6. Pome,papaya,aonla.for ultimate good ppt

Ppt

1. AEN 302 PESTS OF HORTICULTURAL AND
PLANTATION CROPS (1+1)
LEC No. Title
6. Pomegranate, Papaya, Aonla

2. POMEGRANATE

3. Major pests
1. Anar butterfly /
Fruit borer
Virachola isocrates /
Rapala varuna
Lycaenidae Lepidoptera
2. Castor semilooperAchaea janata Noctuidae Lepidoptera
3. Fruitfly Bactrocera zonata Tephritidae Diptera
4. Fruit borer Conogethes punctiferalis Pyraustidae Lepidoptera
5. Aphid Aphis punicae Aphididae Hemiptera
Minor pests
6. Whitefly Siphonimus phillyreae Aleyrodidae Hemiptera
7. Mealybug Ferrisia virgata;
Pseudococcus lilacinus
Pseudococcidae Hemiptera
8. Thrips Retithrips syriacus,
Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus
Thripidae Hemiptera
9. Slugcaterpillar Latoia (Parasa) lepida Cochlididae Lepidoptera
10.Hairy caterpillarEuproctis fraterna
Porthesia scintillans
Lymantridae Lepidoptera
11.Eriophyidmite Aceria granati Eriophyidae Acari
12.Red spider mite Tetranychus punicae Tetranychidae Acari
13.Bagworm Clania crameri Psychidae Lepidoptera

4. Anar butterfly: Deudorix (Virachola) isocrates
Lycaenidae: Coleoptera
Distribution
▪All over India
Host range
▪Pomegranate, Apple, Ber, Guava, Citrus, Pear, Peach, Plum, Sapota, Mulberry and
Tamarind
Biology
•Egg period-7-10 days; Eggs laid singly on the calyx of flowers
•Larval period-18-47 days;
–Full grown caterpillar- dark brown in colour and whitish patches all over the body
•Pupal period-7-34 days;
–Pupation: inside the fruit
•Adult:
–Female: glossy brownish violet in colour
–Male: bluish violet in colour

5. Damage
•Infested fruits with bore holes plugged with anal segment of larva
•Severe infestation -fruit rotting and dropping
Management
•Remove calyx from fruits to prevent hatching of eggs and subsequent damage
•Collect and destroy infested fruits
•Cover the fruits with polythene or muslin bags during flowering period to prevent
egg laying when fruits are upto 5 cm dia
•Adopt ETL ( 5 eggs/ plant with bearing capacity of 60 fruits)
•Spray neem oil 3% or neem seed kernel extract 5% or spinosad 0.4ml/l at the time
of butterfly activity. Repeat if necessary twice at an interval of 15 days – oviposition
deterrent
•Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ acre
•Insecticide: Dimethoate 30EC 1.5ml/lit

6. Castor semilooper, Achaea janata, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
Host plants
•Castor, rose, pomegranate, tea, citrus, and manago
Egg:
•Laid on tender leaves. EP: 2-5 D
Larva:
•Slender – of varied colour with longitudinal stripes of red
and white on body- Body colour changes to velvetty black
•A pair of reddish anal processes; LP: 11-15 D
•Caterpillar walks with a semi looping motion
Pupation in soil and PP: 10-14 D
Adult:
•Stout bodied and of a fairly large size
•Forewings - pale-reddish brown
•Hindwings possess a medially white patch and three large
white patches on outer margin on a black background
•Unlike other noctuid moths, adults -fruit sucking moths-
serious damage to pomegranate, citrus and other fruits
❖Larva feeds on leaves while the
adult moth pierces the fruits
with its proboscis for feeding,
causing injury on the surface of
fruits

7. Shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis;
F: Crambidae (Pyraustidae); O: Lepidoptera
Distribution:
•India, Australi, Myanmar, Srilanka, China, Indonesia
and Malaysia
•Widely distributed throughout India
Host range
•Castor, Mango, Sorghum, Guava, Peaches,
Cardomom, Ginger. Turmeric, Pomegranate, and
Avacado
Symptoms :
•Secondary fruit piercing
•Fruits with bore holes
•Peduncle and capsules show galleries made of silk
and frass

8. Shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis…
Egg:
•On developing capsules; EP: 6 days
Larva:
•Pale greenish with pinkish tinge, black
blotches and fine hairs with dark head and
prothoracic shield
•LP: 12-16 D
Pupation: Inside stem or capsules PP: 7-10 D
Adult:
•Yellowish with black spots on both pair of
wings
Total life cycle: 25 – 33 D

9. Fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, Tephritidae; Diptera
•Maggots feed on pulp of fruits and symptoms of damage include of rotting,
brown resinuous fluid from fruits, distorted and malformed fruits
premature dropping of fruits and unfit for consumption
•Maggot -white and apodous.
•Adult- with hyaline wings or brownish with pale yellow band on 3
rd
tergite.

