651960557-Q4-LESSON-3-PLANTS-AND-ANIMAL-ORGAN-SYSTEM.pptx

biology

1. PLANTS AND ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEM: GAS EXCHANGE, TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. PLANTS GAS EXCHANGE In aquatic plants, water passes among the tissues and provides the medium for gas exchange. In terrestrial plants, air enters the tissues, and the gases diffuse into the moisture bathing the internal cells. In plants, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through the stomata and the intercellular spaces of the leaves, and the lenticels of the bark.

4. PLANTS: GAS EXCHANGE IN ROOTS ROOTS can perform gas exchange - using outgrowths on the roots called root hairs . - root hairs increase the surface area -requires soil to be aerated and moist

5. PLANTS: GAS EXCHANGE IN LEAVES LEAVES can perform gas exchange -Using air holes called stomata (singular = stoma ) -A pair of guard cells open and close the stoma 

6. PLANTS: GAS EXCHANGE IN STEMS STEMS can perform gas exchange Using air holes called stomata , like leaves On woody stems, the stomata leave white marks called lenticels

7. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS The plant transport food, water and minerals through its system by using the xylem and the phloem . Xylem vessels are composed of dead lignified cells connected end to end. Phloem is composed of sieve tubes, which are closely associated with companion cells to facilitate movement of materials across the cell cytoplasm.

8. T ranspiration Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants. Stomatal Transpiration Stomatal transpiration is the evaporation of water from a plant’s stomata.   Cuticular Transpiration Cuticular transpiration is the evaporation of water from a plant’s cuticle. The cuticle is a waxy film that covers the surface of a plant’s leaves. Lenticular Transpiration Lenticular transpiration is the evaporation of water from the lenticles of a plant. Lenticels are small openings in the bark of branches and twigs.

9. ANIMALS: INTERNAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM For gas exchange to reach all parts of the body, animals require a vascular system . Most organisms have a circulatory system , which is a vascular system which flows due to muscular control.

10. ANIMALS: INTERNAL TRANSPORT AT ITS SIMPLEST Internal transport at its simplest For unicellular organisms, gases and other substances enter through diffusion . Streaming of the cytoplasm helps distribute materials around the cell. Unicellular organisms do not have blood.

11. ANIMALS: INTERNAL TRANSPORT AT ITS SIMPLEST   For small multicellular organisms (i.e. planarian), fluid containing dissolved gases, nutrients, and other substances is ingested . The fluid flows freely within the organism’s cavities, sometimes assisted by the organism’s movements . A simple transport system does not require blood.

12. ANIMALS: THE OPEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM Open transport system: Blood does not stay contained within blood vessels. Blood bathes cells directly. Blood sloshes back and forth. Most suited to insects like the grasshopper.

13. ANIMALS: THE CLOSED TRANSPORT SYSTEM The closed transport system Closed transport system: Blood is completely enclosed in vessels. Blood is pumped by muscular contractions.

14. ANIMALS: THE CLOSED TRANSPORT SYSTEM The closed transport system: - Earthworms (annelids) - Gases diffuse through the skin into the blood vessels. - 5 accessory hearts known as aortic arches (thickened blood vessels with muscular walls) contract to pump the blood forward.

15. ANIMALS: THE CLOSED TRANSPORT SYSTEM The closed transport system Closed transport system:  Fish Gases diffuse through gills into blood. Blood travels through the heart only once during each complete circuit around the body.

16. ANIMALS: THE CLOSED TRANSPORT SYSTEM Closed transport system:  Amphibians Lungs for gas exchange. Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs, and then back to the heart to be pumped again. Oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood in the heart. Amphibians make up for this by performing skin respiration . 3-chamber heart

17. ANIMALS: THE CLOSED TRANSPORT SYSTEM Closed transport system:  Birds and mammals Lungs for gas exchange. Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs, and then back to the heart to be pumped again. Oxygenated blood DOES NOT MIX with deoxygenated blood in the heart. This is due to a 4-chamber heart 4-chamber heart

18. THE HEART Made of specialized cardiac muscle tissue. Human heart is divided into 4 chambers: 1 atrium and 1 ventricle on each side of the heart. Atria Receive blood Ventricles Pump blood

19. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMAN

20. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM