#5 SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 1 Biodiversity and Evolution.pptx

SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 1 BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

1. Biodiversity and Evolution

2. Key Questions What is biodiversity? What are the factors that affect the balance in biodiversity What causes species extinction How do the changes in the environment affect the continued survival of the species What are the local and global issues that contribute to species extinction

3. Ecological Imbalance?

4. Biodiversity Is the term used to describe the number and variety of life found on earth

5. Genetic diversity pertains to the variation of genes within species.

6. Species diversity pertains to the variety and abundance of species within a region.

7. Ecosystem diversity is the variation among groups of organisms in different physical settings.

8. Activity Determine which type of biodiversity is shown in the picture. 8

9. Genetic diversity 9

10. Ecosystem diversity 10

11. Species diversity 11

12. Genetic diversity 12

13. Ecosystem diversity

14. Species diversity 14

15. Population pertains to the number of organisms of the same species living in the same region 15

16. Community composed of different organisms living in the same region. 16

17. Activity Determine whether it is population or community. 17

18. Population 18

19. Community 19

20. Population 20

21. Community 21

22. Population 22

23. What will happen if one population in an area increase Will it affect the distribution of space and food?

24. Biodiversity Index It is a scale of the diversity of plant and animal species in a given area Biodiversity Index = Total # of species in an area____ Total # of individuals in an area

25. Determine the Biodiversity Index of the following: 1. A 4 x 4 meter square area in a carrot patch has 300 carrot plants, all the same species. 25 2. A 4 x 4 meter square area in the forest has 1 pine tree, 1 fern, 1 conifer tree, 1 moss, and 1 lichen, for a total of 5 different species and 5 individuals.   Biodiversity Index = 0.0033

26. Activity Ben is walking in his backyard and saw something peculiar. He counted how many organisms are there. He noticed 3 cats lying on the table, 2 dogs running around the grass, 5 birds chirping around 3 tall trees. Determine the biodiversity index of Ben’s backyard. 26

27. OUTDOOR EXPEDITION Explore the vicinity of your house or garden. List down all the living organisms you will see based on their category. Write the total number of species and total item on the space provided, and lastly, answer the following questions and calculate biodiversity index using the equation given. 27

28. 28

29. Guide questions 1. Which species has the greatest total in number? 2. Which species has the lowest total in number? 3. Calculate the biodiversity index using the given formula below: 29 Biodiversity Index = Total # of species in an area____ Total # of individuals in an area

30. Limiting Factors usually described as lack of particular resources like the availability of food, water, and space 30

31. Carrying capacity It is the size of a biological species that can be sustained in a specific environment, given all the available resources 31

32. Threatened If animals of a particular species are vulnerable at risk in terms the number of population of its kind 32

33. Southeast Asian Box Turtle 33

34. Endangered When the number of species decreases in size, and only a few remain 34

35. Amur Leopard 35

36. Javan Rhino 36

37. Bornean elephant 37

38. Vaquita 38

39. Philippine eagle 39

40. Tamaraw 40

41. Extinction happens if the last member of that species is gone like dinosaurs 41

42. Passenger Pigeon 42

43. Tasmanian Tiger 43

44. Quagga 44

45. What causes an extinction? It could be natural or man-made

46. Activity 1: “Cause & Effect Match-Up” Identify environmental changes and match them to their effects on organisms

47. 🟢 Cause (Environmental Change) 🔵 Effect (Impact on Organisms)

48. Natural Causes Of Extinction

49. Natural Causes of extinction Climate change The sudden changes in the earth’s temperature

50. Natural Causes of extinction Land development conversion of land into residential area or building.

51. Natural Causes of extinction Acid precipitation Is a result of air pollution

52. Natural Causes of extinction Diseases/Epidemic infectious diseases or virulent infectious diseases cause the change in biological populations

53. Natural Causes of extinction Meteoric impact/Cosmic radiation extinction happens when a massive asteroid or meteor hits the surface of the earth

54. Natural Causes of extinction The spread of Invasive species it can change the abundance of diversity or the food web in an ecosystem by destroying and replacing its natural value and number.

