6. Endocrine disorder introduction.pdf ch

Endocrine

1. ENDOCRINE
DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION
Tima-ade University
Dr. Muse Aynanshe

2. •Humanendocrinesystemisagroupofductlessglands
thatregulatebodyprocessesbysecretingchemical
substancescalledhormones.
•Hormonesactonnearbytissuesorarecarriedinthe
bloodstreamtoactonspecifictargetorgansanddistant
tissues.
INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
•Endocrinologymeans{endo-within,crino-secrete,logy-study}
•Endocrinologyisthestudyandunderstandingofhormone
secretion,hormoneactionandprinciplesoffeedbackcontrol.
•Theendocrinesystemisevaluatedprimarilybymeasuring
hormoneconcentrations
•Mostdisordersoftheendocrinesystemareamenableto
effectivetreatmentoncethecorrectdiagnosisisdetermined.

4. •Diseasesoftheendocrinesystemcanresultfromthe
oversecretionorundersecretionofhormoneorfromthe
inabilityoftargetorgansortissuestorespondtohormone
effectively.
•Theendocrinesystemisthecollectionofglandsthat
producehormonesthatregulatemetabolism,growthand
development,tissuefunction,sexualfunction,
reproduction,sleepandmood,amongotherthings.
INTRODUCTION

5. THE ENDOCRINE ORGANS
1.Hypothalamus
2.Pituitary gland
3.Thyroid gland
4.Parathyroid gland
5.Adrenal gland
6.Pancreatic islet cells
7.Gonads
8.Others
INTRODUCTION

6. INTRODUCTION

7. Thenurseasksthepatientaboutthechiefcomplaint
•Apatientwithanendocrinedisordermayreportabnormalitiesof
•fatigue,
•mentalstatuschanges,
•polydipsia,polyuria,
•weakness,andweightchange
•Thepatientwithanendocrinedisordermayalsoreportproblemsof
sexualmaturityandfunction
NURSING HISTORY FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

8. NURSING HISTORY FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT
Thenursethenquestionsthepatientabouthispresent
illness
Askthepatientabouthissymptom,includingwhenitstarted,
associatedsymptoms,location,radiation,intensity,duration,
frequency,andprecipitatingandalleviatingfactors
Askabouttheuseofprescriptionandover-the-counterdrugs,
herbalremedies,andvitaminandnutritionalsupplements

9. Thenurseasksaboutmedicalhistory
•Questionthepatientaboutotherendocrinedisorders,suchas
diabetesmellitus,Addison’sdisease,andCushing’sdisease;
heightandweightproblems;sexualproblems;andthyroid
disease
•Askthefemalepatientaboutpastreproductiveproblemsand
useoforalcontraceptivesandhormones;alsoaskwhether
she’spremenopausalorpostmenopausal
NURSING HISTORY FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

10. Thenursethenassessesthefamilyhistory
•Askaboutafamilyhistoryofendocrinedisorders,suchasdiabetes
mellitusandthyroiddisorders
•Questionthepatientabouthisculturalbackgroundandheredity
Thenurseobtainsasocialhistory
•Askaboutwork,exercise,diet,useofrecreationaldrugs,alcoholuse,and
hobbies
•Alsoaskaboutstress,supportsystems,andcopingmechanisms
NURSING HISTORY FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

11. Thenursebeginswithinspection
•Observethepatient’sgeneralappearanceanddevelopment,
height,weight,posture,bodybuild,proportionalityofbody
parts,anddistributionofbodyfatandhair
•Noteaffect,speech,levelofconsciousness,orientation,
appropriatenessofbehavior,groominganddress,and
activitylevel
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

12. Thenursebeginswithinspection
•Assessoverallskincolor,turgor,andmoistureand,forareasof
abnormalpigmentation,noteanybruising,lesions,petechiae,
orstriae
•Assessthefaceforerythematousareas,notingfacialexpression,
shape,andsymmetryoftheeyes;alsonoteabnormallid
closure,eyeballprotrusion,andperiorbitaledema,ifpresent
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

13. The nurse begins with inspection
•Inspectthetongueforcolor,size,lesions,tremor,and
positioning
•Inspecttheneckareaforsymmetry
•Evaluatetheoverallsize,shape,andsymmetryofthechest,
notinganydeformities,especiallyaroundthenipples
•Checkfortruncalobesity,supraclavicularfatpads,andbuffalo
hump
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

14. The nurse begins with inspection
•Inspecttheexternalgenitaliafornormaldevelopment
•Inspectthearmsandlegsfortremors,muscledevelopmentand
strength,symmetry,color,hairdistribution,andedema
•Examinethefeet,notingsize,deformities,lesions,marksfrom
shoesandsocks,maceration,dry-ness,orfissures
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT

15. Next,thenurseusespalpation
•Palpatethethyroidglandforsize,symmetry,andshape;noteany
nodulesorirregularities
•Palpatethetestesforsize,symmetry,andshape;noteany
nodulesordeformities
Thenthenurseusesauscultation
Auscultatethethyroidglandtoidentifysystolicbruits
Auscultatetheheart,notingheartrhythmdisturbancesthatmay
occurinendocrinedisorders
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ENDOCRINE
DISORDER PATIENT