627b6a206b4795001142fe30_##_Locomotion and Movement in 1 shot (Part -2) _ Class Notes.pdf

this is very useful for all students.

1. UMMEED 2.0 *

TOPIC NAME : Locomotion and Movement part 2

Dr Nomesh

2. Skeleton ®

exoskeleton endoskeleton

+nt on the external / Found inside our body
Vv on the exte

Surface 3 ae Y Made piel Bones and als
Y Derived from tre epidermis Y Made up of a cells

Y Made “A dead cells
e Nails, hovns, feathers,

Claus and scales

v a laa — Solid, Pliable
(glexib

Bone— Haydn.

3. YN
Endoskeleton ®
(Bones)
or
Skeletal
System
po! / Axial skeletal Appendicular
pa tn — Skull (24) a Ventra Skeleton
= Ssociated with — Sternum Chest) (1) Pa = Girdles
D fade! Y o 5 Ribs (12 pans 24) Girdle ; Pelvic
ody — Vertebval— Doysa] AUOT ENS tal
Uppey
eo, „Se ka
So bones M si

limb

4. 5

Skull
O Coanium _ Bones (8)
Y Frontal (1) Cvaninn lee

V Parietal (2)
Inside cranium Is +nt
ier Oy brain Notch like structures

Y Occipital @) occipital pe see
Y Sphenoid (1) Occipital bone:
Y Elhambid ©) Condules

2— Dicondylie
Skul

5. Nasal (2) /

N
|
Lacrimal (2)x|

Inferior nasal

Zygomatic (2)

e e
\ y
Mandible (1) AN” Vomer (1)

14 facial bones

YN
Q

Facial part — part 2 ( 14 bones)
v Nasal bone (2)

v Palatine (2)
v Injerior nasal Concha (2)

Zugomati
v <ggematic (2) Y Lacrymal (2)

Y Maxilla > Upper jaw

U Mandible (> Lower Jaw)
V Vomey 0)

6. Skull

a.
ear ossicles (3) x2 = (8)
— Small bones
— Found in middle ear

> Nalleu
zyme bone © —Íncus — Stapes

ia Hyoid bone

7. 5 2 vs
=] mos LE
ER v $33 eee
ae ee Le
3943 TES
als = aS 3

8. Uke nt] Fibres axe ve
¡Ke | tvansluscent| Fibre ie

q l
arte 9% less Ma
y Ribs
—
| 12 pay
— Thin plat
». bones

*

ES
Ss
—
DZ

Ribs are Y
3 types

ve
\
|

0 Tue Ribs (3 pai)
Vertebro Stewnal vibs
il a Tia ave connected ty — These vibs ave connected to
= s > -
> Ventral side they are connected to a eu Er Mf
Sternum

9. __, Qlass Like | transluscemt| Fibres ave ve
d | Bl ess in anbutt

axtilage

= Ribs.
= 12 paly
= Thin flat
<— bones
= Ribs ave
3 types

as
@ False Ribs. Ribs ~@, 4, 10)
(Vextebre - chondvel vibs)

A TG
[a side unite with verte bral ne BA pepe EN also
cant aged cta te Myaline una
Mage] 7Hpair g RL eee them on
entra] side

10. 95 Like | tvansluscent/ Fibres axe very

artilege less in amount
— Ribs
home |2 pay
= Thin flat
= bones
—. Ribs ave 4
a atyp
ST 4 es
Protect
our
LM and 12% pay q Ribs Kidneys
ei ed Ribe
—Verte bral
Ribs

— Only connected to Vertebral Colum on LE
—n nackten on ventral side ide

11. &

sal
zu sce EL butin

Y Made up g 3erially arvanged units called
Vertebrae

Vertebrae Cervical 7
E Cexvical Thyyacic Lumbar Sacral

Condition 2 12 E Ez
Er Vertebrae 50) = 33 vertebrae
Weve Present In

É

ahs Alter 7 | Our loetal
bith oe E Lumbar” e.
(adult) Ss Re)
Dacrum Coccyx

1 7
Tail bone

12. Vertebral _ back bone

Column,
. mos >
Cervical _, mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
Vertebrac, occipital condyle
feck occipital

137 Cexvical vertebra = Atlas

and Cervical Veytebya EE
Thovacic vertebrae Cn) 8
= Chest Region (Dorsal)

— Ribs articulate with these vertebrae

13. &

All 12 pairs e Ribs

fara 1ST Rib
ave connected to I2

Thovacic vertebrae

+ Stevaum(V)
Ribs (V, L,D)
CD) Vertebral calum

Rib core % Each Rib is connected
at 2places with
each vertebra
on dorsal side
hence our
Ribs ave
Called
Ribs
Sacrum — RE te structure
¿drmed by Jusión e] 5 Aacval