55. Man-made Causes Of Extinction

56. Man-made Causes of extinction Deforestation illegal logging, kaingin farming .

57. Man-made Causes of extinction pollution either air or water pollution

58. Man-made Causes of extinction Destruction of coastal resources this is caused by using dynamite in fishing, muro-ami , and the conversion of beach into residences, and overharvesting of fishes

59. Activity The following pictures show the causes of species extinction. Determine which type of causes of extinction is shown.

60. Causes of Extinction

61. 61 _______________1. As a consequence of cutting down trees, we experience soil erosion, floods, and a decrease in wildlife resources. _______________2. Fishkill usually happens when there is an increase in the concentration of organic nutrients that comes from garbage and factories. _______________3. The numbers of species decrease because of habitat loss caused by invasion of human to its natural habitat.

62. 62 _______________4. Cars burn fuel and factories emit harmful gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons that contribute to the increasing temperature within the earth’s surface. _______________5. Overharvesting, damaged mangrove areas, dynamite fishing, and muro-ami are the causes of marine life destruction. _______________6. It is a result of air pollution mostly from factories and motor vehicles.

63. 63

64. 16-15-12-12-21-20-9-15-14 64

65. 8-21-14-20-9-14-7 65

66. 7-5-14-5-20-9-3-19 66

67. 4-9-19-5-1-19-5-19 67

68. 9-14-22-1-19-9-22-5 19-16-5-3-9-5-19 68

69. 4-5-19-20-18-21-3-20-9-15-14 15-6 8-1-2-9-20-1-20 69

70. 3-12-9-13-1-20-5 3-8-1-14-7-5 70

71. 3-8-1-14-7-5-19 9-14 12-1-14-4-19-3-1-16-5 71

72. 6-9-19-8-9-14-7 72

73. 15-22-5-18 8-1-18-22-5-19-20-9-14-7 73

74. 74 16-15-12-12-21-20-9-15-14 8-21-14-20-9-14-7 7-5-14-5-20-9-3-19 4-9-19-5-1-19-5-19 9-14-22-1-19-9-22-5 19-16-5-3-9-5-19 4-5-19-20-18-21-3-20-9-15-14- 15-6 8-1-2-9-20-1-20 3-12-9-13-1-20-5 3-8-1-14-7-5 3-8-1-14-7-5-19 5 9-14 12-1-14-4-19-3-1-16- 6-9-19-8-9-14-7 15-22-5-18 8-1-18-22-5-19-20-9-14-7

75. EVOLUTION Describes the gradual change of organisms from one state to another 75

76. Geologic timescale Is a timetable of the earth’s history

77. Paleozoic era (prehistoric life) – The existence of marine invertebrates; the development of marine life

78. Pteridophyta

79. Trilobite

80. Cephalopods

81. Mesozoic era (middle life) The existence of largest creatures.

82. Tyrannosaurus rex

83. Ammonite

84. Pterosaurs

85. Cenozoic era (recent life) The existence of warm-blooded animals

86. Woolly mammoth

87. Litoptern

88. SHORT QUIZ ¼ Sheet of paper

89. SHORT QUIZ ___________ is the term used to describe the number and variety of life found on Earth There are three (3) types of diversity. These are: _______ diversity, ________ diversity and _________ diversity. __________ of ecosystem pertains to the number of organisms of the same species living in the same region. ____________ are composed of different organisms living in the same region. . _________________ is a scale of diversified plant and animal species at a given area.

90. 90 6. _________________ are usually described as lack of particular resources like the availability of food, water, and space.. 7. _________________ is the size of a biological species that can be sustained in a specific environment, given all the available resources. 8. When the number of species decreases in size, and only a few remain, that species is considered as _____________. 9. If animals of a particular species are vulnerable at risk in terms of the number of population of its kind, it is said to be _____________. 10. _____________________ can change the abundance of diversity or the food web in an ecosystem by destroying and replacing its natural value and number.

91. 91 11, ____________________ is caused by using dynamite in fishing, muro-ami , the conversion of beach into residences, and overharvesting of fishes. 12. . ____________ happens if the last member of that species is gone like dinosaurs. 13. . ____________ describes the gradual change of organism from one state to another 14. ______________ is a timetable of the earth’s history. 15. _______________ is the existence of warm-blooded animals and humans.

92. thank you