6G seminar report for computer science and engineering B.tech, M.tech.

6G complete seminar PPT for GIET autonomous college Rajahmundry. This is a ppt on 5G technology covering detailed overview of 6G, its features, evolution of 6g from 5g. It's applications, Megatrends and a detailed overview of its architecture also.

1. Advanced Connectivity 6G is anticipated to offer terabit- level speeds and ultra- low latency, significantly surpassing the capabilities of 5G. This improvement is expected to enable applications that require extremely high data rates and near- instantaneous response times. Integration of AI Unlike previous generations, 6G is expected to have native AI capabilities. AI integration will not just be an add- on but a fundamental component, allowing for more efficient network operations, personalized services, and advanced data analytics. Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence 6G aims to transform the network into a distributed neural network, integrating communication, sensing, and computing . This would enable seamless convergence of the physical, biological, and digital worlds, creating an 'Intelligence of Everything ' environment. Network Slicing and Flexibility Building on the network slicing capabilities of 5G, 6G will likely enhance this feature, offering more customized and dynamic network slices for various applications, from industrial IoT to virtual reality. INTRODUCTION TO 6G Overview of 6G Technology

2. Enhanced IoT Integration With 6G, the number of connected devices and the scale of IoT networks will grow exponentially. 6G will provide the infrastructure to support a vast IoT ecosystem, connecting trillions of devices efficiently. Sustainability and Energy Efficiency A key focus of 6G will be on sustainable and energy-efficient network operations. This includes green technology solutions and energy harvesting methods to reduce the environmental impact of large-scale networks. Non- Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) 6G is expected to integrate terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (including satellite and airborne networks) to ensure global coverage, including remote and rural areas.

3. From Connectivity to Intelligence While 5G focuses on connecting people, things, and data, 6G is poised to advance this concept by integrating intelligence into the network. This means not just connecting things but making those connections smart and autonomous. Enhanced Speed and Capacity 5G introduced significant improvements in speed and capacity over 4G, but 6G will take this to a new level, with expected peak data rates (speed i n terabits per second ) . Improved Latency 5G already offers reduced latency compared to 4G, but 6G aims to achieve even lower latency, potentially reaching the sub- millisecond level, which is critical for applications like remote surgery and real- time analytics. Advanced Use Cases 5G enabled emerging use cases like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), smart cities, and autonomous vehicles . 6G will expand on these applications, enabling more complex and immersive experiences, like holographic communications and advanced AI services. Network Reliability and Coverage 6G aims to provide even more reliable and ubiquitous coverage than 5G, integrating NTNs to cover areas that are currently underserved or unserved by terrestrial networks. Evolution from 5G to 6G

4. Societal Impact While 5G began the transformation towards a more connected society, 6G is expected to have a deeper societal impact by enabling new services and capabilities that address major societal challenges, including healthcare, education, and environmental sustainability. In conclusion, the transition from 5G to 6G represents a significant leap in technology, not just in terms of improved speed and reduced latency, but also in the way it integrates intelligence, transforms user experiences, and addresses global challenges .

5. New Applications & Business Models The advent of 6G is expected to bring about revolutionary changes in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), creating more immersive and interactive experiences. This could lead to new business models in entertainment, education, and telepresence. Internet of Everything (IoE) 6G will enable the interconnectivity of not only devices but also people, processes, and data, leading to the creation of the Internet of Everything. This will foster new applications in smart cities, industrial automation, and personalized healthcare , transforming how businesses operate and interact with customers. Ubiquitous Computing As computing becomes more pervasive, 6G will facilitate seamless integration of cloud and edge computing . This will enable real- time data processing and analytics, opening up opportunities for new services that require high computational power, such as AI- driven analytics and decision- making tools. Advanced IoT Applications With the expanded capabilities of 6G, Internet of Things (IoT) applications will become more sophisticated , enabling smart environments that are more responsive and adaptive to human needs . This could lead to innovative business models in areas like environmental monitoring, smart transportation , and energy management. MEGA- TRENDS AND KEY DRIVERS New Applications & Business Models