“vertebrae. This is +nt m
Pelvic avea-

Rib

E la
= Thickest, L Laia Vertebrae

—A boom nel region -

Lumbar verte (5)

14. Importance 4 Vertebral Column ®

Y Forms main rameworn 4 Funk Region anti:
Fer]

fi
Y The ts a hole M \ tener bral

each vertebra called neural canal |
neuyal canal, so Verte bral
. jovamen
Spinal cord d BJu 2 adjacent

Passes through the NT!
Verte byal La thru this hole
Vie Protects spinal cord

7 Dit are attached back muscles

Vertebrae 15 +nt a
Cart: lag inous

Intervertebyal disc
> This disc provides

V Gives Support to the skull Slight flexibility to
Yo VC

V Helps us to stand erect walk ] Run,

15. Pectoral girdle (2)a=4

€ach pectoral girdle
Consist g 2 bones

_ capula —Clavicle

PRET
Toionqulay bone |
Dovsal side vent
anda Rib
Clavicle
az | Fc Scapula arises a elevated

2idge call
> kero. quads led Spite. es
Nich Projects outwards and ts called.

Process d d
o (cromo,

sl Mon process: To this Proc
lavicle articulates clavicle Process

16. head &

Gixales = Ÿ

Pectoral givale — connect the

2 Scapula
ane upper limbs to axial skeleton
gleneid r

Cant Pelvic _givdle — Connect lower Limbs
towhich head | to axial skeleton
hymerous

articulates-

17. Humerus:

Radius —— — Ulna

— Metacarpals

Digits ——

Hand bones (a hands X30= 60)
V Humerus (1)
y UVlna (1)
v Radius (1)
V Carpals (8)—wrist
Y Meta cavpals (5)— palm
v Phaknges (ty) 31n each ares

2 19 thumb

30

&

18. felvie girdle Vertebval Q

Column
Formed y 2 Coxal Pelvie girdle

bones/ hip bones

cartilage y
VA Cavity called Each Coxal bone 15 formed

acetabulam à ut = fusion y 3 bones
in coxal bone, Head

ZLlium (Il
q emur articulates | es
Ischium Small
here X Pubis Intestine

Y Both coxal bones unite
and the jomt in bw Is made up
q Cartilage and is Called pubic
Symphysis

19. Leq|Lower Limb x 2 = Go Bones

Appendiculav
Skeletog Femuy (1)
Pectoral =Y Tibia (1)
girdle Fibula (1)

en 2 Tarsals (7) — ankle
Metatarsaly —(5)— Sole

Hand = 60 Phalanges (I 4 Fingers, [toes
Lez = 60 Patella (Knee cap) (1)
a

30

126

&

20. Joints

y Joint is a structuve present whee 2 bones articulate (Unite)

y à Bones never clivectiy
be Connect

it — ensure movement:

L Movabilit dJonts
Fée el LES
Je mt Cartı laz ¡nous

12
pi Synovial
ve a Nat

7

21. ®

Fibrous putt z meh _, Their 15 no movement Seen in the 2 bones
Ge Where this pint is +at-
‚nat flexible

8 igi pores

| Be r ei EN
Collagen by
Tee eq Gutures) present blio
be Cranial bones

Connective
tissue

22. ARR

Join
Amphiarthrose

V Slight movement possible

v Jomt 15 Made up Corteza
v e Pubic symphysis

C9 intervertebral disc — Blu 2 vertebrae

23. nwial / M 1 À b
gaol / Diarthrose > ighly mes novia|

I Plane
Shape + movement

Pre

I Is a ovat gel bw à bones
and this pint consist synovial

membrate and synoviek fluid. |
'S 4at Y 2 bones Br p Synovial

lubricatın h
jit Ge
bones, so that

Movement across

Exa
becomes very E

24. Mi 4 Synovi I joints
Types. novial 2 range
(0) ball and Socket Jont — Bw humerus and genia cavity Y

Lea pula
ce Femur and acetabulam Eu girdle
> hip joint

a Hinge joint — al
+ : ol get / DP
Knee Jomt e Zt Joint — Bho À and

Ri E
6 en At vertebrae

0 a ee

mt — Bo Carpals ov
6) Saddle Jot — Bo car, eye Tarsals nodding wovements head

PA and : .
Metacarpal & thumb © Condyloid jet _ pe
as Veytebva

25. Disorders

y Hrtheitis - Inflammation in Je] Joints and movment: across Me
E Jot became panel
— Swellin |
—=> Redness

Y Y Gout — i ;

ad inflammation À Jonts due to gti Uric acid
port «he Crystals m Joints a
e > Gout 7 a type a arthritis

Se Osteoporusis :
Fibres: and minerals à
4

ve bone mati
WS LJ the bone mass a Seale
Mens, 2g bone becomes weak and

SO Y
qe delicienc

drsctuve one
Heads to osteoporosis

26. ad
HANK - Y
OU

O