5. Puritan age.pptx

The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit.

1. P uritan AGE (1600-1660)

2. TOPIC 4 ……

3. Karakoram International University Gilgit Prepared by Hajat Hussain Reg No. 2016-kiu-2242 Hajat Hussain 2016-Kiu-2242

4. List of Topics Introduction Three types of Puritan Poetry Famous Poets Jacobean and Caroline Drama Famous Dramatist Jacobean and Caroline Prose Famous Prose Writers

5. Introduction…. The literature of 17 th century divided into two periods– The Puritans Age or Age of Milton and Restoration Period or Age of Dryden. 17 th century was marked by the decline of Renaissance spirit. One important of this period was writing of biography and autobiography.

6. Cont….. The 17 th century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it is called Puritan Age or Age of Milton , who was noblest representatives of Puritan spirit. Puritan movement had two objects– personal righteousness and religious liberty.

7. Puritan Poetry The Puritan poetry is also called the Jacobean and Caroline Poetry during the reigns of James I and Charles I. Poetry can be divided into three parts Poetry of School of Spenser Poetry of Metaphysical School Poetry of Cavalier Poets

8. Poetry of School of Spenser The Spenserians were the followers of Spenser. In spite of changing conditions and literary tastes, they preferred to follow Spenser and considered him as their master. The most famous figures were Phineas Fletcher and Giles Fletcher , both were brothers, priests and fellows of Cambridge University.

9. Cont… Phineas Fletcher wrote a number of Spenserian pastorals and allegories, famous poetry was The Purple Island , a detailed allegory. Giles Fletcher was more lyrical and mystical than his brother. His Christ’s Victorie and Triumph in Heaven and Earth over and after Death, an allegory about a Christ.

10. Cont…. William Browne important poetical work is Britannia’s Pastorals which is shows all the characteristics of Elizabethan Poetry and inspired by Spenser Faerie Queene .

11. Metaphysical School The leader of this school was John Donne, others were Herrick, Carew, Vaughan etc. They are called metaphysical poets. Their poetry was highly philosophical, full of conceits, exaggerations, display of learning and metaphors. Dr. Johnson in his Lives of the Poets used term metaphysical.

12. Characteristics of Metaphysical Poets The metaphysical poets were men of learning. The metaphysical poets were honest, original thinkers. They discussed far and fetched ideas. Full of logic and reasoning. They tried to analyse their feelings and experience. They were aware of life and concerned with death.

13. Famous poets John Donne ( 1537-1631 ) The leader of the Metaphysical school. His main work was to deliver religious sermons, he wrote poetry of a very high order. His best work was The Progress of the Soul, An Anatomy of the World, an elegy and Epithalamium. His poetry divided into 3 parts 1) Amorous 2) Metaphysical 3) Satirical

14. Cont… Robert Herrick (1591-1674) He wrote Amorous as well as religious verse. He has much in common with Elizabethan song writers. Richard Crashaw (1613-1649 ) He was religious poet and his best work is The Flaming Heart.

15. Poetry of Cavalier Poets The leader was Ben Jonson. Jonson followed the classical method in his poetry and drama. He imitated Horace and differ from Shakespeare. Some Cavalier poets were also followers of Donne. Even some typical Poems of Donne and Jonson are very much alike. The Cavalier poets wrote about trivial subjects.

16. Cont…. The important Cavalier poets were Herrick, Lovelace, Suckling and Carew. Richard Lovelace (1618-1658) Follower of King Charles I. His volume of lyrics– Lucasta.

17. John Milton(1608-1674 Milton was the greatest poet of the Puritan age. Wordsworth was paying tribute to Milton. “ Thy soul was like a star, and dwelt apart . In all his poetry, he sings about himself and his own lofty soul. He was deeply religious man. He was a great scholar of classical as well as Hebrew language.

18. Cont…… His early poetry is lyrical. Important poems are The Hymn on the Nativity, L’Allegro, II Penseroso, Lycidas and Comus. The Hymn written in 21 year, shows his lyrical genius. L’Allegro and II Penseroso are full of pleasing descriptions of rural life. Lycidas is pastoral elegy written on death of Milton’s friend.

19. Cont…. He also wrote sonnets such as When the Assault was intended to the City . When the civil war broke out in 1642-1649 he became a Latin secretary to Cromwell . After death of Cromwell he became friendless. Even his wife & daughter turned against him. Milton girded his lions & wrote his greatest poetical works Paradise lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes .

20. Cont….. Subject matter of Paradise Lost is consist of the casting out from Heaven of fallen angles. Their planning of revenge in Hell. Satan’s flight, Man’s temptation and fall from grace Purpose of human existence is” to Justify the ways of God to men” Paradise Lost is called the last great Elizabethan poem. It is written in blank verse.

21. Jacobean and Caroline Drama After Shakespeare drama in England suffered a decline. The real spirit of Elizabethan drama disappeared. Shakespeare took delight in action and the emotions while Jacobean and Caroline Drama gave expression to passive suffering and lack of mental and physical vigour. In Puritan age drama suffered a terrible decline because Puritans closed the theatres in 1642.

22. Famous Dramatist The greatest dramatist was Ben Jonson, Others were John Marston, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, John Fletcher etc. John Marston (1575-1634) He wrote in a violent and extravagant style. His melodrama Antonia and Mellida and Antonia’s Revenge are full of forceful passages. The Malcontent, The Dutch Courtezan and Fawne, he criticised the society in an ironic manner. His best play is Eastward Hoe, a comedy which portrays realistically life of tradesman.

23. Cont….. Thomas Dekker (1570-1632) He was gentle and free from coarseness. Some of his plays possess grace and freshness. He is at best when portraying scenes from life and describing living people. His famous comedy was The Shoemaker’s Holiday , in which a shoemaker and his wife are vividly described. In Old Fortunates his poetical powers are seen at their best.

24. Cont….. John Ford (1586-1639) He was true poet, but a melancholy and gloomy person. His plays were Perkin Warbeck, The Lover’s Melancholy, The Broken Heart and Love Sacrifice, all show a skilful handling of emotions and grace of style. His plays depicted sufferings.

25. Jacobean and Caroline Prose This period was rich in prose. The great prose writers were Bacon, Burton, Milton, Sir Thomas Browne etc. English prose formed into pliable instrument by the Elizabethans, began to be used in various ways, as narrative as well as a vehicle for philosophical and scientific knowledge. For first time great scholars begin to write in English.

26. Cont……. The greatest single influence which enriched English prose was the Authorised Version of the Bible (English translation of Bible). The Bible became the supreme example of earlier English prose-style which was simple, plain and natural.

27. Famous Prose Writers Francis Bacon (1561-1628) He belongs to both Elizabethan and Jacobean Periods. He was a lawyer. As a prose writer he is the master of the aphoristic style. His style is clear. He is best known for his Essays, in which he shares his ideas about successful life. He wrote Henry VII the first piece of scientific history in English language, The Advancement of Learning is a popular exposition of scientific exposition.

28. Cont…. Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667) He was a bishop made himself famous by his literary sermons. He is considered as one of the masters of English eloquence. His best prose works is Holy Living and Holy Dying.

29. References…. A Critical History of English Literature by B.R Mullik History of English Literature By David Daiches Hajat Hussain 2016-Kiu-2242

30. The end …… next Topic:- restoration period