually linear or rotary.
 To make an Actuator operate it requires an input energy source, usually electrical or hydraulic fluid, but can also be pneumatic. 
The output motion is exerted in the form of a shaft turning or a rod extending or retracting. 
The term Actuator comes from the act of Actuating something, in other words, to Actuate is to operate something.  So to simplify the expression of what it does, an actuator reads a signal and then it actuates, or it operates.
 Actuators are typically part of an overall system or machine or device integrated into something larger to produce useful work in some form. It is a component within that machine that does something by making it move. For an actuator to work, it requires an energy source input, usually electrical energy. It also requires an external signal input in some form to tell the actuator what to do, and then the device Actuates. 
 The output is usually in the form of a motion that can be either Rotary or Linear that's used to achieve the desired outcome in a system. 
The funny part is that some Actuators use other Actuators to make them operate. For example, a hydraulic linear Actuator would use a solenoid Actuator to open and close the high-pressure fluid into the main piston of the Actuator.  So as you can see these devices are used in so many places and applications. The AC electric motor converts AC (Alternating Current) electrical energy into mechanical energy.
These electric motors are powered using a single-phase or three-phase alternating current.
The basic working principle of an AC motor is the rotating magnetic field (RMF) generated by the stator winding when an alternating current is passed through it.
The rotor (having its own magnetic field) follows the RMF & starts rotation.

1. Working with the different actuator systems Dc motor, servo motor, and stepper motor

2. Introduction of trainer Mrs. Vaishnavi holds over 8 years of experience in the electronics industries post her BE (Electronics & Telecommunication) and over 5 years in the education field mainly as a teacher/guide to school and college students. She has trained over 5000 students with varied socio-economical backgrounds across geographies and different age groups. Our Vision : “ “ To contribute to creating truly technology global leaders for tomorrow by providing the best-in-class technologies & platforms training at an early stage of education.”

3. History of Actuator Actuators have been around for over 100 years and their name came from what they do, they Actuate something. That is they move something by opening or closing, pushing or pulling, lifting or dropping, etc. The most common type of actuator that you use every day is the solenoid actuator to lock and unlock your car door, or an  electric linear actuator  used to open and close the trunk in a car. Those are very common types of Electro-mechanical actuators that are used extensively in our daily lives. Before electricity was created they were still made but would be human-controlled, such as a latch on a door.

4. What is an Actuator? An Actuator is a device that creates a type of motion, usually linear or rotary.  To make an Actuator operate it requires an input energy source, usually electrical or hydraulic fluid, but can also be pneumatic.  The output motion is exerted in the form of a shaft turning or a rod extending or retracting.  The term Actuator comes from the act of Actuating something, in other words, to Actuate is to operate something.  So to simplify the expression of what it does, an actuator reads a signal and then it actuates, or it operates.   Actuators  are typically part of an overall system or machine or device integrated into something larger to produce useful work in some form. It is a component within that machine that does something by making it move. 

5. how Actuator work? For an actuator to work, it requires an energy source input, usually electrical energy. It also requires an external signal input in some form to tell the actuator what to do, and then the device Actuates.   The output is usually in the form of a motion that can be either Rotary or Linear that's used to achieve the desired outcome in a system.  The funny part is that some Actuators use other Actuators to make them operate. For example, a hydraulic linear Actuator would use a solenoid Actuator to open and close the high-pressure fluid into the main piston of the Actuator.  So as you can see these devices are used in so many places and applications. 

6. how Actuator work? An actuator is a motor that converts energy into torque which then moves or controls a mechanism or a system into which it has been incorporated.  It can introduce motion as well as prevent it. An actuator typically runs on electric or pressure (such as hydraulic or pneumatic). The control system can be controlled mechanically or electronically, software driven, or human operated.

7. What is motor? An Electrical Motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is used for generating torque to lift loads, move objects & various other mechanical work. We will discuss the different types of electric motors such as AC Motor, DC Motor, S pecial types of motors ( Servo & Stepper Motor ), etc.

8. AC Motor Synchronous Motor Excited Synchronous Motor Single Phase Synchronous Motor Three Phase Synchronous Motor Unexcited Synchronous Motor Reluctance Motor Hysteresis Motor Asynchronous Motor Induction Motor Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Slip Ring or Wound Rotor Induction Motor Capacitor Start Induction Run Motor Capacitor Start and Capacitor Run Motor Commutator Motor AC Series Motor AC Compensated Series Motor Repulsion Motor Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor

9. Dc motor Brushed DC Motor Separately Excited DC Motor Self-Excited DC Motor Series Wound DC Motor Shunt Wound DC Motor Compound Wound DC Motor Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC) Brushless DC Motor Coreless or Ironless DC Motors

10. Special motor Servo Motors Direct Drive Linear Motors Stepper Motor Universal Motor

11. what makes motors work? The rotor and stator assemblies. These are commonly known as the primary and secondary windings within the motor. Voltage is applied to the stator assembly – the primary winding – which results in inducing the flow of current to the rotor assembly, or the secondary winding. The interaction of these two creates a magnetic field that results in motion. There are two types of motors: AC motors, which commonly move at a constant speed; and DC motors, which move at variable speeds.

12. Ac motor The AC electric motor converts AC (Alternating Current) electrical energy into mechanical energy. These electric motors are powered using a single-phase or three-phase alternating current. The basic working principle of an AC motor is the rotating magnetic field (RMF) generated by the stator winding when an alternating current is passed through it. The rotor (having its own magnetic field) follows the RMF & starts rotation.

13. Dc Motor DC Motors are electromechanical devices that use the interaction of magnetic fields and conductors to convert electrical energy into rotary mechanical energy. The basic working principle of DC motors is the Fleming’s left hand rule. A current carrying conductor inside a magnetic field experience a force of thrust mutually perpendicular to each other.

14. Dc motor The DC motor is another main type of electrical motor that only runs on DC or Direct Current. There are no phases in direct current which is why DC electric motors only use 2 wires to run. They are the first motors to be invented. It is easier to control its speed by only varying the supply voltage. It offers simple starting, stopping, accelerating & reversing mechanisms. The installation cost of DC motors is very cheap but they do require maintenance whose cost increases significantly with increasing the size & power of the motor . 

15. Difference between ac & dc motors

16. Servo motor These motors are rated in kg/cm (kilogram per centimeter). It specifies much weight the servo can lift at a specific distance. For E.g. a servo rated 3kg/cm can lift a load of 3kg that is 1cm away from its shaft. The weight-lifting capacity decreases with an increase in the distance.

17. Servo motor control with an Arduino You can connect small servo motors directly to an Arduino to control the shaft position very precisely. Because servo motors use feedback to determine the position of the shaft, you can control that position very precisely. As a result, servo motors are used to control the position of objects, rotate objects, move the legs, arms, or hands of robots, move sensors, etc. with high precision. Servo motors are small in size, and because they have built-in circuitry to control their movement, they can be connected directly to an Arduino. 

18. Servo motor connection with arduino Most servo motors have the following three connections:  Black/Brown ground wire.  Red power wire (around 5V).  Yellow or White PWM wire. In this experiment, we will connect the power and ground pins directly to the Arduino 5V and GND pins. The PWM input will be connected to one of the Arduino's digital output pins .

19. Using a potentiometer for position control https://youtu.be/srUIy5wivUE

20. Stepper motor A  stepper motor  or a stepping motor is a brushless DC motor whose full rotation is divided into a number of equal steps. Such motor rotates in steps (fixed degrees) instead of rotating continuously. Such stepping movement offers great precision which is utilized is robotics.

21. How stepper motor operates The stepper motor operates on pulses. Each pulse moves the motor by one step. The precision of the motor depends on the number of steps per revolution. The step size is determined during its design. However, the speed of the motor can be controlled by applying the pulse train of variable frequency. The controller inside the servo motor moves forward or backward the rotor by one step upon each pulse. It is used for its accurate & precise positioning. It offers full torque at standstill. It has less maintenance requirements due to its brushless design. Thus they are very reliable & have a long lifetime.

22. Application of stepper motor Stepper motor due to its precise positioning is used in industrial machines used for the automatic manufacturing of products, CNC-based machines. It also found applications in medical instruments & machinery as well as in security cameras. Stepper is widely used in electronic gadgets & other smart electronic systems.

23. Interfacing Stepper motor is working using Arduino

24. There are several types of actuators, each of which functions somewhat differently from the other.

25. Pneumatic motor Pneumatic motors are air driven, using either vacuum or compressed air, which converts energy into linear or rotary motion. Air pressure and flow determine both speed and torque. These are used in applications in which positional accuracy is not a requirement.

26. Pneumatic control valves

27. working of pneumatic actuators https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgFU9veDauY

28. Hydraulic motor Hydraulic motors move a piston through a tube using pressurized fluid. The higher the fluid pressure, the higher the torque produced. Hydraulic motors output linear, rotary, or oscillating motion but acceleration is limited. Hydraulic motors are typically inefficient, can be a fire hazard and require more than usual maintenance

29. Stepper motor Stepper motors  (DC motor) are electromechanical, converting a digital pulse into rotational movement or displacement. While stepper motors are not good for varying loads and are typically not energy efficient, they are great for constant loads and positional accuracy.

30. Ac motor (Induction type) AC Motors (induction type) use electric starters to provide connections, startup, and/or overload protection. While Induction motors are more commonly thought of as having constant speeds, the introduction of microprocessor technology provides some variable speed capabilities.

31. Servo motor (DC Motor) Servo motors  (DC motors) are extremely high performing with few weaknesses. Servos provide speed control and position accuracy due to their feedback device, are small, and priced relatively low. Rotating 360 degree.

32. Difference between electrical , Hydraulic and Pneumatic Actuators Electric Hydraulic Pneumatic The danger of electric shock. Electric Shock proof Electric Shock proof The danger of shock due to which fire hazards. Danger of fire hazards due to leakage of his oil. No change of fire hazards , better in mines. If takes more time to pick up the speed. It is very slow for its operation. It is a very quick and fast operation. Design and construction are complicated and costly. Simple in design , but rigid in construction, medium cost. Very simple in construction and design , cheaper in cost. If run for a longer time, its temp. goes on increasing , which may be dangerous to the windings. The temperature increases negligibly due to friction. Harder in the run, and cooler in work. It can not be used for hot surrounding, Winding may burn out. It can not be used for hot surrounding, Winding may burn out. Due to the above property, it can be used for the hot surrounding of temperatures up to 125deg c Dust and moisture damage, due to corrosion No corrosion, But oil and dust make the place dirty and slippery. Absolutely dust resistance and corrosion resistant

33. Thank you