6. AI and Machine Learning 6G networks are expected to be designed with native AI capabilities, allowing for smarter and more efficient network management. This proliferation of intelligence will enhance the performance and user experience, enabling more complex AI applications. Autonomous Systems The high reliability and low latency of 6G will be crucial for the deployment of autonomous systems, such as self- driving cars and drones. These systems will rely on the network for real- time decision- making and data processing. Personalized Services AI integration will enable more personalized and context- aware services . This could range from customized content delivery to personalized healthcare recommendations , enhancing user engagement & satisfaction. Proliferation of Intelligence

7. Energy Efficiency As 6G networks will handle significantly more data and connections, energy efficiency becomes a critical concern. The development of 6G is focusing on sustainable practices, including the use of renewable energy sources and energy- efficient technologies. Digital Inclusion 6G aims to provide ubiquitous connectivity, including in remote and underserved areas. This aligns with the goal of digital inclusion, ensuring that everyone, regardless of location, has access to digital services . Environmental Monitoring 6G can play a vital role in environmental conservation and monitoring. Enhanced connectivity and data capabilities will enable more effective tracking of environmental changes, facilitating proactive measures against climate change and natural disasters. Ethical Considerations and Privacy With the increased capabilities of 6G, there is a growing emphasis on addressing ethical considerations and protecting user privacy. This includes developing frameworks and standards to ensure that advancements in technology are aligned with societal values and norms. Sustainability and Social Responsibility

8. Native AI Integrating AI as a core component, not just an add-on, to support AI- based services and applications. Networked Sensing Utilizing higher frequency bands for integrating sensing and communication, leading to enhanced services and new capabilities. Extreme Connectivity Achieving speeds comparable to optical fiber, significantly enhancing system capacity and reliability. Integrated Non- Terrestrial Networks (NTN): Combining terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks for global coverage and lower latency in long- distance communication. Native Trustworthiness Ensuring security & privacy , resilience , safety & reliability in the network architecture. Sustainability Aiming for energy efficiency and reduced overall energy consumption while maintaining optimal service performance. OVERALL VISION & CAPABILITIES OF 6G

9. Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence 6G aims to create a truly interconnected world where the boundaries between physical, digital, and biological spheres are blurred. This vision includes not just enhanced connectivity, but also the integration of advanced computing and artificial intelligence, leading to what can be described as the 'Intelligence of Everything'. Seamless Integration of the Physical and Digital Worlds 6G envisions a future where the digital and physical worlds are seamlessly integrated, allowing for real- time interactions and experiences that are currently inconceivable. This integration will revolutionize industries, healthcare, education, and daily life. Empowering Societal and Industrial Transformations Beyond individual use, 6G is seen as a key enabler for large-scale societal and industrial transformations, facilitating smart cities, autonomous systems, and advanced manufacturing processes. OVERALL VISION OF 6G

10. Terabit- level Speeds and Ultra- low Latency One of the most significant capabilities of 6G is its ability to deliver terabit- per- second data speeds and latency in the order of microseconds. This ultra- fast and responsive network will be essential for applications like holographic communications, high- precision manufacturing, and real- time analytics. Advanced AI Integration AI will be a native component of 6G networks, enabling intelligent and autonomous network optimization, predictive maintenance, and advanced data analytics. This will lead to more efficient network operations and enhanced user experiences. Network Slicing and Customization Building upon the network slicing introduced in 5G, 6G will furthe r enhance the ability to create multiple virtual networks tailored to specific requirements . This could support diverse applications, from massive IoT deployments to ultra- reliable low- latency communications for critical infrastructure. Enhanced IoT Support 6G will provide the infrastructure to support the exponential growth in IoT devices, enabling more complex, reliable , and energy- efficient IoT ecosystems. This will be crucial for the realization of smart cities and automated industrial processes. Key Capabilities of 6G

11. Non- Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) The integration of NTNs, such as satellite and airborne networks, will ensure global coverage, including in remote and hard- to- reach areas. This is critical for achieving universal connectivity. Sustainable and Green Technologies Recognizing the environmental impact of telecommunications infrastructure, 6G aims to incorporate sustainable and green technologies. This includes energy- efficient hardware, use of renewable energy sources, and minimizing the carbon footprint of network operations. Enhanced Security and Privacy With the increased complexity and capabilities of 6G, there will be a heightened focus on security and privacy. This involves advanced encryption methods, secure network architectures, and mechanisms to ensure data privacy and integrity. Human- Centric Design Finally, 6G networks are envisioned to be more human- centric, offering personalized and context- aware services. This will enhance user experience and accessibility, making technology more intuitive and responsive to individual needs. Finally, 6G networks are envisioned to be more human- centric, offering personalized and context- aware services. This will enhance user experience and accessibility, making technology more intuitive and responsive to individual needs.