11. Aphid: Aphis punicae (Aphididae: Hemiptera)
Damage symptoms
•Both nymphs and adults infest leaves causing curling, yellowing of leaves and
wilting of terminal shoots and premature fruit drop
Bionomics
•Greenish brown in colour
•Winged as well as wingless form reproduces parthenogenetically and viviparous
Management
•Prune and burn infested shoots
•Dimethoate 30 EC or monocrotophos 36 SL ml or methyl demeton 25 EC at 750
ml or imidachloprid 200 SL 125 ml per ha in 500 – 1000 L off water per ha
•Apply carbofuran 3 G at 33 kg per ha
•Release Chrysoperla carnea at 15 larvae/ flowering branch four times at 10 days
interval starting from flower initiation

13. Whitefly: Siphonimus phillyreae (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera)
•Infests lower surface of leaves and causes yellowing
Mealybug: Ferrisia virgata; Pseudococcus lilacinus (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera)
•Nymphs, pale green, winged and wingless adults suck the sap from tender twigs,
leaves and buds.
•Yellowing of leaves, wilting of terminal shoots, blighted appearance of flower buds
and dropping of fruits prematurely.
Thrips: Retithrips syriacus, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus (Thripidae: Thysanoptera)
•Both nymphs and adults lacerate tender leaves in margins and suck the sap from
exuding lacerated material.
•Silvery white patches and yellowing and withering of affected leaves
•Grapes, pomegranate, cashew, other shrubs such as Lagerstroemia, Jatropha and
Ricinus.

15. Bagworm: Clania crameri (Psychidae: Lepidoptera)
Habitat / Crop(s) damaged
▪Coffee, tea, maize, pomegranate, tamarind, castor,
sandal, casuarina, cinnamon, Shorea robusta.
Damage symptoms
•Caterpillar scrapes the tissues of leaves causing
circular holes on the leaf surface -causes severe
defoliation.
Bionomics
•Female moth – apterous
•Maggot like and male moth – winged
•Eggs - laid within the pupal case
•Larva constructs case and remaining within and
feed on the leaves -becomes full grown in five
weeks

16. Cerosterna scabratrix, Cerambycidae,
Coleoptera
Habitat / Crop(s) damaged:
Mango, pomegranate, casuarina

17. Nettle caterpillar Parasa lepida Limacodidae Lepidoptera

18. Management of sucking pests
•Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts with life stages of insects
•Removal of weed plants and ensure clean cultivation
•Use yellow sticky traps
•Release of early instar Chrysoperla zastrowi silemmi @ 50 grubs /
flowering branch four times at 10days interval as a general predator for
all sucking pests
•Release Acerophagous papayae for the mealybugs
•Dimethoate 1.5 ml/l or imdacloprid 17.8 EC 0.3 ml/l or thiamethoxam
25 WG 0.4 g / l or buprofezin 25 EC 1.5 ml/l
•For scale spray quinalphos 25 EC 2.5 ml/l

19. Eriophyid mite:Aceria granati(Eriophyidae: Acari)
•Both nymphs and adults damage by rolling edges of leaves and remain inside
•Infested leaves become linear and deformed
Red spider mite: Tetranychus punicae (Tetranychidae: Acari)
•Both nymphs and adults feeds on upper leaf surfaces results in bronzing of
leaves
Management
•Collect and destroy the damaged leavess
•Dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/l or fenpyroximate 5 EC 1 ml/l during new flush and
flower formation stage

20. AMLA
1.Fruit borer Duodorix (Virachola)
isocrates
Lycaenidae Lepidoptera
2.Leaf roller Caloptilia (=Gracillaria)
acidula
Gracillariidae Lepidoptera
3.Bark eating caterpillarIndarbela tetraonis Metarbelidae Lepidoptera
4.Shoot gall maker Betousa stylophora Thyridae Lepidoptera
5.Aphid Setaphis bougainvilleaeAphididae Hemiptera
6.Whitefly Trialeurodes rara Aleyrodidae Hemiptera
7.Mealy Bug Ferrisia virgata Pseudococcidae Hemiptera

21. Fruit borer, Virachola isocrates,
F: Lycaenidae, O: Lepidoptera
•It causes severe damage to the fruits, which led to significant economic
loss to the growers.
• It attacks all the varieties of amla.
•The caterpillar burrows into the fruit in different phases of maturity.
•The light brown young caterpillar is found to attack the tender fruits, while
the grown up blackish brown hairy caterpillar attacks even the matured
fruits.
•Tender fruits infested by the pest turn brown initially, and become black
later.
•Matured fruits start decaying from one side, which gradually spreads all
over, before they fall off.