12. There are several key innovations and technological advancements that define the 5G network . These new elements include : New Spectrum The introduction of new frequency bands to improve network capacity and performance. New Materials and Antennas Development in materials science and antenna design to enhance signal transmission and reception. New Channels The creation of more efficient and effective communication channels. New Devices The emergence of devices designed to leverage the improved capabilities of 5G networks. The enabling technologies and architectures are fundamental to 5G, including: Native AI The integration of artificial intelligence into the network fabric. Networked Sensing Enhancing the network's ability to collect and process data from various sources. NEW ELEMENTS IN 6G

13. These elements represent a significant leap from previous generations of mobile networks, emphasizing enhanced speed, connectivity, intelligence, and sustainability Extreme Connectivity A focus on achieving higher levels of network performance and reliability. Integrated Non- Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Combining terrestrial and non- terrestrial networks for broader coverage. Native Trustworthiness Building security and trust into the network infrastructure. Sustainability Ensuring that 5G development is aligned with sustainability goals.

14. There are five major usage scenarios that demonstrate the capabilities and potential applications of 6G technology. These scenarios include: eMBB+ (enhanced Mobile Broadband Plus) This scenario represents the evolution of enhanced mobile broadband. It focuses on human- centric communication use cases and aims to provide an extremely immersive experience with multi- sensory interactions, particularly in XR applications (Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality) and telepresence. URLLC+ (Ultra- Reliable Low- Latency Communications Plus) This scenario extends the ultra- reliable and low- latency communications of 5G. It is designed for critical machine- type communication and is particularly relevant for Industry 4.0 applications, including manufacturing, public service, autonomous driving, and household management. mMTC+ (massive Machine Type Communications Plus) This scenario is focused on supporting a massive number of devices and sensors , which is vital for IoT (Internet of Things) applications . It emphasizes the need for a network that can handle a large number of connections without compromising performance. USE CASES & REQUIREMENTS

15. Sensing This scenario introduces networked sensing as a new type of usage beyond traditional communication. It covers a range of use cases such as localization for device- based or device-free targets, imaging, environment reconstruction and monitoring, and gesture and activity recognition. AI (Artificial Intelligence) This scenario emphasizes the integration of AI with network technologies. It highlights the role of AI in enhancing network functionalities and enabling new capabilities such as intelligent data processing and advanced decision- making. Each of these scenarios illustrates the broad and transformative impact that 6G technology is expected to have across various domains, emphasizing enhanced connectivity, intelligence, and sensory capabilities

16. There is a significant paradigm shifts in both air interface design and network architecture, which are essential for realizing the advanced capabilities of 6G: Paradigm Shifts in Air Interface Design There is a move towards a more personalized air interface, which allows for the customization of transmission schemes and parameters at the user equipment (UE) level. This approach aims to enhance user experience without compromising system capacity. The design will be scalable to support near- zero- latency, especially important for Ultra- Reliable Low-Latency Communications ( URLLC ). Additionally, a new signaling mechanism, characterized as both simple and agile, will be introduced to minimize signaling overhead and delay, further optimizing the air interface for diverse user needs.. Paradigm Shifts in Network Architecture - In terms of network architecture, the 6G system is envisioned to serve as a distributed platform for executing user workloads across all industry scenarios. This reflects a shift from traditional centralized network architectures to decentralized and user-centric ones. PARADIGM SHIFTS

17. This new architecture will integrate native AI capabilities, marking a significant departure from traditional network designs. The integration of AI is expected to enable the network to meet new requirements and integrate new capabilities effectively. These changes will lead to a novel network architecture that is flexible and adaptable, capable of supporting the advanced functionalities and diverse applications anticipated in the 6G era. These shifts indicate a fundamental transformation in how both the air interface and network architecture are conceptualized and implemented, with a strong emphasis on personalization, decentralization, and the integration of AI to cater to the complex and diverse demands of future 6G networks.

18. In the context of 6G, the role of Web 3.0 and blockchain adoption is significant and multifaceted. Here's an exploration of how these technologies might interact and influence the world of 6G: Decentralization and Enhanced Security Web 3.0 is fundamentally about the decentralization of the internet, leveraging technologies like blockchain to distribute data across numerous nodes. This approach enhances security and resilience, which is crucial for 6G networks that will be handling vast amounts of sensitive and critical data. Blockchain's immutable and transparent nature can provide a robust security layer for 6G networks, safeguarding against tampering and unauthorized access. Data Management and Privacy With the increased emphasis on user privacy and data sovereignty in Web 3.0, blockchain can offer solutions for secure and transparent data management in 6G networks. Users could have greater control over their data, deciding who can access it an d for what purpose. This aligns with the expected evolution of 6G towards user-centric networks. THE ROLE OF WEB 3.0 IN 6G EVOLUTION

19. Smart Contracts for Automated Services 6G networks will likely support a vast array of IoT devices and services. Blockchain’s smart contract functionality can automate many interactions in this ecosystem, such as microtransactions,access control , and the execution of agreements between devices without human intervention . Enhanced IoT Integration As 6G aims to provide ubiquitous connectivity, integrating IoT devices seamlessly, blockchain can play a crucial role in managing these devices securely. Blockchain can provide a scalable and secure framework for IoT devices to communicate, authenticate, and transact, reducing the risk of security breaches. Network Slicing and Resource Management 6G networks are expected to support network slicing, allowing the creation of multiple virtual networks on a shared physical infrastructure. Blockchain can aid in the decentralized and transparent allocation of resources for these slices, ensuring efficient and fair usage. Decentralized Identity (DID) Systems With Web 3.0's focus on decentralized identity solutions, blockchain can offer secure and verifiable identity management systems in 6G networks. This would enable users to control their online identities and the associated data, reducing reliance on centralized entities. Tokenization and New Economic Models The integration of blockchain with 6G could lead to novel economic models, such as tokenization, where digital tokens represent assets or access rights. This can open up new monetization avenues for service providers and users in the 6G ecosystem. Interoperability and Standardization Blockchain can facilitate interoperability in 6G, ensuring seamless communication and data exchange across different networks and devices. This would be vital for the global nature of 6G networks.

20. ROADMAP FOR 6G 6G comes with both innovation and potential challenges. But the roadmap to an efficient , intelligent backbone is indeed in the works. Enhanced Sensing and Imaging &AI Integration 6G aims to improve sensing and imaging capabilities significantly , leveraging imaging and AI to allow for applications like hidden object detection and gesture recognition. This will enable interaction with devices through gestures and actions, enhancing human- computer interfaces. Spectrum and Frequency Bands 6G will explore new spectrum and frequency bands, including the use of mmWave and THz bands. This will be crucial for supporting ultra-high data rates and advanced sensing capabilities. The concept of a multilayered frequency band framework will be essential for achieving wide coverage. New Materials and Antennas The evolution of new material technologies will facilitate the application of new spectrum and antennas for 6G. This includes advancements in silicon technologies and the integration of different semiconductor materials to overcome current limitations.

21. Channel Modeling and Radio Wave Propagation 6G will face new challenges in channel modeling due to the use of higher frequency bands and new scenarios. This may require a mix of deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid modeling approaches to accurately simulate the behavior of radio waves. Revolution in Mobile Devices Future mobile devices in the 6G era will have capabilities beyond current smartphones, including advanced sensing, imaging, and AI integration. This will transform devices into more than just communication tools, integrating them more deeply into various aspects of daily life. Air Interface and Network Architecture The design of 6G's air interface and network architecture will be fundamentally different from previous generations. This includes AI- driven physical layer and media access control, task-centric connection models, and integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network infrastructures. Native Security and Trustworthiness 6G will transition from encryption- based security to a more integrated approach focusing on native trustworthiness, considering aspects like quantum computing and AI in security design. Global Standardization and Collaboration The path to successful 6G deployment will require global collaboration and standardization. It's anticipated that the first version of 6G standardization will be released around 2030. This roadmap outlines a transformative journey for 6G, focusing on integrating AI, exploring new materials and spectrums, and developing advanced network architectures to enable a wide range of futuristic applications and services.