23. Leaf rollerCaloptilia (=Gracillaria) acidula
F: Gracillariidae O:Lepidoptera
Slender yellow larvae mine part or whole of the leaflets of compound leaves and
leaflets turns pale brown or dark brown. In severe attack, the leaflets are twisted up
to form cocoons. Adult is a small, brownish moth
Management
•Clean cultivation
•Collection and destruction of infested plant parts along with leaf roller
•Spray application of dimethaote 0.03% and quinalphos 0.025%

24. Bark BorerIndarbela tetraonis
Management
•Keep orchard clean
•Collect loose and damaged bark & destroy
•Kill larvae by inserting iron spike or wire into hole
•Spot application of 10 ml monocrotophos or
fenthion in 1 lit of water
Symptomsof damage
•Make tunnels in the main trunk and branches
•Larvae construct loose irregular webbing of silken threads
•Deterioration of vitality
•Reduction in yield

25. Shoot gall maker, Betousa stylophora.
F: Thyridae; O: Lepidoptera
•Young caterpillar bore into the apical portion of the shoot and make tunnel
resulting in development of gall. Apical growth is arrested and side shoots develop
below the gall.
Attacks amla nurseries and orchards in rainy season between June and August.
The larva of the moth tunnels the apical portion of the shoot and the infested
portion bulges into a gall. It results in stunted growth of the trees.
By the end of the monsoon in September- October, fully formed galls can be
seen on the tops of the branches, showing a deformed and restricted growth with
small leaflets on the top of the shoots.

27. Aphid, Setaphis bougainvilleae,
F: Aphididae; O: Hemiptera
•Nymph and adults suck sap by remaining on the
undersurface of leaves resultig in yellowing of leaves

28. Whitefly,Trialeurodes rara;
F:Aleyrodidae; O:Hemiptera
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from undersurface of
leaves resultig in yellowing of leaves on dorsal side in
patches

29. Mealy Bug,Ferrisia virgata; F:
Pseudococcidae; O: Hemiptera
•Presence of white, cottony-nymphs and adult mealy bugs
on the leaves and twigs resulting in stunted growth.
•Crawlers are yellowish to pale white in colour.
•Adult female is long, slender having a pair of long glossy
wax filaments at caudal end.

30. Metallic shield bug-Scutellera perplexa (Westwood)

31. PESTS OF PAPAYA
1.Papaya
mealybug
Paracoccus marginatusPseudococcidaeHemiptera
2.WhiteflyBemisia tabaci Aleyrodidae Hemiptera
3.Aphids Aphis gossypii,
Myzus persicae
Aphididae Hemiptera
4.Fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus)
dorsalis
Tephritidae Diptera
5.Ash
weevils
Myllocerus spp Curculionidae Coleoptera

32. Papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus
Pseudococcidae, Hemiptera
First recorded in Mexico July, 2008

33. Host plants-Horticultural crops

34. Host plants-Horticultural crops

35. Host plants- Other crops

36. Invasive pest- first recorded in India in Coimbatore during 2008
Now spread in kerala, Karnataka, maharastra
Symptoms
•Infestation appears on above ground parts on leaves, stem and fruits as
clusters of cotton-like masses
•Sucks the sap by inserting its stylets into the epidermis of the leaf, fruit
and stem
•While feeding injects a toxic substance into the leaves, resulting in
chlorosis, plant stunting, leaf deformation or crinkling, early leaf and
fruit drop, and death of plants
•Honeydew excreted by bug results in the formation of black sooty mould
which interferes in the photosynthesis process and causes further
damage to the crops.
•Heavy infestations - capable of rendering fruit inedible due to the
buildup of thick white waxy coating.

44. Whitefly,Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; Hemiptera
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from undersurface of the leaves
•Infested plant shows leaf curling, crinkling , distortion of leaves,
reduction of leaf lamina, rolling of leaf margins inward and
downward, thickening of veins, leathery, brittle and distorted.
•Plants stunted and does not produce flowers and fruits.
*Vector -papaya leaf curl virus

45. Spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus
Host plants
•A highly polyphagous introduced pest with over 160 host plants
including agricultural and horticultural crops and ornamentals
Management
•Acephate 75 SP 2g/l or actamaprid 20 SP 0.4g/l or buprofezin
25 EC 1.0ml/l or imidacloprid 0.4 ml/l

46. Aphids, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae; Aphididae; Hemiptera
•Affected leaves shows vein clearing, puckering and chlorophyll leaf tissues lobbing in,
margin and distal parts of leaves roll downward and inwards, mosaic mottling, dark green
blisters, leaf distortion which result in shoe string symptom and stunting of plants.
•On fruits circular concentric rings produced.
*Vector -Papaya Ring Spot Virus.

47. Fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis, Tephritidae; Diptera
•Maggots puncture into semi-ripe fruits with decayed spots result in
oozing of fluid, and brownish rotten patches on fruits and dropping
of fruits.
•Maggot is yellowish
•Adult fly is light brown with transparent wings